[PATCH bpf-next v2] [tools/bpf] workaround a verifier failure for test_progs

[Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>]

With latest llvm compiler, running test_progs will have
the following verifier failure for test_sysctl_loop1.o:
  libbpf: load bpf program failed: Permission denied
  libbpf: -- BEGIN DUMP LOG ---
  libbpf:
  invalid indirect read from stack var_off (0x0; 0xff)+196 size 7
  ...
  libbpf: -- END LOG --
  libbpf: failed to load program 'cgroup/sysctl'
  libbpf: failed to load object 'test_sysctl_loop1.o'

The related bytecodes look below:
  0000000000000308 LBB0_8:
      97:       r4 = r10
      98:       r4 += -288
      99:       r4 += r7
     100:       w8 &= 255
     101:       r1 = r10
     102:       r1 += -488
     103:       r1 += r8
     104:       r2 = 7
     105:       r3 = 0
     106:       call 106
     107:       w1 = w0
     108:       w1 += -1
     109:       if w1 > 6 goto -24 <LBB0_5>
     110:       w0 += w8
     111:       r7 += 8
     112:       w8 = w0
     113:       if r7 != 224 goto -17 <LBB0_8>
and source code:
     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tcp_mem); ++i) {
             ret = bpf_strtoul(value + off, MAX_ULONG_STR_LEN, 0,
                               tcp_mem + i);
             if (ret <= 0 || ret > MAX_ULONG_STR_LEN)
                     return 0;
             off += ret & MAX_ULONG_STR_LEN;
     }
Current verifier is not able to conclude register w0 before '+'
at insn 110 has a range of 1 to 7 and thinks it is from 0 - 255.
This leads to more conservative range for w8 at insn 112,
and later verifier complaint.

Let us workaound this issue until we found a compiler and/or
verifier solution. The workaround in this patch is
to make variable 'ret' volatile, which will force a reload
and then '&' operation to ensure better value range.
With this patch, I got the below byte code for the loop,
  0000000000000328 LBB0_9:
     101:       r4 = r10
     102:       r4 += -288
     103:       r4 += r7
     104:       w8 &= 255
     105:       r1 = r10
     106:       r1 += -488
     107:       r1 += r8
     108:       r2 = 7
     109:       r3 = 0
     110:       call 106
     111:       *(u32 *)(r10 - 64) = r0
     112:       r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 - 64)
     113:       if w1 s< 1 goto -28 <LBB0_5>
     114:       r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 - 64)
     115:       if w1 s> 7 goto -30 <LBB0_5>
     116:       r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 - 64)
     117:       w1 &= 7
     118:       w1 += w8
     119:       r7 += 8
     120:       w8 = w1
     121:       if r7 != 224 goto -21 <LBB0_9>
Insn 117 did the '&' operation and we got more precise
value range for 'w8' at insn 120.
The test is happy then.
  #3/17 test_sysctl_loop1.o:OK

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sysctl_loop1.c | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

Changelog:
  v1 -> v2:
    - Added byte codes after the code change in the commit message

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sysctl_loop1.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sysctl_loop1.c
index 608a06871572..d22e438198cf 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sysctl_loop1.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_sysctl_loop1.c
@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@ int sysctl_tcp_mem(struct bpf_sysctl *ctx)
 	unsigned long tcp_mem[TCP_MEM_LOOPS] = {};
 	char value[MAX_VALUE_STR_LEN];
 	unsigned char i, off = 0;
-	int ret;
+	/* a workaround to prevent compiler from generating
+	 * codes verifier cannot handle yet.
+	 */
+	volatile int ret;
 
 	if (ctx->write)
 		return 0;
-- 
2.17.1