On Sun, 7 Mar 2021, Joe Perches wrote:

> On Sun, 2021-03-07 at 20:14 +0100, Julia Lawall wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, 3 Mar 2021, Joe Perches wrote:
> >
> > > On Wed, 2021-03-03 at 10:41 +0100, Rasmus Villemoes wrote:
> > > > On 02/03/2021 18.42, Joe Perches wrote:
> > > > > Here is a possible opportunity to reduce data usage in the kernel.
> > > > >
> > > > > $ git grep -P -n '^static\s+(?!const|struct)(?:\w+\s+){1,3}\w+\s*\[\s*\]' drivers/ | \
> > > > >   grep -v __initdata | \
> > > > >   wc -l
> > > > > 3250
> > > > >
> > > > > Meaning there are ~3000 declarations of arrays with what appears to be
> > > > > file static const content that are not marked const.
> > > > >
> > > > > So there are many static arrays that could be marked const to move the
> > > > > compiled object code from data to text minimizing the total amount of
> > > > > exposed r/w data.
> > > >
> > > > You can add const if you like, but it will rarely change the generated
> > > > code. gcc is already smart enough to take a static array whose contents
> > > > are provably never modified within the TU and put it in .rodata:
> > >
> > > At least some or perhaps even most of the time, true, but the gcc compiler
> > > from v5 through at least v10 seems inconsistent about when it does the
> > > appropriate conversion.
> > >
> > > See the example I posted:
> > > https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/6b8b250a06a98ce42120a14824531a8641f5e8aa.camel@perches.com/
> > >
> > > It was a randomly chosen source file conversion btw, I had no prior
> > > knowledge of whether the text/data use would change.
> > >
> > > I'm unsure about clang consistently moving static but provably const arrays
> > > from data to text.  I rarely use clang.  At least for v11 it seems to be
> > > better though.  I didn't try 10.1.
> >
> > I tried the relevnt drivers in drivers/input/joystick.  I got only one
> > driver that changed with gcc 9.3, which was
> > drivers/input/joystick/analog.c.  It actually got larger:
> >
> > original:
> >
> >    text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
> >   22607   10560     320   33487    82cf drivers/input/joystick/analog.o
> >
> > after adding const:
> >
> >    text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
> >   22728   10816     320   33864    8448 drivers/input/joystick/analog.o
> >
> > This was the only case where bss was not 0, but I don't know if there is a
> > connection.
>
> You really need consider using defconfig so whatever object code
> does not have tracing/debugging support.
>
> For instance, this code with defconfig and analog joystick:
>
> Original:
>
> $ size drivers/input/joystick/analog.o
>    text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
>    8115	    261	    224	   8600	   2198	drivers/input/joystick/analog.o
>
> with const:
>
> $ size drivers/input/joystick/analog.o
>    text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
>    8179	    201	    224	   8604	   219c	drivers/input/joystick/analog.o

Thanks for the suggestion.  It occurred to me that in one case my
transformation was wrong, because the array was multi-level, and a sub
array was being stored in a structure field that was not declared as
const.  So the argument that the compiler would figure out to put the
array in .rodata didn't make sense.  But I still go the same sizes for
that file.  So I'll try the whole thing again.

thanks,
julia