Re: [RFC PATCH 0/4] x86: Improve Minimum Alternate Stack Size

[Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>]

On Tue, Oct 06, 2020 at 08:18:03AM -0700, H.J. Lu wrote:
> On Tue, Oct 6, 2020 at 5:12 AM H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Tue, Oct 6, 2020 at 2:25 AM Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Mon, Oct 05, 2020 at 10:17:06PM +0100, H.J. Lu wrote:
> > > > On Mon, Oct 5, 2020 at 6:45 AM Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > On Tue, Sep 29, 2020 at 01:57:42PM -0700, Chang S. Bae wrote:
> > > > > > During signal entry, the kernel pushes data onto the normal userspace
> > > > > > stack. On x86, the data pushed onto the user stack includes XSAVE state,
> > > > > > which has grown over time as new features and larger registers have been
> > > > > > added to the architecture.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > MINSIGSTKSZ is a constant provided in the kernel signal.h headers and
> > > > > > typically distributed in lib-dev(el) packages, e.g. [1]. Its value is
> > > > > > compiled into programs and is part of the user/kernel ABI. The MINSIGSTKSZ
> > > > > > constant indicates to userspace how much data the kernel expects to push on
> > > > > > the user stack, [2][3].
> > > > > >
> > > > > > However, this constant is much too small and does not reflect recent
> > > > > > additions to the architecture. For instance, when AVX-512 states are in
> > > > > > use, the signal frame size can be 3.5KB while MINSIGSTKSZ remains 2KB.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The bug report [4] explains this as an ABI issue. The small MINSIGSTKSZ can
> > > > > > cause user stack overflow when delivering a signal.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > In this series, we suggest a couple of things:
> > > > > > 1. Provide a variable minimum stack size to userspace, as a similar
> > > > > >    approach to [5]
> > > > > > 2. Avoid using a too-small alternate stack
> > > > >
> > > > > I can't comment on the x86 specifics, but the approach followed in this
> > > > > series does seem consistent with the way arm64 populates
> > > > > AT_MINSIGSTKSZ.
> > > > >
> > > > > I need to dig up my glibc hacks for providing a sysconf interface to
> > > > > this...
> > > >
> > > > Here is my proposal for glibc:
> > > >
> > > > https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2020-September/118098.html
> > >
> > > Thanks for the link.
> > >
> > > Are there patches yet?  I already had some hacks in the works, but I can
> > > drop them if there's something already out there.
> >
> > I am working on it.
> >
> > >
> > > > 1. Define SIGSTKSZ and MINSIGSTKSZ to 64KB.
> > >
> > > Can we do this?  IIUC, this is an ABI break and carries the risk of
> > > buffer overruns.
> > >
> > > The reason for not simply increasing the kernel's MINSIGSTKSZ #define
> > > (apart from the fact that it is rarely used, due to glibc's shadowing
> > > definitions) was that userspace binaries will have baked in the old
> > > value of the constant and may be making assumptions about it.
> > >
> > > For example, the type (char [MINSIGSTKSZ]) changes if this #define
> > > changes.  This could be a problem if an newly built library tries to
> > > memcpy() or dump such an object defined by and old binary.
> > > Bounds-checking and the stack sizes passed to things like sigaltstack()
> > > and makecontext() could similarly go wrong.
> >
> > With my original proposal:
> >
> > https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2020-September/118028.html
> >
> > char [MINSIGSTKSZ] won't compile.  The feedback is to increase the
> > constants:
> >
> > https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2020-September/118092.html
> >
> > >
> > > > 2. Add _SC_RSVD_SIG_STACK_SIZE for signal stack size reserved by the kernel.
> > >
> > > How about "_SC_MINSIGSTKSZ"?  This was my initial choice since only the
> > > discovery method is changing.  The meaning of the value is exactly the
> > > same as before.
> > >
> > > If we are going to rename it though, it could make sense to go for
> > > something more directly descriptive, say, "_SC_SIGNAL_FRAME_SIZE".
> > >
> > > The trouble with including "STKSZ" is that is sounds like a
> > > recommendation for your stack size.  While the signal frame size is
> > > relevant to picking a stack size, it's not the only thing to
> > > consider.
> >
> > The problem is that AT_MINSIGSTKSZ is the signal frame size used by
> > kernel.   The minimum stack size for a signal handler is more likely
> > AT_MINSIGSTKSZ + 1.5KB unless AT_MINSIGSTKSZ returns the signal
> > frame size used by kernel + 6KB for user application.
> >
> > >
> > > Also, do we need a _SC_SIGSTKSZ constant, or should the entire concept
> > > of a "recommended stack size" be abandoned?  glibc can at least make a
> > > slightly more informed guess about suitable stack sizes than the kernel
> > > (and glibc already has to guess anyway, in order to determine the
> > > default thread stack size).
> >
> > Glibc should try to deduct signal frame size if AT_MINSIGSTKSZ isn't
> > available.
> >
> > >
> > > > 3. Deprecate SIGSTKSZ and MINSIGSTKSZ if _SC_RSVD_SIG_STACK_SIZE
> > > > is in use.
> > >
> > > Great if we can do it.  I was concerned that this might be
> > > controversial.
> > >
> > > Would this just be a recommendation, or can we enforce it somehow?
> >
> > It is just an idea.  We need to move away from constant SIGSTKSZ and
> > MINSIGSTKSZ.
> >
> 
> Here is the glibc patch:
> 
> https://gitlab.com/x86-glibc/glibc/-/commits/users/hjl/AT_MINSIGSTKSZ
> 
> AT_MINSIGSTKSZ should return the signal frame size used by kernel + 6KB
> for user application.

I'm not sure about the 6K here.

We a few fundamental parameters:

 * the actual maximum size of the kernel-allocated signal frame (which
   we'll report via AT_MINSIGSTKSZ);

 * the size of additional userspace stack frame required to execute the
   minimal (i.e., empty) signal handler.  (On AArch64, this is 0.  In
   environments where the C lirbrary calls signal handlers through some
   sort of wrapper, this would need to include the wrapper's stack
   needs also);

 * additional userspace stack needs for the actual signal handler code.
   This is completely unknown.


_SC_MINSIGSTKSZ (however named) should certainly include the first two,
but I'm not sure about the third.  It will at least be architecture-
dependent.


This is one reason why I still favor having more than one constant here:
the fundamental system properties should be discoverable for software
that knows how to calculate its own stack needs accurately.

Since calculating stack needs is hard and most software doesn't bother
to do it, we could also give a "recommended" stack size which
incorporates a guess of typical handler stack needs (similarly to the
legacy SIGSTKSZ constant), but I think that should be a separate
parameter.

Cheers
---Dave