Re: [PATCH v2 1/2] riscv: Add support to dump the kernel page tables

[Alex Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>]

Hi Zong,

On 2/10/20 3:35 AM, Zong Li wrote:
> In a similar manner to arm64, x86, powerpc, etc., it can traverse all
> page tables, and dump the page table layout with the memory types and
> permissions.
> 
> Add a debugfs file at /sys/kernel/debug/kernel_page_tables to export
> the page table layout to userspace.
> 
> Changes in v2:
> - Remove #ifdef CONFIG_PTDUMP_CORE in header. Suggested by Steven Price.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Zong Li <zong.li@sifive.com>
> ---
>   arch/riscv/Kconfig               |   1 +
>   arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h |  10 +
>   arch/riscv/include/asm/ptdump.h  |  11 ++
>   arch/riscv/mm/Makefile           |   1 +
>   arch/riscv/mm/ptdump.c           | 317 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   5 files changed, 340 insertions(+)
>   create mode 100644 arch/riscv/include/asm/ptdump.h
>   create mode 100644 arch/riscv/mm/ptdump.c
> 
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> index 73f029eae0cc..6e81da55b5e4 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ config RISCV
>   	select GENERIC_SMP_IDLE_THREAD
>   	select GENERIC_ATOMIC64 if !64BIT
>   	select GENERIC_IOREMAP
> +	select GENERIC_PTDUMP
>   	select HAVE_ARCH_AUDITSYSCALL
>   	select HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER
>   	select HAVE_ASM_MODVERSIONS
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h
> index e43041519edd..ac353e44f80c 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h
> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h
> @@ -444,6 +444,16 @@ static inline int ptep_clear_flush_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>   #endif
>   #define FIXADDR_START    (FIXADDR_TOP - FIXADDR_SIZE)
>   
> +/*
> + * In the RV64 Linux scheme, we give the user half of the virtual-address space
> + * and give the kernel the other (upper) half.
> + */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> +#define KERN_VIRT_START	(-(BIT(CONFIG_VA_BITS)) + TASK_SIZE) > +#else
> +#define KERN_VIRT_START	FIXADDR_START
> +#endif
> +
>   /*
>    * Task size is 0x4000000000 for RV64 or 0x9fc00000 for RV32.
>    * Note that PGDIR_SIZE must evenly divide TASK_SIZE.
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/ptdump.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/ptdump.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..e29af7191909
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/ptdump.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2019 SiFive
> + */
> +
> +#ifndef _ASM_RISCV_PTDUMP_H
> +#define _ASM_RISCV_PTDUMP_H
> +
> +void ptdump_check_wx(void);
> +
> +#endif /* _ASM_RISCV_PTDUMP_H */
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/Makefile b/arch/riscv/mm/Makefile
> index 50b7af58c566..814e16a8d68a 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/mm/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/Makefile
> @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_MMU),y)
>   obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += tlbflush.o
>   endif
>   obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE) += hugetlbpage.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_PTDUMP_CORE) += ptdump.o
>   obj-$(CONFIG_KASAN)   += kasan_init.o
>   
>   ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/ptdump.c b/arch/riscv/mm/ptdump.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..9a67e723fff7
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/ptdump.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2019 SiFive
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/debugfs.h>
> +#include <linux/seq_file.h>
> +#include <linux/ptdump.h>
> +
> +#include <asm/ptdump.h>
> +#include <asm/pgtable.h>
> +#include <asm/kasan.h>
> +
> +#define pt_dump_seq_printf(m, fmt, args...)	\
> +({						\
> +	if (m)					\
> +		seq_printf(m, fmt, ##args);	\
> +})
> +
> +#define pt_dump_seq_puts(m, fmt)	\
> +({					\
> +	if (m)				\
> +		seq_printf(m, fmt);	\
> +})
> +
> +/*
> + * The page dumper groups page table entries of the same type into a single
> + * description. It uses pg_state to track the range information while
> + * iterating over the pte entries. When the continuity is broken it then
> + * dumps out a description of the range.
> + */
> +struct pg_state {
> +	struct ptdump_state ptdump;
> +	struct seq_file *seq;
> +	const struct addr_marker *marker;
> +	unsigned long start_address;
> +	unsigned long start_pa;
> +	unsigned long last_pa;
> +	int level;
> +	u64 current_prot;
> +	bool check_wx;
> +	unsigned long wx_pages;
> +};
> +
> +/* Address marker */
> +struct addr_marker {
> +	unsigned long start_address;
> +	const char *name;
> +};
> +
> +static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
> +	{KASAN_SHADOW_START,	"Kasan shadow start"},
> +	{KASAN_SHADOW_END,	"Kasan shadow end"},
> +#endif
> +	{FIXADDR_START,		"Fixmap start"},
> +	{FIXADDR_TOP,		"Fixmap end"},
> +	{PCI_IO_START,		"PCI I/O start"},
> +	{PCI_IO_END,		"PCI I/O end"},
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
> +	{VMEMMAP_START,		"vmemmap start"},
> +	{VMEMMAP_END,		"vmemmap end"},
> +#endif
> +	{VMALLOC_START,		"vmalloc() area"},
> +	{VMALLOC_END,		"vmalloc() end"},
> +	{PAGE_OFFSET,		"Linear mapping"},
> +	{-1, NULL},
> +};
> +
> +/* Page Table Entry */
> +struct prot_bits {
> +	u64 mask;
> +	u64 val;
> +	const char *set;
> +	const char *clear;
> +};
> +
> +static const struct prot_bits pte_bits[] = {
> +	{
> +		.mask = _PAGE_SOFT,
> +		.val = _PAGE_SOFT,
> +		.set = "RSW",
> +		.clear = "   ",
> +	}, {
> +		.mask = _PAGE_DIRTY,
> +		.val = _PAGE_DIRTY,
> +		.set = "D",
> +		.clear = ".",
> +	}, {
> +		.mask = _PAGE_ACCESSED,
> +		.val = _PAGE_ACCESSED,
> +		.set = "A",
> +		.clear = ".",
> +	}, {
> +		.mask = _PAGE_GLOBAL,
> +		.val = _PAGE_GLOBAL,
> +		.set = "G",
> +		.clear = ".",
> +	}, {
> +		.mask = _PAGE_USER,
> +		.val = _PAGE_USER,
> +		.set = "U",
> +		.clear = ".",
> +	}, {
> +		.mask = _PAGE_EXEC,
> +		.val = _PAGE_EXEC,
> +		.set = "X",
> +		.clear = ".",
> +	}, {
> +		.mask = _PAGE_WRITE,
> +		.val = _PAGE_WRITE,
> +		.set = "W",
> +		.clear = ".",
> +	}, {
> +		.mask = _PAGE_READ,
> +		.val = _PAGE_READ,
> +		.set = "R",
> +		.clear = ".",
> +	}, {
> +		.mask = _PAGE_PRESENT,
> +		.val = _PAGE_PRESENT,
> +		.set = "V",
> +		.clear = ".",
> +	}
> +};
> +
> +/* Page Level */
> +struct pg_level {
> +	const char *name;
> +	u64 mask;
> +};
> +
> +static struct pg_level pg_level[] = {
> +	{ /* pgd */
> +		.name = "PGD",
> +	}, { /* p4d */
> +		.name = (CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 4) ? "P4D" : "PGD",
> +	}, { /* pud */
> +		.name = (CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 3) ? "PUD" : "PGD",
> +	}, { /* pmd */
> +		.name = (CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 2) ? "PMD" : "PGD",
> +	}, { /* pte */
> +		.name = "PTE",
> +	},
> +};
> +
> +static void dump_prot(struct pg_state *st)
> +{
> +	unsigned int i;
> +
> +	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits); i++) {
> +		const char *s;
> +
> +		if ((st->current_prot & pte_bits[i].mask) == pte_bits[i].val)
> +			s = pte_bits[i].set;
> +		else
> +			s = pte_bits[i].clear;
> +
> +		if (s)
> +			pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " %s", s);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> +#define ADDR_FORMAT	"0x%016lx"
> +#else
> +#define ADDR_FORMAT	"0x%08lx"
> +#endif
> +static void dump_addr(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr)
> +{
> +	static const char units[] = "KMGTPE";
> +	const char *unit = units;
> +	unsigned long delta;
> +
> +	pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, ADDR_FORMAT "-" ADDR_FORMAT "   ",
> +			   st->start_address, addr);
> +
> +	pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " " ADDR_FORMAT " ", st->start_pa);
> +	delta = (addr - st->start_address) >> 10;
> +
> +	while (!(delta & 1023) && unit[1]) {
> +		delta >>= 10;
> +		unit++;
> +	}
> +
> +	pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "%9lu%c %s", delta, *unit,
> +			   pg_level[st->level].name);
> +}
> +
> +static void note_prot_wx(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr)
> +{
> +	if (!st->check_wx)
> +		return;
> +
> +	if ((st->current_prot & (_PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC)) !=
> +	    (_PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC))
> +		return;
> +
> +	WARN_ONCE(1, "riscv/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address %p/%pS\n",
> +		  (void *)st->start_address, (void *)st->start_address);
> +
> +	st->wx_pages += (addr - st->start_address) / PAGE_SIZE;
> +}
> +
> +static void note_page(struct ptdump_state *pt_st, unsigned long addr,
> +		      int level, unsigned long val)
> +{
> +	struct pg_state *st = container_of(pt_st, struct pg_state, ptdump);
> +	u64 pa = PFN_PHYS(pte_pfn(__pte(val)));
> +	u64 prot = 0;
> +
> +	if (level >= 0)
> +		prot = val & pg_level[level].mask;
> +
> +	if (st->level == -1) {
> +		st->level = level;
> +		st->current_prot = prot;
> +		st->start_address = addr;
> +		st->start_pa = pa;
> +		st->last_pa = pa;
> +		pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
> +	} else if (prot != st->current_prot ||
> +		   level != st->level || addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
> +		if (st->current_prot) {
> +			note_prot_wx(st, addr);
> +			dump_addr(st, addr);
> +			dump_prot(st);
> +			pt_dump_seq_puts(st->seq, "\n");
> +		}
> +
> +		while (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
> +			st->marker++;
> +			pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n",
> +					   st->marker->name);
> +		}
> +
> +		st->start_address = addr;
> +		st->start_pa = pa;
> +		st->last_pa = pa;
> +		st->current_prot = prot;
> +		st->level = level;
> +	} else {
> +		st->last_pa = pa;
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static void ptdump_walk(struct seq_file *s)
> +{
> +	struct pg_state st = {
> +		.seq = s,
> +		.marker = address_markers,
> +		.level = -1,
> +		.ptdump = {
> +			.note_page = note_page,
> +			.range = (struct ptdump_range[]) {
> +				{KERN_VIRT_START, ULONG_MAX},
> +				{0, 0}
> +			}
> +		}
> +	};
> +
> +	ptdump_walk_pgd(&st.ptdump, &init_mm, NULL);
> +}
> +
> +void ptdump_check_wx(void)
> +{
> +	struct pg_state st = {
> +		.seq = NULL,
> +		.marker = (struct addr_marker[]) {
> +			{0, NULL},
> +			{-1, NULL},
> +		},
> +		.level = -1,
> +		.check_wx = true,
> +		.ptdump = {
> +			.note_page = note_page,
> +			.range = (struct ptdump_range[]) {
> +				{KERN_VIRT_START, ULONG_MAX},
> +				{0, 0}
> +			}
> +		}
> +	};
> +
> +	ptdump_walk_pgd(&st.ptdump, &init_mm, NULL);
> +
> +	if (st.wx_pages)
> +		pr_warn("Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, %lu W+X pages found\n",

"FAILED" should be lowercase like "passed" below (or the other way around).

> +			st.wx_pages);
> +	else
> +		pr_info("Checked W+X mappings: passed, no W+X pages found\n");
> +}
> +
> +static int ptdump_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
> +{
> +	ptdump_walk(m);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(ptdump);
> +
> +static int ptdump_init(void)
> +{
> +	unsigned int i, j;
> +
> +	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pg_level); i++)
> +		for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits); j++)
> +			pg_level[i].mask |= pte_bits[j].mask;
> +
> +	debugfs_create_file("kernel_page_tables", 0400, NULL, NULL,
> +			    &ptdump_fops);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +device_initcall(ptdump_init);
> 

Other than the small comment above, I have tested it on my sv48 series 
(I had to do some small changes to adapt it, but nothing significant):

---[ Fixmap start ]---
0xffff9dfffef00000-0xffff9dffff000000    0x0000000082200000         1M 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
---[ Fixmap end ]---
---[ PCI I/O start ]---
---[ PCI I/O end ]---
---[ vmalloc() area ]---
0xffffa00000000000-0xffffa00004000000    0x000000000c000000        64M 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffa00004001000-0xffffa00004002000    0x0000000010008000         4K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffa00004003000-0xffffa00004004000    0x0000000010007000         4K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffa00004005000-0xffffa00004006000    0x0000000010006000         4K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffa00004011000-0xffffa00004012000    0x0000000010000000         4K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffa0000401c000-0xffffa0000401f000    0x00000007af979000        12K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffbffffffbb000-0xffffbffffffbe000    0x00000007b030e000        12K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffbffffffcc000-0xffffbffffffcf000    0x00000007b0311000        12K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffbffffffdd000-0xffffbffffffe0000    0x00000007b0314000        12K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
0xffffbffffffee000-0xffffbfffffff1000    0x00000007b0317000        12K 
PTE     D A . . . W R V
---[ vmalloc() end ]---
---[ Linear mapping ]---
0xffffc00000000000-0xffffc00752e00000    0x0000000080200000     29998M 
PMD     D A . . X W R V

You can then add:

Tested-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>

Thanks,

Alex