From: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>, Linux-MM <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>, Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>,
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>,
LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Subject: [PATCH 00/27] Move LRU page reclaim from zones to nodes v6
Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2016 19:04:16 +0100 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <1465495483-11855-1-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net> (raw)
This is only lightly tested as I've had stability problems during boot
that have nothing to do with the series. It's based on mmots as of June
6th. Very little has changed with the big exception of "mm, vmscan:
Move LRU lists to node" because it had to adapt to per-zone changes in
should_reclaim_retry and compaction_zonelist_suitable.
Changelog since v5
o Rebase and adjust to changes
Changelog since v4
o Rebase on top of v3 of page allocator optimisation series
Changelog since v3
o Rebase on top of the page allocator optimisation series
o Remove RFC tag
This is the latest version of a series that moves LRUs from the zones to
the node that is based upon 4.6-rc3 plus the page allocator optimisation
series. Conceptually, this is simple but there are a lot of details. Some
of the broad motivations for this are;
1. The residency of a page partially depends on what zone the page was
allocated from. This is partially combatted by the fair zone allocation
policy but that is a partial solution that introduces overhead in the
page allocator paths.
2. Currently, reclaim on node 0 behaves slightly different to node 1. For
example, direct reclaim scans in zonelist order and reclaims even if
the zone is over the high watermark regardless of the age of pages
in that LRU. Kswapd on the other hand starts reclaim on the highest
unbalanced zone. A difference in distribution of file/anon pages due
to when they were allocated results can result in a difference in
again. While the fair zone allocation policy mitigates some of the
problems here, the page reclaim results on a multi-zone node will
always be different to a single-zone node.
it was scheduled on as a result.
3. kswapd and the page allocator scan zones in the opposite order to
avoid interfering with each other but it's sensitive to timing. This
mitigates the page allocator using pages that were allocated very recently
in the ideal case but it's sensitive to timing. When kswapd is allocating
from lower zones then it's great but during the rebalancing of the highest
zone, the page allocator and kswapd interfere with each other. It's worse
if the highest zone is small and difficult to balance.
4. slab shrinkers are node-based which makes it harder to identify the exact
relationship between slab reclaim and LRU reclaim.
The reason we have zone-based reclaim is that we used to have
large highmem zones in common configurations and it was necessary
to quickly find ZONE_NORMAL pages for reclaim. Today, this is much
less of a concern as machines with lots of memory will (or should) use
64-bit kernels. Combinations of 32-bit hardware and 64-bit hardware are
rare. Machines that do use highmem should have relatively low highmem:lowmem
ratios than we worried about in the past.
Conceptually, moving to node LRUs should be easier to understand. The
page allocator plays fewer tricks to game reclaim and reclaim behaves
similarly on all nodes.
The series got basic testing this time on a UMA machine. The page allocator
microbenchmark highlights the gain from removing the fair zone allocation
policy
4.7.0-rc2 4.7.0-rc2
mmotm-20160606 nodelru-v6r2
Min total-odr0-1 500.00 ( 0.00%) 475.00 ( 5.00%)
Min total-odr0-2 358.00 ( 0.00%) 343.00 ( 4.19%)
Min total-odr0-4 292.00 ( 0.00%) 279.00 ( 4.45%)
Min total-odr0-8 253.00 ( 0.00%) 242.00 ( 4.35%)
Min total-odr0-16 275.00 ( 0.00%) 226.00 ( 17.82%)
Min total-odr0-32 225.00 ( 0.00%) 215.00 ( 4.44%)
Min total-odr0-64 219.00 ( 0.00%) 210.00 ( 4.11%)
Min total-odr0-128 216.00 ( 0.00%) 207.00 ( 4.17%)
Min total-odr0-256 243.00 ( 0.00%) 246.00 ( -1.23%)
Min total-odr0-512 276.00 ( 0.00%) 265.00 ( 3.99%)
Min total-odr0-1024 290.00 ( 0.00%) 287.00 ( 1.03%)
Min total-odr0-2048 303.00 ( 0.00%) 296.00 ( 2.31%)
Min total-odr0-4096 312.00 ( 0.00%) 310.00 ( 0.64%)
Min total-odr0-8192 320.00 ( 0.00%) 308.00 ( 3.75%)
Min total-odr0-16384 320.00 ( 0.00%) 308.00 ( 3.75%)
Min total-odr1-1 737.00 ( 0.00%) 707.00 ( 4.07%)
Min total-odr1-2 547.00 ( 0.00%) 521.00 ( 4.75%)
Min total-odr1-4 620.00 ( 0.00%) 418.00 ( 32.58%)
Min total-odr1-8 386.00 ( 0.00%) 367.00 ( 4.92%)
Min total-odr1-16 361.00 ( 0.00%) 340.00 ( 5.82%)
Min total-odr1-32 352.00 ( 0.00%) 328.00 ( 6.82%)
Min total-odr1-64 345.00 ( 0.00%) 324.00 ( 6.09%)
Min total-odr1-128 347.00 ( 0.00%) 328.00 ( 5.48%)
Min total-odr1-256 347.00 ( 0.00%) 329.00 ( 5.19%)
Min total-odr1-512 354.00 ( 0.00%) 332.00 ( 6.21%)
Min total-odr1-1024 355.00 ( 0.00%) 337.00 ( 5.07%)
Min total-odr1-2048 358.00 ( 0.00%) 345.00 ( 3.63%)
Min total-odr1-4096 360.00 ( 0.00%) 346.00 ( 3.89%)
Min total-odr1-8192 360.00 ( 0.00%) 347.00 ( 3.61%)
A basic IO benchmark based on varying numbers of dd running in parallel
showed nothing interesting other than differences in what zones were
scanned due to the fair zone allocation policy being removed.
This series is not without its hazards. There are at least three areas
that I'm concerned with even though I could not reproduce any problems in
that area.
1. Reclaim/compaction is going to be affected because the amount of reclaim is
no longer targetted at a specific zone. Compaction works on a per-zone basis
so there is no guarantee that reclaiming a few THP's worth page pages will
have a positive impact on compaction success rates.
2. The Slab/LRU reclaim ratio is affected because the frequency the shrinkers
are called is now different. This may or may not be a problem but if it
is, it'll be because shrinkers are not called enough and some balancing
is required.
3. The anon/file reclaim ratio may be affected. Pages about to be dirtied are
distributed between zones and the fair zone allocation policy used to do
something very similar for anon. The distribution is now different but not
necessarily in any way that matters but it's still worth bearing in mind.
Documentation/cgroup-v1/memcg_test.txt | 4 +-
Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt | 4 +-
arch/s390/appldata/appldata_mem.c | 2 +-
arch/tile/mm/pgtable.c | 18 +-
drivers/base/node.c | 73 +--
drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c | 12 +-
fs/fs-writeback.c | 4 +-
fs/fuse/file.c | 8 +-
fs/nfs/internal.h | 2 +-
fs/nfs/write.c | 2 +-
fs/proc/meminfo.c | 14 +-
include/linux/backing-dev.h | 2 +-
include/linux/memcontrol.h | 30 +-
include/linux/mm_inline.h | 2 +-
include/linux/mm_types.h | 2 +-
include/linux/mmzone.h | 157 +++---
include/linux/swap.h | 15 +-
include/linux/topology.h | 2 +-
include/linux/vm_event_item.h | 14 +-
include/linux/vmstat.h | 111 +++-
include/linux/writeback.h | 2 +-
include/trace/events/vmscan.h | 40 +-
include/trace/events/writeback.h | 10 +-
kernel/power/snapshot.c | 10 +-
kernel/sysctl.c | 4 +-
mm/backing-dev.c | 15 +-
mm/compaction.c | 39 +-
mm/filemap.c | 14 +-
mm/huge_memory.c | 33 +-
mm/internal.h | 11 +-
mm/memcontrol.c | 235 ++++-----
mm/memory-failure.c | 4 +-
mm/memory_hotplug.c | 7 +-
mm/mempolicy.c | 2 +-
mm/migrate.c | 35 +-
mm/mlock.c | 12 +-
mm/page-writeback.c | 124 +++--
mm/page_alloc.c | 271 +++++-----
mm/page_idle.c | 4 +-
mm/rmap.c | 15 +-
mm/shmem.c | 12 +-
mm/swap.c | 66 +--
mm/swap_state.c | 4 +-
mm/util.c | 4 +-
mm/vmscan.c | 829 +++++++++++++++---------------
mm/vmstat.c | 374 +++++++++++---
mm/workingset.c | 52 +-
47 files changed, 1489 insertions(+), 1217 deletions(-)
--
2.6.4
next reply other threads:[~2016-06-09 18:05 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 70+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2016-06-09 18:04 Mel Gorman [this message]
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 01/27] mm, vmstat: Add infrastructure for per-node vmstats Mel Gorman
2016-06-10 13:31 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-10 13:47 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-13 17:26 ` Christoph Lameter
2016-06-14 14:25 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 02/27] mm, vmscan: Move lru_lock to the node Mel Gorman
2016-06-10 16:39 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-10 17:48 ` Peter Zijlstra
2016-06-14 14:41 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 03/27] mm, vmscan: Move LRU lists to node Mel Gorman
2016-06-10 18:00 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 04/27] mm, vmscan: Begin reclaiming pages on a per-node basis Mel Gorman
2016-06-15 12:52 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 05/27] mm, vmscan: Have kswapd only scan based on the highest requested zone Mel Gorman
2016-06-15 13:13 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-16 7:44 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 06/27] mm, vmscan: Make kswapd reclaim in terms of nodes Mel Gorman
2016-06-15 14:23 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 07/27] mm, vmscan: Remove balance gap Mel Gorman
2016-06-15 14:28 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 08/27] mm, vmscan: Simplify the logic deciding whether kswapd sleeps Mel Gorman
2016-06-15 15:18 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-16 8:30 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 9:16 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 09/27] mm, vmscan: By default have direct reclaim only shrink once per node Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 8:59 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 10/27] mm, vmscan: Clear congestion, dirty and need for compaction on a per-node basis Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 9:29 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-16 10:29 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 11/27] mm: vmscan: Do not reclaim from kswapd if there is any eligible zone Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 10:08 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 12/27] mm, vmscan: Make shrink_node decisions more node-centric Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 13:35 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-16 14:47 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 13/27] mm, memcg: Move memcg limit enforcement from zones to nodes Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 15:06 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-16 15:53 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 14/27] mm, workingset: Make working set detection node-aware Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 15:13 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-16 15:56 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 15/27] mm, page_alloc: Consider dirtyable memory in terms of nodes Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 15:45 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 16/27] mm: Move page mapped accounting to the node Mel Gorman
2016-06-16 15:52 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-16 16:04 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 17/27] mm: Rename NR_ANON_PAGES to NR_ANON_MAPPED Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 8:28 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 18/27] mm: Move most file-based accounting to the node Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 8:35 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 19/27] mm: Move vmscan writes and file write " Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 8:51 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 20/27] mm, vmscan: Update classzone_idx if buffer_heads_over_limit Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 8:53 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 21/27] mm, vmscan: Only wakeup kswapd once per node for the requested classzone Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 10:46 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-17 12:03 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 22/27] mm: Convert zone_reclaim to node_reclaim Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 10:55 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 23/27] mm, vmscan: Add classzone information to tracepoints Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 10:57 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 24/27] mm, page_alloc: Remove fair zone allocation policy Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 11:27 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-17 12:07 ` Mel Gorman
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 25/27] mm: page_alloc: Cache the last node whose dirty limit is reached Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 11:31 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 26/27] mm: vmstat: Replace __count_zone_vm_events with a zone id equivalent Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 11:36 ` Vlastimil Babka
2016-06-09 18:04 ` [PATCH 27/27] mm: vmstat: Account per-zone stalls and pages skipped during reclaim Mel Gorman
2016-06-17 12:39 ` Vlastimil Babka
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