[PATCH v5 08/30] KVM: Do compatibility checks on hotplugged CPUs

From: isaku.yamahata@intel.com
To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org,
	Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
	Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>, Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: isaku.yamahata@intel.com, isaku.yamahata@gmail.com,
	Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com>, Chao Gao <chao.gao@intel.com>,
	Atish Patra <atishp@atishpatra.org>,
	Shaokun Zhang <zhangshaokun@hisilicon.com>,
	Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>,
	Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>,
	Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>,
	Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
	Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>, Yuan Yao <yuan.yao@intel.com>
Subject: [PATCH v5 08/30] KVM: Do compatibility checks on hotplugged CPUs
Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2022 11:20:37 -0700	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <6505137f5dc96214ca55caae3b04230148c54460.1663869838.git.isaku.yamahata@intel.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <cover.1663869838.git.isaku.yamahata@intel.com>

From: Chao Gao <chao.gao@intel.com>

At init time, KVM does compatibility checks to ensure that all online
CPUs support hardware virtualization and a common set of features. But
KVM uses hotplugged CPUs without such compatibility checks. On Intel
CPUs, this leads to #GP if the hotplugged CPU doesn't support VMX or
vmentry failure if the hotplugged CPU doesn't meet minimal feature
requirements.

Do compatibility checks when onlining a CPU and abort the online process
if the hotplugged CPU is incompatible with online CPUs.

CPU hotplug is disabled during hardware_enable_all() to prevent the corner
case as shown below. A hotplugged CPU marks itself online in
cpu_online_mask (1) and enables interrupt (2) before invoking callbacks
registered in ONLINE section (3). So, if hardware_enable_all() is invoked
on another CPU right after (2), then on_each_cpu() in hardware_enable_all()
invokes hardware_enable_nolock() on the hotplugged CPU before
kvm_online_cpu() is called. This makes the CPU escape from compatibility
checks, which is risky.

	start_secondary { ...
		set_cpu_online(smp_processor_id(), true); <- 1
		...
		local_irq_enable();  <- 2
		...
		cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE); <- 3
	}

Keep compatibility checks at KVM init time. It can help to find
incompatibility issues earlier and refuse to load arch KVM module
(e.g., kvm-intel).

Loosen the WARN_ON in kvm_arch_check_processor_compat so that it
can be invoked from KVM's CPU hotplug callback (i.e., kvm_online_cpu).
Other arch doesn't depends on prohibiting of preemption because powerpc
has "strcmp(cur_cpu_spec->cpu_name, "model name")" and other arch has
"return 0".  Only x86 kvm_arch_check_processor_compat() has issue.

Opportunistically, add a pr_err() for setup_vmcs_config() path in
vmx_check_processor_compatibility() so that each possible error path has
its own error message. Convert printk(KERN_ERR ... to pr_err to please
checkpatch.pl

Signed-off-by: Chao Gao <chao.gao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220216031528.92558-7-chao.gao@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Isaku Yamahata <isaku.yamahata@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Yuan Yao <yuan.yao@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c | 10 ++++++----
 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c     | 11 +++++++++--
 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c    | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
index 4ad058dc9794..26f16e310869 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
@@ -7420,20 +7420,22 @@ static int vmx_check_processor_compatibility(void)
 {
 	struct vmcs_config vmcs_conf;
 	struct vmx_capability vmx_cap;
+	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 
 	if (!this_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_MSR_IA32_FEAT_CTL) ||
 	    !this_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_VMX)) {
-		pr_err("kvm: VMX is disabled on CPU %d\n", smp_processor_id());
+		pr_err("kvm: VMX is disabled on CPU %d\n", cpu);
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 
-	if (setup_vmcs_config(&vmcs_conf, &vmx_cap) < 0)
+	if (setup_vmcs_config(&vmcs_conf, &vmx_cap) < 0) {
+		pr_err("kvm: failed to setup vmcs config on CPU %d\n", cpu);
 		return -EIO;
+	}
 	if (nested)
 		nested_vmx_setup_ctls_msrs(&vmcs_conf.nested, vmx_cap.ept);
 	if (memcmp(&vmcs_config, &vmcs_conf, sizeof(struct vmcs_config)) != 0) {
-		printk(KERN_ERR "kvm: CPU %d feature inconsistency!\n",
-				smp_processor_id());
+		pr_err("kvm: CPU %d feature inconsistency!\n", cpu);
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 	return 0;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index 230812d6cbfd..f5ebb69996d5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -12030,9 +12030,16 @@ void kvm_arch_hardware_unsetup(void)
 
 int kvm_arch_check_processor_compat(void)
 {
-	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(smp_processor_id());
+	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu);
 
-	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+	/*
+	 * Compatibility checks are done when loading KVM or in KVM's CPU
+	 * hotplug callback. It ensures all online CPUs are compatible to run
+	 * vCPUs. For other cases, compatibility checks are unnecessary or
+	 * even problematic. Try to detect improper usages here.
+	 */
+	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled() && cpu_active(cpu));
 
 	if (__cr4_reserved_bits(cpu_has, c) !=
 	    __cr4_reserved_bits(cpu_has, &boot_cpu_data))
diff --git a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
index 1bb7038e1ecf..b1bf44af523c 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
@@ -5013,7 +5013,11 @@ static void hardware_enable_nolock(void *junk)
 
 static int kvm_online_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
 {
-	int ret = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = kvm_arch_check_processor_compat();
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
 
 	raw_spin_lock(&kvm_count_lock);
 	/*
@@ -5073,6 +5077,17 @@ static int hardware_enable_all(void)
 {
 	int r = 0;
 
+	/*
+	 * During onlining a CPU, cpu_online_mask is set before kvm_online_cpu()
+	 * is called. on_each_cpu() between them includes the CPU. As a result,
+	 * hardware_enable_nolock() may get invoked before kvm_online_cpu().
+	 * This would enable hardware virtualization on that cpu without
+	 * compatibility checks, which can potentially crash system or break
+	 * running VMs.
+	 *
+	 * Disable CPU hotplug to prevent this case from happening.
+	 */
+	cpus_read_lock();
 	raw_spin_lock(&kvm_count_lock);
 
 	kvm_usage_count++;
@@ -5087,6 +5102,7 @@ static int hardware_enable_all(void)
 	}
 
 	raw_spin_unlock(&kvm_count_lock);
+	cpus_read_unlock();
 
 	return r;
 }
-- 
2.25.1

