From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-7.5 required=3.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIMWL_WL_HIGH, DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS, MAILING_LIST_MULTI,NICE_REPLY_A,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,USER_AGENT_SANE_1 autolearn=no autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C5498C433DB for ; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:53:25 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 831F564E31 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:53:25 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S232535AbhCHDwu (ORCPT ); Sun, 7 Mar 2021 22:52:50 -0500 Received: from us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com ([216.205.24.124]:26641 "EHLO us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S232207AbhCHDwh (ORCPT ); Sun, 7 Mar 2021 22:52:37 -0500 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=redhat.com; s=mimecast20190719; t=1615175556; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=OP4kccBNuIaQsN5I0VY9ytv90sErY1jOtk/EQYsNhVw=; b=b5OOPBzyN8p7odKe6mxwr3hjl7SZpUB/mUl77ZfmQGD5QDTaUSOmSB4zd9HtCgYmtO4Pm+ 7L/SY5QFvIbate9Es8X+fK5580Y7hprMy/oKjpeH5MPJRYmCf7+Wpb640Pi4MF5wk9WuCO YMSoe99ygYV5HBhbhMaZKIslaWBmfwU= Received: from mimecast-mx01.redhat.com (mimecast-mx01.redhat.com [209.132.183.4]) (Using TLS) by relay.mimecast.com with ESMTP id us-mta-255-LG240a0FP0C59yQxi0CucA-1; Sun, 07 Mar 2021 22:52:34 -0500 X-MC-Unique: LG240a0FP0C59yQxi0CucA-1 Received: from smtp.corp.redhat.com (int-mx02.intmail.prod.int.phx2.redhat.com [10.5.11.12]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AECDH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mimecast-mx01.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 6E7A781431C; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:32 +0000 (UTC) Received: from wangxiaodeMacBook-Air.local (ovpn-13-193.pek2.redhat.com [10.72.13.193]) by smtp.corp.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 18D5260BF1; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:19 +0000 (UTC) Subject: Re: [RFC v4 06/11] vduse: Implement an MMU-based IOMMU driver To: Yongji Xie Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" , Stefan Hajnoczi , Stefano Garzarella , Parav Pandit , Bob Liu , Christoph Hellwig , Randy Dunlap , Matthew Wilcox , viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk, Jens Axboe , bcrl@kvack.org, Jonathan Corbet , virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org, netdev@vger.kernel.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org, linux-aio@kvack.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org References: <20210223115048.435-1-xieyongji@bytedance.com> <20210223115048.435-7-xieyongji@bytedance.com> <573ab913-55ce-045a-478f-1200bd78cf7b@redhat.com> <4db35f8c-ee3a-90fb-8d14-5d6014b4f6fa@redhat.com> <2652f696-faf7-26eb-a8b2-c4cfe3aaed15@redhat.com> From: Jason Wang Message-ID: <0b671aef-f2b2-6162-f407-7ca5178dbebb@redhat.com> Date: Mon, 8 Mar 2021 11:52:18 +0800 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.16; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.8.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Language: en-GB X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.79 on 10.5.11.12 Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: netdev@vger.kernel.org On 2021/3/8 11:45 上午, Yongji Xie wrote: > On Mon, Mar 8, 2021 at 11:17 AM Jason Wang wrote: >> >> On 2021/3/5 3:59 下午, Yongji Xie wrote: >>> On Fri, Mar 5, 2021 at 3:27 PM Jason Wang wrote: >>>> On 2021/3/5 3:13 下午, Yongji Xie wrote: >>>>> On Fri, Mar 5, 2021 at 2:52 PM Jason Wang wrote: >>>>>> On 2021/3/5 2:15 下午, Yongji Xie wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>> Sorry if I've asked this before. >>>>>> >>>>>> But what's the reason for maintaing a dedicated IOTLB here? I think we >>>>>> could reuse vduse_dev->iommu since the device can not be used by both >>>>>> virtio and vhost in the same time or use vduse_iova_domain->iotlb for >>>>>> set_map(). >>>>>> >>>>>> The main difference between domain->iotlb and dev->iotlb is the way to >>>>>> deal with bounce buffer. In the domain->iotlb case, bounce buffer >>>>>> needs to be mapped each DMA transfer because we need to get the bounce >>>>>> pages by an IOVA during DMA unmapping. In the dev->iotlb case, bounce >>>>>> buffer only needs to be mapped once during initialization, which will >>>>>> be used to tell userspace how to do mmap(). >>>>>> >>>>>> Also, since vhost IOTLB support per mapping token (opauqe), can we use >>>>>> that instead of the bounce_pages *? >>>>>> >>>>>> Sorry, I didn't get you here. Which value do you mean to store in the >>>>>> opaque pointer？ >>>>>> >>>>>> So I would like to have a way to use a single IOTLB for manage all kinds >>>>>> of mappings. Two possible ideas: >>>>>> >>>>>> 1) map bounce page one by one in vduse_dev_map_page(), in >>>>>> VDUSE_IOTLB_GET_FD, try to merge the result if we had the same fd. Then >>>>>> for bounce pages, userspace still only need to map it once and we can >>>>>> maintain the actual mapping by storing the page or pa in the opaque >>>>>> field of IOTLB entry. >>>>>> >>>>>> Looks like userspace still needs to unmap the old region and map a new >>>>>> region (size is changed) with the fd in each VDUSE_IOTLB_GET_FD ioctl. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> I don't get here. Can you give an example? >>>>>> >>>>> For example, userspace needs to process two I/O requests (one page per >>>>> request). To process the first request, userspace uses >>>>> VDUSE_IOTLB_GET_FD ioctl to query the iova region (0 ~ 4096) and mmap >>>>> it. >>>> I think in this case we should let VDUSE_IOTLB_GET_FD return the maximum >>>> range as far as they are backed by the same fd. >>>> >>> But now the bounce page is mapped one by one. The second page (4096 ~ >>> 8192) might not be mapped when userspace is processing the first >>> request. So the maximum range is 0 ~ 4096 at that time. >>> >>> Thanks, >>> Yongji >> >> A question, if I read the code correctly, VDUSE_IOTLB_GET_FD will return >> the whole bounce map range which is setup in vduse_dev_map_page()? So my >> understanding is that usersapce may choose to map all its range via mmap(). >> > Yes. > >> So if we 'map' bounce page one by one in vduse_dev_map_page(). (Here >> 'map' means using multiple itree entries instead of a single one). Then >> in the VDUSE_IOTLB_GET_FD we can keep traversing itree (dev->iommu) >> until the range is backed by a different file. >> >> With this, there's no userspace visible changes and there's no need for >> the domain->iotlb? >> > In this case, I wonder what range can be obtained if userspace calls > VDUSE_IOTLB_GET_FD when the first I/O (e.g. 4K) occurs. [0, 4K] or [0, > 64M]? In current implementation, userspace will map [0, 64M]. It should still be [0, 64M). Do you see any issue? Thanks > > Thanks, > Yongji > From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-5.1 required=3.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIM_INVALID, DKIM_SIGNED,HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS,MAILING_LIST_MULTI,NICE_REPLY_A, SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,URIBL_BLOCKED,USER_AGENT_SANE_1 autolearn=no autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id CF9A7C433E0 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:42 +0000 (UTC) Received: from smtp4.osuosl.org (smtp4.osuosl.org [140.211.166.137]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4227964E31 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:42 +0000 (UTC) DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.3.2 mail.kernel.org 4227964E31 Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=fail (p=none dis=none) header.from=redhat.com Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=virtualization-bounces@lists.linux-foundation.org Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by smtp4.osuosl.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id E50DC4EB7C; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:41 +0000 (UTC) X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at osuosl.org Received: from smtp4.osuosl.org ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (smtp4.osuosl.org [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id Kx-zMsLpMDmY; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:40 +0000 (UTC) Received: from lists.linuxfoundation.org (lf-lists.osuosl.org [140.211.9.56]) by smtp4.osuosl.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1F6044E818; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:40 +0000 (UTC) Received: from lf-lists.osuosl.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by lists.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id C62E1C000B; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:39 +0000 (UTC) Received: from smtp1.osuosl.org (smtp1.osuosl.org [IPv6:2605:bc80:3010::138]) by lists.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 15154C0001 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:39 +0000 (UTC) Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by smtp1.osuosl.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F14FC839E6 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:38 +0000 (UTC) X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at osuosl.org Authentication-Results: smtp1.osuosl.org (amavisd-new); dkim=pass (1024-bit key) header.d=redhat.com Received: from smtp1.osuosl.org ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (smtp1.osuosl.org [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id LMudgsAVh4c2 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:37 +0000 (UTC) X-Greylist: domain auto-whitelisted by SQLgrey-1.8.0 Received: from us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com (us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com [216.205.24.124]) by smtp1.osuosl.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id AFB15839D8 for ; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:37 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=redhat.com; s=mimecast20190719; t=1615175556; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=OP4kccBNuIaQsN5I0VY9ytv90sErY1jOtk/EQYsNhVw=; b=b5OOPBzyN8p7odKe6mxwr3hjl7SZpUB/mUl77ZfmQGD5QDTaUSOmSB4zd9HtCgYmtO4Pm+ 7L/SY5QFvIbate9Es8X+fK5580Y7hprMy/oKjpeH5MPJRYmCf7+Wpb640Pi4MF5wk9WuCO YMSoe99ygYV5HBhbhMaZKIslaWBmfwU= Received: from mimecast-mx01.redhat.com (mimecast-mx01.redhat.com [209.132.183.4]) (Using TLS) by relay.mimecast.com with ESMTP id us-mta-255-LG240a0FP0C59yQxi0CucA-1; Sun, 07 Mar 2021 22:52:34 -0500 X-MC-Unique: LG240a0FP0C59yQxi0CucA-1 Received: from smtp.corp.redhat.com (int-mx02.intmail.prod.int.phx2.redhat.com [10.5.11.12]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AECDH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mimecast-mx01.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 6E7A781431C; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:32 +0000 (UTC) Received: from wangxiaodeMacBook-Air.local (ovpn-13-193.pek2.redhat.com [10.72.13.193]) by smtp.corp.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 18D5260BF1; Mon, 8 Mar 2021 03:52:19 +0000 (UTC) Subject: Re: [RFC v4 06/11] vduse: Implement an MMU-based IOMMU driver To: Yongji Xie References: <20210223115048.435-1-xieyongji@bytedance.com> <20210223115048.435-7-xieyongji@bytedance.com> <573ab913-55ce-045a-478f-1200bd78cf7b@redhat.com> <4db35f8c-ee3a-90fb-8d14-5d6014b4f6fa@redhat.com> <2652f696-faf7-26eb-a8b2-c4cfe3aaed15@redhat.com> From: Jason Wang Message-ID: <0b671aef-f2b2-6162-f407-7ca5178dbebb@redhat.com> Date: Mon, 8 Mar 2021 11:52:18 +0800 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.16; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/78.8.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Language: en-GB X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.79 on 10.5.11.12 Cc: Jens Axboe , Jonathan Corbet , kvm@vger.kernel.org, "Michael S. Tsirkin" , linux-aio@kvack.org, netdev@vger.kernel.org, Randy Dunlap , Matthew Wilcox , virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org, Christoph Hellwig , Bob Liu , bcrl@kvack.org, viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk, Stefan Hajnoczi , linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org X-BeenThere: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: Linux virtualization List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"; Format="flowed" Errors-To: virtualization-bounces@lists.linux-foundation.org Sender: "Virtualization" Ck9uIDIwMjEvMy84IDExOjQ1IOS4iuWNiCwgWW9uZ2ppIFhpZSB3cm90ZToKPiBPbiBNb24sIE1h ciA4LCAyMDIxIGF0IDExOjE3IEFNIEphc29uIFdhbmcgPGphc293YW5nQHJlZGhhdC5jb20+IHdy b3RlOgo+Pgo+PiBPbiAyMDIxLzMvNSAzOjU5IOS4i+WNiCwgWW9uZ2ppIFhpZSB3cm90ZToKPj4+ IE9uIEZyaSwgTWFyIDUsIDIwMjEgYXQgMzoyNyBQTSBKYXNvbiBXYW5nIDxqYXNvd2FuZ0ByZWRo YXQuY29tPiB3cm90ZToKPj4+PiBPbiAyMDIxLzMvNSAzOjEzIOS4i+WNiCwgWW9uZ2ppIFhpZSB3 cm90ZToKPj4+Pj4gT24gRnJpLCBNYXIgNSwgMjAyMSBhdCAyOjUyIFBNIEphc29uIFdhbmcgPGph c293YW5nQHJlZGhhdC5jb20+IHdyb3RlOgo+Pj4+Pj4gT24gMjAyMS8zLzUgMjoxNSDkuIvljYgs IFlvbmdqaSBYaWUgd3JvdGU6Cj4+Pj4+Pgo+Pj4+Pj4gU29ycnkgaWYgSSd2ZSBhc2tlZCB0aGlz IGJlZm9yZS4KPj4+Pj4+Cj4+Pj4+PiBCdXQgd2hhdCdzIHRoZSByZWFzb24gZm9yIG1haW50YWlu ZyBhIGRlZGljYXRlZCBJT1RMQiBoZXJlPyBJIHRoaW5rIHdlCj4+Pj4+PiBjb3VsZCByZXVzZSB2 ZHVzZV9kZXYtPmlvbW11IHNpbmNlIHRoZSBkZXZpY2UgY2FuIG5vdCBiZSB1c2VkIGJ5IGJvdGgK Pj4+Pj4+IHZpcnRpbyBhbmQgdmhvc3QgaW4gdGhlIHNhbWUgdGltZSBvciB1c2UgdmR1c2VfaW92 YV9kb21haW4tPmlvdGxiIGZvcgo+Pj4+Pj4gc2V0X21hcCgpLgo+Pj4+Pj4KPj4+Pj4+IFRoZSBt YWluIGRpZmZlcmVuY2UgYmV0d2VlbiBkb21haW4tPmlvdGxiIGFuZCBkZXYtPmlvdGxiIGlzIHRo ZSB3YXkgdG8KPj4+Pj4+IGRlYWwgd2l0aCBib3VuY2UgYnVmZmVyLiBJbiB0aGUgZG9tYWluLT5p b3RsYiBjYXNlLCBib3VuY2UgYnVmZmVyCj4+Pj4+PiBuZWVkcyB0byBiZSBtYXBwZWQgZWFjaCBE TUEgdHJhbnNmZXIgYmVjYXVzZSB3ZSBuZWVkIHRvIGdldCB0aGUgYm91bmNlCj4+Pj4+PiBwYWdl cyBieSBhbiBJT1ZBIGR1cmluZyBETUEgdW5tYXBwaW5nLiBJbiB0aGUgZGV2LT5pb3RsYiBjYXNl LCBib3VuY2UKPj4+Pj4+IGJ1ZmZlciBvbmx5IG5lZWRzIHRvIGJlIG1hcHBlZCBvbmNlIGR1cmlu ZyBpbml0aWFsaXphdGlvbiwgd2hpY2ggd2lsbAo+Pj4+Pj4gYmUgdXNlZCB0byB0ZWxsIHVzZXJz cGFjZSBob3cgdG8gZG8gbW1hcCgpLgo+Pj4+Pj4KPj4+Pj4+IEFsc28sIHNpbmNlIHZob3N0IElP VExCIHN1cHBvcnQgcGVyIG1hcHBpbmcgdG9rZW4gKG9wYXVxZSksIGNhbiB3ZSB1c2UKPj4+Pj4+ IHRoYXQgaW5zdGVhZCBvZiB0aGUgYm91bmNlX3BhZ2VzICo/Cj4+Pj4+Pgo+Pj4+Pj4gU29ycnks IEkgZGlkbid0IGdldCB5b3UgaGVyZS4gV2hpY2ggdmFsdWUgZG8geW91IG1lYW4gdG8gc3RvcmUg aW4gdGhlCj4+Pj4+PiBvcGFxdWUgcG9pbnRlcu+8nwo+Pj4+Pj4KPj4+Pj4+IFNvIEkgd291bGQg bGlrZSB0byBoYXZlIGEgd2F5IHRvIHVzZSBhIHNpbmdsZSBJT1RMQiBmb3IgbWFuYWdlIGFsbCBr aW5kcwo+Pj4+Pj4gb2YgbWFwcGluZ3MuIFR3byBwb3NzaWJsZSBpZGVhczoKPj4+Pj4+Cj4+Pj4+ PiAxKSBtYXAgYm91bmNlIHBhZ2Ugb25lIGJ5IG9uZSBpbiB2ZHVzZV9kZXZfbWFwX3BhZ2UoKSwg aW4KPj4+Pj4+IFZEVVNFX0lPVExCX0dFVF9GRCwgdHJ5IHRvIG1lcmdlIHRoZSByZXN1bHQgaWYg d2UgaGFkIHRoZSBzYW1lIGZkLiBUaGVuCj4+Pj4+PiBmb3IgYm91bmNlIHBhZ2VzLCB1c2Vyc3Bh Y2Ugc3RpbGwgb25seSBuZWVkIHRvIG1hcCBpdCBvbmNlIGFuZCB3ZSBjYW4KPj4+Pj4+IG1haW50 YWluIHRoZSBhY3R1YWwgbWFwcGluZyBieSBzdG9yaW5nIHRoZSBwYWdlIG9yIHBhIGluIHRoZSBv cGFxdWUKPj4+Pj4+IGZpZWxkIG9mIElPVExCIGVudHJ5Lgo+Pj4+Pj4KPj4+Pj4+IExvb2tzIGxp a2UgdXNlcnNwYWNlIHN0aWxsIG5lZWRzIHRvIHVubWFwIHRoZSBvbGQgcmVnaW9uIGFuZCBtYXAg YSBuZXcKPj4+Pj4+IHJlZ2lvbiAoc2l6ZSBpcyBjaGFuZ2VkKSB3aXRoIHRoZSBmZCBpbiBlYWNo IFZEVVNFX0lPVExCX0dFVF9GRCBpb2N0bC4KPj4+Pj4+Cj4+Pj4+Pgo+Pj4+Pj4gSSBkb24ndCBn ZXQgaGVyZS4gQ2FuIHlvdSBnaXZlIGFuIGV4YW1wbGU/Cj4+Pj4+Pgo+Pj4+PiBGb3IgZXhhbXBs ZSwgdXNlcnNwYWNlIG5lZWRzIHRvIHByb2Nlc3MgdHdvIEkvTyByZXF1ZXN0cyAob25lIHBhZ2Ug cGVyCj4+Pj4+IHJlcXVlc3QpLiBUbyBwcm9jZXNzIHRoZSBmaXJzdCByZXF1ZXN0LCB1c2Vyc3Bh Y2UgdXNlcwo+Pj4+PiBWRFVTRV9JT1RMQl9HRVRfRkQgaW9jdGwgdG8gcXVlcnkgdGhlIGlvdmEg cmVnaW9uICgwIH4gNDA5NikgYW5kIG1tYXAKPj4+Pj4gaXQuCj4+Pj4gSSB0aGluayBpbiB0aGlz IGNhc2Ugd2Ugc2hvdWxkIGxldCBWRFVTRV9JT1RMQl9HRVRfRkQgcmV0dXJuIHRoZSBtYXhpbXVt Cj4+Pj4gcmFuZ2UgYXMgZmFyIGFzIHRoZXkgYXJlIGJhY2tlZCBieSB0aGUgc2FtZSBmZC4KPj4+ Pgo+Pj4gQnV0IG5vdyB0aGUgYm91bmNlIHBhZ2UgaXMgbWFwcGVkIG9uZSBieSBvbmUuIFRoZSBz ZWNvbmQgcGFnZSAoNDA5NiB+Cj4+PiA4MTkyKSBtaWdodCBub3QgYmUgbWFwcGVkIHdoZW4gdXNl cnNwYWNlIGlzIHByb2Nlc3NpbmcgdGhlIGZpcnN0Cj4+PiByZXF1ZXN0LiBTbyB0aGUgbWF4aW11 bSByYW5nZSBpcyAwIH4gNDA5NiBhdCB0aGF0IHRpbWUuCj4+Pgo+Pj4gVGhhbmtzLAo+Pj4gWW9u Z2ppCj4+Cj4+IEEgcXVlc3Rpb24sIGlmIEkgcmVhZCB0aGUgY29kZSBjb3JyZWN0bHksIFZEVVNF X0lPVExCX0dFVF9GRCB3aWxsIHJldHVybgo+PiB0aGUgd2hvbGUgYm91bmNlIG1hcCByYW5nZSB3 aGljaCBpcyBzZXR1cCBpbiB2ZHVzZV9kZXZfbWFwX3BhZ2UoKT8gU28gbXkKPj4gdW5kZXJzdGFu ZGluZyBpcyB0aGF0IHVzZXJzYXBjZSBtYXkgY2hvb3NlIHRvIG1hcCBhbGwgaXRzIHJhbmdlIHZp YSBtbWFwKCkuCj4+Cj4gWWVzLgo+Cj4+IFNvIGlmIHdlICdtYXAnIGJvdW5jZSBwYWdlIG9uZSBi eSBvbmUgaW4gdmR1c2VfZGV2X21hcF9wYWdlKCkuIChIZXJlCj4+ICdtYXAnIG1lYW5zIHVzaW5n IG11bHRpcGxlIGl0cmVlIGVudHJpZXMgaW5zdGVhZCBvZiBhIHNpbmdsZSBvbmUpLiBUaGVuCj4+ IGluIHRoZSBWRFVTRV9JT1RMQl9HRVRfRkQgd2UgY2FuIGtlZXAgdHJhdmVyc2luZyBpdHJlZSAo ZGV2LT5pb21tdSkKPj4gdW50aWwgdGhlIHJhbmdlIGlzIGJhY2tlZCBieSBhIGRpZmZlcmVudCBm aWxlLgo+Pgo+PiBXaXRoIHRoaXMsIHRoZXJlJ3Mgbm8gdXNlcnNwYWNlIHZpc2libGUgY2hhbmdl cyBhbmQgdGhlcmUncyBubyBuZWVkIGZvcgo+PiB0aGUgZG9tYWluLT5pb3RsYj8KPj4KPiBJbiB0 aGlzIGNhc2UsIEkgd29uZGVyIHdoYXQgcmFuZ2UgY2FuIGJlIG9idGFpbmVkIGlmIHVzZXJzcGFj ZSBjYWxscwo+IFZEVVNFX0lPVExCX0dFVF9GRCB3aGVuIHRoZSBmaXJzdCBJL08gKGUuZy4gNEsp IG9jY3Vycy4gWzAsIDRLXSBvciBbMCwKPiA2NE1dPyBJbiBjdXJyZW50IGltcGxlbWVudGF0aW9u LCB1c2Vyc3BhY2Ugd2lsbCBtYXAgWzAsIDY0TV0uCgoKSXQgc2hvdWxkIHN0aWxsIGJlIFswLCA2 NE0pLiBEbyB5b3Ugc2VlIGFueSBpc3N1ZT8KClRoYW5rcwoKCj4KPiBUaGFua3MsCj4gWW9uZ2pp Cj4KCl9fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fClZpcnR1 YWxpemF0aW9uIG1haWxpbmcgbGlzdApWaXJ0dWFsaXphdGlvbkBsaXN0cy5saW51eC1mb3VuZGF0 aW9uLm9yZwpodHRwczovL2xpc3RzLmxpbnV4Zm91bmRhdGlvbi5vcmcvbWFpbG1hbi9saXN0aW5m by92aXJ0dWFsaXphdGlvbg==