From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 From: catalin.marinas@arm.com (Catalin Marinas) Date: Tue, 13 Sep 2016 18:46:34 +0100 Subject: [PATCH v3 4/7] arm64: Disable TTBR0_EL1 during normal kernel execution In-Reply-To: <1473788797-10879-1-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com> References: <1473788797-10879-1-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com> Message-ID: <1473788797-10879-5-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com> To: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org List-Id: linux-arm-kernel.lists.infradead.org When the TTBR0 PAN feature is enabled, the kernel entry points need to disable access to TTBR0_EL1. The PAN status of the interrupted context is stored as part of the saved pstate, reusing the PSR_PAN_BIT (22). Restoring access to TTBR0_PAN is done on exception return if returning to user or returning to a context where PAN was disabled. Context switching via switch_mm() must defer the update of TTBR0_EL1 until a return to user or an explicit uaccess_enable() call. Special care needs to be taken for two cases where TTBR0_EL1 is set outside the normal kernel context switch operation: EFI run-time services (via efi_set_pgd) and CPU suspend (via cpu_(un)install_idmap). Code has been added to avoid deferred TTBR0_EL1 switching as in switch_mm() and restore the reserved TTBR0_EL1 when uninstalling the special TTBR0_EL1. This patch also removes a stale comment on the switch_mm() function. Cc: Will Deacon Cc: James Morse Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Mark Rutland Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas --- arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h | 26 +++++++++++++- arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h | 51 +++++++++++++++++++-------- arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h | 2 ++ arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c | 9 +++++ arch/arm64/mm/context.c | 7 +++- 6 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h index a9e54aad15ef..3a405dccb6cf 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ #ifndef _ASM_EFI_H #define _ASM_EFI_H +#include #include #include #include @@ -75,7 +76,30 @@ static inline void efifb_setup_from_dmi(struct screen_info *si, const char *opt) static inline void efi_set_pgd(struct mm_struct *mm) { - switch_mm(NULL, mm, NULL); + __switch_mm(mm); + + if (system_uses_ttbr0_pan()) { + if (mm != current->active_mm) { + /* + * Update the current thread's saved ttbr0 since it is + * restored as part of a return from exception. Set + * the hardware TTBR0_EL1 using cpu_switch_mm() + * directly to enable potential errata workarounds. + */ + update_saved_ttbr0(current, mm); + cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm); + } else { + /* + * Defer the switch to the current thread's TTBR0_EL1 + * until uaccess_enable(). Restore the current + * thread's saved ttbr0 corresponding to its active_mm + * (if different from init_mm). + */ + cpu_set_reserved_ttbr0(); + if (current->active_mm != &init_mm) + update_saved_ttbr0(current, current->active_mm); + } + } } void efi_virtmap_load(void); diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h index b1892a0dbcb0..da0ecca8353c 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ #include #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ static inline void cpu_uninstall_idmap(void) local_flush_tlb_all(); cpu_set_default_tcr_t0sz(); - if (mm != &init_mm) + if (mm != &init_mm && !system_uses_ttbr0_pan()) cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm); } @@ -173,20 +174,26 @@ enter_lazy_tlb(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *tsk) { } -/* - * This is the actual mm switch as far as the scheduler - * is concerned. No registers are touched. We avoid - * calling the CPU specific function when the mm hasn't - * actually changed. - */ -static inline void -switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next, - struct task_struct *tsk) +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN +static inline void update_saved_ttbr0(struct task_struct *tsk, + struct mm_struct *mm) { - unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); + if (system_uses_ttbr0_pan()) { + BUG_ON(mm->pgd == swapper_pg_dir); + task_thread_info(tsk)->ttbr0 = + virt_to_phys(mm->pgd) | ASID(mm) << 48; + } +} +#else +static inline void update_saved_ttbr0(struct task_struct *tsk, + struct mm_struct *mm) +{ +} +#endif - if (prev == next) - return; +static inline void __switch_mm(struct mm_struct *next) +{ + unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); /* * init_mm.pgd does not contain any user mappings and it is always @@ -200,8 +207,24 @@ switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next, check_and_switch_context(next, cpu); } +static inline void +switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next, + struct task_struct *tsk) +{ + if (prev != next) + __switch_mm(next); + + /* + * Update the saved TTBR0_EL1 of the scheduled-in task as the previous + * value may have not been initialised yet (activate_mm caller) or the + * ASID has changed since the last run (following the context switch + * of another thread of the same process). + */ + update_saved_ttbr0(tsk, next); +} + #define deactivate_mm(tsk,mm) do { } while (0) -#define activate_mm(prev,next) switch_mm(prev, next, NULL) +#define activate_mm(prev,next) switch_mm(prev, next, current) void verify_cpu_asid_bits(void); diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h index ada08b5b036d..458773ac5ec9 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ #include +#define _PSR_PAN_BIT 22 + /* Current Exception Level values, as contained in CurrentEL */ #define CurrentEL_EL1 (1 << 2) #define CurrentEL_EL2 (2 << 2) diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S index be1e3987c07a..2bbb5756f621 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S @@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include +#include #include /* @@ -109,6 +111,34 @@ mrs x22, elr_el1 mrs x23, spsr_el1 stp lr, x21, [sp, #S_LR] + +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN + /* + * Set the TTBR0 PAN bit in SPSR. When the exception is taken from + * EL0, there is no need to check the state of TTBR0_EL1 since + * accesses are always enabled. + * Note that the meaning of this bit differs from the ARMv8.1 PAN + * feature as all TTBR0_EL1 accesses are disabled, not just those to + * user mappings. + */ +alternative_if_not ARM64_HAS_PAN + nop +alternative_else + b 1f // skip TTBR0 PAN +alternative_endif + + .if \el != 0 + mrs x21, ttbr0_el1 + tst x21, #0xffff << 48 // Check for the reserved ASID + orr x23, x23, #PSR_PAN_BIT // Set the emulated PAN in the saved SPSR + b.eq 1f // TTBR0 access already disabled + and x23, x23, #~PSR_PAN_BIT // Clear the emulated PAN in the saved SPSR + .endif + + uaccess_ttbr0_disable x21 +1: +#endif + stp x22, x23, [sp, #S_PC] /* @@ -147,6 +177,42 @@ ldp x21, x22, [sp, #S_PC] // load ELR, SPSR .if \el == 0 ct_user_enter + .endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN + /* + * Restore access to TTBR0_EL1. If returning to EL0, no need for SPSR + * PAN bit checking. + */ +alternative_if_not ARM64_HAS_PAN + nop +alternative_else + b 2f // skip TTBR0 PAN +alternative_endif + + .if \el != 0 + tbnz x22, #_PSR_PAN_BIT, 1f // Skip re-enabling TTBR0 access if previously disabled + .endif + + uaccess_ttbr0_enable x0 + + .if \el == 0 + /* + * Enable errata workarounds only if returning to user. The only + * workaround currently required for TTBR0_EL1 changes are for the + * Cavium erratum 27456 (broadcast TLBI instructions may cause I-cache + * corruption). + */ + post_ttbr0_update_workaround + .endif +1: + .if \el != 0 + and x22, x22, #~PSR_PAN_BIT // ARMv8.0 CPUs do not understand this bit + .endif +2: +#endif + + .if \el == 0 ldr x23, [sp, #S_SP] // load return stack pointer msr sp_el0, x23 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_ERRATUM_845719 @@ -168,6 +234,7 @@ alternative_else alternative_endif #endif .endif + msr elr_el1, x21 // set up the return data msr spsr_el1, x22 ldp x0, x1, [sp, #16 * 0] diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c index 536dce22fe76..59b900d42cec 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c @@ -286,6 +286,15 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) smp_init_cpus(); smp_build_mpidr_hash(); +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN + /* + * Make sure init_thread_info.ttbr0 always generates translation + * faults in case uaccess_enable() is inadvertently called by the init + * thread. + */ + init_thread_info.ttbr0 = virt_to_phys(empty_zero_page); +#endif + #ifdef CONFIG_VT #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE) conswitchp = &vga_con; diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/context.c b/arch/arm64/mm/context.c index efcf1f7ef1e4..4c63cb154859 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/mm/context.c +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/context.c @@ -221,7 +221,12 @@ void check_and_switch_context(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned int cpu) raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_asid_lock, flags); switch_mm_fastpath: - cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm); + /* + * Defer TTBR0_EL1 setting for user threads to uaccess_enable() when + * emulating PAN. + */ + if (!system_uses_ttbr0_pan()) + cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm); } static int asids_init(void) From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Reply-To: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com From: Catalin Marinas Date: Tue, 13 Sep 2016 18:46:34 +0100 Message-Id: <1473788797-10879-5-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com> In-Reply-To: <1473788797-10879-1-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com> References: <1473788797-10879-1-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com> Subject: [kernel-hardening] [PATCH v3 4/7] arm64: Disable TTBR0_EL1 during normal kernel execution To: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: Will Deacon , James Morse , Kees Cook , Mark Rutland , Ard Biesheuvel , AKASHI Takahiro , kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com List-ID: When the TTBR0 PAN feature is enabled, the kernel entry points need to disable access to TTBR0_EL1. The PAN status of the interrupted context is stored as part of the saved pstate, reusing the PSR_PAN_BIT (22). Restoring access to TTBR0_PAN is done on exception return if returning to user or returning to a context where PAN was disabled. Context switching via switch_mm() must defer the update of TTBR0_EL1 until a return to user or an explicit uaccess_enable() call. Special care needs to be taken for two cases where TTBR0_EL1 is set outside the normal kernel context switch operation: EFI run-time services (via efi_set_pgd) and CPU suspend (via cpu_(un)install_idmap). Code has been added to avoid deferred TTBR0_EL1 switching as in switch_mm() and restore the reserved TTBR0_EL1 when uninstalling the special TTBR0_EL1. This patch also removes a stale comment on the switch_mm() function. Cc: Will Deacon Cc: James Morse Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Mark Rutland Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas --- arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h | 26 +++++++++++++- arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h | 51 +++++++++++++++++++-------- arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h | 2 ++ arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c | 9 +++++ arch/arm64/mm/context.c | 7 +++- 6 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h index a9e54aad15ef..3a405dccb6cf 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/efi.h @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ #ifndef _ASM_EFI_H #define _ASM_EFI_H +#include #include #include #include @@ -75,7 +76,30 @@ static inline void efifb_setup_from_dmi(struct screen_info *si, const char *opt) static inline void efi_set_pgd(struct mm_struct *mm) { - switch_mm(NULL, mm, NULL); + __switch_mm(mm); + + if (system_uses_ttbr0_pan()) { + if (mm != current->active_mm) { + /* + * Update the current thread's saved ttbr0 since it is + * restored as part of a return from exception. Set + * the hardware TTBR0_EL1 using cpu_switch_mm() + * directly to enable potential errata workarounds. + */ + update_saved_ttbr0(current, mm); + cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm); + } else { + /* + * Defer the switch to the current thread's TTBR0_EL1 + * until uaccess_enable(). Restore the current + * thread's saved ttbr0 corresponding to its active_mm + * (if different from init_mm). + */ + cpu_set_reserved_ttbr0(); + if (current->active_mm != &init_mm) + update_saved_ttbr0(current, current->active_mm); + } + } } void efi_virtmap_load(void); diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h index b1892a0dbcb0..da0ecca8353c 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/mmu_context.h @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ #include #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ static inline void cpu_uninstall_idmap(void) local_flush_tlb_all(); cpu_set_default_tcr_t0sz(); - if (mm != &init_mm) + if (mm != &init_mm && !system_uses_ttbr0_pan()) cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm); } @@ -173,20 +174,26 @@ enter_lazy_tlb(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *tsk) { } -/* - * This is the actual mm switch as far as the scheduler - * is concerned. No registers are touched. We avoid - * calling the CPU specific function when the mm hasn't - * actually changed. - */ -static inline void -switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next, - struct task_struct *tsk) +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN +static inline void update_saved_ttbr0(struct task_struct *tsk, + struct mm_struct *mm) { - unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); + if (system_uses_ttbr0_pan()) { + BUG_ON(mm->pgd == swapper_pg_dir); + task_thread_info(tsk)->ttbr0 = + virt_to_phys(mm->pgd) | ASID(mm) << 48; + } +} +#else +static inline void update_saved_ttbr0(struct task_struct *tsk, + struct mm_struct *mm) +{ +} +#endif - if (prev == next) - return; +static inline void __switch_mm(struct mm_struct *next) +{ + unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id(); /* * init_mm.pgd does not contain any user mappings and it is always @@ -200,8 +207,24 @@ switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next, check_and_switch_context(next, cpu); } +static inline void +switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next, + struct task_struct *tsk) +{ + if (prev != next) + __switch_mm(next); + + /* + * Update the saved TTBR0_EL1 of the scheduled-in task as the previous + * value may have not been initialised yet (activate_mm caller) or the + * ASID has changed since the last run (following the context switch + * of another thread of the same process). + */ + update_saved_ttbr0(tsk, next); +} + #define deactivate_mm(tsk,mm) do { } while (0) -#define activate_mm(prev,next) switch_mm(prev, next, NULL) +#define activate_mm(prev,next) switch_mm(prev, next, current) void verify_cpu_asid_bits(void); diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h index ada08b5b036d..458773ac5ec9 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ #include +#define _PSR_PAN_BIT 22 + /* Current Exception Level values, as contained in CurrentEL */ #define CurrentEL_EL1 (1 << 2) #define CurrentEL_EL2 (2 << 2) diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S index be1e3987c07a..2bbb5756f621 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S @@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include +#include #include /* @@ -109,6 +111,34 @@ mrs x22, elr_el1 mrs x23, spsr_el1 stp lr, x21, [sp, #S_LR] + +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN + /* + * Set the TTBR0 PAN bit in SPSR. When the exception is taken from + * EL0, there is no need to check the state of TTBR0_EL1 since + * accesses are always enabled. + * Note that the meaning of this bit differs from the ARMv8.1 PAN + * feature as all TTBR0_EL1 accesses are disabled, not just those to + * user mappings. + */ +alternative_if_not ARM64_HAS_PAN + nop +alternative_else + b 1f // skip TTBR0 PAN +alternative_endif + + .if \el != 0 + mrs x21, ttbr0_el1 + tst x21, #0xffff << 48 // Check for the reserved ASID + orr x23, x23, #PSR_PAN_BIT // Set the emulated PAN in the saved SPSR + b.eq 1f // TTBR0 access already disabled + and x23, x23, #~PSR_PAN_BIT // Clear the emulated PAN in the saved SPSR + .endif + + uaccess_ttbr0_disable x21 +1: +#endif + stp x22, x23, [sp, #S_PC] /* @@ -147,6 +177,42 @@ ldp x21, x22, [sp, #S_PC] // load ELR, SPSR .if \el == 0 ct_user_enter + .endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN + /* + * Restore access to TTBR0_EL1. If returning to EL0, no need for SPSR + * PAN bit checking. + */ +alternative_if_not ARM64_HAS_PAN + nop +alternative_else + b 2f // skip TTBR0 PAN +alternative_endif + + .if \el != 0 + tbnz x22, #_PSR_PAN_BIT, 1f // Skip re-enabling TTBR0 access if previously disabled + .endif + + uaccess_ttbr0_enable x0 + + .if \el == 0 + /* + * Enable errata workarounds only if returning to user. The only + * workaround currently required for TTBR0_EL1 changes are for the + * Cavium erratum 27456 (broadcast TLBI instructions may cause I-cache + * corruption). + */ + post_ttbr0_update_workaround + .endif +1: + .if \el != 0 + and x22, x22, #~PSR_PAN_BIT // ARMv8.0 CPUs do not understand this bit + .endif +2: +#endif + + .if \el == 0 ldr x23, [sp, #S_SP] // load return stack pointer msr sp_el0, x23 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_ERRATUM_845719 @@ -168,6 +234,7 @@ alternative_else alternative_endif #endif .endif + msr elr_el1, x21 // set up the return data msr spsr_el1, x22 ldp x0, x1, [sp, #16 * 0] diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c index 536dce22fe76..59b900d42cec 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c @@ -286,6 +286,15 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) smp_init_cpus(); smp_build_mpidr_hash(); +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN + /* + * Make sure init_thread_info.ttbr0 always generates translation + * faults in case uaccess_enable() is inadvertently called by the init + * thread. + */ + init_thread_info.ttbr0 = virt_to_phys(empty_zero_page); +#endif + #ifdef CONFIG_VT #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE) conswitchp = &vga_con; diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/context.c b/arch/arm64/mm/context.c index efcf1f7ef1e4..4c63cb154859 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/mm/context.c +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/context.c @@ -221,7 +221,12 @@ void check_and_switch_context(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned int cpu) raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_asid_lock, flags); switch_mm_fastpath: - cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm); + /* + * Defer TTBR0_EL1 setting for user threads to uaccess_enable() when + * emulating PAN. + */ + if (!system_uses_ttbr0_pan()) + cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm); } static int asids_init(void)