* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11
@ 2017-01-14 8:50 Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 1/5] rcu: Design documentation for expedited grace periods Paul E. McKenney
` (5 more replies)
0 siblings, 6 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-01-14 8:50 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, dvhart, fweisbec,
oleg, bobby.prani
Hello!
This series provides documentation updates:
1. Add Design documentation for expedited grace periods.
2. Fix RCU requirements typos, courtesy of Tetsuo Handa.
3. doc: Update control-dependencies section of memory-barriers.txt.
4. Update data-structures documentation to note that quick-quiz
answers are now inline.
5. Add rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads to kernel-parameters.txt.
Thanx, Paul
------------------------------------------------------------------------
RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html | 5
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg | 830 ++++++++++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpSchedFlow.svg | 826 +++++++++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html | 626 +++++++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel0.svg | 275 +++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel1.svg | 275 +++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel2.svg | 287 +++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel3.svg | 323 +++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel4.svg | 323 +++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel5.svg | 335 ++++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel6.svg | 335 ++++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel7.svg | 347 ++++
RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel8.svg | 311 +++
RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html | 12
admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 7
memory-barriers.txt | 70
16 files changed, 5145 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 1/5] rcu: Design documentation for expedited grace periods
2017-01-14 8:50 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Paul E. McKenney
@ 2017-01-14 8:55 ` Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 2/5] doc: Fix RCU requirements typos Paul E. McKenney
` (4 subsequent siblings)
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-01-14 8:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, dvhart, fweisbec,
oleg, bobby.prani, Paul E. McKenney
This commit adds design documentation for expedited grace periods.
This documentation is in HTML rather than the new documentation
format because (1) I have prototype documentation already in HTML,
and (2) Attempting to learn the new documentation format while
creating the design documentation seems likely to result in neither
happening in a timely fashion.
Once the design documentation is complete, we can start a conversion effort.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
.../Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg | 830 +++++++++++++++++++++
.../Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpSchedFlow.svg | 826 ++++++++++++++++++++
.../Expedited-Grace-Periods.html | 626 ++++++++++++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel0.svg | 275 +++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel1.svg | 275 +++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel2.svg | 287 +++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel3.svg | 323 ++++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel4.svg | 323 ++++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel5.svg | 335 +++++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel6.svg | 335 +++++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel7.svg | 347 +++++++++
.../RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel8.svg | 311 ++++++++
12 files changed, 5093 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpSchedFlow.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel0.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel1.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel2.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel3.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel4.svg
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create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel6.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel7.svg
create mode 100644 Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel8.svg
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7c6c90bd02c9
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diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7a3194c5559a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+ <html>
+ <head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Expedited Grace Periods</title>
+ <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+
+<h2>Introduction</h2>
+
+This document describes RCU's expedited grace periods.
+Unlike RCU's normal grace periods, which accept long latencies to attain
+high efficiency and minimal disturbance, expedited grace periods accept
+lower efficiency and significant disturbance to attain shorter latencies.
+
+<p>
+There are three flavors of RCU (RCU-bh, RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched),
+but only two flavors of expedited grace periods because the RCU-bh
+expedited grace period maps onto the RCU-sched expedited grace period.
+Each of the remaining two implementations is covered in its own section.
+
+<ol>
+<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period Design">
+ Expedited Grace Period Design</a>
+<li> <a href="#RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods">
+ RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods</a>
+<li> <a href="#RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods">
+ RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods</a>
+<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug">
+ Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug</a>
+<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period Refinements">
+ Expedited Grace Period Refinements</a>
+</ol>
+
+<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period Design">
+Expedited Grace Period Design</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The expedited RCU grace periods cannot be accused of being subtle,
+given that they for all intents and purposes hammer every CPU that
+has not yet provided a quiescent state for the current expedited
+grace period.
+The one saving grace is that the hammer has grown a bit smaller
+over time: The old call to <tt>try_stop_cpus()</tt> has been
+replaced with a set of calls to <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt>,
+each of which results in an IPI to the target CPU.
+The corresponding handler function checks the CPU's state, motivating
+a faster quiescent state where possible, and triggering a report
+of that quiescent state.
+As always for RCU, once everything has spent some time in a quiescent
+state, the expedited grace period has completed.
+
+<p>
+The details of the <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt> handler's
+operation depend on the RCU flavor, as described in the following
+sections.
+
+<h2><a name="RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods">
+RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-preempt
+expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram:
+
+<p><img src="ExpRCUFlow.svg" alt="ExpRCUFlow.svg" width="55%">
+
+<p>
+The solid arrows denote direct action, for example, a function call.
+The dotted arrows denote indirect action, for example, an IPI
+or a state that is reached after some time.
+
+<p>
+If a given CPU is offline or idle, <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>
+will ignore it because idle and offline CPUs are already residing
+in quiescent states.
+Otherwise, the expedited grace period will use
+<tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt> to send the CPU an IPI, which
+is handled by <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>.
+
+<p>
+However, because this is preemptible RCU, <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>
+can check to see if the CPU is currently running in an RCU read-side
+critical section.
+If not, the handler can immediately report a quiescent state.
+Otherwise, it sets flags so that the outermost <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>
+invocation will provide the needed quiescent-state report.
+This flag-setting avoids the previous forced preemption of all
+CPUs that might have RCU read-side critical sections.
+In addition, this flag-setting is done so as to avoid increasing
+the overhead of the common-case fastpath through the scheduler.
+
+<p>
+Again because this is preemptible RCU, an RCU read-side critical section
+can be preempted.
+When that happens, RCU will enqueue the task, which will the continue to
+block the current expedited grace period until it resumes and finds its
+outermost <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>.
+The CPU will report a quiescent state just after enqueuing the task because
+the CPU is no longer blocking the grace period.
+It is instead the preempted task doing the blocking.
+The list of blocked tasks is managed by <tt>rcu_preempt_ctxt_queue()</tt>,
+which is called from <tt>rcu_preempt_note_context_switch()</tt>, which
+in turn is called from <tt>rcu_note_context_switch()</tt>, which in
+turn is called from the scheduler.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ Why not just have the expedited grace period check the
+ state of all the CPUs?
+ After all, that would avoid all those real-time-unfriendly IPIs.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Because we want the RCU read-side critical sections to run fast,
+ which means no memory barriers.
+ Therefore, it is not possible to safely check the state from some
+ other CPU.
+ And even if it was possible to safely check the state, it would
+ still be necessary to IPI the CPU to safely interact with the
+ upcoming <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> invocation, which means that
+ the remote state testing would not help the worst-case
+ latency that real-time applications care about.
+
+ <p><font color="ffffff">One way to prevent your real-time
+ application from getting hit with these IPIs is to
+ build your kernel with <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y</tt>.
+ RCU would then perceive the CPU running your application
+ as being idle, and it would be able to safely detect that
+ state without needing to IPI the CPU.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Please note that this is just the overall flow:
+Additional complications can arise due to races with CPUs going idle
+or offline, among other things.
+
+<h2><a name="RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods">
+RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-sched
+expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram:
+
+<p><img src="ExpSchedFlow.svg" alt="ExpSchedFlow.svg" width="55%">
+
+<p>
+As with RCU-preempt's <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>,
+<tt>synchronize_sched_expedited()</tt> ignores offline and
+idle CPUs, again because they are in remotely detectable
+quiescent states.
+However, the <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt> handler
+is <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt>, and because the
+<tt>rcu_read_lock_sched()</tt> and <tt>rcu_read_unlock_sched()</tt>
+leave no trace of their invocation, in general it is not possible to tell
+whether or not the current CPU is in an RCU read-side critical section.
+The best that <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> can do is to check
+for idle, on the off-chance that the CPU went idle while the IPI
+was in flight.
+If the CPU is idle, then tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> reports
+the quiescent state.
+
+<p>
+Otherwise, the handler invokes <tt>resched_cpu()</tt>, which forces
+a future context switch.
+At the time of the context switch, the CPU reports the quiescent state.
+Should the CPU go offline first, it will report the quiescent state
+at that time.
+
+<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug">
+Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The expedited nature of expedited grace periods require a much tighter
+interaction with CPU hotplug operations than is required for normal
+grace periods.
+In addition, attempting to IPI offline CPUs will result in splats, but
+failing to IPI online CPUs can result in too-short grace periods.
+Neither option is acceptable in production kernels.
+
+<p>
+The interaction between expedited grace periods and CPU hotplug operations
+is carried out at several levels:
+
+<ol>
+<li> The number of CPUs that have ever been online is tracked
+ by the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus</tt>
+ field.
+ The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus_snap</tt>
+ field tracks the number of CPUs that have ever been online
+ at the beginning of an RCU expedited grace period.
+ Note that this number never decreases, at least in the absence
+ of a time machine.
+<li> The identities of the CPUs that have ever been online is
+ tracked by the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+ <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt> field.
+ The <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt>
+ field tracks the identities of the CPUs that were online
+ at least once at the beginning of the most recent RCU
+ expedited grace period.
+ The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus</tt> and
+ <tt>->ncpus_snap</tt> fields are used to detect when
+ new CPUs have come online for the first time, that is,
+ when the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt>
+ field has changed since the beginning of the last RCU
+ expedited grace period, which triggers an update of each
+ <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt>
+ field from its <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt> field.
+<li> Each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt>
+ field is used to initialize that structure's
+ <tt>->expmask</tt> at the beginning of each RCU
+ expedited grace period.
+ This means that only those CPUs that have been online at least
+ once will be considered for a given grace period.
+<li> Any CPU that goes offline will clear its bit in its leaf
+ <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->qsmaskinitnext</tt>
+ field, so any CPU with that bit clear can safely be ignored.
+ However, it is possible for a CPU coming online or going offline
+ to have this bit set for some time while <tt>cpu_online</tt>
+ returns <tt>false</tt>.
+<li> For each non-idle CPU that RCU believes is currently online, the grace
+ period invokes <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt>.
+ If this succeeds, the CPU was fully online.
+ Failure indicates that the CPU is in the process of coming online
+ or going offline, in which case it is necessary to wait for a
+ short time period and try again.
+ The purpose of this wait (or series of waits, as the case may be)
+ is to permit a concurrent CPU-hotplug operation to complete.
+<li> In the case of RCU-sched, one of the last acts of an outgoing CPU
+ is to invoke <tt>rcu_report_dead()</tt>, which
+ reports a quiescent state for that CPU.
+ However, this is likely paranoia-induced redundancy. <!-- @@@ -->
+</ol>
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ Why all the dancing around with multiple counters and masks
+ tracking CPUs that were once online?
+ Why not just have a single set of masks tracking the currently
+ online CPUs and be done with it?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Maintaining single set of masks tracking the online CPUs <i>sounds</i>
+ easier, at least until you try working out all the race conditions
+ between grace-period initialization and CPU-hotplug operations.
+ For example, suppose initialization is progressing down the
+ tree while a CPU-offline operation is progressing up the tree.
+ This situation can result in bits set at the top of the tree
+ that have no counterparts at the bottom of the tree.
+ Those bits will never be cleared, which will result in
+ grace-period hangs.
+ In short, that way lies madness, to say nothing of a great many
+ bugs, hangs, and deadlocks.
+
+ <p><font color="ffffff">
+ In contrast, the current multi-mask multi-counter scheme ensures
+ that grace-period initialization will always see consistent masks
+ up and down the tree, which brings significant simplifications
+ over the single-mask method.
+
+ <p><font color="ffffff">
+ This is an instance of
+ <a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~library/TR-repository/reports/reports-1992/cucs-039-92.ps.gz"><font color="ffffff">
+ deferring work in order to avoid synchronization</a>.
+ Lazily recording CPU-hotplug events at the beginning of the next
+ grace period greatly simplifies maintenance of the CPU-tracking
+ bitmasks in the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period Refinements">
+Expedited Grace Period Refinements</a></h2>
+
+<ol>
+<li> <a href="#Idle-CPU Checks">Idle-CPU checks</a>.
+<li> <a href="#Batching via Sequence Counter">
+ Batching via sequence counter</a>.
+<li> <a href="#Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup">
+ Funnel locking and wait/wakeup</a>.
+<li> <a href="#Use of Workqueues">Use of Workqueues</a>.
+<li> <a href="#Stall Warnings">Stall warnings</a>.
+</ol>
+
+<h3><a name="Idle-CPU Checks">Idle-CPU Checks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Each expedited grace period checks for idle CPUs when initially forming
+the mask of CPUs to be IPIed and again just before IPIing a CPU
+(both checks are carried out by <tt>sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus()</tt>).
+If the CPU is idle at any time between those two times, the CPU will
+not be IPIed.
+Instead, the task pushing the grace period forward will include the
+idle CPUs in the mask passed to <tt>rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult()</tt>.
+
+<p>
+For RCU-sched, there is an additional check for idle in the IPI
+handler, <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt>.
+If the IPI has interrupted the idle loop, then
+<tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> invokes <tt>rcu_report_exp_rdp()</tt>
+to report the corresponding quiescent state.
+
+<p>
+For RCU-preempt, there is no specific check for idle in the
+IPI handler (<tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>), but because
+RCU read-side critical sections are not permitted within the
+idle loop, if <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt> sees that the CPU is within
+RCU read-side critical section, the CPU cannot possibly be idle.
+Otherwise, <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt> invokes
+<tt>rcu_report_exp_rdp()</tt> to report the corresponding quiescent
+state, regardless of whether or not that quiescent state was due to
+the CPU being idle.
+
+<p>
+In summary, RCU expedited grace periods check for idle when building
+the bitmask of CPUs that must be IPIed, just before sending each IPI,
+and (either explicitly or implicitly) within the IPI handler.
+
+<h3><a name="Batching via Sequence Counter">
+Batching via Sequence Counter</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+If each grace-period request was carried out separately, expedited
+grace periods would have abysmal scalability and
+problematic high-load characteristics.
+Because each grace-period operation can serve an unlimited number of
+updates, it is important to <i>batch</i> requests, so that a single
+expedited grace-period operation will cover all requests in the
+corresponding batch.
+
+<p>
+This batching is controlled by a sequence counter named
+<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> in the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure.
+This counter has an odd value when there is an expedited grace period
+in progress and an even value otherwise, so that dividing the counter
+value by two gives the number of completed grace periods.
+During any given update request, the counter must transition from
+even to odd and then back to even, thus indicating that a grace
+period has elapsed.
+Therefore, if the initial value of the counter is <tt>s</tt>,
+the updater must wait until the counter reaches at least the
+value <tt>(s+3)&~0x1</tt>.
+This counter is managed by the following access functions:
+
+<ol>
+<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_start()</tt>, which marks the start of
+ an expedited grace period.
+<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_end()</tt>, which marks the end of an
+ expedited grace period.
+<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap()</tt>, which obtains a snapshot of
+ the counter.
+<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_done()</tt>, which returns <tt>true</tt>
+ if a full expedited grace period has elapsed since the
+ corresponding call to <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap()</tt>.
+</ol>
+
+<p>
+Again, only one request in a given batch need actually carry out
+a grace-period operation, which means there must be an efficient
+way to identify which of many concurrent reqeusts will initiate
+the grace period, and that there be an efficient way for the
+remaining requests to wait for that grace period to complete.
+However, that is the topic of the next section.
+
+<h3><a name="Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup">
+Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The natural way to sort out which of a batch of updaters will initiate
+the expedited grace period is to use the <tt>rcu_node</tt> combining
+tree, as implemented by the <tt>exp_funnel_lock()</tt> function.
+The first updater corresponding to a given grace period arriving
+at a given <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure records its desired grace-period
+sequence number in the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field and moves up
+to the next level in the tree.
+Otherwise, if the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field already contains
+the sequence number for the desired grace period or some later one,
+the updater blocks on one of four wait queues in the
+<tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array, using the second-from-bottom
+and third-from bottom bits as an index.
+An <tt>->exp_lock</tt> field in the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure
+synchronizes access to these fields.
+
+<p>
+An empty <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree is shown in the following diagram,
+with the white cells representing the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field
+and the red cells representing the elements of the
+<tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array.
+
+<p><img src="Funnel0.svg" alt="Funnel0.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+The next diagram shows the situation after the arrival of Task A
+and Task B at the leftmost and rightmost leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structures, respectively.
+The current value of the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
+<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> field is zero, so adding three and
+clearing the bottom bit results in the value two, which both tasks
+record in the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field of their respective
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> structures:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel1.svg" alt="Funnel1.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Each of Tasks A and B will move up to the root
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
+Suppose that Task A wins, recording its desired grace-period sequence
+number and resulting in the state shown below:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel2.svg" alt="Funnel2.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Task A now advances to initiate a new grace period, while Task B
+moves up to the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, and, seeing that
+its desired sequence number is already recorded, blocks on
+<tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ Why <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>?
+ Given that the value of these tasks' desired sequence number is
+ two, so shouldn't they instead block on <tt>->exp_wq[2]</tt>?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ No.
+
+ <p><font color="ffffff">
+ Recall that the bottom bit of the desired sequence number indicates
+ whether or not a grace period is currently in progress.
+ It is therefore necessary to shift the sequence number right one
+ bit position to obtain the number of the grace period.
+ This results in <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+If Tasks C and D also arrive at this point, they will compute the
+same desired grace-period sequence number, and see that both leaf
+<tt>rcu_node</tt> structures already have that value recorded.
+They will therefore block on their respective <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structures' <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt> fields, as shown below:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel3.svg" alt="Funnel3.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Task A now acquires the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
+<tt>->exp_mutex</tt> and initiates the grace period, which
+increments <tt>->expedited_sequence</tt>.
+Therefore, if Tasks E and F arrive, they will compute
+a desired sequence number of 4 and will record this value as
+shown below:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel4.svg" alt="Funnel4.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Tasks E and F will propagate up the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+combining tree, with Task F blocking on the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>
+structure and Task E wait for Task A to finish so that
+it can start the next grace period.
+The resulting state is as shown below:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel5.svg" alt="Funnel5.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Once the grace period completes, Task A
+starts waking up the tasks waiting for this grace period to complete,
+increments the <tt>->expedited_sequence</tt>,
+acquires the <tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt> and then releases the
+<tt>->exp_mutex</tt>.
+This results in the following state:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel6.svg" alt="Funnel6.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Task E can then acquire <tt>->exp_mutex</tt> and increment
+<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> to the value three.
+If new tasks G and H arrive and moves up the combining tree at the
+same time, the state will be as follows:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel7.svg" alt="Funnel7.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Note that three of the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
+waitqueues are now occupied.
+However, at some point, Task A will wake up the
+tasks blocked on the <tt>->exp_wq</tt> waitqueues, resulting
+in the following state:
+
+<p><img src="Funnel8.svg" alt="Funnel8.svg" width="75%">
+
+<p>
+Execution will continue with Tasks E and H completing
+their grace periods and carrying out their wakeups.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ What happens if Task A takes so long to do its wakeups
+ that Task E's grace period completes?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Then Task E will block on the <tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt>,
+ which will also prevent it from releasing <tt>->exp_mutex</tt>,
+ which in turn will prevent the next grace period from starting.
+ This last is important in preventing overflow of the
+ <tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3><a name="Use of Workqueues">Use of Workqueues</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+In earlier implementations, the task requesting the expedited
+grace period also drove it to completion.
+This straightforward approach had the disadvantage of needing to
+account for signals sent to user tasks,
+so more recent implemementations use the Linux kernel's
+<a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/workqueue.txt">workqueues</a>.
+
+<p>
+The requesting task still does counter snapshotting and funnel-lock
+processing, but the task reaching the top of the funnel lock
+does a <tt>schedule_work()</tt> (from <tt>_synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>
+so that a workqueue kthread does the actual grace-period processing.
+Because workqueue kthreads do not accept signals, grace-period-wait
+processing need not allow for signals.
+
+In addition, this approach allows wakeups for the previous expedited
+grace period to be overlapped with processing for the next expedited
+grace period.
+Because there are only four sets of waitqueues, it is necessary to
+ensure that the previous grace period's wakeups complete before the
+next grace period's wakeups start.
+This is handled by having the <tt>->exp_mutex</tt>
+guard expedited grace-period processing and the
+<tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt> guard wakeups.
+The key point is that the <tt>->exp_mutex</tt> is not released
+until the first wakeup is complete, which means that the
+<tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt> has already been acquired at that point.
+This approach ensures that the previous grace period's wakeups can
+be carried out while the current grace period is in process, but
+that these wakeups will complete before the next grace period starts.
+This means that only three waitqueues are required, guaranteeing that
+the four that are provided are sufficient.
+
+<h3><a name="Stall Warnings">Stall Warnings</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Expediting grace periods does nothing to speed things up when RCU
+readers take too long, and therefore expedited grace periods check
+for stalls just as normal grace periods do.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th> </th></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
+<tr><td>
+ But why not just let the normal grace-period machinery
+ detect the stalls, given that a given reader must block
+ both normal and expedited grace periods?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
+<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
+ Because it is quite possible that at a given time there
+ is no normal grace period in progress, in which case the
+ normal grace period cannot emit a stall warning.
+</font></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+The <tt>synchronize_sched_expedited_wait()</tt> function loops waiting
+for the expedited grace period to end, but with a timeout set to the
+current RCU CPU stall-warning time.
+If this time is exceeded, any CPUs or <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures
+blocking the current grace period are printed.
+Each stall warning results in another pass through the loop, but the
+second and subsequent passes use longer stall times.
+
+<h3><a name="Summary">
+Summary</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Expedited grace periods use a sequence-number approach to promote
+batching, so that a single grace-period operation can serve numerous
+requests.
+A funnel lock is used to efficiently identify the one task out of
+a concurrent group that will request the grace period.
+All members of the group will block on waitqueues provided in
+the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
+The actual grace-period processing is carried out by a workqueue.
+
+<p>
+CPU-hotplug operations are noted lazily in order to prevent the need
+for tight synchronization between expedited grace periods and
+CPU-hotplug operations.
+The dyntick-idle counters are used to avoid sending IPIs to idle CPUs,
+at least in the common case.
+RCU-preempt and RCU-sched use different IPI handlers and different
+code to respond to the state changes carried out by those handlers,
+but otherwise use common code.
+
+<p>
+Quiescent states are tracked using the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree,
+and once all necessary quiescent states have been reported,
+all tasks waiting on this expedited grace period are awakened.
+A pair of mutexes are used to allow one grace period's wakeups
+to proceed concurrently with the next grace period's processing.
+
+<p>
+This combination of mechanisms allows expedited grace periods to
+run reasonably efficiently.
+However, for non-time-critical tasks, normal grace periods should be
+used instead because their longer duration permits much higher
+degrees of batching, and thus much lower per-request overheads.
+
+</body></html>
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+ </g>
+</svg>
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 2/5] doc: Fix RCU requirements typos
2017-01-14 8:50 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 1/5] rcu: Design documentation for expedited grace periods Paul E. McKenney
@ 2017-01-14 8:55 ` Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 3/5] doc: Update control-dependencies section of memory-barriers.txt Paul E. McKenney
` (3 subsequent siblings)
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-01-14 8:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, dvhart, fweisbec,
oleg, bobby.prani, Tetsuo Handa, Paul E. McKenney
From: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html | 12 ++++++------
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
index 39bcb74ea733..21593496aca6 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html
@@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ speed-of-light delays if nothing else.
<p>
Furthermore, uncertainty about external state is inherent in many cases.
-For example, a pair of veternarians might use heartbeat to determine
+For example, a pair of veterinarians might use heartbeat to determine
whether or not a given cat was alive.
But how long should they wait after the last heartbeat to decide that
the cat is in fact dead?
@@ -1489,9 +1489,9 @@ mean that a relaxed cat would be considered to cycle between death
and life more than 100 times per minute.
Moreover, just as with human beings, a cat's heart might stop for
some period of time, so the exact wait period is a judgment call.
-One of our pair of veternarians might wait 30 seconds before pronouncing
+One of our pair of veterinarians might wait 30 seconds before pronouncing
the cat dead, while the other might insist on waiting a full minute.
-The two veternarians would then disagree on the state of the cat during
+The two veterinarians would then disagree on the state of the cat during
the final 30 seconds of the minute following the last heartbeat.
<p>
@@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ guard against mishaps and misuse:
<ol>
<li> It is all too easy to forget to use <tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt>
everywhere that it is needed, so kernels built with
- <tt>CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y</tt> will spat if
+ <tt>CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y</tt> will splat if
<tt>rcu_dereference()</tt> is used outside of an
RCU read-side critical section.
Update-side code can use <tt>rcu_dereference_protected()</tt>,
@@ -2421,7 +2421,7 @@ However, there are some restrictions on the code placed within
<li> Blocking is prohibited.
In practice, this is not a serious restriction given that idle
tasks are prohibited from blocking to begin with.
-<li> Although nesting <tt>RCU_NONIDLE()</tt> is permited, they cannot
+<li> Although nesting <tt>RCU_NONIDLE()</tt> is permitted, they cannot
nest indefinitely deeply.
However, given that they can be nested on the order of a million
deep, even on 32-bit systems, this should not be a serious
@@ -2885,7 +2885,7 @@ APIs for defining and initializing <tt>srcu_struct</tt> structures.
<h3><a name="Tasks RCU">Tasks RCU</a></h3>
<p>
-Some forms of tracing use “tramopolines” to handle the
+Some forms of tracing use “trampolines” to handle the
binary rewriting required to install different types of probes.
It would be good to be able to free old trampolines, which sounds
like a job for some form of RCU.
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 3/5] doc: Update control-dependencies section of memory-barriers.txt
2017-01-14 8:50 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 1/5] rcu: Design documentation for expedited grace periods Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 2/5] doc: Fix RCU requirements typos Paul E. McKenney
@ 2017-01-14 8:55 ` Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 4/5] doc: Quick-Quiz answers are now inline Paul E. McKenney
` (2 subsequent siblings)
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-01-14 8:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, dvhart, fweisbec,
oleg, bobby.prani, Paul E. McKenney
This commit adds consistency to examples, formatting, and a couple of
additional warnings.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------
1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
index ba818ecce6f9..d2b0a8d81258 100644
--- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
@@ -640,6 +640,10 @@ See also the subsection on "Cache Coherency" for a more thorough example.
CONTROL DEPENDENCIES
--------------------
+Control dependencies can be a bit tricky because current compilers do
+not understand them. The purpose of this section is to help you prevent
+the compiler's ignorance from breaking your code.
+
A load-load control dependency requires a full read memory barrier, not
simply a data dependency barrier to make it work correctly. Consider the
following bit of code:
@@ -667,14 +671,15 @@ for load-store control dependencies, as in the following example:
q = READ_ONCE(a);
if (q) {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
}
-Control dependencies pair normally with other types of barriers. That
-said, please note that READ_ONCE() is not optional! Without the
-READ_ONCE(), the compiler might combine the load from 'a' with other
-loads from 'a', and the store to 'b' with other stores to 'b', with
-possible highly counterintuitive effects on ordering.
+Control dependencies pair normally with other types of barriers.
+That said, please note that neither READ_ONCE() nor WRITE_ONCE()
+are optional! Without the READ_ONCE(), the compiler might combine the
+load from 'a' with other loads from 'a'. Without the WRITE_ONCE(),
+the compiler might combine the store to 'b' with other stores to 'b'.
+Either can result in highly counterintuitive effects on ordering.
Worse yet, if the compiler is able to prove (say) that the value of
variable 'a' is always non-zero, it would be well within its rights
@@ -682,7 +687,7 @@ to optimize the original example by eliminating the "if" statement
as follows:
q = a;
- b = p; /* BUG: Compiler and CPU can both reorder!!! */
+ b = 1; /* BUG: Compiler and CPU can both reorder!!! */
So don't leave out the READ_ONCE().
@@ -692,11 +697,11 @@ branches of the "if" statement as follows:
q = READ_ONCE(a);
if (q) {
barrier();
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
do_something();
} else {
barrier();
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
do_something_else();
}
@@ -705,12 +710,12 @@ optimization levels:
q = READ_ONCE(a);
barrier();
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p); /* BUG: No ordering vs. load from a!!! */
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); /* BUG: No ordering vs. load from a!!! */
if (q) {
- /* WRITE_ONCE(b, p); -- moved up, BUG!!! */
+ /* WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); -- moved up, BUG!!! */
do_something();
} else {
- /* WRITE_ONCE(b, p); -- moved up, BUG!!! */
+ /* WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); -- moved up, BUG!!! */
do_something_else();
}
@@ -723,10 +728,10 @@ memory barriers, for example, smp_store_release():
q = READ_ONCE(a);
if (q) {
- smp_store_release(&b, p);
+ smp_store_release(&b, 1);
do_something();
} else {
- smp_store_release(&b, p);
+ smp_store_release(&b, 1);
do_something_else();
}
@@ -735,10 +740,10 @@ ordering is guaranteed only when the stores differ, for example:
q = READ_ONCE(a);
if (q) {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
do_something();
} else {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, r);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 2);
do_something_else();
}
@@ -751,10 +756,10 @@ the needed conditional. For example:
q = READ_ONCE(a);
if (q % MAX) {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
do_something();
} else {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, r);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 2);
do_something_else();
}
@@ -763,7 +768,7 @@ equal to zero, in which case the compiler is within its rights to
transform the above code into the following:
q = READ_ONCE(a);
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
do_something_else();
Given this transformation, the CPU is not required to respect the ordering
@@ -776,10 +781,10 @@ one, perhaps as follows:
q = READ_ONCE(a);
BUILD_BUG_ON(MAX <= 1); /* Order load from a with store to b. */
if (q % MAX) {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
do_something();
} else {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, r);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 2);
do_something_else();
}
@@ -812,30 +817,28 @@ not necessarily apply to code following the if-statement:
q = READ_ONCE(a);
if (q) {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, p);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 1);
} else {
- WRITE_ONCE(b, r);
+ WRITE_ONCE(b, 2);
}
- WRITE_ONCE(c, 1); /* BUG: No ordering against the read from "a". */
+ WRITE_ONCE(c, 1); /* BUG: No ordering against the read from 'a'. */
It is tempting to argue that there in fact is ordering because the
compiler cannot reorder volatile accesses and also cannot reorder
-the writes to "b" with the condition. Unfortunately for this line
-of reasoning, the compiler might compile the two writes to "b" as
+the writes to 'b' with the condition. Unfortunately for this line
+of reasoning, the compiler might compile the two writes to 'b' as
conditional-move instructions, as in this fanciful pseudo-assembly
language:
ld r1,a
- ld r2,p
- ld r3,r
cmp r1,$0
- cmov,ne r4,r2
- cmov,eq r4,r3
+ cmov,ne r4,$1
+ cmov,eq r4,$2
st r4,b
st $1,c
A weakly ordered CPU would have no dependency of any sort between the load
-from "a" and the store to "c". The control dependencies would extend
+from 'a' and the store to 'c'. The control dependencies would extend
only to the pair of cmov instructions and the store depending on them.
In short, control dependencies apply only to the stores in the then-clause
and else-clause of the if-statement in question (including functions
@@ -843,7 +846,7 @@ invoked by those two clauses), not to code following that if-statement.
Finally, control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. This is
demonstrated by two related examples, with the initial values of
-x and y both being zero:
+'x' and 'y' both being zero:
CPU 0 CPU 1
======================= =======================
@@ -915,6 +918,9 @@ In summary:
(*) Control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. If you
need transitivity, use smp_mb().
+ (*) Compilers do not understand control dependencies. It is therefore
+ your job to ensure that they do not break your code.
+
SMP BARRIER PAIRING
-------------------
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 4/5] doc: Quick-Quiz answers are now inline
2017-01-14 8:50 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Paul E. McKenney
` (2 preceding siblings ...)
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 3/5] doc: Update control-dependencies section of memory-barriers.txt Paul E. McKenney
@ 2017-01-14 8:55 ` Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 5/5] doc: Add rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads to kernel-parameters.txt Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 20:45 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Josh Triplett
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-01-14 8:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, dvhart, fweisbec,
oleg, bobby.prani, Paul E. McKenney
Now that quick-quiz answers are inline, there is no separate section
containing those answers. This commit therefore removes the dangling
reference from the RCU data-structures design documentation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html | 5 +----
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
index 7eb47ac25ad7..d583c653a703 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Data Structures [LWN.net]</title>
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
- <p>January 27, 2016</p>
+ <p>December 18, 2016</p>
<p>This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney</p>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ to each other.
Accessor Functions</a>
</ol>
-At the end we have the
-<a href="#Answers to Quick Quizzes">answers to the quick quizzes</a>.
-
<h3><a name="Data-Structure Relationships">Data-Structure Relationships</a></h3>
<p>RCU is for all intents and purposes a large state machine, and its
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* [PATCH tip/core/rcu 5/5] doc: Add rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads to kernel-parameters.txt
2017-01-14 8:50 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Paul E. McKenney
` (3 preceding siblings ...)
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 4/5] doc: Quick-Quiz answers are now inline Paul E. McKenney
@ 2017-01-14 8:55 ` Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 20:45 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Josh Triplett
5 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-01-14 8:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: linux-kernel
Cc: mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm, mathieu.desnoyers, josh,
tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet, dvhart, fweisbec,
oleg, bobby.prani, Paul E. McKenney
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 7 +++++++
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index be7c0d9506b1..110745e7d61f 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -3278,6 +3278,13 @@
Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can
prove do nothing more than free memory.
+ rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads= [KNL]
+ Cause the grace-period kthread to get an extra
+ wake_up() if it sleeps three times longer than
+ it should at force-quiescent-state time.
+ This wake_up() will be accompanied by a
+ WARN_ONCE() splat and an ftrace_dump().
+
rcuperf.gp_exp= [KNL]
Measure performance of expedited synchronous
grace-period primitives.
--
2.5.2
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11
2017-01-14 8:50 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Paul E. McKenney
` (4 preceding siblings ...)
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 5/5] doc: Add rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads to kernel-parameters.txt Paul E. McKenney
@ 2017-01-14 20:45 ` Josh Triplett
2017-01-15 5:31 ` Paul E. McKenney
5 siblings, 1 reply; 8+ messages in thread
From: Josh Triplett @ 2017-01-14 20:45 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Paul E. McKenney
Cc: linux-kernel, mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm,
mathieu.desnoyers, tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet,
dvhart, fweisbec, oleg, bobby.prani
On Sat, Jan 14, 2017 at 12:50:32AM -0800, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> Hello!
>
> This series provides documentation updates:
>
> 1. Add Design documentation for expedited grace periods.
>
> 2. Fix RCU requirements typos, courtesy of Tetsuo Handa.
>
> 3. doc: Update control-dependencies section of memory-barriers.txt.
>
> 4. Update data-structures documentation to note that quick-quiz
> answers are now inline.
>
> 5. Add rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads to kernel-parameters.txt.
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
* Re: [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11
2017-01-14 20:45 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Josh Triplett
@ 2017-01-15 5:31 ` Paul E. McKenney
0 siblings, 0 replies; 8+ messages in thread
From: Paul E. McKenney @ 2017-01-15 5:31 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Josh Triplett
Cc: linux-kernel, mingo, jiangshanlai, dipankar, akpm,
mathieu.desnoyers, tglx, peterz, rostedt, dhowells, edumazet,
dvhart, fweisbec, oleg, bobby.prani
On Sat, Jan 14, 2017 at 12:45:08PM -0800, Josh Triplett wrote:
> On Sat, Jan 14, 2017 at 12:50:32AM -0800, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > Hello!
> >
> > This series provides documentation updates:
> >
> > 1. Add Design documentation for expedited grace periods.
> >
> > 2. Fix RCU requirements typos, courtesy of Tetsuo Handa.
> >
> > 3. doc: Update control-dependencies section of memory-barriers.txt.
> >
> > 4. Update data-structures documentation to note that quick-quiz
> > answers are now inline.
> >
> > 5. Add rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads to kernel-parameters.txt.
>
> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Applied, thank you!
Thanx, Paul
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 8+ messages in thread
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-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2017-01-14 8:50 [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 1/5] rcu: Design documentation for expedited grace periods Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 2/5] doc: Fix RCU requirements typos Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 3/5] doc: Update control-dependencies section of memory-barriers.txt Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 4/5] doc: Quick-Quiz answers are now inline Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 8:55 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 5/5] doc: Add rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads to kernel-parameters.txt Paul E. McKenney
2017-01-14 20:45 ` [PATCH tip/core/rcu 0/5] Documentation updates for 4.11 Josh Triplett
2017-01-15 5:31 ` Paul E. McKenney
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