[PATCH 00/15] v5 kernel core pieces refcount conversions

[PATCH 00/15] v5 kernel core pieces refcount conversions

[Elena Reshetova]

Note: this is just a fresh rebase on top of linux-next.
No functional changes.
 

Changes in v5:
 * Kees catched that the following changes in
   perf_event_context.refcount and futex_pi_state.refcount
   are not correct now when ARCH_HAS_REFCOUNT is enabled:
    -	WARN_ON(!atomic_inc_not_zero(refcount));
    +	refcount_inc(refcount);
   So they are now changed back to using refcount_inc_not_zero. 

Changes in v4:
 * just rebase and corrections on linux-next/master

Changes in v3:
 * SoB chain corrected
 * minor corrections based on v2 feedback
 * rebase on linux-next/master as of today

Changes in v2:
 * dropped already merged patches
 * rebase on top of linux-next/master
 * Now by default refcount_t = atomic_t (*) and uses all atomic
   standard operations unless CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL is enabled.
   This is a compromise for the systems that are critical on
   performance (such as net) and cannot accept even slight delay
   on the refcounter operations.

This series, for core kernel components, replaces atomic_t reference
counters with the new refcount_t type and API (see include/linux/refcount.h).
By doing this we prevent intentional or accidental
underflows or overflows that can led to use-after-free vulnerabilities.

The patches are fully independent and can be cherry-picked separately.
If there are no objections to the patches, please merge them via respective trees.


Elena Reshetova (15):
  sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t
  sched: convert signal_struct.sigcnt to refcount_t
  sched: convert user_struct.__count to refcount_t
  sched: convert numa_group.refcount to refcount_t
  sched/task_struct: convert task_struct.usage to refcount_t
  sched/task_struct: convert task_struct.stack_refcount to refcount_t
  perf: convert perf_event_context.refcount to refcount_t
  perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.refcount to refcount_t
  perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.aux_refcount to refcount_t
  uprobes: convert uprobe.ref to refcount_t
  nsproxy: convert nsproxy.count to refcount_t
  groups: convert group_info.usage to refcount_t
  creds: convert cred.usage to refcount_t
  kcov: convert kcov.refcount to refcount_t
  bdi: convert bdi_writeback_congested.refcnt from atomic_t to
    refcount_t

 fs/exec.c                        |  4 ++--
 fs/proc/task_nommu.c             |  2 +-
 include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h |  3 ++-
 include/linux/backing-dev.h      |  4 ++--
 include/linux/cred.h             | 13 ++++++------
 include/linux/init_task.h        |  7 +++---
 include/linux/nsproxy.h          |  6 +++---
 include/linux/perf_event.h       |  3 ++-
 include/linux/sched.h            |  5 +++--
 include/linux/sched/signal.h     |  5 +++--
 include/linux/sched/task.h       |  4 ++--
 include/linux/sched/task_stack.h |  2 +-
 include/linux/sched/user.h       |  5 +++--
 kernel/cred.c                    | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 kernel/events/core.c             | 18 ++++++++--------
 kernel/events/internal.h         |  5 +++--
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c      |  8 +++----
 kernel/events/uprobes.c          |  8 +++----
 kernel/fork.c                    | 24 ++++++++++-----------
 kernel/groups.c                  |  2 +-
 kernel/kcov.c                    |  9 ++++----
 kernel/nsproxy.c                 |  6 +++---
 kernel/sched/fair.c              | 12 +++++------
 kernel/user.c                    |  8 +++----
 mm/backing-dev.c                 | 14 ++++++------
 25 files changed, 117 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)

-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 00/15] v5 kernel core pieces refcount conversions

[Elena Reshetova]

Note: this is just a fresh rebase on top of linux-next.
No functional changes.
 

Changes in v5:
 * Kees catched that the following changes in
   perf_event_context.refcount and futex_pi_state.refcount
   are not correct now when ARCH_HAS_REFCOUNT is enabled:
    -	WARN_ON(!atomic_inc_not_zero(refcount));
    +	refcount_inc(refcount);
   So they are now changed back to using refcount_inc_not_zero. 

Changes in v4:
 * just rebase and corrections on linux-next/master

Changes in v3:
 * SoB chain corrected
 * minor corrections based on v2 feedback
 * rebase on linux-next/master as of today

Changes in v2:
 * dropped already merged patches
 * rebase on top of linux-next/master
 * Now by default refcount_t = atomic_t (*) and uses all atomic
   standard operations unless CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL is enabled.
   This is a compromise for the systems that are critical on
   performance (such as net) and cannot accept even slight delay
   on the refcounter operations.

This series, for core kernel components, replaces atomic_t reference
counters with the new refcount_t type and API (see include/linux/refcount.h).
By doing this we prevent intentional or accidental
underflows or overflows that can led to use-after-free vulnerabilities.

The patches are fully independent and can be cherry-picked separately.
If there are no objections to the patches, please merge them via respective trees.


Elena Reshetova (15):
  sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t
  sched: convert signal_struct.sigcnt to refcount_t
  sched: convert user_struct.__count to refcount_t
  sched: convert numa_group.refcount to refcount_t
  sched/task_struct: convert task_struct.usage to refcount_t
  sched/task_struct: convert task_struct.stack_refcount to refcount_t
  perf: convert perf_event_context.refcount to refcount_t
  perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.refcount to refcount_t
  perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.aux_refcount to refcount_t
  uprobes: convert uprobe.ref to refcount_t
  nsproxy: convert nsproxy.count to refcount_t
  groups: convert group_info.usage to refcount_t
  creds: convert cred.usage to refcount_t
  kcov: convert kcov.refcount to refcount_t
  bdi: convert bdi_writeback_congested.refcnt from atomic_t to
    refcount_t

 fs/exec.c                        |  4 ++--
 fs/proc/task_nommu.c             |  2 +-
 include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h |  3 ++-
 include/linux/backing-dev.h      |  4 ++--
 include/linux/cred.h             | 13 ++++++------
 include/linux/init_task.h        |  7 +++---
 include/linux/nsproxy.h          |  6 +++---
 include/linux/perf_event.h       |  3 ++-
 include/linux/sched.h            |  5 +++--
 include/linux/sched/signal.h     |  5 +++--
 include/linux/sched/task.h       |  4 ++--
 include/linux/sched/task_stack.h |  2 +-
 include/linux/sched/user.h       |  5 +++--
 kernel/cred.c                    | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 kernel/events/core.c             | 18 ++++++++--------
 kernel/events/internal.h         |  5 +++--
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c      |  8 +++----
 kernel/events/uprobes.c          |  8 +++----
 kernel/fork.c                    | 24 ++++++++++-----------
 kernel/groups.c                  |  2 +-
 kernel/kcov.c                    |  9 ++++----
 kernel/nsproxy.c                 |  6 +++---
 kernel/sched/fair.c              | 12 +++++------
 kernel/user.c                    |  8 +++----
 mm/backing-dev.c                 | 14 ++++++------
 25 files changed, 117 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)

-- 
2.7.4

--
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[PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable sighand_struct.count is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 fs/exec.c                    | 4 ++--
 fs/proc/task_nommu.c         | 2 +-
 include/linux/init_task.h    | 2 +-
 include/linux/sched/signal.h | 3 ++-
 kernel/fork.c                | 8 ++++----
 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/exec.c b/fs/exec.c
index 704e195..20dbd98 100644
--- a/fs/exec.c
+++ b/fs/exec.c
@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ static int de_thread(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	flush_itimer_signals();
 #endif
 
-	if (atomic_read(&oldsighand->count) != 1) {
+	if (refcount_read(&oldsighand->count) != 1) {
 		struct sighand_struct *newsighand;
 		/*
 		 * This ->sighand is shared with the CLONE_SIGHAND
@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ static int de_thread(struct task_struct *tsk)
 		if (!newsighand)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 
-		atomic_set(&newsighand->count, 1);
+		refcount_set(&newsighand->count, 1);
 		memcpy(newsighand->action, oldsighand->action,
 		       sizeof(newsighand->action));
 
diff --git a/fs/proc/task_nommu.c b/fs/proc/task_nommu.c
index bdb0d0d..ba680e5 100644
--- a/fs/proc/task_nommu.c
+++ b/fs/proc/task_nommu.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void task_mem(struct seq_file *m, struct mm_struct *mm)
 	else
 		bytes += kobjsize(current->files);
 
-	if (current->sighand && atomic_read(&current->sighand->count) > 1)
+	if (current->sighand && refcount_read(&current->sighand->count) > 1)
 		sbytes += kobjsize(current->sighand);
 	else
 		bytes += kobjsize(current->sighand);
diff --git a/include/linux/init_task.h b/include/linux/init_task.h
index cc45798..a85376e 100644
--- a/include/linux/init_task.h
+++ b/include/linux/init_task.h
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ extern struct fs_struct init_fs;
 extern struct nsproxy init_nsproxy;
 
 #define INIT_SIGHAND(sighand) {						\
-	.count		= ATOMIC_INIT(1), 				\
+	.count		= REFCOUNT_INIT(1), 				\
 	.action		= { { { .sa_handler = SIG_DFL, } }, },		\
 	.siglock	= __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(sighand.siglock),	\
 	.signalfd_wqh	= __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(sighand.signalfd_wqh),	\
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/signal.h b/include/linux/sched/signal.h
index c5c137e..b40fbf7 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/signal.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/signal.h
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
 #include <linux/sched/jobctl.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
 #include <linux/cred.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 
 /*
  * Types defining task->signal and task->sighand and APIs using them:
  */
 
 struct sighand_struct {
-	atomic_t		count;
+	refcount_t		count;
 	struct k_sigaction	action[_NSIG];
 	spinlock_t		siglock;
 	wait_queue_head_t	signalfd_wqh;
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 7fe10e5..ab4ddc9 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
 	struct sighand_struct *sig;
 
 	if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) {
-		atomic_inc(&current->sighand->count);
+		refcount_inc(&current->sighand->count);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	sig = kmem_cache_alloc(sighand_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -1389,14 +1389,14 @@ static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
 	if (!sig)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	atomic_set(&sig->count, 1);
+	refcount_set(&sig->count, 1);
 	memcpy(sig->action, current->sighand->action, sizeof(sig->action));
 	return 0;
 }
 
 void __cleanup_sighand(struct sighand_struct *sighand)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
 		signalfd_cleanup(sighand);
 		/*
 		 * sighand_cachep is SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU so we can free it
@@ -2301,7 +2301,7 @@ static int check_unshare_flags(unsigned long unshare_flags)
 			return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	if (unshare_flags & (CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_VM)) {
-		if (atomic_read(&current->sighand->count) > 1)
+		if (refcount_read(&current->sighand->count) > 1)
 			return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	if (unshare_flags & CLONE_VM) {
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable sighand_struct.count is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 fs/exec.c                    | 4 ++--
 fs/proc/task_nommu.c         | 2 +-
 include/linux/init_task.h    | 2 +-
 include/linux/sched/signal.h | 3 ++-
 kernel/fork.c                | 8 ++++----
 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/exec.c b/fs/exec.c
index 704e195..20dbd98 100644
--- a/fs/exec.c
+++ b/fs/exec.c
@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ static int de_thread(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	flush_itimer_signals();
 #endif
 
-	if (atomic_read(&oldsighand->count) != 1) {
+	if (refcount_read(&oldsighand->count) != 1) {
 		struct sighand_struct *newsighand;
 		/*
 		 * This ->sighand is shared with the CLONE_SIGHAND
@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ static int de_thread(struct task_struct *tsk)
 		if (!newsighand)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 
-		atomic_set(&newsighand->count, 1);
+		refcount_set(&newsighand->count, 1);
 		memcpy(newsighand->action, oldsighand->action,
 		       sizeof(newsighand->action));
 
diff --git a/fs/proc/task_nommu.c b/fs/proc/task_nommu.c
index bdb0d0d..ba680e5 100644
--- a/fs/proc/task_nommu.c
+++ b/fs/proc/task_nommu.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void task_mem(struct seq_file *m, struct mm_struct *mm)
 	else
 		bytes += kobjsize(current->files);
 
-	if (current->sighand && atomic_read(&current->sighand->count) > 1)
+	if (current->sighand && refcount_read(&current->sighand->count) > 1)
 		sbytes += kobjsize(current->sighand);
 	else
 		bytes += kobjsize(current->sighand);
diff --git a/include/linux/init_task.h b/include/linux/init_task.h
index cc45798..a85376e 100644
--- a/include/linux/init_task.h
+++ b/include/linux/init_task.h
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ extern struct fs_struct init_fs;
 extern struct nsproxy init_nsproxy;
 
 #define INIT_SIGHAND(sighand) {						\
-	.count		= ATOMIC_INIT(1), 				\
+	.count		= REFCOUNT_INIT(1), 				\
 	.action		= { { { .sa_handler = SIG_DFL, } }, },		\
 	.siglock	= __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(sighand.siglock),	\
 	.signalfd_wqh	= __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(sighand.signalfd_wqh),	\
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/signal.h b/include/linux/sched/signal.h
index c5c137e..b40fbf7 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/signal.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/signal.h
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
 #include <linux/sched/jobctl.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
 #include <linux/cred.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 
 /*
  * Types defining task->signal and task->sighand and APIs using them:
  */
 
 struct sighand_struct {
-	atomic_t		count;
+	refcount_t		count;
 	struct k_sigaction	action[_NSIG];
 	spinlock_t		siglock;
 	wait_queue_head_t	signalfd_wqh;
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 7fe10e5..ab4ddc9 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
 	struct sighand_struct *sig;
 
 	if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) {
-		atomic_inc(&current->sighand->count);
+		refcount_inc(&current->sighand->count);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	sig = kmem_cache_alloc(sighand_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -1389,14 +1389,14 @@ static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
 	if (!sig)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	atomic_set(&sig->count, 1);
+	refcount_set(&sig->count, 1);
 	memcpy(sig->action, current->sighand->action, sizeof(sig->action));
 	return 0;
 }
 
 void __cleanup_sighand(struct sighand_struct *sighand)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
 		signalfd_cleanup(sighand);
 		/*
 		 * sighand_cachep is SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU so we can free it
@@ -2301,7 +2301,7 @@ static int check_unshare_flags(unsigned long unshare_flags)
 			return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	if (unshare_flags & (CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_VM)) {
-		if (atomic_read(&current->sighand->count) > 1)
+		if (refcount_read(&current->sighand->count) > 1)
 			return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	if (unshare_flags & CLONE_VM) {
-- 
2.7.4

--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
the body to majordomo@kvack.org.  For more info on Linux MM,
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[PATCH 02/15] sched: convert signal_struct.sigcnt to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable signal_struct.sigcnt is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/sched/signal.h | 2 +-
 kernel/fork.c                | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/sched/signal.h b/include/linux/sched/signal.h
index b40fbf7..856d957 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/signal.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/signal.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ struct thread_group_cputimer {
  * the locking of signal_struct.
  */
 struct signal_struct {
-	atomic_t		sigcnt;
+	refcount_t		sigcnt;
 	atomic_t		live;
 	int			nr_threads;
 	struct list_head	thread_head;
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index ab4ddc9..869850b 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ static inline void free_signal_struct(struct signal_struct *sig)
 
 static inline void put_signal_struct(struct signal_struct *sig)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sig->sigcnt))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sig->sigcnt))
 		free_signal_struct(sig);
 }
 
@@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@ static int copy_signal(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
 
 	sig->nr_threads = 1;
 	atomic_set(&sig->live, 1);
-	atomic_set(&sig->sigcnt, 1);
+	refcount_set(&sig->sigcnt, 1);
 
 	/* list_add(thread_node, thread_head) without INIT_LIST_HEAD() */
 	sig->thread_head = (struct list_head)LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk->thread_node);
@@ -1950,7 +1950,7 @@ static __latent_entropy struct task_struct *copy_process(
 		} else {
 			current->signal->nr_threads++;
 			atomic_inc(&current->signal->live);
-			atomic_inc(&current->signal->sigcnt);
+			refcount_inc(&current->signal->sigcnt);
 			list_add_tail_rcu(&p->thread_group,
 					  &p->group_leader->thread_group);
 			list_add_tail_rcu(&p->thread_node,
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 02/15] sched: convert signal_struct.sigcnt to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable signal_struct.sigcnt is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/sched/signal.h | 2 +-
 kernel/fork.c                | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/sched/signal.h b/include/linux/sched/signal.h
index b40fbf7..856d957 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/signal.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/signal.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ struct thread_group_cputimer {
  * the locking of signal_struct.
  */
 struct signal_struct {
-	atomic_t		sigcnt;
+	refcount_t		sigcnt;
 	atomic_t		live;
 	int			nr_threads;
 	struct list_head	thread_head;
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index ab4ddc9..869850b 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ static inline void free_signal_struct(struct signal_struct *sig)
 
 static inline void put_signal_struct(struct signal_struct *sig)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sig->sigcnt))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sig->sigcnt))
 		free_signal_struct(sig);
 }
 
@@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@ static int copy_signal(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
 
 	sig->nr_threads = 1;
 	atomic_set(&sig->live, 1);
-	atomic_set(&sig->sigcnt, 1);
+	refcount_set(&sig->sigcnt, 1);
 
 	/* list_add(thread_node, thread_head) without INIT_LIST_HEAD() */
 	sig->thread_head = (struct list_head)LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk->thread_node);
@@ -1950,7 +1950,7 @@ static __latent_entropy struct task_struct *copy_process(
 		} else {
 			current->signal->nr_threads++;
 			atomic_inc(&current->signal->live);
-			atomic_inc(&current->signal->sigcnt);
+			refcount_inc(&current->signal->sigcnt);
 			list_add_tail_rcu(&p->thread_group,
 					  &p->group_leader->thread_group);
 			list_add_tail_rcu(&p->thread_node,
-- 
2.7.4

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[PATCH 03/15] sched: convert user_struct.__count to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable user_struct.__count is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/sched/user.h | 5 +++--
 kernel/user.c              | 8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/sched/user.h b/include/linux/sched/user.h
index 3c07e41..afcbf19 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/user.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/user.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/uidgid.h>
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 
 struct key;
 
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ struct key;
  * Some day this will be a full-fledged user tracking system..
  */
 struct user_struct {
-	atomic_t __count;	/* reference count */
+	refcount_t __count;	/* reference count */
 	atomic_t processes;	/* How many processes does this user have? */
 	atomic_t sigpending;	/* How many pending signals does this user have? */
 #ifdef CONFIG_FANOTIFY
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ extern struct user_struct root_user;
 extern struct user_struct * alloc_uid(kuid_t);
 static inline struct user_struct *get_uid(struct user_struct *u)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&u->__count);
+	refcount_inc(&u->__count);
 	return u;
 }
 extern void free_uid(struct user_struct *);
diff --git a/kernel/user.c b/kernel/user.c
index 00281ad..c072348 100644
--- a/kernel/user.c
+++ b/kernel/user.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(uidhash_lock);
 
 /* root_user.__count is 1, for init task cred */
 struct user_struct root_user = {
-	.__count	= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+	.__count	= REFCOUNT_INIT(1),
 	.processes	= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
 	.sigpending	= ATOMIC_INIT(0),
 	.locked_shm     = 0,
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ static struct user_struct *uid_hash_find(kuid_t uid, struct hlist_head *hashent)
 
 	hlist_for_each_entry(user, hashent, uidhash_node) {
 		if (uid_eq(user->uid, uid)) {
-			atomic_inc(&user->__count);
+			refcount_inc(&user->__count);
 			return user;
 		}
 	}
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ void free_uid(struct user_struct *up)
 		return;
 
 	local_irq_save(flags);
-	if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&up->__count, &uidhash_lock))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_lock(&up->__count, &uidhash_lock))
 		free_user(up, flags);
 	else
 		local_irq_restore(flags);
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ struct user_struct *alloc_uid(kuid_t uid)
 			goto out_unlock;
 
 		new->uid = uid;
-		atomic_set(&new->__count, 1);
+		refcount_set(&new->__count, 1);
 
 		/*
 		 * Before adding this, check whether we raced
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 03/15] sched: convert user_struct.__count to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable user_struct.__count is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/sched/user.h | 5 +++--
 kernel/user.c              | 8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/sched/user.h b/include/linux/sched/user.h
index 3c07e41..afcbf19 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/user.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/user.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/uidgid.h>
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 
 struct key;
 
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ struct key;
  * Some day this will be a full-fledged user tracking system..
  */
 struct user_struct {
-	atomic_t __count;	/* reference count */
+	refcount_t __count;	/* reference count */
 	atomic_t processes;	/* How many processes does this user have? */
 	atomic_t sigpending;	/* How many pending signals does this user have? */
 #ifdef CONFIG_FANOTIFY
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ extern struct user_struct root_user;
 extern struct user_struct * alloc_uid(kuid_t);
 static inline struct user_struct *get_uid(struct user_struct *u)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&u->__count);
+	refcount_inc(&u->__count);
 	return u;
 }
 extern void free_uid(struct user_struct *);
diff --git a/kernel/user.c b/kernel/user.c
index 00281ad..c072348 100644
--- a/kernel/user.c
+++ b/kernel/user.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(uidhash_lock);
 
 /* root_user.__count is 1, for init task cred */
 struct user_struct root_user = {
-	.__count	= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+	.__count	= REFCOUNT_INIT(1),
 	.processes	= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
 	.sigpending	= ATOMIC_INIT(0),
 	.locked_shm     = 0,
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ static struct user_struct *uid_hash_find(kuid_t uid, struct hlist_head *hashent)
 
 	hlist_for_each_entry(user, hashent, uidhash_node) {
 		if (uid_eq(user->uid, uid)) {
-			atomic_inc(&user->__count);
+			refcount_inc(&user->__count);
 			return user;
 		}
 	}
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ void free_uid(struct user_struct *up)
 		return;
 
 	local_irq_save(flags);
-	if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&up->__count, &uidhash_lock))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_lock(&up->__count, &uidhash_lock))
 		free_user(up, flags);
 	else
 		local_irq_restore(flags);
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ struct user_struct *alloc_uid(kuid_t uid)
 			goto out_unlock;
 
 		new->uid = uid;
-		atomic_set(&new->__count, 1);
+		refcount_set(&new->__count, 1);
 
 		/*
 		 * Before adding this, check whether we raced
-- 
2.7.4

--
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[PATCH 04/15] sched: convert numa_group.refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable numa_group.refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/sched/fair.c | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index 27a2241..b4f0eb2 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_size = 256;
 unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_delay = 1000;
 
 struct numa_group {
-	atomic_t refcount;
+	refcount_t refcount;
 
 	spinlock_t lock; /* nr_tasks, tasks */
 	int nr_tasks;
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ static unsigned int task_scan_start(struct task_struct *p)
 		unsigned long shared = group_faults_shared(ng);
 		unsigned long private = group_faults_priv(ng);
 
-		period *= atomic_read(&ng->refcount);
+		period *= refcount_read(&ng->refcount);
 		period *= shared + 1;
 		period /= private + shared + 1;
 	}
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ static unsigned int task_scan_max(struct task_struct *p)
 		unsigned long private = group_faults_priv(ng);
 		unsigned long period = smax;
 
-		period *= atomic_read(&ng->refcount);
+		period *= refcount_read(&ng->refcount);
 		period *= shared + 1;
 		period /= private + shared + 1;
 
@@ -2227,12 +2227,12 @@ static void task_numa_placement(struct task_struct *p)
 
 static inline int get_numa_group(struct numa_group *grp)
 {
-	return atomic_inc_not_zero(&grp->refcount);
+	return refcount_inc_not_zero(&grp->refcount);
 }
 
 static inline void put_numa_group(struct numa_group *grp)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&grp->refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&grp->refcount))
 		kfree_rcu(grp, rcu);
 }
 
@@ -2253,7 +2253,7 @@ static void task_numa_group(struct task_struct *p, int cpupid, int flags,
 		if (!grp)
 			return;
 
-		atomic_set(&grp->refcount, 1);
+		refcount_set(&grp->refcount, 1);
 		grp->active_nodes = 1;
 		grp->max_faults_cpu = 0;
 		spin_lock_init(&grp->lock);
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 04/15] sched: convert numa_group.refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable numa_group.refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/sched/fair.c | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index 27a2241..b4f0eb2 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_size = 256;
 unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_delay = 1000;
 
 struct numa_group {
-	atomic_t refcount;
+	refcount_t refcount;
 
 	spinlock_t lock; /* nr_tasks, tasks */
 	int nr_tasks;
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ static unsigned int task_scan_start(struct task_struct *p)
 		unsigned long shared = group_faults_shared(ng);
 		unsigned long private = group_faults_priv(ng);
 
-		period *= atomic_read(&ng->refcount);
+		period *= refcount_read(&ng->refcount);
 		period *= shared + 1;
 		period /= private + shared + 1;
 	}
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ static unsigned int task_scan_max(struct task_struct *p)
 		unsigned long private = group_faults_priv(ng);
 		unsigned long period = smax;
 
-		period *= atomic_read(&ng->refcount);
+		period *= refcount_read(&ng->refcount);
 		period *= shared + 1;
 		period /= private + shared + 1;
 
@@ -2227,12 +2227,12 @@ static void task_numa_placement(struct task_struct *p)
 
 static inline int get_numa_group(struct numa_group *grp)
 {
-	return atomic_inc_not_zero(&grp->refcount);
+	return refcount_inc_not_zero(&grp->refcount);
 }
 
 static inline void put_numa_group(struct numa_group *grp)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&grp->refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&grp->refcount))
 		kfree_rcu(grp, rcu);
 }
 
@@ -2253,7 +2253,7 @@ static void task_numa_group(struct task_struct *p, int cpupid, int flags,
 		if (!grp)
 			return;
 
-		atomic_set(&grp->refcount, 1);
+		refcount_set(&grp->refcount, 1);
 		grp->active_nodes = 1;
 		grp->max_faults_cpu = 0;
 		spin_lock_init(&grp->lock);
-- 
2.7.4

--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
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[PATCH 05/15] sched/task_struct: convert task_struct.usage to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable task_struct.usage is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/init_task.h  | 2 +-
 include/linux/sched.h      | 3 ++-
 include/linux/sched/task.h | 4 ++--
 kernel/fork.c              | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/init_task.h b/include/linux/init_task.h
index a85376e..64d86ec 100644
--- a/include/linux/init_task.h
+++ b/include/linux/init_task.h
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ extern struct cred init_cred;
 	INIT_TASK_TI(tsk)						\
 	.state		= 0,						\
 	.stack		= init_stack,					\
-	.usage		= ATOMIC_INIT(2),				\
+	.usage		= REFCOUNT_INIT(2),				\
 	.flags		= PF_KTHREAD,					\
 	.prio		= MAX_PRIO-20,					\
 	.static_prio	= MAX_PRIO-20,					\
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 0f897df..47f1101 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/seccomp.h>
 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/resource.h>
 #include <linux/latencytop.h>
 #include <linux/sched/prio.h>
@@ -536,7 +537,7 @@ struct task_struct {
 	randomized_struct_fields_start
 
 	void				*stack;
-	atomic_t			usage;
+	refcount_t			usage;
 	/* Per task flags (PF_*), defined further below: */
 	unsigned int			flags;
 	unsigned int			ptrace;
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/task.h b/include/linux/sched/task.h
index a5e6f09..ac4317d 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/task.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/task.h
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ extern void sched_exec(void);
 #define sched_exec()   {}
 #endif
 
-#define get_task_struct(tsk) do { atomic_inc(&(tsk)->usage); } while(0)
+#define get_task_struct(tsk) do { refcount_inc(&(tsk)->usage); } while(0)
 
 extern void __put_task_struct(struct task_struct *t);
 
 static inline void put_task_struct(struct task_struct *t)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&t->usage))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&t->usage))
 		__put_task_struct(t);
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 869850b..68cc7a0 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ static inline void put_signal_struct(struct signal_struct *sig)
 void __put_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	WARN_ON(!tsk->exit_state);
-	WARN_ON(atomic_read(&tsk->usage));
+	WARN_ON(refcount_read(&tsk->usage));
 	WARN_ON(tsk == current);
 
 	cgroup_free(tsk);
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
 	 * One for us, one for whoever does the "release_task()" (usually
 	 * parent)
 	 */
-	atomic_set(&tsk->usage, 2);
+	refcount_set(&tsk->usage, 2);
 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE
 	tsk->btrace_seq = 0;
 #endif
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 05/15] sched/task_struct: convert task_struct.usage to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable task_struct.usage is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/init_task.h  | 2 +-
 include/linux/sched.h      | 3 ++-
 include/linux/sched/task.h | 4 ++--
 kernel/fork.c              | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/init_task.h b/include/linux/init_task.h
index a85376e..64d86ec 100644
--- a/include/linux/init_task.h
+++ b/include/linux/init_task.h
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ extern struct cred init_cred;
 	INIT_TASK_TI(tsk)						\
 	.state		= 0,						\
 	.stack		= init_stack,					\
-	.usage		= ATOMIC_INIT(2),				\
+	.usage		= REFCOUNT_INIT(2),				\
 	.flags		= PF_KTHREAD,					\
 	.prio		= MAX_PRIO-20,					\
 	.static_prio	= MAX_PRIO-20,					\
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 0f897df..47f1101 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/seccomp.h>
 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/resource.h>
 #include <linux/latencytop.h>
 #include <linux/sched/prio.h>
@@ -536,7 +537,7 @@ struct task_struct {
 	randomized_struct_fields_start
 
 	void				*stack;
-	atomic_t			usage;
+	refcount_t			usage;
 	/* Per task flags (PF_*), defined further below: */
 	unsigned int			flags;
 	unsigned int			ptrace;
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/task.h b/include/linux/sched/task.h
index a5e6f09..ac4317d 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/task.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/task.h
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ extern void sched_exec(void);
 #define sched_exec()   {}
 #endif
 
-#define get_task_struct(tsk) do { atomic_inc(&(tsk)->usage); } while(0)
+#define get_task_struct(tsk) do { refcount_inc(&(tsk)->usage); } while(0)
 
 extern void __put_task_struct(struct task_struct *t);
 
 static inline void put_task_struct(struct task_struct *t)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&t->usage))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&t->usage))
 		__put_task_struct(t);
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 869850b..68cc7a0 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ static inline void put_signal_struct(struct signal_struct *sig)
 void __put_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	WARN_ON(!tsk->exit_state);
-	WARN_ON(atomic_read(&tsk->usage));
+	WARN_ON(refcount_read(&tsk->usage));
 	WARN_ON(tsk == current);
 
 	cgroup_free(tsk);
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
 	 * One for us, one for whoever does the "release_task()" (usually
 	 * parent)
 	 */
-	atomic_set(&tsk->usage, 2);
+	refcount_set(&tsk->usage, 2);
 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE
 	tsk->btrace_seq = 0;
 #endif
-- 
2.7.4

--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
the body to majordomo@kvack.org.  For more info on Linux MM,
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[PATCH 06/15] sched/task_struct: convert task_struct.stack_refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable task_struct.stack_refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/init_task.h        | 3 ++-
 include/linux/sched.h            | 2 +-
 include/linux/sched/task_stack.h | 2 +-
 kernel/fork.c                    | 6 +++---
 4 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/init_task.h b/include/linux/init_task.h
index 64d86ec..d3bc6ac 100644
--- a/include/linux/init_task.h
+++ b/include/linux/init_task.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <linux/securebits.h>
 #include <linux/seqlock.h>
 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/sched/autogroup.h>
 #include <net/net_namespace.h>
 #include <linux/sched/rt.h>
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ extern struct cred init_cred;
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 # define INIT_TASK_TI(tsk)			\
 	.thread_info = INIT_THREAD_INFO(tsk),	\
-	.stack_refcount = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+	.stack_refcount = REFCOUNT_INIT(1),
 #else
 # define INIT_TASK_TI(tsk)
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 47f1101..4eb19f9 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ struct task_struct {
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 	/* A live task holds one reference: */
-	atomic_t			stack_refcount;
+	refcount_t			stack_refcount;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
 	int patch_state;
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/task_stack.h b/include/linux/sched/task_stack.h
index df6ea66..aab3809 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/task_stack.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/task_stack.h
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static inline unsigned long *end_of_stack(struct task_struct *p)
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 static inline void *try_get_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
-	return atomic_inc_not_zero(&tsk->stack_refcount) ?
+	return refcount_inc_not_zero(&tsk->stack_refcount) ?
 		task_stack_page(tsk) : NULL;
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 68cc7a0..b7b26d5a 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ static void release_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 void put_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&tsk->stack_refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&tsk->stack_refcount))
 		release_task_stack(tsk);
 }
 #endif
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ void free_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	 * If the task had a separate stack allocation, it should be gone
 	 * by now.
 	 */
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&tsk->stack_refcount) != 0);
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(refcount_read(&tsk->stack_refcount) != 0);
 #endif
 	rt_mutex_debug_task_free(tsk);
 	ftrace_graph_exit_task(tsk);
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
 	tsk->stack_vm_area = stack_vm_area;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
-	atomic_set(&tsk->stack_refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&tsk->stack_refcount, 1);
 #endif
 
 	if (err)
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 06/15] sched/task_struct: convert task_struct.stack_refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable task_struct.stack_refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/init_task.h        | 3 ++-
 include/linux/sched.h            | 2 +-
 include/linux/sched/task_stack.h | 2 +-
 kernel/fork.c                    | 6 +++---
 4 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/init_task.h b/include/linux/init_task.h
index 64d86ec..d3bc6ac 100644
--- a/include/linux/init_task.h
+++ b/include/linux/init_task.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <linux/securebits.h>
 #include <linux/seqlock.h>
 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/sched/autogroup.h>
 #include <net/net_namespace.h>
 #include <linux/sched/rt.h>
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ extern struct cred init_cred;
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 # define INIT_TASK_TI(tsk)			\
 	.thread_info = INIT_THREAD_INFO(tsk),	\
-	.stack_refcount = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+	.stack_refcount = REFCOUNT_INIT(1),
 #else
 # define INIT_TASK_TI(tsk)
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 47f1101..4eb19f9 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ struct task_struct {
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 	/* A live task holds one reference: */
-	atomic_t			stack_refcount;
+	refcount_t			stack_refcount;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
 	int patch_state;
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/task_stack.h b/include/linux/sched/task_stack.h
index df6ea66..aab3809 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/task_stack.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/task_stack.h
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static inline unsigned long *end_of_stack(struct task_struct *p)
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 static inline void *try_get_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
-	return atomic_inc_not_zero(&tsk->stack_refcount) ?
+	return refcount_inc_not_zero(&tsk->stack_refcount) ?
 		task_stack_page(tsk) : NULL;
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 68cc7a0..b7b26d5a 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ static void release_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
 void put_task_stack(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&tsk->stack_refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&tsk->stack_refcount))
 		release_task_stack(tsk);
 }
 #endif
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ void free_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	 * If the task had a separate stack allocation, it should be gone
 	 * by now.
 	 */
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&tsk->stack_refcount) != 0);
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(refcount_read(&tsk->stack_refcount) != 0);
 #endif
 	rt_mutex_debug_task_free(tsk);
 	ftrace_graph_exit_task(tsk);
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node)
 	tsk->stack_vm_area = stack_vm_area;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
-	atomic_set(&tsk->stack_refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&tsk->stack_refcount, 1);
 #endif
 
 	if (err)
-- 
2.7.4

--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
the body to majordomo@kvack.org.  For more info on Linux MM,
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[PATCH 07/15] perf: convert perf_event_context.refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable perf_event_context.refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/perf_event.h |  3 ++-
 kernel/events/core.c       | 12 ++++++------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/perf_event.h b/include/linux/perf_event.h
index 79b18a2..ab7f452 100644
--- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
+++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ struct perf_guest_info_callbacks {
 #include <linux/perf_regs.h>
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <asm/local.h>
 
 struct perf_callchain_entry {
@@ -735,7 +736,7 @@ struct perf_event_context {
 	int				nr_stat;
 	int				nr_freq;
 	int				rotate_disable;
-	atomic_t			refcount;
+	refcount_t			refcount;
 	struct task_struct		*task;
 
 	/*
diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 74671e1..7272b47 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ static void perf_event_ctx_deactivate(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 
 static void get_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 {
-	WARN_ON(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount));
+	WARN_ON(!refcount_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount));
 }
 
 static void free_ctx(struct rcu_head *head)
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ static void free_ctx(struct rcu_head *head)
 
 static void put_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ctx->refcount)) {
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&ctx->refcount)) {
 		if (ctx->parent_ctx)
 			put_ctx(ctx->parent_ctx);
 		if (ctx->task && ctx->task != TASK_TOMBSTONE)
@@ -1201,7 +1201,7 @@ perf_event_ctx_lock_nested(struct perf_event *event, int nesting)
 again:
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	ctx = ACCESS_ONCE(event->ctx);
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
 		rcu_read_unlock();
 		goto again;
 	}
@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ perf_lock_task_context(struct task_struct *task, int ctxn, unsigned long *flags)
 		}
 
 		if (ctx->task == TASK_TOMBSTONE ||
-		    !atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
+		    !refcount_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
 			raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
 			ctx = NULL;
 		} else {
@@ -3813,7 +3813,7 @@ static void __perf_event_init_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->pinned_groups);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->flexible_groups);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->event_list);
-	atomic_set(&ctx->refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&ctx->refcount, 1);
 }
 
 static struct perf_event_context *
@@ -9895,7 +9895,7 @@ __perf_event_ctx_lock_double(struct perf_event *group_leader,
 again:
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	gctx = READ_ONCE(group_leader->ctx);
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&gctx->refcount)) {
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&gctx->refcount)) {
 		rcu_read_unlock();
 		goto again;
 	}
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 07/15] perf: convert perf_event_context.refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable perf_event_context.refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/perf_event.h |  3 ++-
 kernel/events/core.c       | 12 ++++++------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/perf_event.h b/include/linux/perf_event.h
index 79b18a2..ab7f452 100644
--- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
+++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ struct perf_guest_info_callbacks {
 #include <linux/perf_regs.h>
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <asm/local.h>
 
 struct perf_callchain_entry {
@@ -735,7 +736,7 @@ struct perf_event_context {
 	int				nr_stat;
 	int				nr_freq;
 	int				rotate_disable;
-	atomic_t			refcount;
+	refcount_t			refcount;
 	struct task_struct		*task;
 
 	/*
diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 74671e1..7272b47 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ static void perf_event_ctx_deactivate(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 
 static void get_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 {
-	WARN_ON(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount));
+	WARN_ON(!refcount_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount));
 }
 
 static void free_ctx(struct rcu_head *head)
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ static void free_ctx(struct rcu_head *head)
 
 static void put_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ctx->refcount)) {
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&ctx->refcount)) {
 		if (ctx->parent_ctx)
 			put_ctx(ctx->parent_ctx);
 		if (ctx->task && ctx->task != TASK_TOMBSTONE)
@@ -1201,7 +1201,7 @@ perf_event_ctx_lock_nested(struct perf_event *event, int nesting)
 again:
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	ctx = ACCESS_ONCE(event->ctx);
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
 		rcu_read_unlock();
 		goto again;
 	}
@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ perf_lock_task_context(struct task_struct *task, int ctxn, unsigned long *flags)
 		}
 
 		if (ctx->task == TASK_TOMBSTONE ||
-		    !atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
+		    !refcount_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
 			raw_spin_unlock(&ctx->lock);
 			ctx = NULL;
 		} else {
@@ -3813,7 +3813,7 @@ static void __perf_event_init_context(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->pinned_groups);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->flexible_groups);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->event_list);
-	atomic_set(&ctx->refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&ctx->refcount, 1);
 }
 
 static struct perf_event_context *
@@ -9895,7 +9895,7 @@ __perf_event_ctx_lock_double(struct perf_event *group_leader,
 again:
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	gctx = READ_ONCE(group_leader->ctx);
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&gctx->refcount)) {
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&gctx->refcount)) {
 		rcu_read_unlock();
 		goto again;
 	}
-- 
2.7.4

--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
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Don't email: <a href=mailto:"dont@kvack.org"> email@kvack.org </a>

[PATCH 08/15] perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable ring_buffer.refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/core.c        | 4 ++--
 kernel/events/internal.h    | 3 ++-
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 7272b47..66d7e18 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -5107,7 +5107,7 @@ struct ring_buffer *ring_buffer_get(struct perf_event *event)
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	rb = rcu_dereference(event->rb);
 	if (rb) {
-		if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&rb->refcount))
+		if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&rb->refcount))
 			rb = NULL;
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
@@ -5117,7 +5117,7 @@ struct ring_buffer *ring_buffer_get(struct perf_event *event)
 
 void ring_buffer_put(struct ring_buffer *rb)
 {
-	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&rb->refcount))
+	if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&rb->refcount))
 		return;
 
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&rb->event_list));
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index 843e970..1cdd9fa 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 
 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 
 /* Buffer handling */
 
 #define RING_BUFFER_WRITABLE		0x01
 
 struct ring_buffer {
-	atomic_t			refcount;
+	refcount_t			refcount;
 	struct rcu_head			rcu_head;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_USE_VMALLOC
 	struct work_struct		work;
diff --git a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
index f684d8e..86e1379 100644
--- a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ ring_buffer_init(struct ring_buffer *rb, long watermark, int flags)
 	else
 		rb->overwrite = 1;
 
-	atomic_set(&rb->refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&rb->refcount, 1);
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rb->event_list);
 	spin_lock_init(&rb->event_lock);
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 08/15] perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable ring_buffer.refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/core.c        | 4 ++--
 kernel/events/internal.h    | 3 ++-
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 7272b47..66d7e18 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -5107,7 +5107,7 @@ struct ring_buffer *ring_buffer_get(struct perf_event *event)
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	rb = rcu_dereference(event->rb);
 	if (rb) {
-		if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&rb->refcount))
+		if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&rb->refcount))
 			rb = NULL;
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
@@ -5117,7 +5117,7 @@ struct ring_buffer *ring_buffer_get(struct perf_event *event)
 
 void ring_buffer_put(struct ring_buffer *rb)
 {
-	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&rb->refcount))
+	if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&rb->refcount))
 		return;
 
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&rb->event_list));
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index 843e970..1cdd9fa 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 
 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 
 /* Buffer handling */
 
 #define RING_BUFFER_WRITABLE		0x01
 
 struct ring_buffer {
-	atomic_t			refcount;
+	refcount_t			refcount;
 	struct rcu_head			rcu_head;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_USE_VMALLOC
 	struct work_struct		work;
diff --git a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
index f684d8e..86e1379 100644
--- a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ ring_buffer_init(struct ring_buffer *rb, long watermark, int flags)
 	else
 		rb->overwrite = 1;
 
-	atomic_set(&rb->refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&rb->refcount, 1);
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rb->event_list);
 	spin_lock_init(&rb->event_lock);
-- 
2.7.4

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[PATCH 09/15] perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.aux_refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable ring_buffer.aux_refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/core.c        | 2 +-
 kernel/events/internal.h    | 2 +-
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 66d7e18..3848480 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -5182,7 +5182,7 @@ static void perf_mmap_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 
 		/* this has to be the last one */
 		rb_free_aux(rb);
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(refcount_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
 
 		mutex_unlock(&event->mmap_mutex);
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index 1cdd9fa..cc5b545 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct ring_buffer {
 	atomic_t			aux_mmap_count;
 	unsigned long			aux_mmap_locked;
 	void				(*free_aux)(void *);
-	atomic_t			aux_refcount;
+	refcount_t			aux_refcount;
 	void				**aux_pages;
 	void				*aux_priv;
 
diff --git a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
index 86e1379..08838cd6 100644
--- a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ void *perf_aux_output_begin(struct perf_output_handle *handle,
 	if (!atomic_read(&rb->aux_mmap_count))
 		goto err;
 
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		goto err;
 
 	/*
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 	 * we keep a refcount here to make sure either of the two can
 	 * reference them safely.
 	 */
-	atomic_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
 
 	rb->aux_overwrite = overwrite;
 	rb->aux_watermark = watermark;
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 
 void rb_free_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		__rb_free_aux(rb);
 }
 
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 09/15] perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.aux_refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable ring_buffer.aux_refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/core.c        | 2 +-
 kernel/events/internal.h    | 2 +-
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 66d7e18..3848480 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -5182,7 +5182,7 @@ static void perf_mmap_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 
 		/* this has to be the last one */
 		rb_free_aux(rb);
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(refcount_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
 
 		mutex_unlock(&event->mmap_mutex);
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index 1cdd9fa..cc5b545 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct ring_buffer {
 	atomic_t			aux_mmap_count;
 	unsigned long			aux_mmap_locked;
 	void				(*free_aux)(void *);
-	atomic_t			aux_refcount;
+	refcount_t			aux_refcount;
 	void				**aux_pages;
 	void				*aux_priv;
 
diff --git a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
index 86e1379..08838cd6 100644
--- a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ void *perf_aux_output_begin(struct perf_output_handle *handle,
 	if (!atomic_read(&rb->aux_mmap_count))
 		goto err;
 
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		goto err;
 
 	/*
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 	 * we keep a refcount here to make sure either of the two can
 	 * reference them safely.
 	 */
-	atomic_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
 
 	rb->aux_overwrite = overwrite;
 	rb->aux_watermark = watermark;
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 
 void rb_free_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		__rb_free_aux(rb);
 }
 
-- 
2.7.4

--
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[PATCH 10/15] uprobes: convert uprobe.ref to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable uprobe.ref is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/uprobes.c | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/uprobes.c b/kernel/events/uprobes.c
index 8d42d8f..3514b42 100644
--- a/kernel/events/uprobes.c
+++ b/kernel/events/uprobes.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ static struct percpu_rw_semaphore dup_mmap_sem;
 
 struct uprobe {
 	struct rb_node		rb_node;	/* node in the rb tree */
-	atomic_t		ref;
+	refcount_t		ref;
 	struct rw_semaphore	register_rwsem;
 	struct rw_semaphore	consumer_rwsem;
 	struct list_head	pending_list;
@@ -371,13 +371,13 @@ set_orig_insn(struct arch_uprobe *auprobe, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long v
 
 static struct uprobe *get_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&uprobe->ref);
+	refcount_inc(&uprobe->ref);
 	return uprobe;
 }
 
 static void put_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&uprobe->ref))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&uprobe->ref))
 		kfree(uprobe);
 }
 
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ static struct uprobe *__insert_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
 	rb_link_node(&uprobe->rb_node, parent, p);
 	rb_insert_color(&uprobe->rb_node, &uprobes_tree);
 	/* get access + creation ref */
-	atomic_set(&uprobe->ref, 2);
+	refcount_set(&uprobe->ref, 2);
 
 	return u;
 }
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 10/15] uprobes: convert uprobe.ref to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable uprobe.ref is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/uprobes.c | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/uprobes.c b/kernel/events/uprobes.c
index 8d42d8f..3514b42 100644
--- a/kernel/events/uprobes.c
+++ b/kernel/events/uprobes.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ static struct percpu_rw_semaphore dup_mmap_sem;
 
 struct uprobe {
 	struct rb_node		rb_node;	/* node in the rb tree */
-	atomic_t		ref;
+	refcount_t		ref;
 	struct rw_semaphore	register_rwsem;
 	struct rw_semaphore	consumer_rwsem;
 	struct list_head	pending_list;
@@ -371,13 +371,13 @@ set_orig_insn(struct arch_uprobe *auprobe, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long v
 
 static struct uprobe *get_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&uprobe->ref);
+	refcount_inc(&uprobe->ref);
 	return uprobe;
 }
 
 static void put_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&uprobe->ref))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&uprobe->ref))
 		kfree(uprobe);
 }
 
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ static struct uprobe *__insert_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
 	rb_link_node(&uprobe->rb_node, parent, p);
 	rb_insert_color(&uprobe->rb_node, &uprobes_tree);
 	/* get access + creation ref */
-	atomic_set(&uprobe->ref, 2);
+	refcount_set(&uprobe->ref, 2);
 
 	return u;
 }
-- 
2.7.4

--
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[PATCH 11/15] nsproxy: convert nsproxy.count to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable nsproxy.count is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/nsproxy.h | 6 +++---
 kernel/nsproxy.c        | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/nsproxy.h b/include/linux/nsproxy.h
index ac0d65b..f862ba8 100644
--- a/include/linux/nsproxy.h
+++ b/include/linux/nsproxy.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ struct fs_struct;
  * nsproxy is copied.
  */
 struct nsproxy {
-	atomic_t count;
+	refcount_t count;
 	struct uts_namespace *uts_ns;
 	struct ipc_namespace *ipc_ns;
 	struct mnt_namespace *mnt_ns;
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ int __init nsproxy_cache_init(void);
 
 static inline void put_nsproxy(struct nsproxy *ns)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ns->count)) {
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&ns->count)) {
 		free_nsproxy(ns);
 	}
 }
 
 static inline void get_nsproxy(struct nsproxy *ns)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&ns->count);
+	refcount_inc(&ns->count);
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/kernel/nsproxy.c b/kernel/nsproxy.c
index f6c5d33..5bfe691 100644
--- a/kernel/nsproxy.c
+++ b/kernel/nsproxy.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 static struct kmem_cache *nsproxy_cachep;
 
 struct nsproxy init_nsproxy = {
-	.count			= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+	.count			= REFCOUNT_INIT(1),
 	.uts_ns			= &init_uts_ns,
 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE) || defined(CONFIG_SYSVIPC)
 	.ipc_ns			= &init_ipc_ns,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static inline struct nsproxy *create_nsproxy(void)
 
 	nsproxy = kmem_cache_alloc(nsproxy_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (nsproxy)
-		atomic_set(&nsproxy->count, 1);
+		refcount_set(&nsproxy->count, 1);
 	return nsproxy;
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ void switch_task_namespaces(struct task_struct *p, struct nsproxy *new)
 	p->nsproxy = new;
 	task_unlock(p);
 
-	if (ns && atomic_dec_and_test(&ns->count))
+	if (ns && refcount_dec_and_test(&ns->count))
 		free_nsproxy(ns);
 }
 
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 11/15] nsproxy: convert nsproxy.count to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable nsproxy.count is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/nsproxy.h | 6 +++---
 kernel/nsproxy.c        | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/nsproxy.h b/include/linux/nsproxy.h
index ac0d65b..f862ba8 100644
--- a/include/linux/nsproxy.h
+++ b/include/linux/nsproxy.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ struct fs_struct;
  * nsproxy is copied.
  */
 struct nsproxy {
-	atomic_t count;
+	refcount_t count;
 	struct uts_namespace *uts_ns;
 	struct ipc_namespace *ipc_ns;
 	struct mnt_namespace *mnt_ns;
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ int __init nsproxy_cache_init(void);
 
 static inline void put_nsproxy(struct nsproxy *ns)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ns->count)) {
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&ns->count)) {
 		free_nsproxy(ns);
 	}
 }
 
 static inline void get_nsproxy(struct nsproxy *ns)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&ns->count);
+	refcount_inc(&ns->count);
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/kernel/nsproxy.c b/kernel/nsproxy.c
index f6c5d33..5bfe691 100644
--- a/kernel/nsproxy.c
+++ b/kernel/nsproxy.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 static struct kmem_cache *nsproxy_cachep;
 
 struct nsproxy init_nsproxy = {
-	.count			= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+	.count			= REFCOUNT_INIT(1),
 	.uts_ns			= &init_uts_ns,
 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE) || defined(CONFIG_SYSVIPC)
 	.ipc_ns			= &init_ipc_ns,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static inline struct nsproxy *create_nsproxy(void)
 
 	nsproxy = kmem_cache_alloc(nsproxy_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (nsproxy)
-		atomic_set(&nsproxy->count, 1);
+		refcount_set(&nsproxy->count, 1);
 	return nsproxy;
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ void switch_task_namespaces(struct task_struct *p, struct nsproxy *new)
 	p->nsproxy = new;
 	task_unlock(p);
 
-	if (ns && atomic_dec_and_test(&ns->count))
+	if (ns && refcount_dec_and_test(&ns->count))
 		free_nsproxy(ns);
 }
 
-- 
2.7.4

--
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[PATCH 12/15] groups: convert group_info.usage to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable group_info.usage is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/cred.h | 7 ++++---
 kernel/cred.c        | 2 +-
 kernel/groups.c      | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/cred.h b/include/linux/cred.h
index 099058e..00948dd 100644
--- a/include/linux/cred.h
+++ b/include/linux/cred.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <linux/key.h>
 #include <linux/selinux.h>
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/uidgid.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/user.h>
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ struct inode;
  * COW Supplementary groups list
  */
 struct group_info {
-	atomic_t	usage;
+	refcount_t	usage;
 	int		ngroups;
 	kgid_t		gid[0];
 } __randomize_layout;
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ struct group_info {
  */
 static inline struct group_info *get_group_info(struct group_info *gi)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&gi->usage);
+	refcount_inc(&gi->usage);
 	return gi;
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ static inline struct group_info *get_group_info(struct group_info *gi)
  */
 #define put_group_info(group_info)			\
 do {							\
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&(group_info)->usage))	\
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&(group_info)->usage))	\
 		groups_free(group_info);		\
 } while (0)
 
diff --git a/kernel/cred.c b/kernel/cred.c
index 0192a94..9604c1a 100644
--- a/kernel/cred.c
+++ b/kernel/cred.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ do {									\
 static struct kmem_cache *cred_jar;
 
 /* init to 2 - one for init_task, one to ensure it is never freed */
-struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = ATOMIC_INIT(2) };
+struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(2) };
 
 /*
  * The initial credentials for the initial task
diff --git a/kernel/groups.c b/kernel/groups.c
index 434f666..5fc6e21 100644
--- a/kernel/groups.c
+++ b/kernel/groups.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct group_info *groups_alloc(int gidsetsize)
 	if (!gi)
 		return NULL;
 
-	atomic_set(&gi->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&gi->usage, 1);
 	gi->ngroups = gidsetsize;
 	return gi;
 }
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 12/15] groups: convert group_info.usage to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable group_info.usage is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/cred.h | 7 ++++---
 kernel/cred.c        | 2 +-
 kernel/groups.c      | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/cred.h b/include/linux/cred.h
index 099058e..00948dd 100644
--- a/include/linux/cred.h
+++ b/include/linux/cred.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <linux/key.h>
 #include <linux/selinux.h>
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/uidgid.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/user.h>
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ struct inode;
  * COW Supplementary groups list
  */
 struct group_info {
-	atomic_t	usage;
+	refcount_t	usage;
 	int		ngroups;
 	kgid_t		gid[0];
 } __randomize_layout;
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ struct group_info {
  */
 static inline struct group_info *get_group_info(struct group_info *gi)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&gi->usage);
+	refcount_inc(&gi->usage);
 	return gi;
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ static inline struct group_info *get_group_info(struct group_info *gi)
  */
 #define put_group_info(group_info)			\
 do {							\
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&(group_info)->usage))	\
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&(group_info)->usage))	\
 		groups_free(group_info);		\
 } while (0)
 
diff --git a/kernel/cred.c b/kernel/cred.c
index 0192a94..9604c1a 100644
--- a/kernel/cred.c
+++ b/kernel/cred.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ do {									\
 static struct kmem_cache *cred_jar;
 
 /* init to 2 - one for init_task, one to ensure it is never freed */
-struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = ATOMIC_INIT(2) };
+struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(2) };
 
 /*
  * The initial credentials for the initial task
diff --git a/kernel/groups.c b/kernel/groups.c
index 434f666..5fc6e21 100644
--- a/kernel/groups.c
+++ b/kernel/groups.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct group_info *groups_alloc(int gidsetsize)
 	if (!gi)
 		return NULL;
 
-	atomic_set(&gi->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&gi->usage, 1);
 	gi->ngroups = gidsetsize;
 	return gi;
 }
-- 
2.7.4

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To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
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[PATCH 13/15] creds: convert cred.usage to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable cred.usage is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/cred.h |  6 +++---
 kernel/cred.c        | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/cred.h b/include/linux/cred.h
index 00948dd..a9f217b 100644
--- a/include/linux/cred.h
+++ b/include/linux/cred.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ extern bool may_setgroups(void);
  * same context as task->real_cred.
  */
 struct cred {
-	atomic_t	usage;
+	refcount_t	usage;
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	atomic_t	subscribers;	/* number of processes subscribed */
 	void		*put_addr;
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ static inline bool cap_ambient_invariant_ok(const struct cred *cred)
  */
 static inline struct cred *get_new_cred(struct cred *cred)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&cred->usage);
+	refcount_inc(&cred->usage);
 	return cred;
 }
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ static inline void put_cred(const struct cred *_cred)
 	struct cred *cred = (struct cred *) _cred;
 
 	validate_creds(cred);
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
 		__put_cred(cred);
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/cred.c b/kernel/cred.c
index 9604c1a..86c039a 100644
--- a/kernel/cred.c
+++ b/kernel/cred.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(2) };
  * The initial credentials for the initial task
  */
 struct cred init_cred = {
-	.usage			= ATOMIC_INIT(4),
+	.usage			= REFCOUNT_INIT(4),
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	.subscribers		= ATOMIC_INIT(2),
 	.magic			= CRED_MAGIC,
@@ -101,17 +101,17 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	if (cred->magic != CRED_MAGIC_DEAD ||
-	    atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
+	    refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
 	    read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0)
 		panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with"
 		      " mag %x, put %p, usage %d, subscr %d\n",
 		      cred, cred->magic, cred->put_addr,
-		      atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+		      refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 		      read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 #else
-	if (atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
+	if (refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
 		panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with usage %d\n",
-		      cred, atomic_read(&cred->usage));
+		      cred, refcount_read(&cred->usage));
 #endif
 
 	security_cred_free(cred);
@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 void __put_cred(struct cred *cred)
 {
 	kdebug("__put_cred(%p{%d,%d})", cred,
-	       atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0);
 	cred->magic = CRED_MAGIC_DEAD;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ void exit_creds(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	struct cred *cred;
 
 	kdebug("exit_creds(%u,%p,%p,{%d,%d})", tsk->pid, tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
-	       atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
 
 	cred = (struct cred *) tsk->real_cred;
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ const struct cred *get_task_cred(struct task_struct *task)
 	do {
 		cred = __task_cred((task));
 		BUG_ON(!cred);
-	} while (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&((struct cred *)cred)->usage));
+	} while (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&((struct cred *)cred)->usage));
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 	return cred;
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ struct cred *cred_alloc_blank(void)
 	if (!new)
 		return NULL;
 
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	new->magic = CRED_MAGIC;
 #endif
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_creds(void)
 	old = task->cred;
 	memcpy(new, old, sizeof(struct cred));
 
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	get_group_info(new->group_info);
 	get_uid(new->user);
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ int copy_creds(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
 		get_cred(p->cred);
 		alter_cred_subscribers(p->cred, 2);
 		kdebug("share_creds(%p{%d,%d})",
-		       p->cred, atomic_read(&p->cred->usage),
+		       p->cred, refcount_read(&p->cred->usage),
 		       read_cred_subscribers(p->cred));
 		atomic_inc(&p->cred->user->processes);
 		return 0;
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 	const struct cred *old = task->real_cred;
 
 	kdebug("commit_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 	BUG_ON(task->cred != old);
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 	validate_creds(old);
 	validate_creds(new);
 #endif
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
 
 	get_cred(new); /* we will require a ref for the subj creds too */
 
@@ -501,13 +501,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(commit_creds);
 void abort_creds(struct cred *new)
 {
 	kdebug("abort_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(new) != 0);
 #endif
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
 	put_cred(new);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(abort_creds);
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
 	const struct cred *old = current->cred;
 
 	kdebug("override_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 	validate_creds(old);
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
 	alter_cred_subscribers(old, -1);
 
 	kdebug("override_creds() = %p{%d,%d}", old,
-	       atomic_read(&old->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&old->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(old));
 	return old;
 }
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ void revert_creds(const struct cred *old)
 	const struct cred *override = current->cred;
 
 	kdebug("revert_creds(%p{%d,%d})", old,
-	       atomic_read(&old->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&old->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(old));
 
 	validate_creds(old);
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_kernel_cred(struct task_struct *daemon)
 	validate_creds(old);
 
 	*new = *old;
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	get_uid(new->user);
 	get_user_ns(new->user_ns);
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ static void dump_invalid_creds(const struct cred *cred, const char *label,
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->magic=%x, put_addr=%p\n",
 	       cred->magic, cred->put_addr);
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->usage=%d, subscr=%d\n",
-	       atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->*uid = { %d,%d,%d,%d }\n",
 		from_kuid_munged(&init_user_ns, cred->uid),
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ void validate_creds_for_do_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	kdebug("validate_creds_for_do_exit(%p,%p{%d,%d})",
 	       tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
-	       atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
 
 	__validate_process_creds(tsk, __FILE__, __LINE__);
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 13/15] creds: convert cred.usage to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable cred.usage is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/cred.h |  6 +++---
 kernel/cred.c        | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/cred.h b/include/linux/cred.h
index 00948dd..a9f217b 100644
--- a/include/linux/cred.h
+++ b/include/linux/cred.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ extern bool may_setgroups(void);
  * same context as task->real_cred.
  */
 struct cred {
-	atomic_t	usage;
+	refcount_t	usage;
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	atomic_t	subscribers;	/* number of processes subscribed */
 	void		*put_addr;
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ static inline bool cap_ambient_invariant_ok(const struct cred *cred)
  */
 static inline struct cred *get_new_cred(struct cred *cred)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&cred->usage);
+	refcount_inc(&cred->usage);
 	return cred;
 }
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ static inline void put_cred(const struct cred *_cred)
 	struct cred *cred = (struct cred *) _cred;
 
 	validate_creds(cred);
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
 		__put_cred(cred);
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/cred.c b/kernel/cred.c
index 9604c1a..86c039a 100644
--- a/kernel/cred.c
+++ b/kernel/cred.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(2) };
  * The initial credentials for the initial task
  */
 struct cred init_cred = {
-	.usage			= ATOMIC_INIT(4),
+	.usage			= REFCOUNT_INIT(4),
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	.subscribers		= ATOMIC_INIT(2),
 	.magic			= CRED_MAGIC,
@@ -101,17 +101,17 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	if (cred->magic != CRED_MAGIC_DEAD ||
-	    atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
+	    refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
 	    read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0)
 		panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with"
 		      " mag %x, put %p, usage %d, subscr %d\n",
 		      cred, cred->magic, cred->put_addr,
-		      atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+		      refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 		      read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 #else
-	if (atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
+	if (refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
 		panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with usage %d\n",
-		      cred, atomic_read(&cred->usage));
+		      cred, refcount_read(&cred->usage));
 #endif
 
 	security_cred_free(cred);
@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 void __put_cred(struct cred *cred)
 {
 	kdebug("__put_cred(%p{%d,%d})", cred,
-	       atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0);
 	cred->magic = CRED_MAGIC_DEAD;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ void exit_creds(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	struct cred *cred;
 
 	kdebug("exit_creds(%u,%p,%p,{%d,%d})", tsk->pid, tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
-	       atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
 
 	cred = (struct cred *) tsk->real_cred;
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ const struct cred *get_task_cred(struct task_struct *task)
 	do {
 		cred = __task_cred((task));
 		BUG_ON(!cred);
-	} while (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&((struct cred *)cred)->usage));
+	} while (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&((struct cred *)cred)->usage));
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 	return cred;
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ struct cred *cred_alloc_blank(void)
 	if (!new)
 		return NULL;
 
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	new->magic = CRED_MAGIC;
 #endif
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_creds(void)
 	old = task->cred;
 	memcpy(new, old, sizeof(struct cred));
 
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	get_group_info(new->group_info);
 	get_uid(new->user);
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ int copy_creds(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
 		get_cred(p->cred);
 		alter_cred_subscribers(p->cred, 2);
 		kdebug("share_creds(%p{%d,%d})",
-		       p->cred, atomic_read(&p->cred->usage),
+		       p->cred, refcount_read(&p->cred->usage),
 		       read_cred_subscribers(p->cred));
 		atomic_inc(&p->cred->user->processes);
 		return 0;
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 	const struct cred *old = task->real_cred;
 
 	kdebug("commit_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 	BUG_ON(task->cred != old);
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 	validate_creds(old);
 	validate_creds(new);
 #endif
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
 
 	get_cred(new); /* we will require a ref for the subj creds too */
 
@@ -501,13 +501,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(commit_creds);
 void abort_creds(struct cred *new)
 {
 	kdebug("abort_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(new) != 0);
 #endif
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
+	BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
 	put_cred(new);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(abort_creds);
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
 	const struct cred *old = current->cred;
 
 	kdebug("override_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
-	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&new->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
 
 	validate_creds(old);
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
 	alter_cred_subscribers(old, -1);
 
 	kdebug("override_creds() = %p{%d,%d}", old,
-	       atomic_read(&old->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&old->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(old));
 	return old;
 }
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ void revert_creds(const struct cred *old)
 	const struct cred *override = current->cred;
 
 	kdebug("revert_creds(%p{%d,%d})", old,
-	       atomic_read(&old->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&old->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(old));
 
 	validate_creds(old);
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_kernel_cred(struct task_struct *daemon)
 	validate_creds(old);
 
 	*new = *old;
-	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
 	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	get_uid(new->user);
 	get_user_ns(new->user_ns);
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ static void dump_invalid_creds(const struct cred *cred, const char *label,
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->magic=%x, put_addr=%p\n",
 	       cred->magic, cred->put_addr);
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->usage=%d, subscr=%d\n",
-	       atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
 	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->*uid = { %d,%d,%d,%d }\n",
 		from_kuid_munged(&init_user_ns, cred->uid),
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ void validate_creds_for_do_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	kdebug("validate_creds_for_do_exit(%p,%p{%d,%d})",
 	       tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
-	       atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+	       refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
 	       read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
 
 	__validate_process_creds(tsk, __FILE__, __LINE__);
-- 
2.7.4

--
To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in
the body to majordomo@kvack.org.  For more info on Linux MM,
see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ .
Don't email: <a href=mailto:"dont@kvack.org"> email@kvack.org </a>

[PATCH 14/15] kcov: convert kcov.refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable kcov.refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/kcov.c | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/kcov.c b/kernel/kcov.c
index 461c55e..03c174c 100644
--- a/kernel/kcov.c
+++ b/kernel/kcov.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/kcov.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <asm/setup.h>
 
 /* Number of 64-bit words written per one comparison: */
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ struct kcov {
 	 *  - opened file descriptor
 	 *  - task with enabled coverage (we can't unwire it from another task)
 	 */
-	atomic_t		refcount;
+	refcount_t		refcount;
 	/* The lock protects mode, size, area and t. */
 	spinlock_t		lock;
 	enum kcov_mode		mode;
@@ -227,12 +228,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__sanitizer_cov_trace_switch);
 
 static void kcov_get(struct kcov *kcov)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&kcov->refcount);
+	refcount_inc(&kcov->refcount);
 }
 
 static void kcov_put(struct kcov *kcov)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&kcov->refcount)) {
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&kcov->refcount)) {
 		vfree(kcov->area);
 		kfree(kcov);
 	}
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ static int kcov_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
 	if (!kcov)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	kcov->mode = KCOV_MODE_DISABLED;
-	atomic_set(&kcov->refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&kcov->refcount, 1);
 	spin_lock_init(&kcov->lock);
 	filep->private_data = kcov;
 	return nonseekable_open(inode, filep);
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 14/15] kcov: convert kcov.refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable kcov.refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/kcov.c | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/kcov.c b/kernel/kcov.c
index 461c55e..03c174c 100644
--- a/kernel/kcov.c
+++ b/kernel/kcov.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/kcov.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <asm/setup.h>
 
 /* Number of 64-bit words written per one comparison: */
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ struct kcov {
 	 *  - opened file descriptor
 	 *  - task with enabled coverage (we can't unwire it from another task)
 	 */
-	atomic_t		refcount;
+	refcount_t		refcount;
 	/* The lock protects mode, size, area and t. */
 	spinlock_t		lock;
 	enum kcov_mode		mode;
@@ -227,12 +228,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__sanitizer_cov_trace_switch);
 
 static void kcov_get(struct kcov *kcov)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&kcov->refcount);
+	refcount_inc(&kcov->refcount);
 }
 
 static void kcov_put(struct kcov *kcov)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&kcov->refcount)) {
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&kcov->refcount)) {
 		vfree(kcov->area);
 		kfree(kcov);
 	}
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ static int kcov_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
 	if (!kcov)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	kcov->mode = KCOV_MODE_DISABLED;
-	atomic_set(&kcov->refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&kcov->refcount, 1);
 	spin_lock_init(&kcov->lock);
 	filep->private_data = kcov;
 	return nonseekable_open(inode, filep);
-- 
2.7.4

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[PATCH 15/15] bdi: convert bdi_writeback_congested.refcnt from atomic_t to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable bdi_writeback_congested.refcnt is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h |  3 ++-
 include/linux/backing-dev.h      |  4 ++--
 mm/backing-dev.c                 | 14 ++++++++------
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h b/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
index b7c7be6..429fe3b 100644
--- a/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
+++ b/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <linux/radix-tree.h>
 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
 #include <linux/percpu-refcount.h>
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ enum wb_reason {
  */
 struct bdi_writeback_congested {
 	unsigned long state;		/* WB_[a]sync_congested flags */
-	atomic_t refcnt;		/* nr of attached wb's and blkg */
+	refcount_t refcnt;		/* nr of attached wb's and blkg */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
 	struct backing_dev_info *__bdi;	/* the associated bdi, set to NULL
diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev.h b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
index e6f5037..f3b38c4 100644
--- a/include/linux/backing-dev.h
+++ b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
@@ -401,13 +401,13 @@ static inline bool inode_cgwb_enabled(struct inode *inode)
 static inline struct bdi_writeback_congested *
 wb_congested_get_create(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int blkcg_id, gfp_t gfp)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&bdi->wb_congested->refcnt);
+	refcount_inc(&bdi->wb_congested->refcnt);
 	return bdi->wb_congested;
 }
 
 static inline void wb_congested_put(struct bdi_writeback_congested *congested)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&congested->refcnt))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&congested->refcnt))
 		kfree(congested);
 }
 
diff --git a/mm/backing-dev.c b/mm/backing-dev.c
index 74b52df..e92a20f 100644
--- a/mm/backing-dev.c
+++ b/mm/backing-dev.c
@@ -440,14 +440,17 @@ wb_congested_get_create(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int blkcg_id, gfp_t gfp)
 			node = &parent->rb_left;
 		else if (congested->blkcg_id > blkcg_id)
 			node = &parent->rb_right;
-		else
-			goto found;
+		else {
+			refcount_inc(&congested->refcnt);
+ 			goto found;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (new_congested) {
 		/* !found and storage for new one already allocated, insert */
 		congested = new_congested;
 		new_congested = NULL;
+		refcount_set(&congested->refcnt, 1);
 		rb_link_node(&congested->rb_node, parent, node);
 		rb_insert_color(&congested->rb_node, &bdi->cgwb_congested_tree);
 		goto found;
@@ -460,13 +463,12 @@ wb_congested_get_create(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int blkcg_id, gfp_t gfp)
 	if (!new_congested)
 		return NULL;
 
-	atomic_set(&new_congested->refcnt, 0);
+	refcount_set(&new_congested->refcnt, 0);
 	new_congested->__bdi = bdi;
 	new_congested->blkcg_id = blkcg_id;
 	goto retry;
 
 found:
-	atomic_inc(&congested->refcnt);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cgwb_lock, flags);
 	kfree(new_congested);
 	return congested;
@@ -483,7 +485,7 @@ void wb_congested_put(struct bdi_writeback_congested *congested)
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	local_irq_save(flags);
-	if (!atomic_dec_and_lock(&congested->refcnt, &cgwb_lock)) {
+	if (!refcount_dec_and_lock(&congested->refcnt, &cgwb_lock)) {
 		local_irq_restore(flags);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -793,7 +795,7 @@ static int cgwb_bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 	if (!bdi->wb_congested)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	atomic_set(&bdi->wb_congested->refcnt, 1);
+	refcount_set(&bdi->wb_congested->refcnt, 1);
 
 	err = wb_init(&bdi->wb, bdi, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (err) {
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 15/15] bdi: convert bdi_writeback_congested.refcnt from atomic_t to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable bdi_writeback_congested.refcnt is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h |  3 ++-
 include/linux/backing-dev.h      |  4 ++--
 mm/backing-dev.c                 | 14 ++++++++------
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h b/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
index b7c7be6..429fe3b 100644
--- a/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
+++ b/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <linux/radix-tree.h>
 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
 #include <linux/percpu-refcount.h>
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ enum wb_reason {
  */
 struct bdi_writeback_congested {
 	unsigned long state;		/* WB_[a]sync_congested flags */
-	atomic_t refcnt;		/* nr of attached wb's and blkg */
+	refcount_t refcnt;		/* nr of attached wb's and blkg */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
 	struct backing_dev_info *__bdi;	/* the associated bdi, set to NULL
diff --git a/include/linux/backing-dev.h b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
index e6f5037..f3b38c4 100644
--- a/include/linux/backing-dev.h
+++ b/include/linux/backing-dev.h
@@ -401,13 +401,13 @@ static inline bool inode_cgwb_enabled(struct inode *inode)
 static inline struct bdi_writeback_congested *
 wb_congested_get_create(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int blkcg_id, gfp_t gfp)
 {
-	atomic_inc(&bdi->wb_congested->refcnt);
+	refcount_inc(&bdi->wb_congested->refcnt);
 	return bdi->wb_congested;
 }
 
 static inline void wb_congested_put(struct bdi_writeback_congested *congested)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&congested->refcnt))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&congested->refcnt))
 		kfree(congested);
 }
 
diff --git a/mm/backing-dev.c b/mm/backing-dev.c
index 74b52df..e92a20f 100644
--- a/mm/backing-dev.c
+++ b/mm/backing-dev.c
@@ -440,14 +440,17 @@ wb_congested_get_create(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int blkcg_id, gfp_t gfp)
 			node = &parent->rb_left;
 		else if (congested->blkcg_id > blkcg_id)
 			node = &parent->rb_right;
-		else
-			goto found;
+		else {
+			refcount_inc(&congested->refcnt);
+ 			goto found;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (new_congested) {
 		/* !found and storage for new one already allocated, insert */
 		congested = new_congested;
 		new_congested = NULL;
+		refcount_set(&congested->refcnt, 1);
 		rb_link_node(&congested->rb_node, parent, node);
 		rb_insert_color(&congested->rb_node, &bdi->cgwb_congested_tree);
 		goto found;
@@ -460,13 +463,12 @@ wb_congested_get_create(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int blkcg_id, gfp_t gfp)
 	if (!new_congested)
 		return NULL;
 
-	atomic_set(&new_congested->refcnt, 0);
+	refcount_set(&new_congested->refcnt, 0);
 	new_congested->__bdi = bdi;
 	new_congested->blkcg_id = blkcg_id;
 	goto retry;
 
 found:
-	atomic_inc(&congested->refcnt);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cgwb_lock, flags);
 	kfree(new_congested);
 	return congested;
@@ -483,7 +485,7 @@ void wb_congested_put(struct bdi_writeback_congested *congested)
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	local_irq_save(flags);
-	if (!atomic_dec_and_lock(&congested->refcnt, &cgwb_lock)) {
+	if (!refcount_dec_and_lock(&congested->refcnt, &cgwb_lock)) {
 		local_irq_restore(flags);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -793,7 +795,7 @@ static int cgwb_bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 	if (!bdi->wb_congested)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	atomic_set(&bdi->wb_congested->refcnt, 1);
+	refcount_set(&bdi->wb_congested->refcnt, 1);
 
 	err = wb_init(&bdi->wb, bdi, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (err) {
-- 
2.7.4

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Re: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:

> atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
> counters with the following properties:
>  - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
>  - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
>  - once counter reaches zero, its further
>    increments aren't allowed
>  - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
>    (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)
> 
> Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
> refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
> and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
> can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.
> 
> The variable sighand_struct.count is used as pure reference counter.

This still does not mention that atomic_t != recfcount_t ordering wise and
why you think that this does not matter in that use case.

And looking deeper:

> @@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
>  	struct sighand_struct *sig;
>  
>  	if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) {
> -		atomic_inc(&current->sighand->count);
> +		refcount_inc(&current->sighand->count);
>  		return 0;

>  void __cleanup_sighand(struct sighand_struct *sighand)
>  {
> -	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
> +	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {

How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?

I complained about that before and Peter explained it to you in great
length, but you just resend the same thing again. Where is the correctness
analysis? Seriously, for this kind of stuff it's not sufficient to use a
coccinelle script and copy boiler plate change logs and be done with it.

Thanks,

	tglx

Re: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:

> atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
> counters with the following properties:
>  - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
>  - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
>  - once counter reaches zero, its further
>    increments aren't allowed
>  - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
>    (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)
> 
> Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
> refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
> and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
> can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.
> 
> The variable sighand_struct.count is used as pure reference counter.

This still does not mention that atomic_t != recfcount_t ordering wise and
why you think that this does not matter in that use case.

And looking deeper:

> @@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
>  	struct sighand_struct *sig;
>  
>  	if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) {
> -		atomic_inc(&current->sighand->count);
> +		refcount_inc(&current->sighand->count);
>  		return 0;

>  void __cleanup_sighand(struct sighand_struct *sighand)
>  {
> -	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
> +	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {

How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?

I complained about that before and Peter explained it to you in great
length, but you just resend the same thing again. Where is the correctness
analysis? Seriously, for this kind of stuff it's not sufficient to use a
coccinelle script and copy boiler plate change logs and be done with it.

Thanks,

	tglx

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RE: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Reshetova, Elena]

> On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:
> 
> > atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
> > counters with the following properties:
> >  - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
> >  - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
> >  - once counter reaches zero, its further
> >    increments aren't allowed
> >  - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
> >    (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)
> >
> > Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
> > refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
> > and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
> > can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.
> >
> > The variable sighand_struct.count is used as pure reference counter.
> 
> This still does not mention that atomic_t != recfcount_t ordering wise and
> why you think that this does not matter in that use case.
>
>
> And looking deeper:
> 
> > @@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags,
> struct task_struct *tsk)
> >  	struct sighand_struct *sig;
> >
> >  	if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) {
> > -		atomic_inc(&current->sighand->count);
> > +		refcount_inc(&current->sighand->count);
> >  		return 0;
> 
> >  void __cleanup_sighand(struct sighand_struct *sighand)
> >  {
> > -	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
> > +	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
> 
> How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
> serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?

What serialization effects? Are you taking about smth else than memory
ordering? 

For memory ordering my current hope is that we can just make refcount_t
to use same strict atomic primitives and then it would not make any difference.
I think this would be the simplest way for everyone since I think even some maintainers
are having issues understanding all the implications of "relaxed" ordering. 

Best Regards,
Elena

> 
> I complained about that before and Peter explained it to you in great
> length, but you just resend the same thing again. Where is the correctness
> analysis? Seriously, for this kind of stuff it's not sufficient to use a
> coccinelle script and copy boiler plate change logs and be done with it.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> 	tglx

RE: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Reshetova, Elena]

> On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:
> 
> > atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
> > counters with the following properties:
> >  - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
> >  - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
> >  - once counter reaches zero, its further
> >    increments aren't allowed
> >  - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
> >    (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)
> >
> > Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
> > refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
> > and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
> > can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.
> >
> > The variable sighand_struct.count is used as pure reference counter.
> 
> This still does not mention that atomic_t != recfcount_t ordering wise and
> why you think that this does not matter in that use case.
>
>
> And looking deeper:
> 
> > @@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags,
> struct task_struct *tsk)
> >  	struct sighand_struct *sig;
> >
> >  	if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) {
> > -		atomic_inc(&current->sighand->count);
> > +		refcount_inc(&current->sighand->count);
> >  		return 0;
> 
> >  void __cleanup_sighand(struct sighand_struct *sighand)
> >  {
> > -	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
> > +	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sighand->count)) {
> 
> How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
> serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?

What serialization effects? Are you taking about smth else than memory
ordering? 

For memory ordering my current hope is that we can just make refcount_t
to use same strict atomic primitives and then it would not make any difference.
I think this would be the simplest way for everyone since I think even some maintainers
are having issues understanding all the implications of "relaxed" ordering. 

Best Regards,
Elena

> 
> I complained about that before and Peter explained it to you in great
> length, but you just resend the same thing again. Where is the correctness
> analysis? Seriously, for this kind of stuff it's not sufficient to use a
> coccinelle script and copy boiler plate change logs and be done with it.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> 	tglx

--
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RE: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Mon, 23 Oct 2017, Reshetova, Elena wrote:
> > On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:
> > How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
> > serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?
> 
> What serialization effects? Are you taking about smth else than memory
> ordering? 

Well, the memory ordering constraints can be part of serialization
mechanisms. Unfortunately they are not well documented ....

> For memory ordering my current hope is that we can just make refcount_t
> to use same strict atomic primitives and then it would not make any
> difference.  I think this would be the simplest way for everyone since I
> think even some maintainers are having issues understanding all the
> implications of "relaxed" ordering.

Well, that would make indeed the conversion simpler because then it is just
a drop in replacement. Albeit there might be some places which benefit of
the relaxed ordering as on some architectures strict ordering is expensive.

Thanks,

	tglx

RE: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Mon, 23 Oct 2017, Reshetova, Elena wrote:
> > On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:
> > How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
> > serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?
> 
> What serialization effects? Are you taking about smth else than memory
> ordering? 

Well, the memory ordering constraints can be part of serialization
mechanisms. Unfortunately they are not well documented ....

> For memory ordering my current hope is that we can just make refcount_t
> to use same strict atomic primitives and then it would not make any
> difference.  I think this would be the simplest way for everyone since I
> think even some maintainers are having issues understanding all the
> implications of "relaxed" ordering.

Well, that would make indeed the conversion simpler because then it is just
a drop in replacement. Albeit there might be some places which benefit of
the relaxed ordering as on some architectures strict ordering is expensive.

Thanks,

	tglx

RE: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Mon, 23 Oct 2017, Reshetova, Elena wrote:
> > On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:
> > How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
> > serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?
> 
> What serialization effects? Are you taking about smth else than memory
> ordering? 

Well, the memory ordering constraints can be part of serialization
mechanisms. Unfortunately they are not well documented ....

> For memory ordering my current hope is that we can just make refcount_t
> to use same strict atomic primitives and then it would not make any
> difference.  I think this would be the simplest way for everyone since I
> think even some maintainers are having issues understanding all the
> implications of "relaxed" ordering.

Well, that would make indeed the conversion simpler because then it is just
a drop in replacement. Albeit there might be some places which benefit of
the relaxed ordering as on some architectures strict ordering is expensive.

Thanks,

	tglx

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RE: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Reshetova, Elena]

> On Mon, 23 Oct 2017, Reshetova, Elena wrote:
> > > On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:
> > > How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
> > > serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?
> >
> > What serialization effects? Are you taking about smth else than memory
> > ordering?
> 
> Well, the memory ordering constraints can be part of serialization
> mechanisms. Unfortunately they are not well documented ....

Would you be able to point to any documentation or examples of this?
I would be happy to understand more, it is really not smth very straightforward.

The reason I also don't want to confuse people even more with this ordering issue
is that it can be different if you use arch. specific implementation vs. arch. independent.
So, it is not as simple as to say "refcount_t would always result in weak memory ordering",
it really depends what REFCOUNT config option is "on", what arch. you are running on etc.
Nothing to add is that by default refount_t = atomic_t unless you start enabling
the related configs...
 
> 
> > For memory ordering my current hope is that we can just make refcount_t
> > to use same strict atomic primitives and then it would not make any
> > difference.  I think this would be the simplest way for everyone since I
> > think even some maintainers are having issues understanding all the
> > implications of "relaxed" ordering.
> 
> Well, that would make indeed the conversion simpler because then it is just
> a drop in replacement. Albeit there might be some places which benefit of
> the relaxed ordering as on some architectures strict ordering is expensive.

Well refcount_t was not meant to provide any other benefits from atomic_t apart from
better security guarantees and potentially better written code (less possibilities to do smth
stupid with a smaller API). If someone really have an issue with speed, they should be enabling
arch. specific refcount_t implementation for their arch. anyway and then it is hopefully does
it the best possible/faster way. 

Best Regards,
Elena.

> 
> Thanks,
> 
> 	tglx

RE: [PATCH 01/15] sched: convert sighand_struct.count to refcount_t

[Reshetova, Elena]

> On Mon, 23 Oct 2017, Reshetova, Elena wrote:
> > > On Fri, 20 Oct 2017, Elena Reshetova wrote:
> > > How did you make sure that these atomic operations have no other
> > > serialization effect and can be replaced with refcount?
> >
> > What serialization effects? Are you taking about smth else than memory
> > ordering?
> 
> Well, the memory ordering constraints can be part of serialization
> mechanisms. Unfortunately they are not well documented ....

Would you be able to point to any documentation or examples of this?
I would be happy to understand more, it is really not smth very straightforward.

The reason I also don't want to confuse people even more with this ordering issue
is that it can be different if you use arch. specific implementation vs. arch. independent.
So, it is not as simple as to say "refcount_t would always result in weak memory ordering",
it really depends what REFCOUNT config option is "on", what arch. you are running on etc.
Nothing to add is that by default refount_t = atomic_t unless you start enabling
the related configs...
 
> 
> > For memory ordering my current hope is that we can just make refcount_t
> > to use same strict atomic primitives and then it would not make any
> > difference.  I think this would be the simplest way for everyone since I
> > think even some maintainers are having issues understanding all the
> > implications of "relaxed" ordering.
> 
> Well, that would make indeed the conversion simpler because then it is just
> a drop in replacement. Albeit there might be some places which benefit of
> the relaxed ordering as on some architectures strict ordering is expensive.

Well refcount_t was not meant to provide any other benefits from atomic_t apart from
better security guarantees and potentially better written code (less possibilities to do smth
stupid with a smaller API). If someone really have an issue with speed, they should be enabling
arch. specific refcount_t implementation for their arch. anyway and then it is hopefully does
it the best possible/faster way. 

Best Regards,
Elena.

> 
> Thanks,
> 
> 	tglx

--
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[PATCH 09/15] perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.aux_refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable ring_buffer.aux_refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/core.c        | 2 +-
 kernel/events/internal.h    | 2 +-
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 43da16ef..09c6704 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -5164,7 +5164,7 @@ static void perf_mmap_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 
 		/* this has to be the last one */
 		rb_free_aux(rb);
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(refcount_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
 
 		mutex_unlock(&event->mmap_mutex);
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index b8e6fdf..fb55716 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct ring_buffer {
 	atomic_t			aux_mmap_count;
 	unsigned long			aux_mmap_locked;
 	void				(*free_aux)(void *);
-	atomic_t			aux_refcount;
+	refcount_t			aux_refcount;
 	void				**aux_pages;
 	void				*aux_priv;
 
diff --git a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
index 3353572..ba12fd2 100644
--- a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ void *perf_aux_output_begin(struct perf_output_handle *handle,
 	if (!atomic_read(&rb->aux_mmap_count))
 		goto err;
 
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		goto err;
 
 	/*
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 	 * we keep a refcount here to make sure either of the two can
 	 * reference them safely.
 	 */
-	atomic_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
 
 	rb->aux_overwrite = overwrite;
 	rb->aux_watermark = watermark;
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 
 void rb_free_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		__rb_free_aux(rb);
 }
 
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 09/15] perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.aux_refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable ring_buffer.aux_refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/core.c        | 2 +-
 kernel/events/internal.h    | 2 +-
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 4169469..031cb8e 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -5164,7 +5164,7 @@ static void perf_mmap_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 
 		/* this has to be the last one */
 		rb_free_aux(rb);
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(refcount_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
 
 		mutex_unlock(&event->mmap_mutex);
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index b8e6fdf..fb55716 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct ring_buffer {
 	atomic_t			aux_mmap_count;
 	unsigned long			aux_mmap_locked;
 	void				(*free_aux)(void *);
-	atomic_t			aux_refcount;
+	refcount_t			aux_refcount;
 	void				**aux_pages;
 	void				*aux_priv;
 
diff --git a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
index 3353572..ba12fd2 100644
--- a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ void *perf_aux_output_begin(struct perf_output_handle *handle,
 	if (!atomic_read(&rb->aux_mmap_count))
 		goto err;
 
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		goto err;
 
 	/*
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 	 * we keep a refcount here to make sure either of the two can
 	 * reference them safely.
 	 */
-	atomic_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
 
 	rb->aux_overwrite = overwrite;
 	rb->aux_watermark = watermark;
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 
 void rb_free_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		__rb_free_aux(rb);
 }
 
-- 
2.7.4

[PATCH 09/15] perf/ring_buffer: convert ring_buffer.aux_refcount to refcount_t

[Elena Reshetova]

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
 - counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
 - a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
 - once counter reaches zero, its further
   increments aren't allowed
 - counter schema uses basic atomic operations
   (set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable ring_buffer.aux_refcount is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
---
 kernel/events/core.c        | 2 +-
 kernel/events/internal.h    | 2 +-
 kernel/events/ring_buffer.c | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index 9147397..072327e 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -5124,7 +5124,7 @@ static void perf_mmap_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 
 		/* this has to be the last one */
 		rb_free_aux(rb);
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(refcount_read(&rb->aux_refcount));
 
 		mutex_unlock(&event->mmap_mutex);
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index b8e6fdf..fb55716 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ struct ring_buffer {
 	atomic_t			aux_mmap_count;
 	unsigned long			aux_mmap_locked;
 	void				(*free_aux)(void *);
-	atomic_t			aux_refcount;
+	refcount_t			aux_refcount;
 	void				**aux_pages;
 	void				*aux_priv;
 
diff --git a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
index 3353572..ba12fd2 100644
--- a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ void *perf_aux_output_begin(struct perf_output_handle *handle,
 	if (!atomic_read(&rb->aux_mmap_count))
 		goto err;
 
-	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		goto err;
 
 	/*
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 	 * we keep a refcount here to make sure either of the two can
 	 * reference them safely.
 	 */
-	atomic_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
+	refcount_set(&rb->aux_refcount, 1);
 
 	rb->aux_overwrite = overwrite;
 	rb->aux_watermark = watermark;
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ int rb_alloc_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb, struct perf_event *event,
 
 void rb_free_aux(struct ring_buffer *rb)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&rb->aux_refcount))
 		__rb_free_aux(rb);
 }
 
-- 
2.7.4