[PATCH v6 0/3] tools/libxc: use superpages

[PATCH v6 0/3] tools/libxc: use superpages

[Olaf Hering]

Using superpages on the receiving dom0 will avoid performance regressions.

Olaf

v6:
 handle freeing of partly populated superpages correctly
 more DPRINTFs
v5:
 send correct version, rebase was not fully finished
v4:
 restore trailing "_bit" in bitmap function names
 keep track of gaps between previous and current batch
 split alloc functionality in x86_hvm_allocate_pfn
v3:
 clear pointer in xc_sr_bitmap_free
 some coding style changes
 use getdomaininfo.max_pages to avoid Over-allocation check
 trim bitmap function names, drop trailing "_bit"
 add some comments
v2:
 split into individual commits


Olaf Hering (3):
  tools/libxc: move SUPERPAGE macros to common header
  tools/libxc: add API for bitmap access for restore
  tools/libxc: use superpages during restore of HVM guest

 tools/libxc/xc_dom_x86.c            |   5 -
 tools/libxc/xc_private.h            |   5 +
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.c          |  41 +++++
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h          |  93 ++++++++++--
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c         | 141 ++----------------
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c | 288 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_pv.c  |  72 ++++++++-
 7 files changed, 497 insertions(+), 148 deletions(-)


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[PATCH v6 1/3] tools/libxc: move SUPERPAGE macros to common header

[Olaf Hering]

The macros SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT and SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT will be used by
other code in libxc. Move the macros to a header file.

Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Acked-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
---
 tools/libxc/xc_dom_x86.c | 5 -----
 tools/libxc/xc_private.h | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_dom_x86.c b/tools/libxc/xc_dom_x86.c
index cb68efcbd3..5aff5cad58 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_dom_x86.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_dom_x86.c
@@ -43,11 +43,6 @@
 
 #define SUPERPAGE_BATCH_SIZE 512
 
-#define SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT   9
-#define SUPERPAGE_2MB_NR_PFNS (1UL << SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT)
-#define SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT   18
-#define SUPERPAGE_1GB_NR_PFNS (1UL << SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT)
-
 #define X86_CR0_PE 0x01
 #define X86_CR0_ET 0x10
 
diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_private.h b/tools/libxc/xc_private.h
index 1c27b0fded..d581f850b0 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_private.h
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_private.h
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ struct iovec {
 #define DECLARE_FLASK_OP struct xen_flask_op op
 #define DECLARE_PLATFORM_OP struct xen_platform_op platform_op
 
+#define SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT   9
+#define SUPERPAGE_2MB_NR_PFNS (1UL << SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT)
+#define SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT   18
+#define SUPERPAGE_1GB_NR_PFNS (1UL << SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT)
+
 #undef PAGE_SHIFT
 #undef PAGE_SIZE
 #undef PAGE_MASK

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[PATCH v6 2/3] tools/libxc: add API for bitmap access for restore

[Olaf Hering]

Extend API for managing bitmaps. Each bitmap is now represented by a
generic struct xc_sr_bitmap.
Switch the existing populated_pfns to this API.

Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Acked-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu2@citrix.com>
---
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.c  | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h  | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c | 66 ++-----------------------------------------
 3 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.c b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.c
index 79b9c3e940..4d221ca90c 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.c
@@ -155,6 +155,47 @@ static void __attribute__((unused)) build_assertions(void)
     BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct xc_sr_rec_hvm_params)        != 8);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Expand the tracking structures as needed.
+ * To avoid realloc()ing too excessively, the size increased to the nearest power
+ * of two large enough to contain the required number of bits.
+ */
+bool _xc_sr_bitmap_resize(struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm, unsigned long bits)
+{
+    if (bits > bm->bits)
+    {
+        size_t new_max;
+        size_t old_sz, new_sz;
+        void *p;
+
+        /* Round up to the nearest power of two larger than bit, less 1. */
+        new_max = bits;
+        new_max |= new_max >> 1;
+        new_max |= new_max >> 2;
+        new_max |= new_max >> 4;
+        new_max |= new_max >> 8;
+        new_max |= new_max >> 16;
+#ifdef __x86_64__
+        new_max |= new_max >> 32;
+#endif
+
+        old_sz = bitmap_size(bm->bits + 1);
+        new_sz = bitmap_size(new_max + 1);
+        p = realloc(bm->p, new_sz);
+        if (!p)
+            return false;
+
+        if (bm->p)
+            memset(p + old_sz, 0, new_sz - old_sz);
+        else
+            memset(p, 0, new_sz);
+
+        bm->p = p;
+        bm->bits = new_max;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 /*
  * Local variables:
  * mode: C
diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
index a83f22af4e..da2691ba79 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
@@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ struct xc_sr_x86_pv_restore_vcpu
     size_t basicsz, extdsz, xsavesz, msrsz;
 };
 
+struct xc_sr_bitmap
+{
+    void *p;
+    unsigned long bits;
+};
+
 struct xc_sr_context
 {
     xc_interface *xch;
@@ -255,8 +261,7 @@ struct xc_sr_context
             domid_t      xenstore_domid,  console_domid;
 
             /* Bitmap of currently populated PFNs during restore. */
-            unsigned long *populated_pfns;
-            xen_pfn_t max_populated_pfn;
+            struct xc_sr_bitmap populated_pfns;
 
             /* Sender has invoked verify mode on the stream. */
             bool verify;
@@ -343,6 +348,65 @@ extern struct xc_sr_save_ops save_ops_x86_hvm;
 extern struct xc_sr_restore_ops restore_ops_x86_pv;
 extern struct xc_sr_restore_ops restore_ops_x86_hvm;
 
+extern bool _xc_sr_bitmap_resize(struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm, unsigned long bits);
+
+static inline bool xc_sr_bitmap_resize(struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm, unsigned long bits)
+{
+    if (bits > bm->bits)
+        return _xc_sr_bitmap_resize(bm, bits);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static inline void xc_sr_bitmap_free(struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm)
+{
+    free(bm->p);
+    bm->p = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool xc_sr_set_bit(unsigned long bit, struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm)
+{
+    if (!xc_sr_bitmap_resize(bm, bit))
+        return false;
+
+    set_bit(bit, bm->p);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool xc_sr_test_bit(unsigned long bit, struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm)
+{
+    if (bit > bm->bits)
+        return false;
+    return !!test_bit(bit, bm->p);
+}
+
+static inline int xc_sr_test_and_clear_bit(unsigned long bit, struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm)
+{
+    return test_and_clear_bit(bit, bm->p);
+}
+
+static inline int xc_sr_test_and_set_bit(unsigned long bit, struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm)
+{
+    return test_and_set_bit(bit, bm->p);
+}
+
+static inline bool pfn_is_populated(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, xen_pfn_t pfn)
+{
+    return xc_sr_test_bit(pfn, &ctx->restore.populated_pfns);
+}
+
+static inline int pfn_set_populated(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, xen_pfn_t pfn)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+
+    if ( !xc_sr_set_bit(pfn, &ctx->restore.populated_pfns) )
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to realloc populated_pfns bitmap");
+        errno = ENOMEM;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 struct xc_sr_record
 {
     uint32_t type;
diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
index a016678332..d53948e1a6 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
@@ -68,64 +68,6 @@ static int read_headers(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Is a pfn populated?
- */
-static bool pfn_is_populated(const struct xc_sr_context *ctx, xen_pfn_t pfn)
-{
-    if ( pfn > ctx->restore.max_populated_pfn )
-        return false;
-    return test_bit(pfn, ctx->restore.populated_pfns);
-}
-
-/*
- * Set a pfn as populated, expanding the tracking structures if needed. To
- * avoid realloc()ing too excessively, the size increased to the nearest power
- * of two large enough to contain the required pfn.
- */
-static int pfn_set_populated(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, xen_pfn_t pfn)
-{
-    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
-
-    if ( pfn > ctx->restore.max_populated_pfn )
-    {
-        xen_pfn_t new_max;
-        size_t old_sz, new_sz;
-        unsigned long *p;
-
-        /* Round up to the nearest power of two larger than pfn, less 1. */
-        new_max = pfn;
-        new_max |= new_max >> 1;
-        new_max |= new_max >> 2;
-        new_max |= new_max >> 4;
-        new_max |= new_max >> 8;
-        new_max |= new_max >> 16;
-#ifdef __x86_64__
-        new_max |= new_max >> 32;
-#endif
-
-        old_sz = bitmap_size(ctx->restore.max_populated_pfn + 1);
-        new_sz = bitmap_size(new_max + 1);
-        p = realloc(ctx->restore.populated_pfns, new_sz);
-        if ( !p )
-        {
-            ERROR("Failed to realloc populated bitmap");
-            errno = ENOMEM;
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        memset((uint8_t *)p + old_sz, 0x00, new_sz - old_sz);
-
-        ctx->restore.populated_pfns    = p;
-        ctx->restore.max_populated_pfn = new_max;
-    }
-
-    assert(!test_bit(pfn, ctx->restore.populated_pfns));
-    set_bit(pfn, ctx->restore.populated_pfns);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
 /*
  * Given a set of pfns, obtain memory from Xen to fill the physmap for the
  * unpopulated subset.  If types is NULL, no page type checking is performed
@@ -684,10 +626,8 @@ static int setup(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
     if ( rc )
         goto err;
 
-    ctx->restore.max_populated_pfn = (32 * 1024 / 4) - 1;
-    ctx->restore.populated_pfns = bitmap_alloc(
-        ctx->restore.max_populated_pfn + 1);
-    if ( !ctx->restore.populated_pfns )
+    rc = !xc_sr_bitmap_resize(&ctx->restore.populated_pfns, 32 * 1024 / 4);
+    if ( rc )
     {
         ERROR("Unable to allocate memory for populated_pfns bitmap");
         rc = -1;
@@ -722,7 +662,7 @@ static void cleanup(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
         xc_hypercall_buffer_free_pages(xch, dirty_bitmap,
                                    NRPAGES(bitmap_size(ctx->restore.p2m_size)));
     free(ctx->restore.buffered_records);
-    free(ctx->restore.populated_pfns);
+    xc_sr_bitmap_free(&ctx->restore.populated_pfns);
     if ( ctx->restore.ops.cleanup(ctx) )
         PERROR("Failed to clean up");
 }

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[PATCH v6 3/3] tools/libxc: use superpages during restore of HVM guest

[Olaf Hering]

During creating of a HVM domU meminit_hvm() tries to map superpages.
After save/restore or migration this mapping is lost, everything is
allocated in single pages. This causes a performance degradition after
migration.

Add neccessary code to preallocate a superpage for the chunk of pfns
that is received. In case a pfn was not populated on the sending side it
must be freed on the receiving side to avoid over-allocation.

The existing code for x86_pv is moved unmodified into its own file.

Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
---
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h          |  25 +++-
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c         |  75 +---------
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c | 288 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_pv.c  |  72 ++++++++-
 4 files changed, 382 insertions(+), 78 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
index da2691ba79..0fa0fbea4d 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
@@ -139,6 +139,16 @@ struct xc_sr_restore_ops
      */
     int (*setup)(struct xc_sr_context *ctx);
 
+    /**
+     * Populate PFNs
+     *
+     * Given a set of pfns, obtain memory from Xen to fill the physmap for the
+     * unpopulated subset.
+     */
+    int (*populate_pfns)(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
+                         const xen_pfn_t *original_pfns, const uint32_t *types);
+
+
     /**
      * Process an individual record from the stream.  The caller shall take
      * care of processing common records (e.g. END, PAGE_DATA).
@@ -224,6 +234,8 @@ struct xc_sr_context
 
             int send_back_fd;
             unsigned long p2m_size;
+            unsigned long max_pages;
+            unsigned long tot_pages;
             xc_hypercall_buffer_t dirty_bitmap_hbuf;
 
             /* From Image Header. */
@@ -336,6 +348,11 @@ struct xc_sr_context
                     /* HVM context blob. */
                     void *context;
                     size_t contextsz;
+
+                    /* Bitmap of currently allocated PFNs during restore. */
+                    struct xc_sr_bitmap attempted_1g;
+                    struct xc_sr_bitmap attempted_2m;
+                    struct xc_sr_bitmap allocated_pfns;
                 } restore;
             };
         } x86_hvm;
@@ -455,14 +472,6 @@ static inline int write_record(struct xc_sr_context *ctx,
  */
 int read_record(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, int fd, struct xc_sr_record *rec);
 
-/*
- * This would ideally be private in restore.c, but is needed by
- * x86_pv_localise_page() if we receive pagetables frames ahead of the
- * contents of the frames they point at.
- */
-int populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
-                  const xen_pfn_t *original_pfns, const uint32_t *types);
-
 #endif
 /*
  * Local variables:
diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
index d53948e1a6..8cd9289d1a 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
@@ -68,74 +68,6 @@ static int read_headers(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Given a set of pfns, obtain memory from Xen to fill the physmap for the
- * unpopulated subset.  If types is NULL, no page type checking is performed
- * and all unpopulated pfns are populated.
- */
-int populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
-                  const xen_pfn_t *original_pfns, const uint32_t *types)
-{
-    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
-    xen_pfn_t *mfns = malloc(count * sizeof(*mfns)),
-        *pfns = malloc(count * sizeof(*pfns));
-    unsigned i, nr_pfns = 0;
-    int rc = -1;
-
-    if ( !mfns || !pfns )
-    {
-        ERROR("Failed to allocate %zu bytes for populating the physmap",
-              2 * count * sizeof(*mfns));
-        goto err;
-    }
-
-    for ( i = 0; i < count; ++i )
-    {
-        if ( (!types || (types &&
-                         (types[i] != XEN_DOMCTL_PFINFO_XTAB &&
-                          types[i] != XEN_DOMCTL_PFINFO_BROKEN))) &&
-             !pfn_is_populated(ctx, original_pfns[i]) )
-        {
-            rc = pfn_set_populated(ctx, original_pfns[i]);
-            if ( rc )
-                goto err;
-            pfns[nr_pfns] = mfns[nr_pfns] = original_pfns[i];
-            ++nr_pfns;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if ( nr_pfns )
-    {
-        rc = xc_domain_populate_physmap_exact(
-            xch, ctx->domid, nr_pfns, 0, 0, mfns);
-        if ( rc )
-        {
-            PERROR("Failed to populate physmap");
-            goto err;
-        }
-
-        for ( i = 0; i < nr_pfns; ++i )
-        {
-            if ( mfns[i] == INVALID_MFN )
-            {
-                ERROR("Populate physmap failed for pfn %u", i);
-                rc = -1;
-                goto err;
-            }
-
-            ctx->restore.ops.set_gfn(ctx, pfns[i], mfns[i]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    rc = 0;
-
- err:
-    free(pfns);
-    free(mfns);
-
-    return rc;
-}
-
 /*
  * Given a list of pfns, their types, and a block of page data from the
  * stream, populate and record their types, map the relevant subset and copy
@@ -161,7 +93,7 @@ static int process_page_data(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
         goto err;
     }
 
-    rc = populate_pfns(ctx, count, pfns, types);
+    rc = ctx->restore.ops.populate_pfns(ctx, count, pfns, types);
     if ( rc )
     {
         ERROR("Failed to populate pfns for batch of %u pages", count);
@@ -826,7 +758,12 @@ int xc_domain_restore(xc_interface *xch, int io_fd, uint32_t dom,
         return -1;
     }
 
+    /* See xc_domain_getinfo */
+    ctx.restore.max_pages = ctx.dominfo.max_memkb >> (PAGE_SHIFT-10);
+    ctx.restore.tot_pages = ctx.dominfo.nr_pages;
     ctx.restore.p2m_size = nr_pfns;
+    DPRINTF("dom %u p2m_size %lx max_pages %lx",
+            ctx.domid, ctx.restore.p2m_size, ctx.restore.max_pages);
 
     if ( ctx.dominfo.hvm )
     {
diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c
index 1dca85354a..2b0eca0c7c 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c
@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ static int x86_hvm_localise_page(struct xc_sr_context *ctx,
 static int x86_hvm_setup(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
 {
     xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm;
+    unsigned long bits;
 
     if ( ctx->restore.guest_type != DHDR_TYPE_X86_HVM )
     {
@@ -149,7 +151,30 @@ static int x86_hvm_setup(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
         return -1;
     }
 
+    bm = &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_1g;
+    bits = (ctx->restore.p2m_size >> SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT) + 1;
+    if ( xc_sr_bitmap_resize(bm, bits) == false )
+        goto out;
+
+    bm = &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_2m;
+    bits = (ctx->restore.p2m_size >> SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT) + 1;
+    if ( xc_sr_bitmap_resize(bm, bits) == false )
+        goto out;
+
+    bm = &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.allocated_pfns;
+    bits = ctx->restore.p2m_size + 1;
+    if ( xc_sr_bitmap_resize(bm, bits) == false )
+        goto out;
+
+    /* No superpage in 1st 2MB due to VGA hole */
+    xc_sr_set_bit(0, &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_1g);
+    xc_sr_set_bit(0, &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_2m);
+
     return 0;
+
+out:
+    ERROR("Unable to allocate memory for pfn bitmaps");
+    return -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -224,10 +249,272 @@ static int x86_hvm_stream_complete(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
 static int x86_hvm_cleanup(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
 {
     free(ctx->x86_hvm.restore.context);
+    xc_sr_bitmap_free(&ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_1g);
+    xc_sr_bitmap_free(&ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_2m);
+    xc_sr_bitmap_free(&ctx->x86_hvm.restore.allocated_pfns);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Set a pfn as allocated, expanding the tracking structures if needed.
+ */
+static int pfn_set_allocated(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, xen_pfn_t pfn)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+
+    if ( !xc_sr_set_bit(pfn, &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.allocated_pfns) )
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to realloc allocated_pfns bitmap");
+        errno = ENOMEM;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+struct x86_hvm_sp {
+    xen_pfn_t pfn;
+    xen_pfn_t base_pfn;
+    unsigned long index;
+    unsigned long count;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Try to allocate a 1GB page for this pfn, but avoid Over-allocation.
+ * If this succeeds, mark the range of 2MB pages as busy.
+ */
+static bool x86_hvm_alloc_1g(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, struct x86_hvm_sp *sp)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm;
+    unsigned int order, shift;
+    int i, done;
+    xen_pfn_t extent;
+
+    bm = &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_1g;
+
+    /* Only one attempt to avoid overlapping allocation */
+    if ( xc_sr_test_and_set_bit(sp->index, bm) )
+        return false;
+
+    order = SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT;
+    sp->count = 1ULL << order;
+
+    /* Allocate only if there is room for another superpage */
+    if ( ctx->restore.tot_pages + sp->count > ctx->restore.max_pages )
+        return false;
+
+    extent = sp->base_pfn = (sp->pfn >> order) << order;
+    done = xc_domain_populate_physmap(xch, ctx->domid, 1, order, 0, &extent);
+    if ( done < 0 ) {
+        PERROR("populate_physmap failed.");
+        return false;
+    }
+    if ( done == 0 )
+        return false;
+
+    DPRINTF("1G base_pfn %" PRI_xen_pfn "\n", sp->base_pfn);
+
+    /* Mark all 2MB pages as done to avoid overlapping allocation */
+    bm = &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_2m;
+    shift = SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT - SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT;
+    for ( i = 0; i < (sp->count >> shift); i++ )
+        xc_sr_set_bit((sp->base_pfn >> SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT) + i, bm);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/* Allocate a 2MB page if x86_hvm_alloc_1g failed, avoid Over-allocation. */
+static bool x86_hvm_alloc_2m(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, struct x86_hvm_sp *sp)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm;
+    unsigned int order;
+    int done;
+    xen_pfn_t extent;
+
+    bm = &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_2m;
+
+    /* Only one attempt to avoid overlapping allocation */
+    if ( xc_sr_test_and_set_bit(sp->index, bm) )
+        return false;
+
+    order = SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT;
+    sp->count = 1ULL << order;
+
+    /* Allocate only if there is room for another superpage */
+    if ( ctx->restore.tot_pages + sp->count > ctx->restore.max_pages )
+        return false;
+
+    extent = sp->base_pfn = (sp->pfn >> order) << order;
+    done = xc_domain_populate_physmap(xch, ctx->domid, 1, order, 0, &extent);
+    if ( done < 0 ) {
+        PERROR("populate_physmap failed.");
+        return false;
+    }
+    if ( done == 0 )
+        return false;
+
+    DPRINTF("2M base_pfn %" PRI_xen_pfn "\n", sp->base_pfn);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/* Allocate a single page if x86_hvm_alloc_2m failed. */
+static bool x86_hvm_alloc_4k(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, struct x86_hvm_sp *sp)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    unsigned int order;
+    int done;
+    xen_pfn_t extent;
+
+    order = 0;
+    sp->count = 1ULL << order;
+
+    /* Allocate only if there is room for another page */
+    if ( ctx->restore.tot_pages + sp->count > ctx->restore.max_pages )
+        return false;
+
+    extent = sp->base_pfn = (sp->pfn >> order) << order;
+    done = xc_domain_populate_physmap(xch, ctx->domid, 1, order, 0, &extent);
+    if ( done < 0 ) {
+        PERROR("populate_physmap failed.");
+        return false;
+    }
+    if ( done == 0 )
+        return false;
+
+    DPRINTF("4K base_pfn %" PRI_xen_pfn "\n", sp->base_pfn);
+    return true;
+}
+/*
+ * Attempt to allocate a superpage where the pfn resides.
+ */
+static int x86_hvm_allocate_pfn(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, xen_pfn_t pfn)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    bool success;
+    int rc = -1;
+    unsigned long idx_1g, idx_2m;
+    struct x86_hvm_sp sp = {
+        .pfn = pfn
+    };
+
+    if ( xc_sr_test_bit(pfn, &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.allocated_pfns) )
+        return 0;
+
+    idx_1g = pfn >> SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT;
+    idx_2m = pfn >> SUPERPAGE_2MB_SHIFT;
+    if ( !xc_sr_bitmap_resize(&ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_1g, idx_1g) )
+    {
+        PERROR("Failed to realloc attempted_1g");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if ( !xc_sr_bitmap_resize(&ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_2m, idx_2m) )
+    {
+        PERROR("Failed to realloc attempted_2m");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    sp.index = idx_1g;
+    success = x86_hvm_alloc_1g(ctx, &sp);
+
+    if ( success == false ) {
+        sp.index = idx_2m;
+        success = x86_hvm_alloc_2m(ctx, &sp);
+    }
+
+    if ( success == false ) {
+        sp.index = 0;
+        success = x86_hvm_alloc_4k(ctx, &sp);
+    }
+
+    if ( success == true ) {
+        do {
+            sp.count--;
+            ctx->restore.tot_pages++;
+            rc = pfn_set_allocated(ctx, sp.base_pfn + sp.count);
+            if ( rc )
+                break;
+        } while ( sp.count );
+    }
+    return rc;
+}
+
+static int x86_hvm_populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
+                                 const xen_pfn_t *original_pfns,
+                                 const uint32_t *types)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    xen_pfn_t pfn, min_pfn = original_pfns[0], max_pfn = original_pfns[0];
+    unsigned i, freed = 0, order;
+    int rc = -1;
+
+    for ( i = 0; i < count; ++i )
+    {
+        if ( original_pfns[i] < min_pfn )
+            min_pfn = original_pfns[i];
+        if ( original_pfns[i] > max_pfn )
+            max_pfn = original_pfns[i];
+    }
+    DPRINTF("batch of %u pfns between %" PRI_xen_pfn " %" PRI_xen_pfn "\n",
+            count, min_pfn, max_pfn);
+
+    for ( i = 0; i < count; ++i )
+    {
+        if ( (types[i] != XEN_DOMCTL_PFINFO_XTAB &&
+              types[i] != XEN_DOMCTL_PFINFO_BROKEN) &&
+             !pfn_is_populated(ctx, original_pfns[i]) )
+        {
+            rc = x86_hvm_allocate_pfn(ctx, original_pfns[i]);
+            if ( rc )
+                goto err;
+            rc = pfn_set_populated(ctx, original_pfns[i]);
+            if ( rc )
+                goto err;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Scan the entire superpage because several batches will fit into
+     * a superpage, and it is unknown which pfn triggered the allocation.
+     */
+    order = SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT;
+    pfn = min_pfn = (min_pfn >> order) << order;
+
+    while ( pfn <= max_pfn )
+    {
+        struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm;
+        bm = &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.allocated_pfns;
+        if ( !xc_sr_bitmap_resize(bm, pfn) )
+        {
+            PERROR("Failed to realloc allocated_pfns %" PRI_xen_pfn, pfn);
+            goto err;
+        }
+        if ( !pfn_is_populated(ctx, pfn) &&
+            xc_sr_test_and_clear_bit(pfn, bm) ) {
+            xen_pfn_t p = pfn;
+            rc = xc_domain_decrease_reservation_exact(xch, ctx->domid, 1, 0, &p);
+            if ( rc )
+            {
+                PERROR("Failed to release pfn %" PRI_xen_pfn, pfn);
+                goto err;
+            }
+            ctx->restore.tot_pages--;
+            freed++;
+        }
+        pfn++;
+    }
+    if ( freed )
+        DPRINTF("freed %u between %" PRI_xen_pfn " %" PRI_xen_pfn "\n",
+                freed, min_pfn, max_pfn);
+
+    rc = 0;
+
+ err:
+    return rc;
+}
+
+
 struct xc_sr_restore_ops restore_ops_x86_hvm =
 {
     .pfn_is_valid    = x86_hvm_pfn_is_valid,
@@ -236,6 +523,7 @@ struct xc_sr_restore_ops restore_ops_x86_hvm =
     .set_page_type   = x86_hvm_set_page_type,
     .localise_page   = x86_hvm_localise_page,
     .setup           = x86_hvm_setup,
+    .populate_pfns   = x86_hvm_populate_pfns,
     .process_record  = x86_hvm_process_record,
     .stream_complete = x86_hvm_stream_complete,
     .cleanup         = x86_hvm_cleanup,
diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_pv.c b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_pv.c
index 50e25c162c..87957559bc 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_pv.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_pv.c
@@ -936,6 +936,75 @@ static void x86_pv_set_gfn(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, xen_pfn_t pfn,
         ((uint32_t *)ctx->x86_pv.p2m)[pfn] = mfn;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Given a set of pfns, obtain memory from Xen to fill the physmap for the
+ * unpopulated subset.  If types is NULL, no page type checking is performed
+ * and all unpopulated pfns are populated.
+ */
+static int x86_pv_populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
+                                const xen_pfn_t *original_pfns,
+                                const uint32_t *types)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    xen_pfn_t *mfns = malloc(count * sizeof(*mfns)),
+        *pfns = malloc(count * sizeof(*pfns));
+    unsigned i, nr_pfns = 0;
+    int rc = -1;
+
+    if ( !mfns || !pfns )
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to allocate %zu bytes for populating the physmap",
+              2 * count * sizeof(*mfns));
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    for ( i = 0; i < count; ++i )
+    {
+        if ( (!types || (types &&
+                         (types[i] != XEN_DOMCTL_PFINFO_XTAB &&
+                          types[i] != XEN_DOMCTL_PFINFO_BROKEN))) &&
+             !pfn_is_populated(ctx, original_pfns[i]) )
+        {
+            rc = pfn_set_populated(ctx, original_pfns[i]);
+            if ( rc )
+                goto err;
+            pfns[nr_pfns] = mfns[nr_pfns] = original_pfns[i];
+            ++nr_pfns;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( nr_pfns )
+    {
+        rc = xc_domain_populate_physmap_exact(
+            xch, ctx->domid, nr_pfns, 0, 0, mfns);
+        if ( rc )
+        {
+            PERROR("Failed to populate physmap");
+            goto err;
+        }
+
+        for ( i = 0; i < nr_pfns; ++i )
+        {
+            if ( mfns[i] == INVALID_MFN )
+            {
+                ERROR("Populate physmap failed for pfn %u", i);
+                rc = -1;
+                goto err;
+            }
+
+            ctx->restore.ops.set_gfn(ctx, pfns[i], mfns[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    rc = 0;
+
+ err:
+    free(pfns);
+    free(mfns);
+
+    return rc;
+}
+
 /*
  * restore_ops function.  Convert pfns back to mfns in pagetables.  Possibly
  * needs to populate new frames if a PTE is found referring to a frame which
@@ -980,7 +1049,7 @@ static int x86_pv_localise_page(struct xc_sr_context *ctx,
         }
     }
 
-    if ( to_populate && populate_pfns(ctx, to_populate, pfns, NULL) )
+    if ( to_populate && x86_pv_populate_pfns(ctx, to_populate, pfns, NULL) )
         return -1;
 
     for ( i = 0; i < (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(uint64_t)); ++i )
@@ -1160,6 +1229,7 @@ struct xc_sr_restore_ops restore_ops_x86_pv =
     .set_gfn         = x86_pv_set_gfn,
     .localise_page   = x86_pv_localise_page,
     .setup           = x86_pv_setup,
+    .populate_pfns   = x86_pv_populate_pfns,
     .process_record  = x86_pv_process_record,
     .stream_complete = x86_pv_stream_complete,
     .cleanup         = x86_pv_cleanup,

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Re: [PATCH v6 3/3] tools/libxc: use superpages during restore of HVM guest

[Olaf Hering]

[-- Attachment #1.1: Type: text/plain, Size: 5795 bytes --]

On Sat, Aug 26, Olaf Hering wrote:

> +static int x86_hvm_populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,

> +    /*
> +     * Scan the entire superpage because several batches will fit into
> +     * a superpage, and it is unknown which pfn triggered the allocation.
> +     */
> +    order = SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT;
> +    pfn = min_pfn = (min_pfn >> order) << order;

Scanning an entire superpage again and again looked expensive, but with
the debug change below it turned out that the loop which peeks at each
single bit in populated_pfns is likely not a bootleneck.

Migrating a domU with a simple workload that touches pages to mark them
dirty will set the min_pfn/max_pfn to a large range anyway after the
first iteration. This large range may also happen with an idle domU. A
small domU takes 78 seconds to migrate, and just the freeing part takes
1.4 seconds. Similar for a large domain, the loop takes 1% of the time.

     78 seconds, 1.4 seconds, 2119 calls  (8GB, 12*512M memdirty)
    695 seconds, 7.6 seconds, 18076 calls (72GB, 12*5G memdirty)

Olaf

    track time spent if decrease_reservation is needed

diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
index 0fa0fbea4d..5ec8b6fee6 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_common.h
@@ -353,6 +353,9 @@ struct xc_sr_context
                     struct xc_sr_bitmap attempted_1g;
                     struct xc_sr_bitmap attempted_2m;
                     struct xc_sr_bitmap allocated_pfns;
+
+                    unsigned long tv_nsec;
+                    unsigned long iterations;
                 } restore;
             };
         } x86_hvm;
diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
index 8cd9289d1a..f6aad329e2 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore.c
@@ -769,6 +769,7 @@ int xc_domain_restore(xc_interface *xch, int io_fd, uint32_t dom,
     {
         ctx.restore.ops = restore_ops_x86_hvm;
         if ( restore(&ctx) )
+            ;
             return -1;
     }
     else
diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c
index 2b0eca0c7c..11758b3f7d 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_sr_restore_x86_hvm.c
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <time.h>
 
 #include "xc_sr_common_x86.h"
 
@@ -248,6 +249,12 @@ static int x86_hvm_stream_complete(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
 
 static int x86_hvm_cleanup(struct xc_sr_context *ctx)
 {
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    errno = 0;
+    PERROR("tv_nsec %lu.%lu iterations %lu",
+            ctx->x86_hvm.restore.tv_nsec / 1000000000UL,
+            ctx->x86_hvm.restore.tv_nsec % 1000000000UL,
+            ctx->x86_hvm.restore.iterations);
     free(ctx->x86_hvm.restore.context);
     xc_sr_bitmap_free(&ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_1g);
     xc_sr_bitmap_free(&ctx->x86_hvm.restore.attempted_2m);
@@ -440,6 +447,28 @@ static int x86_hvm_allocate_pfn(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, xen_pfn_t pfn)
     return rc;
 }
 
+static void diff_timespec(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, const struct timespec *old, const struct timespec *new, struct timespec *diff)
+{
+    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
+    if (new->tv_sec == old->tv_sec && new->tv_nsec == old->tv_nsec)
+        PERROR("%s: time did not move: %ld/%ld == %ld/%ld", __func__, old->tv_sec, old->tv_nsec, new->tv_sec, new->tv_nsec);
+    if ( (new->tv_sec < old->tv_sec) || (new->tv_sec == old->tv_sec && new->tv_nsec < old->tv_nsec) )
+    {
+        PERROR("%s: time went backwards: %ld/%ld -> %ld/%ld", __func__, old->tv_sec, old->tv_nsec, new->tv_sec, new->tv_nsec);
+        diff->tv_sec = diff->tv_nsec = 0;
+        return;
+    }
+    if ((new->tv_nsec - old->tv_nsec) < 0) {
+        diff->tv_sec = new->tv_sec - old->tv_sec - 1;
+        diff->tv_nsec = new->tv_nsec - old->tv_nsec + 1000000000UL;
+    } else {
+        diff->tv_sec = new->tv_sec - old->tv_sec;
+        diff->tv_nsec = new->tv_nsec - old->tv_nsec;
+    }
+    if (diff->tv_sec < 0)
+        PERROR("%s: time diff broken. old: %ld/%ld new: %ld/%ld diff: %ld/%ld ", __func__, old->tv_sec, old->tv_nsec, new->tv_sec, new->tv_nsec, diff->tv_sec, diff->tv_nsec);
+}
+
 static int x86_hvm_populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
                                  const xen_pfn_t *original_pfns,
                                  const uint32_t *types)
@@ -448,6 +477,7 @@ static int x86_hvm_populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
     xen_pfn_t pfn, min_pfn = original_pfns[0], max_pfn = original_pfns[0];
     unsigned i, freed = 0, order;
     int rc = -1;
+    struct timespec a, b, d;
 
     for ( i = 0; i < count; ++i )
     {
@@ -474,6 +504,8 @@ static int x86_hvm_populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
         }
     }
 
+    if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &a))
+        PERROR("clock_gettime start");
     /*
      * Scan the entire superpage because several batches will fit into
      * a superpage, and it is unknown which pfn triggered the allocation.
@@ -504,10 +536,17 @@ static int x86_hvm_populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
         }
         pfn++;
     }
-    if ( freed )
+    if ( 0 && freed )
         DPRINTF("freed %u between %" PRI_xen_pfn " %" PRI_xen_pfn "\n",
                 freed, min_pfn, max_pfn);
 
+    if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &b))
+        PERROR("clock_gettime end");
+
+    diff_timespec(ctx, &a, &b, &d);
+    ctx->x86_hvm.restore.tv_nsec += d.tv_nsec + (1000000000UL * d.tv_sec);
+    ctx->x86_hvm.restore.iterations++;
+
     rc = 0;
 
  err:

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Re: [PATCH v6 3/3] tools/libxc: use superpages during restore of HVM guest

[Wei Liu]

On Sat, Aug 26, 2017 at 12:33:32PM +0200, Olaf Hering wrote:
[...]
> +static int x86_hvm_populate_pfns(struct xc_sr_context *ctx, unsigned count,
> +                                 const xen_pfn_t *original_pfns,
> +                                 const uint32_t *types)
> +{
> +    xc_interface *xch = ctx->xch;
> +    xen_pfn_t pfn, min_pfn = original_pfns[0], max_pfn = original_pfns[0];
> +    unsigned i, freed = 0, order;
> +    int rc = -1;
> +
> +    for ( i = 0; i < count; ++i )
> +    {
> +        if ( original_pfns[i] < min_pfn )
> +            min_pfn = original_pfns[i];
> +        if ( original_pfns[i] > max_pfn )
> +            max_pfn = original_pfns[i];
> +    }
> +    DPRINTF("batch of %u pfns between %" PRI_xen_pfn " %" PRI_xen_pfn "\n",
> +            count, min_pfn, max_pfn);
> +
> +    for ( i = 0; i < count; ++i )
> +    {
> +        if ( (types[i] != XEN_DOMCTL_PFINFO_XTAB &&
> +              types[i] != XEN_DOMCTL_PFINFO_BROKEN) &&
> +             !pfn_is_populated(ctx, original_pfns[i]) )
> +        {
> +            rc = x86_hvm_allocate_pfn(ctx, original_pfns[i]);
> +            if ( rc )
> +                goto err;
> +            rc = pfn_set_populated(ctx, original_pfns[i]);
> +            if ( rc )
> +                goto err;
> +        }
> +    }
>
As far as I can tell the algorithm in the patch can't handle:

1. First pfn in a batch points to start of second 1G address space
2. Second pfn in a batch points to a page in the middle of first 1G
3. Guest can only use 1G ram

This is a valid scenario in post-copy migration algorithm.

Please correct me if I'm wrong.

> +
> +    /*
> +     * Scan the entire superpage because several batches will fit into
> +     * a superpage, and it is unknown which pfn triggered the allocation.
> +     */
> +    order = SUPERPAGE_1GB_SHIFT;
> +    pfn = min_pfn = (min_pfn >> order) << order;
> +
> +    while ( pfn <= max_pfn )
> +    {
> +        struct xc_sr_bitmap *bm;
> +        bm = &ctx->x86_hvm.restore.allocated_pfns;
> +        if ( !xc_sr_bitmap_resize(bm, pfn) )
> +        {
> +            PERROR("Failed to realloc allocated_pfns %" PRI_xen_pfn, pfn);
> +            goto err;
> +        }
> +        if ( !pfn_is_populated(ctx, pfn) &&
> +            xc_sr_test_and_clear_bit(pfn, bm) ) {
> +            xen_pfn_t p = pfn;
> +            rc = xc_domain_decrease_reservation_exact(xch, ctx->domid, 1, 0, &p);
> +            if ( rc )
> +            {
> +                PERROR("Failed to release pfn %" PRI_xen_pfn, pfn);
> +                goto err;
> +            }
> +            ctx->restore.tot_pages--;
> +            freed++;
> +        }
> +        pfn++;
> +    }
> +    if ( freed )
> +        DPRINTF("freed %u between %" PRI_xen_pfn " %" PRI_xen_pfn "\n",
> +                freed, min_pfn, max_pfn);
> +
> +    rc = 0;
> +
> + err:
> +    return rc;
> +}
> +

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Re: [PATCH v6 3/3] tools/libxc: use superpages during restore of HVM guest

[Olaf Hering]

[-- Attachment #1.1: Type: text/plain, Size: 669 bytes --]

On Wed, Aug 30, Wei Liu wrote:

> As far as I can tell the algorithm in the patch can't handle:
> 
> 1. First pfn in a batch points to start of second 1G address space
> 2. Second pfn in a batch points to a page in the middle of first 1G
> 3. Guest can only use 1G ram

In which way does it not handle it? Over-allocation is supposed to be
handled by the "ctx->restore.tot_pages + sp->count >
ctx->restore.max_pages" checks. Do you mean the second 1G is allocated,
then max_pages is reached, and allocation in other areas is not possible
anymore?
Can this actually happen with the available senders? If not, this is
again the missing memory map.

Olaf

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Re: [PATCH v6 3/3] tools/libxc: use superpages during restore of HVM guest

[Wei Liu]

On Wed, Aug 30, 2017 at 04:27:19PM +0200, Olaf Hering wrote:
> On Wed, Aug 30, Wei Liu wrote:
> 
> > As far as I can tell the algorithm in the patch can't handle:
> > 
> > 1. First pfn in a batch points to start of second 1G address space
> > 2. Second pfn in a batch points to a page in the middle of first 1G
> > 3. Guest can only use 1G ram
> 
> In which way does it not handle it? Over-allocation is supposed to be
> handled by the "ctx->restore.tot_pages + sp->count >
> ctx->restore.max_pages" checks. Do you mean the second 1G is allocated,
> then max_pages is reached, and allocation in other areas is not possible
> anymore?

Yes.

> Can this actually happen with the available senders? If not, this is
> again the missing memory map.
> 

Probably not now, but as said, you shouldn't rely on the structure of
the stream unless it is stated in the spec.

And it can definitely happen with post-copy algorithm.

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Re: [PATCH v6 3/3] tools/libxc: use superpages during restore of HVM guest

[Olaf Hering]

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On Wed, Aug 30, Wei Liu wrote:

> > Can this actually happen with the available senders? If not, this is
> > again the missing memory map.
> Probably not now, but as said, you shouldn't rely on the structure of
> the stream unless it is stated in the spec.

Well, what can happen with todays implementation on the sender side is
the case of a ballooned guest with enough holes within a batch. These
will trigger 1G allocations before the releasing of memory happens. To
solve this, the releasing of memory has to happen more often, probably
after crossing each 2M boundary.


Olaf

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