[PATCH v13 00/16] Enable FSGSBASE instructions

[PATCH v13 00/16] Enable FSGSBASE instructions

[Sasha Levin]

Benefits:
Currently a user process that wishes to read or write the FS/GS base must
make a system call. But recent X86 processors have added new instructions
for use in 64-bit mode that allow direct access to the FS and GS segment
base addresses.  The operating system controls whether applications can
use these instructions with a %cr4 control bit.

In addition to benefits to applications, performance improvements to the
OS context switch code are possible by making use of these instructions. A
third party reported out promising performance numbers out of their
initial benchmarking of the previous version of this patch series.

Enablement check:
The kernel provides information about the enabled state of FSGSBASE to
applications using the ELF_AUX vector. If the HWCAP2_FSGSBASE bit is set in
the AUX vector, the kernel has FSGSBASE instructions enabled and
applications can use them.

Kernel changes:
Major changes made in the kernel are in context switch, paranoid path, and
ptrace. In a context switch, a task's FS/GS base will be secured regardless
of its selector. In the paranoid path, GS base is unconditionally
overwritten to the kernel GS base on entry and the original GS base is
restored on exit. Ptrace includes divergence of FS/GS index and base
values.

Security:
For mitigating the Spectre v1 SWAPGS issue, LFENCE instructions were added
on most kernel entries. Those patches are dependent on previous behaviors
that users couldn't load a kernel address into the GS base. These patches
change that assumption since the user can load any address into GS base.
The changes to the kernel entry path in this patch series take account of
the SWAPGS issue.

Changes from v12:
 - Reformat the series to be closer to the reverted codebase for easier
   review.
 - Drop a few of the changes introduced in v8 and v9.


Andi Kleen (2):
  x86/fsgsbase/64: Add intrinsics for FSGSBASE instructions
  x86/elf: Enumerate kernel FSGSBASE capability in AT_HWCAP2

Andy Lutomirski (3):
  x86/cpu: Add 'unsafe_fsgsbase' to enable CR4.FSGSBASE
  x86/process/64: Use FSBSBASE in switch_to() if available
  x86/cpu: Enable FSGSBASE on 64bit by default and add a chicken bit

Chang S. Bae (8):
  x86/ptrace: Prevent ptrace from clearing the FS/GS selector
  x86/fsgsbase/64: Enable FSGSBASE instructions in helper functions
  x86/process/64: Use FSGSBASE instructions on thread copy and ptrace
  x86/entry/64: Switch CR3 before SWAPGS in paranoid entry
  x86/entry/64: Introduce the FIND_PERCPU_BASE macro
  x86/entry/64: Handle FSGSBASE enabled paranoid entry/exit
  selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test GS selector on ptracer-induced GS base
    write
  selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test ptracer-induced GS base write with
    FSGSBASE

Thomas Gleixner (2):
  x86/process/64: Make save_fsgs() public available
  Documentation/x86/64: Add documentation for GS/FS addressing mode

Tony Luck (1):
  x86/speculation/swapgs: Check FSGSBASE in enabling SWAPGS mitigation

 .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |   2 +
 Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst             | 199 ++++++++++++++++++
 Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst            |   1 +
 arch/x86/entry/calling.h                      |  40 ++++
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S                     | 135 +++++++++---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h               |  45 +++-
 arch/x86/include/asm/inst.h                   |  15 ++
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h              |   4 +-
 arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h            |   3 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c                    |   6 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                  |  22 ++
 arch/x86/kernel/process.c                     |  10 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c                  | 119 +++++++++--
 arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c                      |  17 +-
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c                        |   2 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c        |  24 ++-
 16 files changed, 562 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst

-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 01/16] x86/ptrace: Prevent ptrace from clearing the FS/GS selector

[Sasha Levin]

From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>

When a ptracer writes a ptracee's FS/GSBASE with a different value, the
selector is also cleared. This behavior is not correct as the selector
should be preserved.

Update only the base value and leave the selector intact. To simplify the
code further remove the conditional checking for the same value as this
code is not performance critical.

The only recognizable downside of this change is when the selector is
already nonzero on write. The base will be reloaded according to the
selector. But the case is highly unexpected in real usages.

[ tglx: Massage changelog ]

Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/9040CFCD-74BD-4C17-9A01-B9B713CF6B10@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c | 17 ++---------------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c
index f0e1ddbc2fd7..cc56efb75d27 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -380,25 +380,12 @@ static int putreg(struct task_struct *child,
 	case offsetof(struct user_regs_struct,fs_base):
 		if (value >= TASK_SIZE_MAX)
 			return -EIO;
-		/*
-		 * When changing the FS base, use do_arch_prctl_64()
-		 * to set the index to zero and to set the base
-		 * as requested.
-		 *
-		 * NB: This behavior is nonsensical and likely needs to
-		 * change when FSGSBASE support is added.
-		 */
-		if (child->thread.fsbase != value)
-			return do_arch_prctl_64(child, ARCH_SET_FS, value);
+		x86_fsbase_write_task(child, value);
 		return 0;
 	case offsetof(struct user_regs_struct,gs_base):
-		/*
-		 * Exactly the same here as the %fs handling above.
-		 */
 		if (value >= TASK_SIZE_MAX)
 			return -EIO;
-		if (child->thread.gsbase != value)
-			return do_arch_prctl_64(child, ARCH_SET_GS, value);
+		x86_gsbase_write_task(child, value);
 		return 0;
 #endif
 	}
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 02/16] x86/cpu: Add 'unsafe_fsgsbase' to enable CR4.FSGSBASE

[Sasha Levin]

From: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>

This is temporary.  It will allow the next few patches to be tested
incrementally.

Setting unsafe_fsgsbase is a root hole.  Don't do it.

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-4-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |  3 +++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                  | 24 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 7bc83f3d9bdf..af3aaade195b 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -3033,6 +3033,9 @@
 	no5lvl		[X86-64] Disable 5-level paging mode. Forces
 			kernel to use 4-level paging instead.
 
+	unsafe_fsgsbase	[X86] Allow FSGSBASE instructions.  This will be
+			replaced with a nofsgsbase flag.
+
 	no_console_suspend
 			[HW] Never suspend the console
 			Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index bed0cb83fe24..4224760c74e2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -418,6 +418,22 @@ static void __init setup_cr_pinning(void)
 	static_key_enable(&cr_pinning.key);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Temporary hack: FSGSBASE is unsafe until a few kernel code paths are
+ * updated. This allows us to get the kernel ready incrementally.
+ *
+ * Once all the pieces are in place, these will go away and be replaced with
+ * a nofsgsbase chicken flag.
+ */
+static bool unsafe_fsgsbase;
+
+static __init int setup_unsafe_fsgsbase(char *arg)
+{
+	unsafe_fsgsbase = true;
+	return 1;
+}
+__setup("unsafe_fsgsbase", setup_unsafe_fsgsbase);
+
 /*
  * Protection Keys are not available in 32-bit mode.
  */
@@ -1478,6 +1494,14 @@ static void identify_cpu(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 	setup_smap(c);
 	setup_umip(c);
 
+	/* Enable FSGSBASE instructions if available. */
+	if (cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE)) {
+		if (unsafe_fsgsbase)
+			cr4_set_bits(X86_CR4_FSGSBASE);
+		else
+			clear_cpu_cap(c, X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * The vendor-specific functions might have changed features.
 	 * Now we do "generic changes."
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 03/16] x86/fsgsbase/64: Add intrinsics for FSGSBASE instructions

[Sasha Levin]

From: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>

[ luto: Rename the variables from FS and GS to FSBASE and GSBASE and
  make <asm/fsgsbase.h> safe to include on 32-bit kernels. ]

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-6-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
index bca4c743de77..fdd1177499b4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
@@ -19,6 +19,36 @@ extern unsigned long x86_gsbase_read_task(struct task_struct *task);
 extern void x86_fsbase_write_task(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long fsbase);
 extern void x86_gsbase_write_task(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long gsbase);
 
+/* Must be protected by X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE check. */
+
+static __always_inline unsigned long rdfsbase(void)
+{
+	unsigned long fsbase;
+
+	asm volatile("rdfsbase %0" : "=r" (fsbase) :: "memory");
+
+	return fsbase;
+}
+
+static __always_inline unsigned long rdgsbase(void)
+{
+	unsigned long gsbase;
+
+	asm volatile("rdgsbase %0" : "=r" (gsbase) :: "memory");
+
+	return gsbase;
+}
+
+static __always_inline void wrfsbase(unsigned long fsbase)
+{
+	asm volatile("wrfsbase %0" :: "r" (fsbase) : "memory");
+}
+
+static __always_inline void wrgsbase(unsigned long gsbase)
+{
+	asm volatile("wrgsbase %0" :: "r" (gsbase) : "memory");
+}
+
 /* Helper functions for reading/writing FS/GS base */
 
 static inline unsigned long x86_fsbase_read_cpu(void)
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 04/16] x86/fsgsbase/64: Enable FSGSBASE instructions in helper functions

[Sasha Levin]

From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>

Add cpu feature conditional FSGSBASE access to the relevant helper
functions. That allows to accelerate certain FS/GS base operations in
subsequent changes.

Note, that while possible, the user space entry/exit GSBASE operations are
not going to use the new FSGSBASE instructions. The reason is that it would
require additional storage for the user space value which adds more
complexity to the low level code and experiments have shown marginal
benefit. This may be revisited later but for now the SWAPGS based handling
in the entry code is preserved except for the paranoid entry/exit code.

To preserve the SWAPGS entry mechanism introduce __[rd|wr]gsbase_inactive()
helpers. Note, for Xen PV, paravirt hooks can be added later as they might
allow a very efficient but different implementation.

[ tglx: Massaged changelog ]

Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-7-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h | 27 +++++++-------
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c    | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
index fdd1177499b4..aefd53767a5d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fsgsbase.h
@@ -49,35 +49,32 @@ static __always_inline void wrgsbase(unsigned long gsbase)
 	asm volatile("wrgsbase %0" :: "r" (gsbase) : "memory");
 }
 
+#include <asm/cpufeature.h>
+
 /* Helper functions for reading/writing FS/GS base */
 
 static inline unsigned long x86_fsbase_read_cpu(void)
 {
 	unsigned long fsbase;
 
-	rdmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, fsbase);
+	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE))
+		fsbase = rdfsbase();
+	else
+		rdmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, fsbase);
 
 	return fsbase;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long x86_gsbase_read_cpu_inactive(void)
-{
-	unsigned long gsbase;
-
-	rdmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, gsbase);
-
-	return gsbase;
-}
-
 static inline void x86_fsbase_write_cpu(unsigned long fsbase)
 {
-	wrmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, fsbase);
+	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE))
+		wrfsbase(fsbase);
+	else
+		wrmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, fsbase);
 }
 
-static inline void x86_gsbase_write_cpu_inactive(unsigned long gsbase)
-{
-	wrmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, gsbase);
-}
+extern unsigned long x86_gsbase_read_cpu_inactive(void);
+extern void x86_gsbase_write_cpu_inactive(unsigned long gsbase);
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index 5ef9d8f25b0e..0624689825a3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -150,6 +150,40 @@ enum which_selector {
 	GS
 };
 
+/*
+ * Out of line to be protected from kprobes. It is not used on Xen
+ * paravirt. When paravirt support is needed, it needs to be renamed
+ * with native_ prefix.
+ */
+static noinline unsigned long __rdgsbase_inactive(void)
+{
+	unsigned long gsbase;
+
+	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
+
+	native_swapgs();
+	gsbase = rdgsbase();
+	native_swapgs();
+
+	return gsbase;
+}
+NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__rdgsbase_inactive);
+
+/*
+ * Out of line to be protected from kprobes. It is not used on Xen
+ * paravirt. When paravirt support is needed, it needs to be renamed
+ * with native_ prefix.
+ */
+static noinline void __wrgsbase_inactive(unsigned long gsbase)
+{
+	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
+
+	native_swapgs();
+	wrgsbase(gsbase);
+	native_swapgs();
+}
+NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__wrgsbase_inactive);
+
 /*
  * Saves the FS or GS base for an outgoing thread if FSGSBASE extensions are
  * not available.  The goal is to be reasonably fast on non-FSGSBASE systems.
@@ -328,6 +362,36 @@ static unsigned long x86_fsgsbase_read_task(struct task_struct *task,
 	return base;
 }
 
+unsigned long x86_gsbase_read_cpu_inactive(void)
+{
+	unsigned long gsbase;
+
+	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE)) {
+		unsigned long flags;
+
+		local_irq_save(flags);
+		gsbase = __rdgsbase_inactive();
+		local_irq_restore(flags);
+	} else {
+		rdmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, gsbase);
+	}
+
+	return gsbase;
+}
+
+void x86_gsbase_write_cpu_inactive(unsigned long gsbase)
+{
+	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE)) {
+		unsigned long flags;
+
+		local_irq_save(flags);
+		__wrgsbase_inactive(gsbase);
+		local_irq_restore(flags);
+	} else {
+		wrmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, gsbase);
+	}
+}
+
 unsigned long x86_fsbase_read_task(struct task_struct *task)
 {
 	unsigned long fsbase;
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 05/16] x86/process/64: Use FSBSBASE in switch_to() if available

[Sasha Levin]

From: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>

With the new FSGSBASE instructions, FS and GSABSE can be efficiently read
and writen in __switch_to().  Use that capability to preserve the full
state.

This will enable user code to do whatever it wants with the new
instructions without any kernel-induced gotchas.  (There can still be
architectural gotchas: movl %gs,%eax; movl %eax,%gs may change GSBASE if
WRGSBASE was used, but users are expected to read the CPU manual before
doing things like that.)

This is a considerable speedup.  It seems to save about 100 cycles
per context switch compared to the baseline 4.6-rc1 behavior on a
Skylake laptop.

[ chang: 5~10% performance improvements were seen with a context switch
  benchmark that ran threads with different FS/GSBASE values (to the
  baseline 4.16). Minor edit on the changelog. ]

[ tglx: Masaage changelog ]

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-8-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index 0624689825a3..85c7f9cabde2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -233,8 +233,18 @@ static __always_inline void save_fsgs(struct task_struct *task)
 {
 	savesegment(fs, task->thread.fsindex);
 	savesegment(gs, task->thread.gsindex);
-	save_base_legacy(task, task->thread.fsindex, FS);
-	save_base_legacy(task, task->thread.gsindex, GS);
+	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE)) {
+		/*
+		 * If FSGSBASE is enabled, we can't make any useful guesses
+		 * about the base, and user code expects us to save the current
+		 * value.  Fortunately, reading the base directly is efficient.
+		 */
+		task->thread.fsbase = rdfsbase();
+		task->thread.gsbase = __rdgsbase_inactive();
+	} else {
+		save_base_legacy(task, task->thread.fsindex, FS);
+		save_base_legacy(task, task->thread.gsindex, GS);
+	}
 }
 
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM)
@@ -313,10 +323,22 @@ static __always_inline void load_seg_legacy(unsigned short prev_index,
 static __always_inline void x86_fsgsbase_load(struct thread_struct *prev,
 					      struct thread_struct *next)
 {
-	load_seg_legacy(prev->fsindex, prev->fsbase,
-			next->fsindex, next->fsbase, FS);
-	load_seg_legacy(prev->gsindex, prev->gsbase,
-			next->gsindex, next->gsbase, GS);
+	if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE)) {
+		/* Update the FS and GS selectors if they could have changed. */
+		if (unlikely(prev->fsindex || next->fsindex))
+			loadseg(FS, next->fsindex);
+		if (unlikely(prev->gsindex || next->gsindex))
+			loadseg(GS, next->gsindex);
+
+		/* Update the bases. */
+		wrfsbase(next->fsbase);
+		__wrgsbase_inactive(next->gsbase);
+	} else {
+		load_seg_legacy(prev->fsindex, prev->fsbase,
+				next->fsindex, next->fsbase, FS);
+		load_seg_legacy(prev->gsindex, prev->gsbase,
+				next->gsindex, next->gsbase, GS);
+	}
 }
 
 static unsigned long x86_fsgsbase_read_task(struct task_struct *task,
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 06/16] x86/process/64: Make save_fsgs() public available

[Sasha Levin]

From: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h |  4 +---
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c     | 15 +++++++++------
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c           |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
index 3bcf27caf6c9..809bc013db70 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -456,10 +456,8 @@ static inline unsigned long cpu_kernelmode_gs_base(int cpu)
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, irq_count);
 extern asmlinkage void ignore_sysret(void);
 
-#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM)
 /* Save actual FS/GS selectors and bases to current->thread */
-void save_fsgs_for_kvm(void);
-#endif
+void current_save_fsgs(void);
 #else	/* X86_64 */
 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index 85c7f9cabde2..aefb30bc56bc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -247,18 +247,21 @@ static __always_inline void save_fsgs(struct task_struct *task)
 	}
 }
 
-#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM)
 /*
  * While a process is running,current->thread.fsbase and current->thread.gsbase
- * may not match the corresponding CPU registers (see save_base_legacy()). KVM
- * wants an efficient way to save and restore FSBASE and GSBASE.
- * When FSGSBASE extensions are enabled, this will have to use RD{FS,GS}BASE.
+ * may not match the corresponding CPU registers (see save_base_legacy()).
  */
-void save_fsgs_for_kvm(void)
+void current_save_fsgs(void)
 {
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	/* Interrupts need to be off for FSGSBASE */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
 	save_fsgs(current);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(save_fsgs_for_kvm);
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM)
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(current_save_fsgs);
 #endif
 
 static __always_inline void loadseg(enum which_selector which,
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
index 89c766fad889..309e6dc975d5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ void vmx_prepare_switch_to_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	gs_base = cpu_kernelmode_gs_base(cpu);
 	if (likely(is_64bit_mm(current->mm))) {
-		save_fsgs_for_kvm();
+		current_save_fsgs();
 		fs_sel = current->thread.fsindex;
 		gs_sel = current->thread.gsindex;
 		fs_base = current->thread.fsbase;
-- 
2.25.1

[tip: x86/fsgsbase] x86/process/64: Make save_fsgs_for_kvm() ready for FSGSBASE

[tip-bot2 for Thomas Gleixner]

The following commit has been merged into the x86/fsgsbase branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     6758034e4d6a7f0e26b748789ab1f83f3116d1b9
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/6758034e4d6a7f0e26b748789ab1f83f3116d1b9
Author:        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
AuthorDate:    Thu, 28 May 2020 16:13:52 -04:00
Committer:     Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CommitterDate: Thu, 18 Jun 2020 15:47:01 +02:00

x86/process/64: Make save_fsgs_for_kvm() ready for FSGSBASE

save_fsgs_for_kvm() is invoked via

  vcpu_enter_guest()
    kvm_x86_ops.prepare_guest_switch(vcpu)
      vmx_prepare_switch_to_guest()
        save_fsgs_for_kvm()

with preemption disabled, but interrupts enabled.

The upcoming FSGSBASE based GS safe needs interrupts to be disabled. This
could be done in the helper function, but that function is also called from
switch_to() which has interrupts disabled already.

Disable interrupts inside save_fsgs_for_kvm() and rename the function to
current_save_fsgs() so it can be invoked from other places.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200528201402.1708239-7-sashal@kernel.org
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h |  4 +---
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c     | 15 +++++++++------
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c           |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
index f66202d..7c2ecdf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -457,10 +457,8 @@ static inline unsigned long cpu_kernelmode_gs_base(int cpu)
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, irq_count);
 extern asmlinkage void ignore_sysret(void);
 
-#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM)
 /* Save actual FS/GS selectors and bases to current->thread */
-void save_fsgs_for_kvm(void);
-#endif
+void current_save_fsgs(void);
 #else	/* X86_64 */
 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index c41e0aa..ef2f755 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -240,18 +240,21 @@ static __always_inline void save_fsgs(struct task_struct *task)
 	save_base_legacy(task, task->thread.gsindex, GS);
 }
 
-#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM)
 /*
  * While a process is running,current->thread.fsbase and current->thread.gsbase
- * may not match the corresponding CPU registers (see save_base_legacy()). KVM
- * wants an efficient way to save and restore FSBASE and GSBASE.
- * When FSGSBASE extensions are enabled, this will have to use RD{FS,GS}BASE.
+ * may not match the corresponding CPU registers (see save_base_legacy()).
  */
-void save_fsgs_for_kvm(void)
+void current_save_fsgs(void)
 {
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	/* Interrupts need to be off for FSGSBASE */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
 	save_fsgs(current);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(save_fsgs_for_kvm);
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM)
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(current_save_fsgs);
 #endif
 
 static __always_inline void loadseg(enum which_selector which,
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
index 36c7717..ccd5b7b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ void vmx_prepare_switch_to_guest(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	gs_base = cpu_kernelmode_gs_base(cpu);
 	if (likely(is_64bit_mm(current->mm))) {
-		save_fsgs_for_kvm();
+		current_save_fsgs();
 		fs_sel = current->thread.fsindex;
 		gs_sel = current->thread.gsindex;
 		fs_base = current->thread.fsbase;

[PATCH v13 07/16] x86/process/64: Use FSGSBASE instructions on thread copy and ptrace

[Sasha Levin]

From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>

When FSGSBASE is enabled, copying threads and reading fsbase and gsbase
using ptrace must read the actual values.

When copying a thread, use save_fsgs() and copy the saved values.  For
ptrace, the bases must be read from memory regardless of the selector if
FSGSBASE is enabled.

[ tglx: Invoke __rdgsbase_inactive() with interrupts disabled ]
[ luto: Massage changelog ]

Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-9-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/process.c    | 10 ++++++----
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c |  6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
index 9da70b279dad..0264d9bb8991 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
@@ -140,10 +140,12 @@ int copy_thread_tls(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long sp,
 	memset(p->thread.ptrace_bps, 0, sizeof(p->thread.ptrace_bps));
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
-	savesegment(gs, p->thread.gsindex);
-	p->thread.gsbase = p->thread.gsindex ? 0 : current->thread.gsbase;
-	savesegment(fs, p->thread.fsindex);
-	p->thread.fsbase = p->thread.fsindex ? 0 : current->thread.fsbase;
+	current_save_fsgs();
+	p->thread.fsindex = current->thread.fsindex;
+	p->thread.fsbase = current->thread.fsbase;
+	p->thread.gsindex = current->thread.gsindex;
+	p->thread.gsbase = current->thread.gsbase;
+
 	savesegment(es, p->thread.es);
 	savesegment(ds, p->thread.ds);
 #else
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index aefb30bc56bc..0bcb48a1264a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -423,7 +423,8 @@ unsigned long x86_fsbase_read_task(struct task_struct *task)
 
 	if (task == current)
 		fsbase = x86_fsbase_read_cpu();
-	else if (task->thread.fsindex == 0)
+	else if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE) ||
+		 (task->thread.fsindex == 0))
 		fsbase = task->thread.fsbase;
 	else
 		fsbase = x86_fsgsbase_read_task(task, task->thread.fsindex);
@@ -437,7 +438,8 @@ unsigned long x86_gsbase_read_task(struct task_struct *task)
 
 	if (task == current)
 		gsbase = x86_gsbase_read_cpu_inactive();
-	else if (task->thread.gsindex == 0)
+	else if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE) ||
+		 (task->thread.gsindex == 0))
 		gsbase = task->thread.gsbase;
 	else
 		gsbase = x86_fsgsbase_read_task(task, task->thread.gsindex);
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 08/16] x86/speculation/swapgs: Check FSGSBASE in enabling SWAPGS mitigation

[Sasha Levin]

From: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Before enabling FSGSBASE the kernel could safely assume that the content
of GS base was a user address. Thus any speculative access as the result
of a mispredicted branch controlling the execution of SWAPGS would be to
a user address. So systems with speculation-proof SMAP did not need to
add additional LFENCE instructions to mitigate.

With FSGSBASE enabled a hostile user can set GS base to a kernel address.
So they can make the kernel speculatively access data they wish to leak
via a side channel. This means that SMAP provides no protection.

Add FSGSBASE as an additional condition to enable the fence-based SWAPGS
mitigation.

Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
index ed54b3b21c39..487603ea51cd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -450,14 +450,12 @@ static void __init spectre_v1_select_mitigation(void)
 		 * If FSGSBASE is enabled, the user can put a kernel address in
 		 * GS, in which case SMAP provides no protection.
 		 *
-		 * [ NOTE: Don't check for X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE until the
-		 *	   FSGSBASE enablement patches have been merged. ]
-		 *
 		 * If FSGSBASE is disabled, the user can only put a user space
 		 * address in GS.  That makes an attack harder, but still
 		 * possible if there's no SMAP protection.
 		 */
-		if (!smap_works_speculatively()) {
+		if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE) ||
+		    !smap_works_speculatively()) {
 			/*
 			 * Mitigation can be provided from SWAPGS itself or
 			 * PTI as the CR3 write in the Meltdown mitigation
-- 
2.25.1

[tip: x86/fsgsbase] x86/speculation/swapgs: Check FSGSBASE in enabling SWAPGS mitigation

[tip-bot2 for Tony Luck]

The following commit has been merged into the x86/fsgsbase branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     978e1342c3c4d7b20808fd5875d9ac0d57db22ee
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/978e1342c3c4d7b20808fd5875d9ac0d57db22ee
Author:        Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
AuthorDate:    Thu, 28 May 2020 16:13:54 -04:00
Committer:     Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CommitterDate: Thu, 18 Jun 2020 15:47:02 +02:00

x86/speculation/swapgs: Check FSGSBASE in enabling SWAPGS mitigation

Before enabling FSGSBASE the kernel could safely assume that the content
of GS base was a user address. Thus any speculative access as the result
of a mispredicted branch controlling the execution of SWAPGS would be to
a user address. So systems with speculation-proof SMAP did not need to
add additional LFENCE instructions to mitigate.

With FSGSBASE enabled a hostile user can set GS base to a kernel address.
So they can make the kernel speculatively access data they wish to leak
via a side channel. This means that SMAP provides no protection.

Add FSGSBASE as an additional condition to enable the fence-based SWAPGS
mitigation.

Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200528201402.1708239-9-sashal@kernel.org


---
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
index 0b71970..5ea5fbd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -543,14 +543,12 @@ static void __init spectre_v1_select_mitigation(void)
 		 * If FSGSBASE is enabled, the user can put a kernel address in
 		 * GS, in which case SMAP provides no protection.
 		 *
-		 * [ NOTE: Don't check for X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE until the
-		 *	   FSGSBASE enablement patches have been merged. ]
-		 *
 		 * If FSGSBASE is disabled, the user can only put a user space
 		 * address in GS.  That makes an attack harder, but still
 		 * possible if there's no SMAP protection.
 		 */
-		if (!smap_works_speculatively()) {
+		if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE) ||
+		    !smap_works_speculatively()) {
 			/*
 			 * Mitigation can be provided from SWAPGS itself or
 			 * PTI as the CR3 write in the Meltdown mitigation

[PATCH v13 09/16] x86/entry/64: Switch CR3 before SWAPGS in paranoid entry

[Sasha Levin]

From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>

When FSGSBASE is enabled, the GSBASE handling in paranoid entry will need
to retrieve the kernel GSBASE which requires that the kernel page table is
active.

As the CR3 switch to the kernel page tables (PTI is active) does not depend
on kernel GSBASE, move the CR3 switch in front of the GSBASE handling.

Comment the EBX content while at it.

No functional change.

[ tglx: Rewrote changelog and comments ]

Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-11-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
index 3063aa9090f9..3b9ccba6c4b4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
@@ -1220,13 +1220,6 @@ SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(paranoid_entry)
 	cld
 	PUSH_AND_CLEAR_REGS save_ret=1
 	ENCODE_FRAME_POINTER 8
-	movl	$1, %ebx
-	movl	$MSR_GS_BASE, %ecx
-	rdmsr
-	testl	%edx, %edx
-	js	1f				/* negative -> in kernel */
-	SWAPGS
-	xorl	%ebx, %ebx
 
 1:
 	/*
@@ -1238,9 +1231,29 @@ SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(paranoid_entry)
 	 * This is also why CS (stashed in the "iret frame" by the
 	 * hardware at entry) can not be used: this may be a return
 	 * to kernel code, but with a user CR3 value.
+	 *
+	 * Switching CR3 does not depend on kernel GSBASE so it can
+	 * be done before switching to the kernel GSBASE. This is
+	 * required for FSGSBASE because the kernel GSBASE has to
+	 * be retrieved from a kernel internal table.
 	 */
 	SAVE_AND_SWITCH_TO_KERNEL_CR3 scratch_reg=%rax save_reg=%r14
 
+	/* EBX = 1 -> kernel GSBASE active, no restore required */
+	movl	$1, %ebx
+	/*
+	 * The kernel-enforced convention is a negative GSBASE indicates
+	 * a kernel value. No SWAPGS needed on entry and exit.
+	 */
+	movl	$MSR_GS_BASE, %ecx
+	rdmsr
+	testl	%edx, %edx
+	jns	.Lparanoid_entry_swapgs
+	ret
+
+.Lparanoid_entry_swapgs:
+	SWAPGS
+
 	/*
 	 * The above SAVE_AND_SWITCH_TO_KERNEL_CR3 macro doesn't do an
 	 * unconditional CR3 write, even in the PTI case.  So do an lfence
@@ -1248,6 +1261,8 @@ SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(paranoid_entry)
 	 */
 	FENCE_SWAPGS_KERNEL_ENTRY
 
+	/* EBX = 0 -> SWAPGS required on exit */
+	xorl	%ebx, %ebx
 	ret
 SYM_CODE_END(paranoid_entry)
 
@@ -1267,7 +1282,8 @@ SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(paranoid_exit)
 	UNWIND_HINT_REGS
 	DISABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_ANY)
 	TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG
-	testl	%ebx, %ebx			/* swapgs needed? */
+	/* If EBX is 0, SWAPGS is required */
+	testl	%ebx, %ebx
 	jnz	.Lparanoid_exit_no_swapgs
 	TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ
 	/* Always restore stashed CR3 value (see paranoid_entry) */
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 10/16] x86/entry/64: Introduce the FIND_PERCPU_BASE macro

[Sasha Levin]

From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>

GSBASE is used to find per-CPU data in the kernel. But when GSBASE is
unknown, the per-CPU base can be found from the per_cpu_offset table with a
CPU NR.  The CPU NR is extracted from the limit field of the CPUNODE entry
in GDT, or by the RDPID instruction. This is a prerequisite for using
FSGSBASE in the low level entry code.

Also, add the GAS-compatible RDPID macro as binutils 2.21 do not support
it. Support is added in version 2.27.

[ tglx: Massaged changelog ]

Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-12-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/entry/calling.h    | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/inst.h | 15 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 49 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/calling.h b/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
index 1c7f13bb6728..1b95cdc19b18 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <asm/percpu.h>
 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
+#include <asm/inst.h>
 
 /*
 
@@ -349,6 +350,39 @@ For 32-bit we have the following conventions - kernel is built with
 #endif
 .endm
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+
+/*
+ * CPU/node NR is loaded from the limit (size) field of a special segment
+ * descriptor entry in GDT.
+ */
+.macro LOAD_CPU_AND_NODE_SEG_LIMIT reg:req
+	movq	$__CPUNODE_SEG, \reg
+	lsl	\reg, \reg
+.endm
+
+/*
+ * Fetch the per-CPU GSBASE value for this processor and put it in @reg.
+ * We normally use %gs for accessing per-CPU data, but we are setting up
+ * %gs here and obviously can not use %gs itself to access per-CPU data.
+ */
+.macro GET_PERCPU_BASE reg:req
+	ALTERNATIVE \
+		"LOAD_CPU_AND_NODE_SEG_LIMIT \reg", \
+		"RDPID	\reg", \
+		X86_FEATURE_RDPID
+	andq	$VDSO_CPUNODE_MASK, \reg
+	movq	__per_cpu_offset(, \reg, 8), \reg
+.endm
+
+#else
+
+.macro GET_PERCPU_BASE reg:req
+	movq	pcpu_unit_offsets(%rip), \reg
+.endm
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
+
 /*
  * This does 'call enter_from_user_mode' unless we can avoid it based on
  * kernel config or using the static jump infrastructure.
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/inst.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/inst.h
index f5a796da07f8..d063841a17e3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/inst.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/inst.h
@@ -306,6 +306,21 @@
 	.endif
 	MODRM 0xc0 movq_r64_xmm_opd1 movq_r64_xmm_opd2
 	.endm
+
+.macro RDPID opd
+	REG_TYPE rdpid_opd_type \opd
+	.if rdpid_opd_type == REG_TYPE_R64
+	R64_NUM rdpid_opd \opd
+	.else
+	R32_NUM rdpid_opd \opd
+	.endif
+	.byte 0xf3
+	.if rdpid_opd > 7
+	PFX_REX rdpid_opd 0
+	.endif
+	.byte 0x0f, 0xc7
+	MODRM 0xc0 rdpid_opd 0x7
+.endm
 #endif
 
 #endif
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 11/16] x86/entry/64: Handle FSGSBASE enabled paranoid entry/exit

[Sasha Levin]

From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>

Without FSGSBASE, user space cannot change GSBASE other than through a
PRCTL. The kernel enforces that the user space GSBASE value is postive as
negative values are used for detecting the kernel space GSBASE value in the
paranoid entry code.

If FSGSBASE is enabled, user space can set arbitrary GSBASE values without
kernel intervention, including negative ones, which breaks the paranoid
entry assumptions.

To avoid this, paranoid entry needs to unconditionally save the current
GSBASE value independent of the interrupted context, retrieve and write the
kernel GSBASE and unconditionally restore the saved value on exit. The
restore happens either in paranoid_exit or in the special exit path of the
NMI low level code.

All other entry code pathes which use unconditional SWAPGS are not affected
as they do not depend on the actual content.

[ tglx: Massaged changelogs and comments ]

Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-13-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/entry/calling.h  |   6 +++
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S | 107 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/calling.h b/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
index 1b95cdc19b18..57335f948bf7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/calling.h
@@ -342,6 +342,12 @@ For 32-bit we have the following conventions - kernel is built with
 #endif
 .endm
 
+.macro SAVE_AND_SET_GSBASE scratch_reg:req save_reg:req
+	rdgsbase \save_reg
+	GET_PERCPU_BASE \scratch_reg
+	wrgsbase \scratch_reg
+.endm
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
 
 .macro STACKLEAK_ERASE
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
index 3b9ccba6c4b4..53246c470607 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include <asm/export.h>
 #include <asm/frame.h>
 #include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
+#include <asm/fsgsbase.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 
 #include "calling.h"
@@ -921,7 +922,6 @@ apicinterrupt IRQ_WORK_VECTOR			irq_work_interrupt		smp_irq_work_interrupt
 	.endif
 
 	.if \paranoid
-	/* this procedure expect "no swapgs" flag in ebx */
 	jmp	paranoid_exit
 	.else
 	jmp	error_exit
@@ -1211,9 +1211,14 @@ idtentry machine_check		do_mce			has_error_code=0	paranoid=1
 #endif
 
 /*
- * Save all registers in pt_regs, and switch gs if needed.
- * Use slow, but surefire "are we in kernel?" check.
- * Return: ebx=0: need swapgs on exit, ebx=1: otherwise
+ * Save all registers in pt_regs. Return GSBASE related information
+ * in EBX depending on the availability of the FSGSBASE instructions:
+ *
+ * FSGSBASE	R/EBX
+ *     N        0 -> SWAPGS on exit
+ *              1 -> no SWAPGS on exit
+ *
+ *     Y        GSBASE value at entry, must be restored in paranoid_exit
  */
 SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(paranoid_entry)
 	UNWIND_HINT_FUNC
@@ -1221,7 +1226,6 @@ SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(paranoid_entry)
 	PUSH_AND_CLEAR_REGS save_ret=1
 	ENCODE_FRAME_POINTER 8
 
-1:
 	/*
 	 * Always stash CR3 in %r14.  This value will be restored,
 	 * verbatim, at exit.  Needed if paranoid_entry interrupted
@@ -1239,6 +1243,28 @@ SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(paranoid_entry)
 	 */
 	SAVE_AND_SWITCH_TO_KERNEL_CR3 scratch_reg=%rax save_reg=%r14
 
+	/*
+	 * Handling GSBASE depends on the availability of FSGSBASE.
+	 *
+	 * Without FSGSBASE the kernel enforces that negative GSBASE
+	 * values indicate kernel GSBASE. With FSGSBASE no assumptions
+	 * can be made about the GSBASE value when entering from user
+	 * space.
+	 */
+	ALTERNATIVE "jmp .Lparanoid_entry_checkgs", "", X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE
+
+	/*
+	 * Read the current GSBASE and store it in %rbx unconditionally,
+	 * retrieve and set the current CPUs kernel GSBASE. The stored value
+	 * has to be restored in paranoid_exit unconditionally.
+	 *
+	 * The MSR write ensures that no subsequent load is based on a
+	 * mispredicted GSBASE. No extra FENCE required.
+	 */
+	SAVE_AND_SET_GSBASE scratch_reg=%rax save_reg=%rbx
+	ret
+
+.Lparanoid_entry_checkgs:
 	/* EBX = 1 -> kernel GSBASE active, no restore required */
 	movl	$1, %ebx
 	/*
@@ -1273,28 +1299,48 @@ SYM_CODE_END(paranoid_entry)
  *
  * We may be returning to very strange contexts (e.g. very early
  * in syscall entry), so checking for preemption here would
- * be complicated.  Fortunately, we there's no good reason
- * to try to handle preemption here.
+ * be complicated.  Fortunately, there's no good reason to try
+ * to handle preemption here.
+ *
+ * R/EBX contains the GSBASE related information depending on the
+ * availability of the FSGSBASE instructions:
+ *
+ * FSGSBASE	R/EBX
+ *     N        0 -> SWAPGS on exit
+ *              1 -> no SWAPGS on exit
  *
- * On entry, ebx is "no swapgs" flag (1: don't need swapgs, 0: need it)
+ *     Y        User space GSBASE, must be restored unconditionally
  */
 SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(paranoid_exit)
 	UNWIND_HINT_REGS
 	DISABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_ANY)
-	TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG
-	/* If EBX is 0, SWAPGS is required */
-	testl	%ebx, %ebx
-	jnz	.Lparanoid_exit_no_swapgs
-	TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ
-	/* Always restore stashed CR3 value (see paranoid_entry) */
-	RESTORE_CR3	scratch_reg=%rbx save_reg=%r14
-	SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK
-	jmp	restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel
-.Lparanoid_exit_no_swapgs:
+	/*
+	 * The order of operations is important. IRQ tracing requires
+	 * kernel GSBASE and CR3. RESTORE_CR3 requires kernel GSBASE.
+	 *
+	 * NB to anyone to try to optimize this code: this code does
+	 * not execute at all for exceptions from user mode. Those
+	 * exceptions go through error_exit instead.
+	 */
 	TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG
-	/* Always restore stashed CR3 value (see paranoid_entry) */
-	RESTORE_CR3	scratch_reg=%rbx save_reg=%r14
-	jmp restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel
+
+	RESTORE_CR3	scratch_reg=%rax save_reg=%r14
+
+	/* Handle the three GSBASE cases */
+	ALTERNATIVE "jmp .Lparanoid_exit_checkgs", "", X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE
+
+	/* With FSGSBASE enabled, unconditionally restore GSBASE */
+	wrgsbase	%rbx
+	jmp		restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel
+
+.Lparanoid_exit_checkgs:
+	/* On non-FSGSBASE systems, conditionally do SWAPGS */
+	testl		%ebx, %ebx
+	jnz		restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel
+
+	/* We are returning to a context with user GSBASE */
+	SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK
+	jmp		restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel
 SYM_CODE_END(paranoid_exit)
 
 /*
@@ -1702,10 +1748,27 @@ end_repeat_nmi:
 	/* Always restore stashed CR3 value (see paranoid_entry) */
 	RESTORE_CR3 scratch_reg=%r15 save_reg=%r14
 
-	testl	%ebx, %ebx			/* swapgs needed? */
+	/*
+	 * The above invocation of paranoid_entry stored the GSBASE
+	 * related information in R/EBX depending on the availability
+	 * of FSGSBASE.
+	 *
+	 * If FSGSBASE is enabled, restore the saved GSBASE value
+	 * unconditionally, otherwise take the conditional SWAPGS path.
+	 */
+	ALTERNATIVE "jmp nmi_no_fsgsbase", "", X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE
+
+	wrgsbase	%rbx
+	jmp	nmi_restore
+
+nmi_no_fsgsbase:
+	/* EBX == 0 -> invoke SWAPGS */
+	testl	%ebx, %ebx
 	jnz	nmi_restore
+
 nmi_swapgs:
 	SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK
+
 nmi_restore:
 	POP_REGS
 
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 12/16] x86/cpu: Enable FSGSBASE on 64bit by default and add a chicken bit

[Sasha Levin]

From: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>

Now that FSGSBASE is fully supported, remove unsafe_fsgsbase, enable
FSGSBASE by default, and add nofsgsbase to disable it.

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-17-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |  3 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                  | 32 ++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index af3aaade195b..1924845c879c 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -3033,8 +3033,7 @@
 	no5lvl		[X86-64] Disable 5-level paging mode. Forces
 			kernel to use 4-level paging instead.
 
-	unsafe_fsgsbase	[X86] Allow FSGSBASE instructions.  This will be
-			replaced with a nofsgsbase flag.
+	nofsgsbase	[X86] Disables FSGSBASE instructions.
 
 	no_console_suspend
 			[HW] Never suspend the console
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index 4224760c74e2..0d480cbadc7d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -418,21 +418,21 @@ static void __init setup_cr_pinning(void)
 	static_key_enable(&cr_pinning.key);
 }
 
-/*
- * Temporary hack: FSGSBASE is unsafe until a few kernel code paths are
- * updated. This allows us to get the kernel ready incrementally.
- *
- * Once all the pieces are in place, these will go away and be replaced with
- * a nofsgsbase chicken flag.
- */
-static bool unsafe_fsgsbase;
-
-static __init int setup_unsafe_fsgsbase(char *arg)
+static __init int x86_nofsgsbase_setup(char *arg)
 {
-	unsafe_fsgsbase = true;
+	/* Require an exact match without trailing characters. */
+	if (strlen(arg))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Do not emit a message if the feature is not present. */
+	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE))
+		return 1;
+
+	setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE);
+	pr_info("FSGSBASE disabled via kernel command line\n");
 	return 1;
 }
-__setup("unsafe_fsgsbase", setup_unsafe_fsgsbase);
+__setup("nofsgsbase", x86_nofsgsbase_setup);
 
 /*
  * Protection Keys are not available in 32-bit mode.
@@ -1495,12 +1495,8 @@ static void identify_cpu(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 	setup_umip(c);
 
 	/* Enable FSGSBASE instructions if available. */
-	if (cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE)) {
-		if (unsafe_fsgsbase)
-			cr4_set_bits(X86_CR4_FSGSBASE);
-		else
-			clear_cpu_cap(c, X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE);
-	}
+	if (cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE))
+		cr4_set_bits(X86_CR4_FSGSBASE);
 
 	/*
 	 * The vendor-specific functions might have changed features.
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH v13 13/16] x86/elf: Enumerate kernel FSGSBASE capability in AT_HWCAP2

[Sasha Levin]

From: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>

The kernel needs to explicitly enable FSGSBASE. So, the application needs
to know if it can safely use these instructions. Just looking at the CPUID
bit is not enough because it may be running in a kernel that does not
enable the instructions.

One way for the application would be to just try and catch the SIGILL.
But that is difficult to do in libraries which may not want to overwrite
the signal handlers of the main application.

Enumerate the enabled FSGSBASE capability in bit 1 of AT_HWCAP2 in the ELF
aux vector. AT_HWCAP2 is already used by PPC for similar purposes.

The application can access it open coded or by using the getauxval()
function in newer versions of glibc.

[ tglx: Massaged changelog ]

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1557309753-24073-18-git-send-email-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h | 3 +++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c       | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h
index 8b2effe6efb8..5fdfcb47000f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h
@@ -5,4 +5,7 @@
 /* MONITOR/MWAIT enabled in Ring 3 */
 #define HWCAP2_RING3MWAIT		(1 << 0)
 
+/* Kernel allows FSGSBASE instructions available in Ring 3 */
+#define HWCAP2_FSGSBASE			BIT(1)
+
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index 0d480cbadc7d..b5a086ea3425 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -1495,8 +1495,10 @@ static void identify_cpu(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 	setup_umip(c);
 
 	/* Enable FSGSBASE instructions if available. */
-	if (cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE))
+	if (cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_FSGSBASE)) {
 		cr4_set_bits(X86_CR4_FSGSBASE);
+		elf_hwcap2 |= HWCAP2_FSGSBASE;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * The vendor-specific functions might have changed features.
-- 
2.25.1

[PATCH] x86/elf: Fix use of internal macro BIT in uapi header

[Thiago Macieira]

This breaks the build in userspace since this macro is not available.

<stdin>:1:18: error: ‘BIT’ was not declared in this scope

Fixes: 742c45c3ecc9255e1 ("x86/elf: Enumerate kernel FSGSBASE capability in AT_HWCAP2")
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thiago Macieira <thiago.macieira@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h
index 5fdfcb47000f..6d2175b43710 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/hwcap2.h
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
 #define HWCAP2_RING3MWAIT		(1 << 0)
 
 /* Kernel allows FSGSBASE instructions available in Ring 3 */
-#define HWCAP2_FSGSBASE			BIT(1)
+#define HWCAP2_FSGSBASE			(1 << 1)
 
 #endif
-- 
2.29.0

[PATCH v13 14/16] Documentation/x86/64: Add documentation for GS/FS addressing mode

[Sasha Levin]

From: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Explain how the GS/FS based addressing can be utilized in user space
applications along with the differences between the generic prctl() based
GS/FS base control and the FSGSBASE version available on newer CPUs.

Originally-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst  | 199 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst |   1 +
 2 files changed, 200 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..50960e09e1f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Using FS and GS segments in user space applications
+===================================================
+
+The x86 architecture supports segmentation. Instructions which access
+memory can use segment register based addressing mode. The following
+notation is used to address a byte within a segment:
+
+  Segment-register:Byte-address
+
+The segment base address is added to the Byte-address to compute the
+resulting virtual address which is accessed. This allows to access multiple
+instances of data with the identical Byte-address, i.e. the same code. The
+selection of a particular instance is purely based on the base-address in
+the segment register.
+
+In 32-bit mode the CPU provides 6 segments, which also support segment
+limits. The limits can be used to enforce address space protections.
+
+In 64-bit mode the CS/SS/DS/ES segments are ignored and the base address is
+always 0 to provide a full 64bit address space. The FS and GS segments are
+still functional in 64-bit mode.
+
+Common FS and GS usage
+------------------------------
+
+The FS segment is commonly used to address Thread Local Storage (TLS). FS
+is usually managed by runtime code or a threading library. Variables
+declared with the '__thread' storage class specifier are instantiated per
+thread and the compiler emits the FS: address prefix for accesses to these
+variables. Each thread has its own FS base address so common code can be
+used without complex address offset calculations to access the per thread
+instances. Applications should not use FS for other purposes when they use
+runtimes or threading libraries which manage the per thread FS.
+
+The GS segment has no common use and can be used freely by
+applications. GCC and Clang support GS based addressing via address space
+identifiers.
+
+Reading and writing the FS/GS base address
+------------------------------------------
+
+There exist two mechanisms to read and write the FS/GS base address:
+
+ - the arch_prctl() system call
+
+ - the FSGSBASE instruction family
+
+Accessing FS/GS base with arch_prctl()
+--------------------------------------
+
+ The arch_prctl(2) based mechanism is available on all 64-bit CPUs and all
+ kernel versions.
+
+ Reading the base:
+
+   arch_prctl(ARCH_GET_FS, &fsbase);
+   arch_prctl(ARCH_GET_GS, &gsbase);
+
+ Writing the base:
+
+   arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, fsbase);
+   arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_GS, gsbase);
+
+ The ARCH_SET_GS prctl may be disabled depending on kernel configuration
+ and security settings.
+
+Accessing FS/GS base with the FSGSBASE instructions
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+ With the Ivy Bridge CPU generation Intel introduced a new set of
+ instructions to access the FS and GS base registers directly from user
+ space. These instructions are also supported on AMD Family 17H CPUs. The
+ following instructions are available:
+
+  =============== ===========================
+  RDFSBASE %reg   Read the FS base register
+  RDGSBASE %reg   Read the GS base register
+  WRFSBASE %reg   Write the FS base register
+  WRGSBASE %reg   Write the GS base register
+  =============== ===========================
+
+ The instructions avoid the overhead of the arch_prctl() syscall and allow
+ more flexible usage of the FS/GS addressing modes in user space
+ applications. This does not prevent conflicts between threading libraries
+ and runtimes which utilize FS and applications which want to use it for
+ their own purpose.
+
+FSGSBASE instructions enablement
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ The instructions are enumerated in CPUID leaf 7, bit 0 of EBX. If
+ available /proc/cpuinfo shows 'fsgsbase' in the flag entry of the CPUs.
+
+ The availability of the instructions does not enable them
+ automatically. The kernel has to enable them explicitly in CR4. The
+ reason for this is that older kernels make assumptions about the values in
+ the GS register and enforce them when GS base is set via
+ arch_prctl(). Allowing user space to write arbitrary values to GS base
+ would violate these assumptions and cause malfunction.
+
+ On kernels which do not enable FSGSBASE the execution of the FSGSBASE
+ instructions will fault with a #UD exception.
+
+ The kernel provides reliable information about the enabled state in the
+ ELF AUX vector. If the HWCAP2_FSGSBASE bit is set in the AUX vector, the
+ kernel has FSGSBASE instructions enabled and applications can use them.
+ The following code example shows how this detection works::
+
+   #include <sys/auxv.h>
+   #include <elf.h>
+
+   /* Will be eventually in asm/hwcap.h */
+   #ifndef HWCAP2_FSGSBASE
+   #define HWCAP2_FSGSBASE        (1 << 1)
+   #endif
+
+   ....
+
+   unsigned val = getauxval(AT_HWCAP2);
+
+   if (val & HWCAP2_FSGSBASE)
+        printf("FSGSBASE enabled\n");
+
+FSGSBASE instructions compiler support
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+GCC version 4.6.4 and newer provide instrinsics for the FSGSBASE
+instructions. Clang 5 supports them as well.
+
+  =================== ===========================
+  _readfsbase_u64()   Read the FS base register
+  _readfsbase_u64()   Read the GS base register
+  _writefsbase_u64()  Write the FS base register
+  _writegsbase_u64()  Write the GS base register
+  =================== ===========================
+
+To utilize these instrinsics <immintrin.h> must be included in the source
+code and the compiler option -mfsgsbase has to be added.
+
+Compiler support for FS/GS based addressing
+-------------------------------------------
+
+GCC version 6 and newer provide support for FS/GS based addressing via
+Named Address Spaces. GCC implements the following address space
+identifiers for x86:
+
+  ========= ====================================
+  __seg_fs  Variable is addressed relative to FS
+  __seg_gs  Variable is addressed relative to GS
+  ========= ====================================
+
+The preprocessor symbols __SEG_FS and __SEG_GS are defined when these
+address spaces are supported. Code which implements fallback modes should
+check whether these symbols are defined. Usage example::
+
+  #ifdef __SEG_GS
+
+  long data0 = 0;
+  long data1 = 1;
+
+  long __seg_gs *ptr;
+
+  /* Check whether FSGSBASE is enabled by the kernel (HWCAP2_FSGSBASE) */
+  ....
+
+  /* Set GS base to point to data0 */
+  _writegsbase_u64(&data0);
+
+  /* Access offset 0 of GS */
+  ptr = 0;
+  printf("data0 = %ld\n", *ptr);
+
+  /* Set GS base to point to data1 */
+  _writegsbase_u64(&data1);
+  /* ptr still addresses offset 0! */
+  printf("data1 = %ld\n", *ptr);
+
+
+Clang does not provide the GCC address space identifiers, but it provides
+address spaces via an attribute based mechanism in Clang 2.6 and newer
+versions:
+
+ ==================================== =====================================
+  __attribute__((address_space(256))  Variable is addressed relative to GS
+  __attribute__((address_space(257))  Variable is addressed relative to FS
+ ==================================== =====================================
+
+FS/GS based addressing with inline assembly
+-------------------------------------------
+
+In case the compiler does not support address spaces, inline assembly can
+be used for FS/GS based addressing mode::
+
+	mov %fs:offset, %reg
+	mov %gs:offset, %reg
+
+	mov %reg, %fs:offset
+	mov %reg, %gs:offset
diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst
index d6eaaa5a35fc..a56070fc8e77 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ x86_64 Support
    fake-numa-for-cpusets
    cpu-hotplug-spec
    machinecheck
+   fsgs
-- 
2.25.1

[tip: x86/fsgsbase] Documentation/x86/64: Add documentation for GS/FS addressing mode

[tip-bot2 for Thomas Gleixner]

The following commit has been merged into the x86/fsgsbase branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     82c0c7d24c1a034d94af4595dbd3910d7336a6dc
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/82c0c7d24c1a034d94af4595dbd3910d7336a6dc
Author:        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
AuthorDate:    Thu, 28 May 2020 16:14:00 -04:00
Committer:     Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CommitterDate: Thu, 18 Jun 2020 15:47:06 +02:00

Documentation/x86/64: Add documentation for GS/FS addressing mode

Explain how the GS/FS based addressing can be utilized in user space
applications along with the differences between the generic prctl() based
GS/FS base control and the FSGSBASE version available on newer CPUs.

Originally-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200528201402.1708239-15-sashal@kernel.org


---
 Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst  | 199 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst |   1 +-
 2 files changed, 200 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50960e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fsgs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Using FS and GS segments in user space applications
+===================================================
+
+The x86 architecture supports segmentation. Instructions which access
+memory can use segment register based addressing mode. The following
+notation is used to address a byte within a segment:
+
+  Segment-register:Byte-address
+
+The segment base address is added to the Byte-address to compute the
+resulting virtual address which is accessed. This allows to access multiple
+instances of data with the identical Byte-address, i.e. the same code. The
+selection of a particular instance is purely based on the base-address in
+the segment register.
+
+In 32-bit mode the CPU provides 6 segments, which also support segment
+limits. The limits can be used to enforce address space protections.
+
+In 64-bit mode the CS/SS/DS/ES segments are ignored and the base address is
+always 0 to provide a full 64bit address space. The FS and GS segments are
+still functional in 64-bit mode.
+
+Common FS and GS usage
+------------------------------
+
+The FS segment is commonly used to address Thread Local Storage (TLS). FS
+is usually managed by runtime code or a threading library. Variables
+declared with the '__thread' storage class specifier are instantiated per
+thread and the compiler emits the FS: address prefix for accesses to these
+variables. Each thread has its own FS base address so common code can be
+used without complex address offset calculations to access the per thread
+instances. Applications should not use FS for other purposes when they use
+runtimes or threading libraries which manage the per thread FS.
+
+The GS segment has no common use and can be used freely by
+applications. GCC and Clang support GS based addressing via address space
+identifiers.
+
+Reading and writing the FS/GS base address
+------------------------------------------
+
+There exist two mechanisms to read and write the FS/GS base address:
+
+ - the arch_prctl() system call
+
+ - the FSGSBASE instruction family
+
+Accessing FS/GS base with arch_prctl()
+--------------------------------------
+
+ The arch_prctl(2) based mechanism is available on all 64-bit CPUs and all
+ kernel versions.
+
+ Reading the base:
+
+   arch_prctl(ARCH_GET_FS, &fsbase);
+   arch_prctl(ARCH_GET_GS, &gsbase);
+
+ Writing the base:
+
+   arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, fsbase);
+   arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_GS, gsbase);
+
+ The ARCH_SET_GS prctl may be disabled depending on kernel configuration
+ and security settings.
+
+Accessing FS/GS base with the FSGSBASE instructions
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+ With the Ivy Bridge CPU generation Intel introduced a new set of
+ instructions to access the FS and GS base registers directly from user
+ space. These instructions are also supported on AMD Family 17H CPUs. The
+ following instructions are available:
+
+  =============== ===========================
+  RDFSBASE %reg   Read the FS base register
+  RDGSBASE %reg   Read the GS base register
+  WRFSBASE %reg   Write the FS base register
+  WRGSBASE %reg   Write the GS base register
+  =============== ===========================
+
+ The instructions avoid the overhead of the arch_prctl() syscall and allow
+ more flexible usage of the FS/GS addressing modes in user space
+ applications. This does not prevent conflicts between threading libraries
+ and runtimes which utilize FS and applications which want to use it for
+ their own purpose.
+
+FSGSBASE instructions enablement
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ The instructions are enumerated in CPUID leaf 7, bit 0 of EBX. If
+ available /proc/cpuinfo shows 'fsgsbase' in the flag entry of the CPUs.
+
+ The availability of the instructions does not enable them
+ automatically. The kernel has to enable them explicitly in CR4. The
+ reason for this is that older kernels make assumptions about the values in
+ the GS register and enforce them when GS base is set via
+ arch_prctl(). Allowing user space to write arbitrary values to GS base
+ would violate these assumptions and cause malfunction.
+
+ On kernels which do not enable FSGSBASE the execution of the FSGSBASE
+ instructions will fault with a #UD exception.
+
+ The kernel provides reliable information about the enabled state in the
+ ELF AUX vector. If the HWCAP2_FSGSBASE bit is set in the AUX vector, the
+ kernel has FSGSBASE instructions enabled and applications can use them.
+ The following code example shows how this detection works::
+
+   #include <sys/auxv.h>
+   #include <elf.h>
+
+   /* Will be eventually in asm/hwcap.h */
+   #ifndef HWCAP2_FSGSBASE
+   #define HWCAP2_FSGSBASE        (1 << 1)
+   #endif
+
+   ....
+
+   unsigned val = getauxval(AT_HWCAP2);
+
+   if (val & HWCAP2_FSGSBASE)
+        printf("FSGSBASE enabled\n");
+
+FSGSBASE instructions compiler support
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+GCC version 4.6.4 and newer provide instrinsics for the FSGSBASE
+instructions. Clang 5 supports them as well.
+
+  =================== ===========================
+  _readfsbase_u64()   Read the FS base register
+  _readfsbase_u64()   Read the GS base register
+  _writefsbase_u64()  Write the FS base register
+  _writegsbase_u64()  Write the GS base register
+  =================== ===========================
+
+To utilize these instrinsics <immintrin.h> must be included in the source
+code and the compiler option -mfsgsbase has to be added.
+
+Compiler support for FS/GS based addressing
+-------------------------------------------
+
+GCC version 6 and newer provide support for FS/GS based addressing via
+Named Address Spaces. GCC implements the following address space
+identifiers for x86:
+
+  ========= ====================================
+  __seg_fs  Variable is addressed relative to FS
+  __seg_gs  Variable is addressed relative to GS
+  ========= ====================================
+
+The preprocessor symbols __SEG_FS and __SEG_GS are defined when these
+address spaces are supported. Code which implements fallback modes should
+check whether these symbols are defined. Usage example::
+
+  #ifdef __SEG_GS
+
+  long data0 = 0;
+  long data1 = 1;
+
+  long __seg_gs *ptr;
+
+  /* Check whether FSGSBASE is enabled by the kernel (HWCAP2_FSGSBASE) */
+  ....
+
+  /* Set GS base to point to data0 */
+  _writegsbase_u64(&data0);
+
+  /* Access offset 0 of GS */
+  ptr = 0;
+  printf("data0 = %ld\n", *ptr);
+
+  /* Set GS base to point to data1 */
+  _writegsbase_u64(&data1);
+  /* ptr still addresses offset 0! */
+  printf("data1 = %ld\n", *ptr);
+
+
+Clang does not provide the GCC address space identifiers, but it provides
+address spaces via an attribute based mechanism in Clang 2.6 and newer
+versions:
+
+ ==================================== =====================================
+  __attribute__((address_space(256))  Variable is addressed relative to GS
+  __attribute__((address_space(257))  Variable is addressed relative to FS
+ ==================================== =====================================
+
+FS/GS based addressing with inline assembly
+-------------------------------------------
+
+In case the compiler does not support address spaces, inline assembly can
+be used for FS/GS based addressing mode::
+
+	mov %fs:offset, %reg
+	mov %gs:offset, %reg
+
+	mov %reg, %fs:offset
+	mov %reg, %gs:offset
diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst
index d6eaaa5..a56070f 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/index.rst
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ x86_64 Support
    fake-numa-for-cpusets
    cpu-hotplug-spec
    machinecheck
+   fsgs

[PATCH v13 15/16] selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test GS selector on ptracer-induced GS base write

[Sasha Levin]

From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>

The test validates that the selector is not changed when a ptracer writes
the ptracee's GS base.

Originally-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c | 21 +++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
index 15a329da59fa..950a48b2e366 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 	wait(&status);
 
 	if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGTRAP) {
-		unsigned long gs, base;
+		unsigned long gs;
 		unsigned long gs_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs);
 		unsigned long base_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs_base);
 
@@ -481,7 +481,6 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 			err(1, "PTRACE_POKEUSER");
 
 		gs = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, gs_offset, NULL);
-		base = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, base_offset, NULL);
 
 		/*
 		 * In a non-FSGSBASE system, the nonzero selector will load
@@ -489,11 +488,21 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 		 * selector value is changed or not by the GSBASE write in
 		 * a ptracer.
 		 */
-		if (gs == 0 && base == 0xFF) {
-			printf("[OK]\tGS was reset as expected\n");
-		} else {
+		if (gs != *shared_scratch) {
 			nerrs++;
-			printf("[FAIL]\tGS=0x%lx, GSBASE=0x%lx (should be 0, 0xFF)\n", gs, base);
+			printf("[FAIL]\tGS changed to %lx\n", gs);
+
+			/*
+			 * On older kernels, poking a nonzero value into the
+			 * base would zero the selector.  On newer kernels,
+			 * this behavior has changed -- poking the base
+			 * changes only the base and, if FSGSBASE is not
+			 * available, this may not effect.
+			 */
+			if (gs == 0)
+				printf("\tNote: this is expected behavior on older kernels.\n");
+		} else {
+			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx\n", *shared_scratch);
 		}
 	}
 
-- 
2.25.1

Re: [PATCH v13 15/16] selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test GS selector on ptracer-induced GS base write

[Shuah Khan]

On 5/28/20 2:14 PM, Sasha Levin wrote:
> From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
> 
> The test validates that the selector is not changed when a ptracer writes
> the ptracee's GS base.
> 
> Originally-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
> Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
> ---
>   tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c | 21 +++++++++++++++------
>   1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
> index 15a329da59fa..950a48b2e366 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
> @@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
>   	wait(&status);
>   
>   	if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGTRAP) {
> -		unsigned long gs, base;
> +		unsigned long gs;
>   		unsigned long gs_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs);
>   		unsigned long base_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs_base);
>   
> @@ -481,7 +481,6 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
>   			err(1, "PTRACE_POKEUSER");
>   
>   		gs = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, gs_offset, NULL);
> -		base = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, base_offset, NULL);
>   
>   		/*
>   		 * In a non-FSGSBASE system, the nonzero selector will load
> @@ -489,11 +488,21 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
>   		 * selector value is changed or not by the GSBASE write in
>   		 * a ptracer.
>   		 */
> -		if (gs == 0 && base == 0xFF) {
> -			printf("[OK]\tGS was reset as expected\n");
> -		} else {
> +		if (gs != *shared_scratch) {
>   			nerrs++;
> -			printf("[FAIL]\tGS=0x%lx, GSBASE=0x%lx (should be 0, 0xFF)\n", gs, base);
> +			printf("[FAIL]\tGS changed to %lx\n", gs);
> +
> +			/*
> +			 * On older kernels, poking a nonzero value into the
> +			 * base would zero the selector.  On newer kernels,
> +			 * this behavior has changed -- poking the base
> +			 * changes only the base and, if FSGSBASE is not
> +			 * available, this may not effect.
> +			 */
> +			if (gs == 0)
> +				printf("\tNote: this is expected behavior on older kernels.\n");

Let's add what is "this" for context in this message.

> +		} else {
> +			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx\n", *shared_scratch);
>   		}
>   	}
>   
> 

thanks,
-- Shuah

[tip: x86/fsgsbase] selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test GS selector on ptracer-induced GS base write

[tip-bot2 for Chang S. Bae]

The following commit has been merged into the x86/fsgsbase branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     291fd83569e10f3d305cd8adb62f6ec00f759dc6
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/291fd83569e10f3d305cd8adb62f6ec00f759dc6
Author:        Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
AuthorDate:    Thu, 28 May 2020 16:14:01 -04:00
Committer:     Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CommitterDate: Thu, 18 Jun 2020 15:47:06 +02:00

selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test GS selector on ptracer-induced GS base write

The test validates that the selector is not changed when a ptracer writes
the ptracee's GS base.

Originally-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200528201402.1708239-16-sashal@kernel.org


---
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c | 21 +++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
index 15a329d..950a48b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 	wait(&status);
 
 	if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGTRAP) {
-		unsigned long gs, base;
+		unsigned long gs;
 		unsigned long gs_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs);
 		unsigned long base_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs_base);
 
@@ -481,7 +481,6 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 			err(1, "PTRACE_POKEUSER");
 
 		gs = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, gs_offset, NULL);
-		base = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, base_offset, NULL);
 
 		/*
 		 * In a non-FSGSBASE system, the nonzero selector will load
@@ -489,11 +488,21 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 		 * selector value is changed or not by the GSBASE write in
 		 * a ptracer.
 		 */
-		if (gs == 0 && base == 0xFF) {
-			printf("[OK]\tGS was reset as expected\n");
-		} else {
+		if (gs != *shared_scratch) {
 			nerrs++;
-			printf("[FAIL]\tGS=0x%lx, GSBASE=0x%lx (should be 0, 0xFF)\n", gs, base);
+			printf("[FAIL]\tGS changed to %lx\n", gs);
+
+			/*
+			 * On older kernels, poking a nonzero value into the
+			 * base would zero the selector.  On newer kernels,
+			 * this behavior has changed -- poking the base
+			 * changes only the base and, if FSGSBASE is not
+			 * available, this may not effect.
+			 */
+			if (gs == 0)
+				printf("\tNote: this is expected behavior on older kernels.\n");
+		} else {
+			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx\n", *shared_scratch);
 		}
 	}
 

[PATCH v13 16/16] selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test ptracer-induced GS base write with FSGSBASE

[Sasha Levin]

From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>

This validates that GS selector and base are independently preserved in
ptrace commands.

Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
index 950a48b2e366..9a4349813a30 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 	wait(&status);
 
 	if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGTRAP) {
-		unsigned long gs;
+		unsigned long gs, base;
 		unsigned long gs_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs);
 		unsigned long base_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs_base);
 
@@ -481,6 +481,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 			err(1, "PTRACE_POKEUSER");
 
 		gs = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, gs_offset, NULL);
+		base = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, base_offset, NULL);
 
 		/*
 		 * In a non-FSGSBASE system, the nonzero selector will load
@@ -501,8 +502,14 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 			 */
 			if (gs == 0)
 				printf("\tNote: this is expected behavior on older kernels.\n");
+		} else if (have_fsgsbase && (base != 0xFF)) {
+			nerrs++;
+			printf("[FAIL]\tGSBASE changed to %lx\n", base);
 		} else {
-			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx\n", *shared_scratch);
+			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx", *shared_scratch);
+			if (have_fsgsbase)
+				printf(" and GSBASE changed to 0xFF");
+			printf("\n");
 		}
 	}
 
-- 
2.25.1

Re: [PATCH v13 16/16] selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test ptracer-induced GS base write with FSGSBASE

[Shuah Khan]

On 5/28/20 2:14 PM, Sasha Levin wrote:
> From: "Chang S. Bae" <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
> 
> This validates that GS selector and base are independently preserved in
> ptrace commands.
> 
> Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
> Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
> ---
>   tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c | 11 +++++++++--
>   1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
> index 950a48b2e366..9a4349813a30 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
> @@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
>   	wait(&status);
>   
>   	if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGTRAP) {
> -		unsigned long gs;
> +		unsigned long gs, base;
>   		unsigned long gs_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs);
>   		unsigned long base_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs_base);
>   
> @@ -481,6 +481,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
>   			err(1, "PTRACE_POKEUSER");
>   
>   		gs = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, gs_offset, NULL);
> +		base = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, base_offset, NULL);
>   
>   		/*
>   		 * In a non-FSGSBASE system, the nonzero selector will load
> @@ -501,8 +502,14 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
>   			 */
>   			if (gs == 0)
>   				printf("\tNote: this is expected behavior on older kernels.\n");

I know this hasn't changed. Please clarify what is "this" in this
message.

> +		} else if (have_fsgsbase && (base != 0xFF)) {
> +			nerrs++;
> +			printf("[FAIL]\tGSBASE changed to %lx\n", base);
>   		} else {
> -			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx\n", *shared_scratch);
> +			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx", *shared_scratch);
> +			if (have_fsgsbase)
> +				printf(" and GSBASE changed to 0xFF");
> +			printf("\n");
>   		}
>   	}
>   
> 

thanks,
-- Shuah

[tip: x86/fsgsbase] selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test ptracer-induced GS base write with FSGSBASE

[tip-bot2 for Chang S. Bae]

The following commit has been merged into the x86/fsgsbase branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     5e7ec8578fa3dada50c50f5b234fa8d154b76349
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/5e7ec8578fa3dada50c50f5b234fa8d154b76349
Author:        Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
AuthorDate:    Thu, 28 May 2020 16:14:02 -04:00
Committer:     Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CommitterDate: Thu, 18 Jun 2020 15:47:07 +02:00

selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test ptracer-induced GS base write with FSGSBASE

This validates that GS selector and base are independently preserved in
ptrace commands.

Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200528201402.1708239-17-sashal@kernel.org


---
 tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
index 950a48b..9a43498 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/x86/fsgsbase.c
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 	wait(&status);
 
 	if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGTRAP) {
-		unsigned long gs;
+		unsigned long gs, base;
 		unsigned long gs_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs);
 		unsigned long base_offset = USER_REGS_OFFSET(gs_base);
 
@@ -481,6 +481,7 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 			err(1, "PTRACE_POKEUSER");
 
 		gs = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, gs_offset, NULL);
+		base = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, child, base_offset, NULL);
 
 		/*
 		 * In a non-FSGSBASE system, the nonzero selector will load
@@ -501,8 +502,14 @@ static void test_ptrace_write_gsbase(void)
 			 */
 			if (gs == 0)
 				printf("\tNote: this is expected behavior on older kernels.\n");
+		} else if (have_fsgsbase && (base != 0xFF)) {
+			nerrs++;
+			printf("[FAIL]\tGSBASE changed to %lx\n", base);
 		} else {
-			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx\n", *shared_scratch);
+			printf("[OK]\tGS remained 0x%hx", *shared_scratch);
+			if (have_fsgsbase)
+				printf(" and GSBASE changed to 0xFF");
+			printf("\n");
 		}
 	}
 

Re: [PATCH v13 00/16] Enable FSGSBASE instructions

[Thomas Gleixner]

Sasha,

Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org> writes:
> Changes from v12:
>  - Reformat the series to be closer to the reverted codebase for easier
>    review.
>  - Drop a few of the changes introduced in v8 and v9.

I've pushed the lot out to

   git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip.git x86/fsgsbase

Thanks for taking this up!

       tglx

Re: [PATCH v13 00/16] Enable FSGSBASE instructions

[Andy Lutomirski]

On Thu, Jun 18, 2020 at 7:18 AM Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
>
> Sasha,
>
> Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org> writes:
> > Changes from v12:
> >  - Reformat the series to be closer to the reverted codebase for easier
> >    review.
> >  - Drop a few of the changes introduced in v8 and v9.
>
> I've pushed the lot out to
>
>    git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip.git x86/fsgsbase
>
> Thanks for taking this up!
>

Is there a plan to deal with:

        /*
         * This function has some ABI oddities.
         *
         * A 32-bit ptracer probably expects that writing FS or GS will change
         * FSBASE or GSBASE respectively.  In the absence of FSGSBASE support,
         * this code indeed has that effect.  When FSGSBASE is added, this
         * will require a special case.
         *
         * For existing 64-bit ptracers, writing FS or GS *also* currently
         * changes the base if the selector is nonzero the next time the task
         * is run.  This behavior may? not be needed, and trying to preserve it
         * when FSGSBASE is added would be complicated at best.
         */

in arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c?

Re: [PATCH v13 00/16] Enable FSGSBASE instructions

[Thomas Gleixner]

Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> writes:
> Is there a plan to deal with:
>
>         /*
>          * This function has some ABI oddities.
>          *
>          * A 32-bit ptracer probably expects that writing FS or GS will change
>          * FSBASE or GSBASE respectively.  In the absence of FSGSBASE support,
>          * this code indeed has that effect.  When FSGSBASE is added, this
>          * will require a special case.
>          *
>          * For existing 64-bit ptracers, writing FS or GS *also* currently
>          * changes the base if the selector is nonzero the next time the task
>          * is run.  This behavior may? not be needed, and trying to preserve it
>          * when FSGSBASE is added would be complicated at best.
>          */
>
> in arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c?

Not that I'm aware of.