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(unknown [121.229.73.16]) by mail-m121144.qiye.163.com (Hmail) with ESMTPA id DB381AC01F5; Thu, 3 Jun 2021 22:11:32 +0800 (CST) From: Wan Jiabing To: Alex Shi , Jonathan Corbet , Paul Walmsley , Palmer Dabbelt , Albert Ou , Nathan Chancellor , Nick Desaulniers , Wu XiangCheng , Fangrui Song , Bernard Zhao , Wan Jiabing , linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Cc: kael_w@yeah.net Subject: [PATCH] [v5] docs/zh_CN: add translations in zh_CN/dev-tools/kasan Date: Thu, 3 Jun 2021 22:11:17 +0800 Message-Id: <20210603141127.101689-1-wanjiabing@vivo.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.30.2 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-HM-Spam-Status: e1kfGhgUHx5ZQUtXWQgYFAkeWUFZS1VLWVdZKFlBSE83V1ktWUFJV1kPCR oVCBIfWUFZGh9DSFZNTB8eGEgaGE4eGENVEwETFhoSFyQUDg9ZV1kWGg8SFR0UWUFZT0tIVUpKS0 JITlVLWQY+ X-HM-Sender-Digest: e1kMHhlZQR0aFwgeV1kSHx4VD1lBWUc6MxA6OBw*ED8RGRQXHxgcMxhC T0xPFDpVSlVKTUlJTElCT0JITU9OVTMWGhIXVQwaFRESGhkSFRw7DRINFFUYFBZFWVdZEgtZQVlK SUpVSUlCVUxIVUpNWVdZCAFZQUlIT0xKNwY+ X-HM-Tid: 0a79d2370a9cb039kuuudb381ac01f5 Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Add new zh translations * zh_CN/dev-tools/kasan.rst and link it to zh_CN/dev-tools/index.rst Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song Signed-off-by: Wan Jiabing --- Changelog: v5: - Fix some aligns below titles. v4: - Fix a space missing. v3: - Fix aligns and inaccurate translation. v2: - Delete spaces surround with English words. --- .../translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/index.rst | 2 +- .../translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/kasan.rst | 417 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 418 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/kasan.rst diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/index.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/index.rst index fd73c479917b..e6c99f2f543f 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/index.rst @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ :maxdepth: 2 gcov + kasan Todolist: - coccinelle - sparse - kcov - - kasan - ubsan - kmemleak - kcsan diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/kasan.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/kasan.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..23db9d419047 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/kasan.rst @@ -0,0 +1,417 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst + +:Original: Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst +:Translator: 万家兵 Wan Jiabing + +内核地址消毒剂(KASAN) +===================== + +概述 +---- + +KernelAddressSANitizer(KASAN)是一种动态内存安全错误检测工具，主要功能是 +检查内存越界访问和使用已释放内存的问题。KASAN有三种模式: + +1. 通用KASAN（与用户空间的ASan类似） +2. 基于软件标签的KASAN（与用户空间的HWASan类似） +3. 基于硬件标签的KASAN（基于硬件内存标签） + +由于通用KASAN的内存开销较大，通用KASAN主要用于调试。基于软件标签的KASAN +可用于dogfood测试，因为它具有较低的内存开销，并允许将其用于实际工作量。 +基于硬件标签的KASAN具有较低的内存和性能开销，因此可用于生产。同时可用于 +检测现场内存问题或作为安全缓解措施。 + +软件KASAN模式（#1和#2）使用编译时工具在每次内存访问之前插入有效性检查， +因此需要一个支持它的编译器版本。 + +通用KASAN在GCC和Clang受支持。GCC需要8.3.0或更高版本。任何受支持的Clang +版本都是兼容的，但从Clang 11才开始支持检测全局变量的越界访问。 + +基于软件标签的KASAN模式仅在Clang中受支持。 + +硬件KASAN模式（#3）依赖硬件来执行检查，但仍需要支持内存标签指令的编译器 +版本。GCC 10+和Clang 11+支持此模式。 + +两种软件KASAN模式都适用于SLUB和SLAB内存分配器，而基于硬件标签的KASAN目前 +仅支持SLUB。 + +目前x86_64、arm、arm64、xtensa、s390、riscv架构支持通用KASAN模式，仅 +arm64架构支持基于标签的KASAN模式。 + +用法 +---- + +要启用KASAN，请使用以下命令配置内核:: + + CONFIG_KASAN=y + +同时在 ``CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC`` (启用通用KASAN模式)， ``CONFIG_KASAN_SW_TAGS`` +(启用基于硬件标签的KASAN模式)，和 ``CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS`` (启用基于硬件标签 +的KASAN模式)之间进行选择。 + +对于软件模式，还可以在 ``CONFIG_KASAN_OUTLINE`` 和 ``CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE`` +之间进行选择。outline和inline是编译器插桩类型。前者产生较小的二进制文件， +而后者快1.1-2倍。 + +要将受影响的slab对象的alloc和free堆栈跟踪包含到报告中，请启用 +``CONFIG_STACKTRACE`` 。要包括受影响物理页面的分配和释放堆栈跟踪的话， +请启用 ``CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER`` 并使用 ``page_owner=on`` 进行引导。 + +错误报告 +~~~~~~~~ + +典型的KASAN报告如下所示:: + + ================================================================== + BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in kmalloc_oob_right+0xa8/0xbc [test_kasan] + Write of size 1 at addr ffff8801f44ec37b by task insmod/2760 + + CPU: 1 PID: 2760 Comm: insmod Not tainted 4.19.0-rc3+ #698 + Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1 04/01/2014 + Call Trace: + dump_stack+0x94/0xd8 + print_address_description+0x73/0x280 + kasan_report+0x144/0x187 + __asan_report_store1_noabort+0x17/0x20 + kmalloc_oob_right+0xa8/0xbc [test_kasan] + kmalloc_tests_init+0x16/0x700 [test_kasan] + do_one_initcall+0xa5/0x3ae + do_init_module+0x1b6/0x547 + load_module+0x75df/0x8070 + __do_sys_init_module+0x1c6/0x200 + __x64_sys_init_module+0x6e/0xb0 + do_syscall_64+0x9f/0x2c0 + entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 + RIP: 0033:0x7f96443109da + RSP: 002b:00007ffcf0b51b08 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000af + RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055dc3ee521a0 RCX: 00007f96443109da + RDX: 00007f96445cff88 RSI: 0000000000057a50 RDI: 00007f9644992000 + RBP: 000055dc3ee510b0 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: 0000000000000000 + R10: 00007f964430cd0a R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007f96445cff88 + R13: 000055dc3ee51090 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 + + Allocated by task 2760: + save_stack+0x43/0xd0 + kasan_kmalloc+0xa7/0xd0 + kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0xe1/0x1b0 + kmalloc_oob_right+0x56/0xbc [test_kasan] + kmalloc_tests_init+0x16/0x700 [test_kasan] + do_one_initcall+0xa5/0x3ae + do_init_module+0x1b6/0x547 + load_module+0x75df/0x8070 + __do_sys_init_module+0x1c6/0x200 + __x64_sys_init_module+0x6e/0xb0 + do_syscall_64+0x9f/0x2c0 + entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 + + Freed by task 815: + save_stack+0x43/0xd0 + __kasan_slab_free+0x135/0x190 + kasan_slab_free+0xe/0x10 + kfree+0x93/0x1a0 + umh_complete+0x6a/0xa0 + call_usermodehelper_exec_async+0x4c3/0x640 + ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 + + The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8801f44ec300 + which belongs to the cache kmalloc-128 of size 128 + The buggy address is located 123 bytes inside of + 128-byte region [ffff8801f44ec300, ffff8801f44ec380) + The buggy address belongs to the page: + page:ffffea0007d13b00 count:1 mapcount:0 mapping:ffff8801f7001640 index:0x0 + flags: 0x200000000000100(slab) + raw: 0200000000000100 ffffea0007d11dc0 0000001a0000001a ffff8801f7001640 + raw: 0000000000000000 0000000080150015 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000 + page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected + + Memory state around the buggy address: + ffff8801f44ec200: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb + ffff8801f44ec280: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc + >ffff8801f44ec300: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 + ^ + ffff8801f44ec380: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb + ffff8801f44ec400: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc + ================================================================== + +报告标题总结了发生的错误类型以及导致该错误的访问类型。紧随其后的是错误访问的 +堆栈跟踪、所访问内存分配位置的堆栈跟踪（对于访问了slab对象的情况）以及对象 +被释放的位置的堆栈跟踪（对于访问已释放内存的问题报告）。接下来是对访问的 +slab对象的描述以及关于访问的内存页的信息。 + +最后，报告展示了访问地址周围的内存状态。在内部，KASAN单独跟踪每个内存颗粒的 +内存状态，根据KASAN模式分为8或16个对齐字节。报告的内存状态部分中的每个数字 +都显示了围绕访问地址的其中一个内存颗粒的状态。 + +对于通用KASAN，每个内存颗粒的大小为8个字节。每个颗粒的状态被编码在一个影子字节 +中。这8个字节可以是可访问的，部分访问的，已释放的或成为Redzone的一部分。KASAN +对每个影子字节使用以下编码:00表示对应内存区域的所有8个字节都可以访问；数字N +(1 <= N <= 7)表示前N个字节可访问，其他(8 - N)个字节不可访问；任何负值都表示 +无法访问整个8字节。KASAN使用不同的负值来区分不同类型的不可访问内存，如redzones +或已释放的内存（参见 mm/kasan/kasan.h）。 + +在上面的报告中，箭头指向影子字节 ``03`` ，表示访问的地址是部分可访问的。 + +对于基于标签的KASAN模式，报告最后的部分显示了访问地址周围的内存标签 +(参考 `实施细则`_ 章节)。 + +请注意，KASAN错误标题（如 ``slab-out-of-bounds`` 或 ``use-after-free`` ） +是尽量接近的:KASAN根据其拥有的有限信息打印出最可能的错误类型。错误的实际类型 +可能会有所不同。 + +通用KASAN还报告两个辅助调用堆栈跟踪。这些堆栈跟踪指向代码中与对象交互但不直接 +出现在错误访问堆栈跟踪中的位置。目前，这包括 call_rcu() 和排队的工作队列。 + +启动参数 +~~~~~~~~ + +KASAN受通用 ``panic_on_warn`` 命令行参数的影响。启用该功能后，KASAN在打印错误 +报告后会引起内核恐慌。 + +默认情况下，KASAN只为第一次无效内存访问打印错误报告。使用 ``kasan_multi_shot`` ， +KASAN会针对每个无效访问打印报告。这有效地禁用了KASAN报告的 ``panic_on_warn`` 。 + +基于硬件标签的KASAN模式（请参阅下面有关各种模式的部分）旨在在生产中用作安全缓解 +措施。因此，它支持允许禁用KASAN或控制其功能的引导参数。 + +- ``kasan=off`` 或 ``=on`` 控制KASAN是否启用 (默认: ``on`` )。 + +- ``kasan.mode=sync`` 或 ``=async`` 控制KASAN是否配置为同步或异步执行模式(默认: + ``sync`` )。同步模式：当标签检查错误发生时，立即检测到错误访问。异步模式： + 延迟错误访问检测。当标签检查错误发生时，信息存储在硬件中（在arm64的 + TFSR_EL1寄存器中）。内核会定期检查硬件，并且仅在这些检查期间报告标签错误。 + +- ``kasan.stacktrace=off`` 或 ``=on`` 禁用或启用alloc和free堆栈跟踪收集 + (默认: ``on`` )。 + +- ``kasan.fault=report`` 或 ``=panic`` 控制是只打印KASAN报告还是同时使内核恐慌 + (默认: ``report`` )。即使启用了 ``kasan_multi_shot`` ，也会发生内核恐慌。 + +实施细则 +-------- + +通用KASAN +~~~~~~~~~ + +软件KASAN模式使用影子内存来记录每个内存字节是否可以安全访问，并使用编译时工具 +在每次内存访问之前插入影子内存检查。 + +通用KASAN将1/8的内核内存专用于其影子内存（16TB以覆盖x86_64上的128TB），并使用 +具有比例和偏移量的直接映射将内存地址转换为其相应的影子地址。 + +这是将地址转换为其相应影子地址的函数:: + + static inline void *kasan_mem_to_shadow(const void *addr) + { + return (void *)((unsigned long)addr >> KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT) + + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET; + } + +在这里 ``KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT = 3`` 。 + +编译时工具用于插入内存访问检查。编译器在每次访问大小为1、2、4、8或16的内存之前 +插入函数调用( ``__asan_load*(addr)`` , ``__asan_store*(addr)``)。这些函数通过 +检查相应的影子内存来检查内存访问是否有效。 + +使用inline插桩，编译器不进行函数调用，而是直接插入代码来检查影子内存。此选项 +显著地增大了内核体积，但与outline插桩内核相比，它提供了x1.1-x2的性能提升。 + +通用KASAN是唯一一种通过隔离延迟重新使用已释放对象的模式 +（参见 mm/kasan/quarantine.c 以了解实现）。 + +基于软件标签的KASAN模式 +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +基于软件标签的KASAN使用软件内存标签方法来检查访问有效性。目前仅针对arm64架构实现。 + +基于软件标签的KASAN使用arm64 CPU的顶部字节忽略(TBI)特性在内核指针的顶部字节中 +存储一个指针标签。它使用影子内存来存储与每个16字节内存单元相关的内存标签(因此， +它将内核内存的1/16专用于影子内存)。 + +在每次内存分配时，基于软件标签的KASAN都会生成一个随机标签，用这个标签标记分配 +的内存，并将相同的标签嵌入到返回的指针中。 + +基于软件标签的KASAN使用编译时工具在每次内存访问之前插入检查。这些检查确保正在 +访问的内存的标签等于用于访问该内存的指针的标签。如果标签不匹配，基于软件标签 +的KASAN会打印错误报告。 + +基于软件标签的KASAN也有两种插桩模式（outline，发出回调来检查内存访问；inline， +执行内联的影子内存检查）。使用outline插桩模式，会从执行访问检查的函数打印错误 +报告。使用inline插桩，编译器会发出 ``brk`` 指令，并使用专用的 ``brk`` 处理程序 +来打印错误报告。 + +基于软件标签的KASAN使用0xFF作为匹配所有指针标签（不检查通过带有0xFF指针标签 +的指针进行的访问）。值0xFE当前保留用于标记已释放的内存区域。 + +基于软件标签的KASAN目前仅支持对Slab和page_alloc内存进行标记。 + +基于硬件标签的KASAN模式 +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +基于硬件标签的KASAN在概念上类似于软件模式，但它是使用硬件内存标签作为支持而 +不是编译器插桩和影子内存。 + +基于硬件标签的KASAN目前仅针对arm64架构实现，并且基于ARMv8.5指令集架构中引入 +的arm64内存标记扩展(MTE)和最高字节忽略(TBI)。 + +特殊的arm64指令用于为每次内存分配指定内存标签。相同的标签被指定给指向这些分配 +的指针。在每次内存访问时，硬件确保正在访问的内存的标签等于用于访问该内存的指针 +的标签。如果标签不匹配，则会生成故障并打印报告。 + +基于硬件标签的KASAN使用0xFF作为匹配所有指针标签（不检查通过带有0xFF指针标签的 +指针进行的访问）。值0xFE当前保留用于标记已释放的内存区域。 + +基于硬件标签的KASAN目前仅支持对Slab和page_alloc内存进行标记。 + +如果硬件不支持MTE（ARMv8.5之前），则不会启用基于硬件标签的KASAN。在这种情况下， +所有KASAN引导参数都将被忽略。 + +请注意，启用CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS始终会导致启用内核中的TBI。即使提供了 +``kasan.mode=off`` 或硬件不支持MTE（但支持TBI）。 + +基于硬件标签的KASAN只报告第一个发现的错误。之后，MTE标签检查将被禁用。 + +影子内存 +-------- + +内核将内存映射到地址空间的几个不同部分。内核虚拟地址的范围很大：没有足够的真实 +内存来支持内核可以访问的每个地址的真实影子区域。因此，KASAN只为地址空间的某些 +部分映射真实的影子。 + +默认行为 +~~~~~~~~ + +默认情况下，体系结构仅将实际内存映射到用于线性映射的阴影区域（以及可能的其他 +小区域）。对于所有其他区域 —— 例如vmalloc和vmemmap空间 —— 一个只读页面被映射 +到阴影区域上。这个只读的影子页面声明所有内存访问都是允许的。 + +这给模块带来了一个问题：它们不存在于线性映射中，而是存在于专用的模块空间中。 +通过连接模块分配器，KASAN临时映射真实的影子内存以覆盖它们。例如，这允许检测 +对模块全局变量的无效访问。 + +这也造成了与 ``VMAP_STACK`` 的不兼容：如果堆栈位于vmalloc空间中，它将被分配 +只读页面的影子内存，并且内核在尝试为堆栈变量设置影子数据时会出错。 + +CONFIG_KASAN_VMALLOC +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +使用 ``CONFIG_KASAN_VMALLOC`` ，KASAN可以以更大的内存使用为代价覆盖vmalloc +空间。目前，这在x86、riscv、s390和powerpc上受支持。 + +这通过连接到vmalloc和vmap并动态分配真实的影子内存来支持映射。 + +vmalloc空间中的大多数映射都很小，需要不到一整页的阴影空间。因此，为每个映射 +分配一个完整的影子页面将是一种浪费。此外，为了确保不同的映射使用不同的影子 +页面，映射必须与 ``KASAN_GRANULE_SIZE * PAGE_SIZE`` 对齐。 + +相反，KASAN跨多个映射共享后备空间。当vmalloc空间中的映射使用影子区域的特定 +页面时，它会分配一个后备页面。此页面稍后可以由其他vmalloc映射共享。 + +KASAN连接到vmap基础架构以懒清理未使用的影子内存。 + +为了避免交换映射的困难，KASAN预测覆盖vmalloc空间的阴影区域部分将不会被早期 +的阴影页面覆盖，但是将不会被映射。这将需要更改特定于arch的代码。 + +这允许在x86上支持 ``VMAP_STACK`` ，并且可以简化对没有固定模块区域的架构的支持。 + +对于开发者 +---------- + +忽略访问 +~~~~~~~~ + +软件KASAN模式使用编译器插桩来插入有效性检查。此类检测可能与内核的某些部分 +不兼容，因此需要禁用。 + +内核的其他部分可能会访问已分配对象的元数据。通常，KASAN会检测并报告此类访问， +但在某些情况下（例如，在内存分配器中），这些访问是有效的。 + +对于软件KASAN模式，要禁用特定文件或目录的检测，请将 ``KASAN_SANITIZE`` 添加 +到相应的内核Makefile中: + +- 对于单个文件(例如，main.o):: + + KASAN_SANITIZE_main.o := n + +- 对于一个目录下的所有文件:: + + KASAN_SANITIZE := n + +对于软件KASAN模式，要在每个函数的基础上禁用检测，请使用KASAN特定的 +``__no_sanitize_address`` 函数属性或通用的 ``noinstr`` 。 + +请注意，禁用编译器插桩（基于每个文件或每个函数）会使KASAN忽略在软件KASAN模式 +的代码中直接发生的访问。当访问是间接发生的（通过调用检测函数）或使用没有编译器 +插桩的基于硬件标签的模式时，它没有帮助。 + +对于软件KASAN模式，要在当前任务的一部分内核代码中禁用KASAN报告，请使用 +``kasan_disable_current()``/``kasan_enable_current()`` 部分注释这部分代码。 +这也会禁用通过函数调用发生的间接访问的报告。 + +对于基于标签的KASAN模式（包括硬件模式），要禁用访问检查，请使用 +``kasan_reset_tag()`` 或 ``page_kasan_tag_reset()`` 。请注意，通过 +``page_kasan_tag_reset()`` 临时禁用访问检查需要通过 ``page_kasan_tag`` +/ ``page_kasan_tag_set`` 保存和恢复每页KASAN标签。 + +测试 +~~~~ + +有一些KASAN测试可以验证KASAN是否正常工作并可以检测某些类型的内存损坏。 +测试由两部分组成: + +1. 与KUnit测试框架集成的测试。使用 ``CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST`` 启用。 +这些测试可以通过几种不同的方式自动运行和部分验证；请参阅下面的说明。 + +2. 与KUnit不兼容的测试。使用 ``CONFIG_KASAN_MODULE_TEST`` 启用并且只能作为模块 +运行。这些测试只能通过加载内核模块并检查内核日志以获取KASAN报告来手动验证。 + +如果检测到错误，每个KUnit兼容的KASAN测试都会打印多个KASAN报告之一，然后测试打印 +其编号和状态。 + +当测试通过:: + + ok 28 - kmalloc_double_kzfree + +当由于 ``kmalloc`` 失败而导致测试失败时:: + + # kmalloc_large_oob_right: ASSERTION FAILED at lib/test_kasan.c:163 + Expected ptr is not null, but is + not ok 4 - kmalloc_large_oob_right + +当由于缺少KASAN报告而导致测试失败时:: + + # kmalloc_double_kzfree: EXPECTATION FAILED at lib/test_kasan.c:629 + Expected kasan_data->report_expected == kasan_data->report_found, but + kasan_data->report_expected == 1 + kasan_data->report_found == 0 + not ok 28 - kmalloc_double_kzfree + +最后打印所有KASAN测试的累积状态。成功:: + + ok 1 - kasan + +或者，如果其中一项测试失败:: + + not ok 1 - kasan + +有几种方法可以运行与KUnit兼容的KASAN测试。 + +1. 可加载模块 + + 启用 ``CONFIG_KUNIT`` 后，KASAN-KUnit测试可以构建为可加载模块，并通过使用 + ``insmod`` 或 ``modprobe`` 加载 ``test_kasan.ko`` 来运行。 + +2. 内置 + + 通过内置 ``CONFIG_KUNIT`` ，也可以内置KASAN-KUnit测试。在这种情况下， + 测试将在启动时作为后期初始化调用运行。 + +3. 使用kunit_tool + + 通过内置 ``CONFIG_KUNIT`` 和 ``CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST`` ，还可以使用 + ``kunit_tool`` 以更易读的方式查看KUnit测试结果。这不会打印通过测试 + 的KASAN报告。有关 ``kunit_tool`` 更多最新信息，请参阅 + `KUnit文档 `_ 。 + +.. _KUnit: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/dev-tools/kunit/index.html -- 2.30.2 From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-17.1 required=3.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIMWL_WL_HIGH, DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS,INCLUDES_CR_TRAILER, INCLUDES_PATCH,MAILING_LIST_MULTI,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,USER_AGENT_GIT autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id BBAD3C47096 for ; Thu, 3 Jun 2021 14:12:04 +0000 (UTC) Received: from bombadil.infradead.org (bombadil.infradead.org [198.137.202.133]) (using TLSv1.2 with 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