From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 69AD0C433FE for ; Mon, 13 Dec 2021 16:54:21 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S241054AbhLMQyT (ORCPT ); Mon, 13 Dec 2021 11:54:19 -0500 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:46934 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S241044AbhLMQyS (ORCPT ); Mon, 13 Dec 2021 11:54:18 -0500 Received: from mail-pf1-x42e.google.com (mail-pf1-x42e.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::42e]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 3C6CDC061748 for ; Mon, 13 Dec 2021 08:54:18 -0800 (PST) Received: by mail-pf1-x42e.google.com with SMTP id n26so15474462pff.3 for ; Mon, 13 Dec 2021 08:54:18 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=bytedance-com.20210112.gappssmtp.com; s=20210112; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:mime-version :content-transfer-encoding; bh=gqjSN5Zf68fDFKSv1YC0dtDeC2MHBxNuGQn4JvLKQpU=; b=MYZQ1oXTn5YhzAhbHSKzhDte1Z1gE+M1dwIod9vuuytj0SAaYXmayPvGCtAhFt+ydY vRxj3wF33ym/r+p9LiXTOFqS0m5GnJtRlzwxpNiUhipl81MOB212ybfVdSgBEPtAFCrT tq1am/fBB7tLByx7qRlMh5A81fn3uUjqUQAvMuu1PRlupNZ0JaIjOTQOzx9MgJ7KEwxo h3AZnqjyQ9Jgo51C+85INnW6fxNhBVPpqdiO5wPe0ew2Z3MxgdLPlbE74BDsBdEsbXl5 JrJkFPA24BUEDd34SPBdymXyZsD4PED/EG8coHRs+ZDjszZ2jbTPeyptW8RQJJijNC4r ot7A== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20210112; h=x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:mime-version :content-transfer-encoding; bh=gqjSN5Zf68fDFKSv1YC0dtDeC2MHBxNuGQn4JvLKQpU=; b=Z4V71Uq7+uqrAdNXXQtNuLXpG8di4WeT9J29ut532wzqfJdKDvdvbbDYC9r1ACnQjQ 61S8K5fn+jc3BNxrsi4Zq5uTUMrvkmnFNRUzU+UlTTP482eHJoYMazN4ooYJ0Vlg8jDX nQEs+QpggSogdVfJKu03v9h1W0xEvwPYMIyH4eOk8uF0gFAChZGLxm9/x6FROSh5N8ER fwv9i33HV/h5WbbKa7w+482qRUA1qYKrlABhz423n69CLCRldmms8heKzFTr0Q/w6VVj hbUC299VweZDWCLb/EoOj91ZEpQm+aMPJmNRKPBBg9SMCShEY1rC8w36claiIPy2b3GC AVyg== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM5333AiD5cTOmFJ6wbU7qmGeS2XP9C1h/kYMKkL1+IvEh4paZBI9q OuXA6Ek7JjcexgoP/lwPsdj0OQ== X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJyJWKTSuYCj5LBirqVQPTSh2Tb5D3YLHBN5B9T+/njJbhxKak2vo5R7P3pqm3ctL3LFEU5kBQ== X-Received: by 2002:a63:6cc8:: with SMTP id h191mr53922737pgc.76.1639414457586; Mon, 13 Dec 2021 08:54:17 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost.localdomain ([139.177.225.254]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id n11sm10430992pgp.15.2021.12.13.08.54.08 (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Mon, 13 Dec 2021 08:54:17 -0800 (PST) From: Muchun Song To: willy@infradead.org, akpm@linux-foundation.org, hannes@cmpxchg.org, mhocko@kernel.org, vdavydov.dev@gmail.com, shakeelb@google.com, guro@fb.com, shy828301@gmail.com, alexs@kernel.org, richard.weiyang@gmail.com, david@fromorbit.com, trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com, anna.schumaker@netapp.com, jaegeuk@kernel.org, chao@kernel.org, kari.argillander@gmail.com Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org, zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com, duanxiongchun@bytedance.com, fam.zheng@bytedance.com, smuchun@gmail.com, Muchun Song Subject: [PATCH v4 00/17] Optimize list lru memory consumption Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2021 00:53:25 +0800 Message-Id: <20211213165342.74704-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.21.0 (Apple Git-122) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org This series is based on Linux 5.16-rc3. In our server, we found a suspected memory leak problem. The kmalloc-32 consumes more than 6GB of memory. Other kmem_caches consume less than 2GB memory. After our in-depth analysis, the memory consumption of kmalloc-32 slab cache is the cause of list_lru_one allocation. crash> p memcg_nr_cache_ids memcg_nr_cache_ids = $2 = 24574 memcg_nr_cache_ids is very large and memory consumption of each list_lru can be calculated with the following formula. num_numa_node * memcg_nr_cache_ids * 32 (kmalloc-32) There are 4 numa nodes in our system, so each list_lru consumes ~3MB. crash> list super_blocks | wc -l 952 Every mount will register 2 list lrus, one is for inode, another is for dentry. There are 952 super_blocks. So the total memory is 952 * 2 * 3 MB (~5.6GB). But now the number of memory cgroups is less than 500. So I guess more than 12286 memory cgroups have been created on this machine (I do not know why there are so many cgroups, it may be a user's bug or the user really want to do that). Because memcg_nr_cache_ids has not been reduced to a suitable value. It leads to waste a lot of memory. If we want to reduce memcg_nr_cache_ids, we have to *reboot* the server. This is not what we want. In order to reduce memcg_nr_cache_ids, I had posted a patchset [1] to do this. But this did not fundamentally solve the problem. We currently allocate scope for every memcg to be able to tracked on every superblock instantiated in the system, regardless of whether that superblock is even accessible to that memcg. These huge memcg counts come from container hosts where memcgs are confined to just a small subset of the total number of superblocks that instantiated at any given point in time. For these systems with huge container counts, list_lru does not need the capability of tracking every memcg on every superblock. What it comes down to is that the list_lru is only needed for a given memcg if that memcg is instatiating and freeing objects on a given list_lru. As Dave said, "Which makes me think we should be moving more towards 'add the memcg to the list_lru at the first insert' model rather than 'instantiate all at memcg init time just in case'." This patchset aims to optimize the list lru memory consumption from different aspects. I had done a easy test to show the optimization. I create 10k memory cgroups and mount 10k filesystems in the systems. We use free command to show how many memory does the systems comsumes after this operation (There are 2 numa nodes in the system). +-----------------------+------------------------+ | condition | memory consumption | +-----------------------+------------------------+ | without this patchset | 24464 MB | +-----------------------+------------------------+ | after patch 1 | 21957 MB | <--------+ +-----------------------+------------------------+ | | after patch 11 | 6895 MB | | +-----------------------+------------------------+ | | after patch 13 | 4367 MB | | +-----------------------+------------------------+ | | The more the number of nodes, the more obvious the effect---+ BTW, there was a recent discussion [2] on the same issue. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20210428094949.43579-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20210405054848.GA1077931@in.ibm.com/ This series not only optimizes the memory usage of list_lru but also simplifies the code. Changelog in v4: - Remove some code cleanup patches since they are already merged. - Collect Acked-by from Theodore. - Fix ntfs3 (Thanks Argillander). Changelog in v3: - Fix mixing advanced and normal XArray concepts (Thanks to Matthew). - Split one patch into per-filesystem patches. Changelog in v2: - Update Documentation/filesystems/porting.rst suggested by Dave. - Add a comment above alloc_inode_sb() suggested by Dave. - Rework some patch's commit log. - Add patch 18-21. Thanks Dave. Muchun Song (17): mm: list_lru: optimize memory consumption of arrays of per cgroup lists mm: introduce kmem_cache_alloc_lru fs: introduce alloc_inode_sb() to allocate filesystems specific inode fs: allocate inode by using alloc_inode_sb() f2fs: allocate inode by using alloc_inode_sb() nfs42: use a specific kmem_cache to allocate nfs4_xattr_entry mm: dcache: use kmem_cache_alloc_lru() to allocate dentry xarray: use kmem_cache_alloc_lru to allocate xa_node mm: workingset: use xas_set_lru() to pass shadow_nodes mm: memcontrol: move memcg_online_kmem() to mem_cgroup_css_online() mm: list_lru: allocate list_lru_one only when needed mm: list_lru: rename memcg_drain_all_list_lrus to memcg_reparent_list_lrus mm: list_lru: replace linear array with xarray mm: memcontrol: reuse memory cgroup ID for kmem ID mm: memcontrol: fix cannot alloc the maximum memcg ID mm: list_lru: rename list_lru_per_memcg to list_lru_memcg mm: memcontrol: rename memcg_cache_id to memcg_kmem_id Documentation/filesystems/porting.rst | 5 + block/bdev.c | 2 +- drivers/dax/super.c | 2 +- fs/9p/vfs_inode.c | 2 +- fs/adfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/affs/super.c | 2 +- fs/afs/super.c | 2 +- fs/befs/linuxvfs.c | 2 +- fs/bfs/inode.c | 2 +- fs/btrfs/inode.c | 2 +- fs/ceph/inode.c | 2 +- fs/cifs/cifsfs.c | 2 +- fs/coda/inode.c | 2 +- fs/dcache.c | 3 +- fs/ecryptfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/efs/super.c | 2 +- fs/erofs/super.c | 2 +- fs/exfat/super.c | 2 +- fs/ext2/super.c | 2 +- fs/ext4/super.c | 2 +- fs/f2fs/super.c | 8 +- fs/fat/inode.c | 2 +- fs/freevxfs/vxfs_super.c | 2 +- fs/fuse/inode.c | 2 +- fs/gfs2/super.c | 2 +- fs/hfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/hfsplus/super.c | 2 +- fs/hostfs/hostfs_kern.c | 2 +- fs/hpfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c | 2 +- fs/inode.c | 2 +- fs/isofs/inode.c | 2 +- fs/jffs2/super.c | 2 +- fs/jfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/minix/inode.c | 2 +- fs/nfs/inode.c | 2 +- fs/nfs/nfs42xattr.c | 95 ++++---- fs/nilfs2/super.c | 2 +- fs/ntfs/inode.c | 2 +- fs/ntfs3/super.c | 2 +- fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c | 2 +- fs/ocfs2/super.c | 2 +- fs/openpromfs/inode.c | 2 +- fs/orangefs/super.c | 2 +- fs/overlayfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/proc/inode.c | 2 +- fs/qnx4/inode.c | 2 +- fs/qnx6/inode.c | 2 +- fs/reiserfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/romfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/squashfs/super.c | 2 +- fs/sysv/inode.c | 2 +- fs/ubifs/super.c | 2 +- fs/udf/super.c | 2 +- fs/ufs/super.c | 2 +- fs/vboxsf/super.c | 2 +- fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c | 2 +- fs/zonefs/super.c | 2 +- include/linux/fs.h | 11 + include/linux/list_lru.h | 17 +- include/linux/memcontrol.h | 42 ++-- include/linux/slab.h | 3 + include/linux/swap.h | 5 +- include/linux/xarray.h | 9 +- ipc/mqueue.c | 2 +- lib/xarray.c | 10 +- mm/list_lru.c | 423 ++++++++++++++++------------------ mm/memcontrol.c | 164 +++---------- mm/shmem.c | 2 +- mm/slab.c | 39 +++- mm/slab.h | 25 +- mm/slob.c | 6 + mm/slub.c | 42 ++-- mm/workingset.c | 2 +- net/socket.c | 2 +- net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c | 2 +- 76 files changed, 486 insertions(+), 539 deletions(-) -- 2.11.0