All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
To: x86@kernel.org, "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-arch@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-api@vger.kernel.org, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
	Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>,
	Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>,
	Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
	Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>,
	Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
	Eugene Syromiatnikov <esyr@redhat.com>,
	Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>,
	"H . J . Lu" <hjl.tools@gmail.com>, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
	Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>,
	Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>,
	Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>,
	Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>,
	Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>, Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
	Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>,
	Weijiang Yang <weijiang.yang@intel.com>,
	"Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>,
	John Allen <john.allen@amd.com>,
	kcc@google.com, eranian@google.com, rppt@kernel.org,
	jamorris@linux.microsoft.com, dethoma@microsoft.com,
	akpm@linux-foundation.org, Andrew.Cooper3@citrix.com,
	christina.schimpe@intel.com, david@redhat.com,
	debug@rivosinc.com
Cc: rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com
Subject: [PATCH v7 28/41] x86: Introduce userspace API for shadow stack
Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2023 14:29:44 -0800	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20230227222957.24501-29-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20230227222957.24501-1-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>

From: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>

Add three new arch_prctl() handles:

 - ARCH_SHSTK_ENABLE/DISABLE enables or disables the specified
   feature. Returns 0 on success or an error.

 - ARCH_SHSTK_LOCK prevents future disabling or enabling of the
   specified feature. Returns 0 on success or an error

The features are handled per-thread and inherited over fork(2)/clone(2),
but reset on exec().

This is preparation patch. It does not implement any features.

Tested-by: Pengfei Xu <pengfei.xu@intel.com>
Tested-by: John Allen <john.allen@amd.com>
Tested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
[tweaked with feedback from tglx]
Co-developed-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>

---
v4:
 - Remove references to CET and replace with shadow stack (Peterz)

v3:
 - Move shstk.c Makefile changes earlier (Kees)
 - Add #ifdef around features_locked and features (Kees)
 - Encapsulate features reset earlier in reset_thread_features() so
   features and features_locked are not referenced in code that would be
   compiled !CONFIG_X86_USER_SHADOW_STACK. (Kees)
 - Fix typo in commit log (Kees)
 - Switch arch_prctl() numbers to avoid conflict with LAM

v2:
 - Only allow one enable/disable per call (tglx)
 - Return error code like a normal arch_prctl() (Alexander Potapenko)
 - Make CET only (tglx)
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h  |  6 +++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h      | 21 +++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h |  6 +++++
 arch/x86/kernel/Makefile          |  2 ++
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c      |  7 ++++-
 arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c           | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
index 8d73004e4cac..bd16e012b3e9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ struct vm86;
 #include <asm/unwind_hints.h>
 #include <asm/vmxfeatures.h>
 #include <asm/vdso/processor.h>
+#include <asm/shstk.h>
 
 #include <linux/personality.h>
 #include <linux/cache.h>
@@ -475,6 +476,11 @@ struct thread_struct {
 	 */
 	u32			pkru;
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_USER_SHADOW_STACK
+	unsigned long		features;
+	unsigned long		features_locked;
+#endif
+
 	/* Floating point and extended processor state */
 	struct fpu		fpu;
 	/*
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ec753809f074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/shstk.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef _ASM_X86_SHSTK_H
+#define _ASM_X86_SHSTK_H
+
+#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+struct task_struct;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_USER_SHADOW_STACK
+long shstk_prctl(struct task_struct *task, int option, unsigned long features);
+void reset_thread_features(void);
+#else
+static inline long shstk_prctl(struct task_struct *task, int option,
+			       unsigned long arg2) { return -EINVAL; }
+static inline void reset_thread_features(void) {}
+#endif /* CONFIG_X86_USER_SHADOW_STACK */
+
+#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+
+#endif /* _ASM_X86_SHSTK_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h
index 500b96e71f18..b2b3b7200b2d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h
@@ -20,4 +20,10 @@
 #define ARCH_MAP_VDSO_32		0x2002
 #define ARCH_MAP_VDSO_64		0x2003
 
+/* Don't use 0x3001-0x3004 because of old glibcs */
+
+#define ARCH_SHSTK_ENABLE		0x5001
+#define ARCH_SHSTK_DISABLE		0x5002
+#define ARCH_SHSTK_LOCK			0x5003
+
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_PRCTL_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
index 92446f1dedd7..b366641703e3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_CALL_THUNKS)		+= callthunks.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_X86_CET)			+= cet.o
 
+obj-$(CONFIG_X86_USER_SHADOW_STACK)	+= shstk.o
+
 ###
 # 64 bit specific files
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_X86_64),y)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
index 4e34b3b68ebd..71094c8a305f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
@@ -514,6 +514,8 @@ start_thread_common(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long new_ip,
 		load_gs_index(__USER_DS);
 	}
 
+	reset_thread_features();
+
 	loadsegment(fs, 0);
 	loadsegment(es, _ds);
 	loadsegment(ds, _ds);
@@ -830,7 +832,10 @@ long do_arch_prctl_64(struct task_struct *task, int option, unsigned long arg2)
 	case ARCH_MAP_VDSO_64:
 		return prctl_map_vdso(&vdso_image_64, arg2);
 #endif
-
+	case ARCH_SHSTK_ENABLE:
+	case ARCH_SHSTK_DISABLE:
+	case ARCH_SHSTK_LOCK:
+		return shstk_prctl(task, option, arg2);
 	default:
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 		break;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c b/arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..41ed6552e0a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/shstk.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * shstk.c - Intel shadow stack support
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, Intel Corporation.
+ * Yu-cheng Yu <yu-cheng.yu@intel.com>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <asm/prctl.h>
+
+void reset_thread_features(void)
+{
+	current->thread.features = 0;
+	current->thread.features_locked = 0;
+}
+
+long shstk_prctl(struct task_struct *task, int option, unsigned long features)
+{
+	if (option == ARCH_SHSTK_LOCK) {
+		task->thread.features_locked |= features;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Don't allow via ptrace */
+	if (task != current)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Do not allow to change locked features */
+	if (features & task->thread.features_locked)
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	/* Only support enabling/disabling one feature at a time. */
+	if (hweight_long(features) > 1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (option == ARCH_SHSTK_DISABLE) {
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Handle ARCH_SHSTK_ENABLE */
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
-- 
2.17.1


  parent reply	other threads:[~2023-02-27 22:34 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 184+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2023-02-27 22:29 [PATCH v7 00/41] Shadow stacks for userspace Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 01/41] Documentation/x86: Add CET shadow stack description Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-01 14:21   ` Szabolcs Nagy
2023-03-01 14:38     ` Szabolcs Nagy
2023-03-01 18:07     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-01 18:32       ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-02 16:34         ` szabolcs.nagy
2023-03-03 22:35           ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-06 16:20             ` szabolcs.nagy
2023-03-06 16:31               ` Florian Weimer
2023-03-06 18:08                 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-07 13:03                   ` szabolcs.nagy
2023-03-07 14:00                     ` Florian Weimer
2023-03-07 16:14                       ` Szabolcs Nagy
2023-03-06 18:05               ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-06 20:31                 ` Liang, Kan
2023-03-02 16:14       ` szabolcs.nagy
2023-03-02 21:17         ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-03 16:30           ` szabolcs.nagy
2023-03-03 16:57             ` H.J. Lu
2023-03-03 17:39               ` szabolcs.nagy
2023-03-03 17:50                 ` H.J. Lu
2023-03-03 17:41             ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 02/41] x86/shstk: Add Kconfig option for shadow stack Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 03/41] x86/cpufeatures: Add CPU feature flags for shadow stacks Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 04/41] x86/cpufeatures: Enable CET CR4 bit for shadow stack Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 05/41] x86/fpu/xstate: Introduce CET MSR and XSAVES supervisor states Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 06/41] x86/fpu: Add helper for modifying xstate Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 07/41] x86: Move control protection handler to separate file Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-01 15:38   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 08/41] x86/shstk: Add user control-protection fault handler Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-01 18:06   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-01 18:14     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-01 18:37       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 09/41] x86/mm: Remove _PAGE_DIRTY from kernel RO pages Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 10/41] x86/mm: Move pmd_write(), pud_write() up in the file Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 11/41] mm: Introduce pte_mkwrite_kernel() Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29   ` Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 12/41] s390/mm: Introduce pmd_mkwrite_kernel() Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 13/41] mm: Make pte_mkwrite() take a VMA Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29   ` Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29   ` Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29   ` Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29   ` Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29   ` Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29   ` Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-01  7:03   ` Christophe Leroy
2023-03-01  7:03     ` Christophe Leroy
2023-03-01  7:03     ` Christophe Leroy
2023-03-01  7:03     ` Christophe Leroy
2023-03-01  7:03     ` Christophe Leroy
2023-03-01  7:03     ` Christophe Leroy
2023-03-01  7:03     ` Christophe Leroy
2023-03-01  8:16     ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-01  8:16       ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-01  8:16       ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-01  8:16       ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-01  8:16       ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-01  8:16       ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-01  8:16       ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-02 12:19   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-02 12:19     ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-02 12:19     ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-02 12:19     ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-02 12:19     ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-02 12:19     ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-02 12:19     ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 14/41] x86/mm: Introduce _PAGE_SAVED_DIRTY Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-02 12:48   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-02 17:01     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 15/41] x86/mm: Update ptep/pmdp_set_wrprotect() for _PAGE_SAVED_DIRTY Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 16/41] x86/mm: Start actually marking _PAGE_SAVED_DIRTY Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 17/41] mm: Move VM_UFFD_MINOR_BIT from 37 to 38 Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 18/41] mm: Introduce VM_SHADOW_STACK for shadow stack memory Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 19/41] x86/mm: Check shadow stack page fault errors Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-03 14:00   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-03 14:39     ` Dave Hansen
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 20/41] x86/mm: Teach pte_mkwrite() about stack memory Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-03 15:37   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 21/41] mm: Add guard pages around a shadow stack Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-06  8:08   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-07  1:29     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-07 10:32       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-07 10:44         ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-08 22:48           ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-17 17:09   ` Deepak Gupta
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 22/41] mm/mmap: Add shadow stack pages to memory accounting Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-06 13:01   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-06 18:11     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-06 18:16       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-07 10:42   ` David Hildenbrand
2023-03-17 17:12   ` Deepak Gupta
2023-03-17 17:16     ` Dave Hansen
2023-03-17 17:28       ` Deepak Gupta
2023-03-17 17:42         ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-17 19:26           ` Deepak Gupta
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 23/41] mm: Re-introduce vm_flags to do_mmap() Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 24/41] mm: Don't allow write GUPs to shadow stack memory Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-06 13:10   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-06 18:15     ` Andy Lutomirski
2023-03-06 18:33       ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-06 18:57         ` Andy Lutomirski
2023-03-07  1:47           ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-17 17:05   ` Deepak Gupta
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 25/41] x86/mm: Introduce MAP_ABOVE4G Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-06 18:09   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-07  1:10     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 26/41] mm: Warn on shadow stack memory in wrong vma Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-08  8:53   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-08 23:36     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 27/41] x86/mm: Warn if create Write=0,Dirty=1 with raw prot Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:54   ` Kees Cook
2023-03-08  9:23   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-08 23:35     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` Rick Edgecombe [this message]
2023-03-08 10:27   ` [PATCH v7 28/41] x86: Introduce userspace API for shadow stack Borislav Petkov
2023-03-08 23:32     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-09 12:57       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-09 16:56         ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-09 23:51           ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-10  1:13             ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-10  2:03               ` H.J. Lu
2023-03-10 20:00                 ` H.J. Lu
2023-03-10 20:27                   ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-10 20:43                     ` H.J. Lu
2023-03-10 21:01                       ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-10 11:40               ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 29/41] x86/shstk: Add user-mode shadow stack support Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 30/41] x86/shstk: Handle thread shadow stack Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-02 17:34   ` Szabolcs Nagy
2023-03-02 21:48     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-08 15:26   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-08 20:03     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-09 14:12       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-09 16:59         ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-09 17:04           ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-09 20:29             ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 31/41] x86/shstk: Introduce routines modifying shstk Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-09 16:48   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-09 17:03     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-09 17:22       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 32/41] x86/shstk: Handle signals for shadow stack Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-09 17:02   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-09 17:16     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-09 23:35       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 33/41] x86/shstk: Introduce map_shadow_stack syscall Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-02 17:22   ` Szabolcs Nagy
2023-03-02 21:21     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-09 18:55     ` Deepak Gupta
2023-03-09 19:39       ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-09 21:08         ` Deepak Gupta
2023-03-10  0:14           ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-10 21:00             ` Deepak Gupta
2023-03-10 21:43               ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-16 20:07                 ` Deepak Gupta
2023-03-14  7:19       ` Mike Rapoport
2023-03-16 19:30         ` Deepak Gupta
2023-03-20 11:35           ` Szabolcs Nagy
2023-03-10 16:11   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-10 17:12     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-10 20:05       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-10 20:19         ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-10 20:26           ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 34/41] x86/shstk: Support WRSS for userspace Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-10 16:44   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-10 17:16     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 35/41] x86: Expose thread features in /proc/$PID/status Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 36/41] x86/shstk: Wire in shadow stack interface Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 37/41] selftests/x86: Add shadow stack test Rick Edgecombe
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 38/41] x86/fpu: Add helper for initing features Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-11 12:54   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-13  2:45     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-13 11:03       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-13 16:10         ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-13 17:10           ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-13 23:31             ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 39/41] x86: Add PTRACE interface for shadow stack Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-11 15:06   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-13  2:53     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 40/41] x86/shstk: Add ARCH_SHSTK_UNLOCK Rick Edgecombe
2023-03-11 15:11   ` Borislav Petkov
2023-03-13  3:04     ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2023-03-13 11:05       ` Borislav Petkov
2023-02-27 22:29 ` [PATCH v7 41/41] x86/shstk: Add ARCH_SHSTK_STATUS Rick Edgecombe

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20230227222957.24501-29-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com \
    --to=rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com \
    --cc=Andrew.Cooper3@citrix.com \
    --cc=akpm@linux-foundation.org \
    --cc=arnd@arndb.de \
    --cc=bp@alien8.de \
    --cc=bsingharora@gmail.com \
    --cc=christina.schimpe@intel.com \
    --cc=corbet@lwn.net \
    --cc=dave.hansen@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=david@redhat.com \
    --cc=debug@rivosinc.com \
    --cc=dethoma@microsoft.com \
    --cc=eranian@google.com \
    --cc=esyr@redhat.com \
    --cc=fweimer@redhat.com \
    --cc=gorcunov@gmail.com \
    --cc=hjl.tools@gmail.com \
    --cc=hpa@zytor.com \
    --cc=jamorris@linux.microsoft.com \
    --cc=jannh@google.com \
    --cc=john.allen@amd.com \
    --cc=kcc@google.com \
    --cc=keescook@chromium.org \
    --cc=kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=linux-api@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-arch@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-doc@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
    --cc=luto@kernel.org \
    --cc=mike.kravetz@oracle.com \
    --cc=mingo@redhat.com \
    --cc=nadav.amit@gmail.com \
    --cc=oleg@redhat.com \
    --cc=pavel@ucw.cz \
    --cc=peterz@infradead.org \
    --cc=rdunlap@infradead.org \
    --cc=rppt@kernel.org \
    --cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
    --cc=weijiang.yang@intel.com \
    --cc=x86@kernel.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.