From mboxrd@z Thu Jan  1 00:00:00 1970
From: Frank Kotler <fbkotler@comcast.net>
Subject: Re: please help me
Date: Tue, 09 May 2006 12:17:31 -0400
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Hi Tuha,

> Coming on with my bootin :)

Good!

> I install my interrupt handler at the vector 0x21.
> But I cannot reach the interrupt handler.

Another segment:offset mismatch, I think. The label "interrupt_handler" 
is calculated as the offset into the file, plus any ".org" we specify - 
none, in this case. This is correct with respect to BOOTSEG, 0x7C0. 
07C0:00xx will hit code or data in our bootsector... but %cs is still 
whatever bios set it - almost certainly zero. (there are rumors of 
biosen that jump to 07C0:0000 - extremely rare, if it exists at all) You 
want the address in the IVT to be 07C0:00xx or 0000:7Cxx - 0000:00xx 
won't work.

> The led of floppy drive lights up
> forever. It should be turned off when bios has loaded the boot sector into
> RAM!!?

I don't know about this one. I've seen code that turns off the floppy 
motor - via ports on the floppy controller - pretty much "first thing". 
I *thought* that would only be necessary if we had interrupts 
disabled... as we would when entering protected mode, or sometimes when 
altering %ss:%sp. The fact that your code jumps off into lala-land 
attempting the int 21h may be causing it. I'd try to get that fixed 
first, and tackle this if it's still a problem.

> Here is the piece of code.
> 
> .code16
> .section .text
> .globl _start
> _start:
> 	movw	$STACK_SEGMENT, %sp
> 	movw	%sp, %ss
> 	movw	$STACK_SIZE, %sp

A STACK_SIZE of 0xffff is going to mis-align your stack, so all stack 
access will be slow! If you want to use the entire segment, zero is a 
perfectly good initial %sp - it will be decremented, and the first 
(word) push will go at 0xfffe.

I mentioned that sometimes we cli/sti around altering %ss:%sp... I don't 
think it's really necessary these days - non-buggy CPUs disable 
interrupts for one instruction after a load of %ss anyway. Altering %sp 
first, then %ss, then %ss again might be "dangerous", I'm not sure. 
It'll work most of the time anyway - the odds of an interrupt occuring 
in the middle of this are small - but I suppose you'd like it to work 
*all* the time...

> 	pushw	$BOOTSEG
> 	popw	%ds
> 	pushw	$SCREEN_SEGMENT
> 	popw	%es
> 
> #Blank screen
> 	call 	clearScreen
> 
> #Say hello
> 	movw	$MESSAGE_POS, cursor_pos
> 	call 	printString
> 
> #install interrupt handler
> 	pushw	%ds
> 	pushw	$0
> 	popw	%ds
> 	movw    $interrupt_handler, %ds:(4 * 0x21)
> 	movw    %cs, %ds:(4 * 0x21 + 2)

Try "$BOOTSEG" here instead of %cs - I *think* that's the problem.

> 	popw	%ds
> 
> 
> #test interrupt hander
> 	int	$0x21
> 
> 
> die:	jmp	die
> 
> #
> # Functions 
> #
> 
> .type   clearScreen, @function
> clearScreen:
> 	movb	$SCREEN_COLS, %al
> 	movb	$SCREEN_ROWS, %bl
> 	mulb	%bl
> 	movw	%ax, %cx
>         movb    screen_color, %ah
>         movb    $0, %al
> 	xorw 	%di, %di
> 	rep
> 	stosw		#Write ax to to screen and decrement cx, until cx
> equals 0
> 	movw	$0, cursor_pos
> 	ret
> 
> 
> .type   printString, @function
> printString:
> 	movb	message_color, %ah
> 	movw	$MESSAGE_SIZE, %cx
> 	movw	$welcomeMessage, %si
> 	movw	cursor_pos, %di
> loop0:
> 	lodsb		#load byte from string
> 	stosw		#store byte and color on screen
> 	loop 	loop0	#decrement cx, jump to loop0 if cx > 0
> 	movw	%di,  cursor_pos
> 	call	newline

???

> 	ret
> 
> 
> #
> #interupt handlers
> #
> 
> interrupt_handler:
> 	pusha
> 
>         movb    screen_color, %ah
>         movw    $MESSAGE_SIZE, %cx
>         movw    $welcomeMessage, %si
>         movw    cursor_pos, %di
> loop1:
>         lodsb           #load byte from string
>         stosw           #store byte and color on screen
>         loop    loop1   #decrement cx, jump to loop0 if cx > 0
>         movw    %di,  cursor_pos
> 
> 	popa
> 	iret
> 
> 
> #.section .data
> welcomeMessage: .ascii "Hey! my boot loader."
> MESSAGE_SIZE	= . - welcomeMessage
> screen_color:   .byte 0x07      # White on black
> message_color:  .byte 0x03	# cyan on black     
> cursor_pos:     .word 0x0
> 
> 
> .org 510
> boot_flag:      .word 0xAA55
>  
> 
> #constants
> .equ MESSAGE_POS       , 860		#offset 30 at line 5.
> .equ STACK_SEGMENT     , 0x9000      # Top of conventional memory
> .equ STACK_SIZE        , 0xffff      # 64K - 1 bytes of stack
> .equ SCREEN_SEGMENT    , 0xb800
> .equ SCREEN_COLS       , 80
> .equ SCREEN_ROWS       , 25
> .equ BOOTSEG           , 0x07C0                /* original address of
> boot-sector */
> 
> Thanks in advance,

Hope it helped. I haven't tested your code - what's the command-line to 
as? "-oformat=binary"? (I'm a Nasm user). I'm cc'ing this to the list 
(if you just hit "reply", it goes only to sender - you gotta "reply all" 
to have it go to the list. PITA!), in case someone can correct any 
errors. Hope that's what you intended. (If not... too late! :)

Best,
Frank