From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-19.7 required=3.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIMWL_WL_HIGH, DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,INCLUDES_CR_TRAILER,INCLUDES_PATCH, MAILING_LIST_MULTI,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,USER_AGENT_GIT autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7715DC433ED for ; Mon, 10 May 2021 10:41:49 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 482D761A30 for ; Mon, 10 May 2021 10:41:49 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S231844AbhEJKmw (ORCPT ); Mon, 10 May 2021 06:42:52 -0400 Received: from mail.kernel.org ([198.145.29.99]:40468 "EHLO mail.kernel.org" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S232723AbhEJKfC (ORCPT ); Mon, 10 May 2021 06:35:02 -0400 Received: by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 9268F6162C; Mon, 10 May 2021 10:28:12 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1620642492; bh=Jr32Em6/L3P6Xd7P62C+N9WlG+AenS41r32uNCvD1N4=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=Ap8OFiDvXZp5SnBRAQIDS2BlWpwo+dVYEi6B8nd7lorjEpjA8iy2DcgXo+7uoKS44 qy4PzcOz8rce9XI9qqP7WfM3Lo3i/NVfA1QccJsyZNUoYfyPffxfm4le8He/Te60BK hvTX3n/2a5iqm4d7okebAXvhR3GfSIXWlC191c1YFtQXCSMYE4PrCMqqYpy1tZvHdJ 8U2lkN3mDVNotVqzwZ5pTiJ8eu0EEo/qc8AtoQ2yusz8oh4OZIDDUabS1Intvh+49k Fcko9q2x3/Hdpbi/SD8cQkzu2I9YlCxjBMF+LGwz76KTYLzzgdB4ylpNOxTyb21NpN w/up5r2E9xLWA== Received: by mail.kernel.org with local (Exim 4.94.2) (envelope-from ) id 1lg38z-000UY3-CT; Mon, 10 May 2021 12:28:09 +0200 From: Mauro Carvalho Chehab To: Linux Doc Mailing List Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab , "Jonathan Corbet" , =?UTF-8?q?N=C3=ADcolas=20F=2E=20R=2E=20A=2E=20Prado?= , Jaroslav Kysela , Julia Lawall , Takashi Iwai , alsa-devel@alsa-project.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH 45/53] docs: sound: kernel-api: writing-an-alsa-driver.rst: avoid using UTF-8 chars Date: Mon, 10 May 2021 12:26:57 +0200 Message-Id: <8ac9e0ecd6e3b89c4a213f2d33de6344122401a3.1620641727.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.30.2 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Sender: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org While UTF-8 characters can be used at the Linux documentation, the best is to use them only when ASCII doesn't offer a good replacement. So, replace the occurences of the following UTF-8 characters: - U+00a0 (' '): NO-BREAK SPACE - U+201c ('“'): LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK - U+201d ('”'): RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab --- .../kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst | 68 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst b/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst index e6365836fa8b..201ced3bba6e 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst +++ b/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ Management of Cards and Components Card Instance ------------- -For each soundcard, a “card” record must be allocated. +For each soundcard, a "card" record must be allocated. A card record is the headquarters of the soundcard. It manages the whole list of devices (components) on the soundcard, such as PCM, mixers, @@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ The role of destructor is simple: disable the hardware (if already activated) and release the resources. So far, we have no hardware part, so the disabling code is not written here. -To release the resources, the “check-and-release” method is a safer way. +To release the resources, the "check-and-release" method is a safer way. For the interrupt, do like this: :: @@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ record: The ``probe`` and ``remove`` functions have already been defined in the previous sections. The ``name`` field is the name string of this -device. Note that you must not use a slash “/” in this string. +device. Note that you must not use a slash "/" in this string. And at last, the module entries: @@ -1692,8 +1692,8 @@ Typically, you'll have a hardware descriptor as below: The other possible flags are ``SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE`` and ``SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME``. The ``PAUSE`` bit means that the pcm - supports the “pause” operation, while the ``RESUME`` bit means that - the pcm supports the full “suspend/resume” operation. If the + supports the "pause" operation, while the ``RESUME`` bit means that + the pcm supports the full "suspend/resume" operation. If the ``PAUSE`` flag is set, the ``trigger`` callback below must handle the corresponding (pause push/release) commands. The suspend/resume trigger commands can be defined even without the ``RESUME`` @@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ Typically, you'll have a hardware descriptor as below: ``periods_min`` define the maximum and minimum number of periods in the buffer. - The “period” is a term that corresponds to a fragment in the OSS + The "period" is a term that corresponds to a fragment in the OSS world. The period defines the size at which a PCM interrupt is generated. This size strongly depends on the hardware. Generally, the smaller period size will give you more interrupts, that is, @@ -1756,7 +1756,7 @@ application. This field contains the enum value ``SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_XXX``. One thing to be noted is that the configured buffer and period sizes -are stored in “frames” in the runtime. In the ALSA world, ``1 frame = +are stored in "frames" in the runtime. In the ALSA world, ``1 frame = channels \* samples-size``. For conversion between frames and bytes, you can use the :c:func:`frames_to_bytes()` and :c:func:`bytes_to_frames()` helper functions. @@ -1999,7 +1999,7 @@ prepare callback static int snd_xxx_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream); -This callback is called when the pcm is “prepared”. You can set the +This callback is called when the pcm is "prepared". You can set the format type, sample rate, etc. here. The difference from ``hw_params`` is that the ``prepare`` callback will be called each time :c:func:`snd_pcm_prepare()` is called, i.e. when recovering after @@ -2436,8 +2436,8 @@ size is aligned with the period size. The hw constraint is a very much powerful mechanism to define the preferred PCM configuration, and there are relevant helpers. -I won't give more details here, rather I would like to say, “Luke, use -the source.” +I won't give more details here, rather I would like to say, "Luke, use +the source." Control Interface ================= @@ -2518,50 +2518,50 @@ Control Names ------------- There are some standards to define the control names. A control is -usually defined from the three parts as “SOURCE DIRECTION FUNCTION”. +usually defined from the three parts as "SOURCE DIRECTION FUNCTION". The first, ``SOURCE``, specifies the source of the control, and is a -string such as “Master”, “PCM”, “CD” and “Line”. There are many +string such as "Master", "PCM", "CD" and "Line". There are many pre-defined sources. The second, ``DIRECTION``, is one of the following strings according to -the direction of the control: “Playback”, “Capture”, “Bypass Playback” -and “Bypass Capture”. Or, it can be omitted, meaning both playback and +the direction of the control: "Playback", "Capture", "Bypass Playback" +and "Bypass Capture". Or, it can be omitted, meaning both playback and capture directions. The third, ``FUNCTION``, is one of the following strings according to -the function of the control: “Switch”, “Volume” and “Route”. +the function of the control: "Switch", "Volume" and "Route". -The example of control names are, thus, “Master Capture Switch” or “PCM -Playback Volume”. +The example of control names are, thus, "Master Capture Switch" or "PCM +Playback Volume". There are some exceptions: Global capture and playback ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -“Capture Source”, “Capture Switch” and “Capture Volume” are used for the -global capture (input) source, switch and volume. Similarly, “Playback -Switch” and “Playback Volume” are used for the global output gain switch +"Capture Source", "Capture Switch" and "Capture Volume" are used for the +global capture (input) source, switch and volume. Similarly, "Playback +Switch" and "Playback Volume" are used for the global output gain switch and volume. Tone-controls ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -tone-control switch and volumes are specified like “Tone Control - XXX”, -e.g. “Tone Control - Switch”, “Tone Control - Bass”, “Tone Control - -Center”. +tone-control switch and volumes are specified like "Tone Control - XXX", +e.g. "Tone Control - Switch", "Tone Control - Bass", "Tone Control - +Center". 3D controls ~~~~~~~~~~~ -3D-control switches and volumes are specified like “3D Control - XXX”, -e.g. “3D Control - Switch”, “3D Control - Center”, “3D Control - Space”. +3D-control switches and volumes are specified like "3D Control - XXX", +e.g. "3D Control - Switch", "3D Control - Center", "3D Control - Space". Mic boost ~~~~~~~~~ -Mic-boost switch is set as “Mic Boost” or “Mic Boost (6dB)”. +Mic-boost switch is set as "Mic Boost" or "Mic Boost (6dB)". More precise information can be found in ``Documentation/sound/designs/control-names.rst``. @@ -3368,7 +3368,7 @@ This ensures that the device can be closed and the driver unloaded without losing data. This callback is optional. If you do not set ``drain`` in the struct -snd_rawmidi_ops structure, ALSA will simply wait for 50 milliseconds +snd_rawmidi_ops structure, ALSA will simply wait for 50 milliseconds instead. Miscellaneous Devices @@ -3506,20 +3506,20 @@ fixed as 4 bytes array (value.iec958.status[x]). For the ``info`` callback, you don't specify the value field for this type (the count field must be set, though). -“IEC958 Playback Con Mask” is used to return the bit-mask for the IEC958 -status bits of consumer mode. Similarly, “IEC958 Playback Pro Mask” +"IEC958 Playback Con Mask" is used to return the bit-mask for the IEC958 +status bits of consumer mode. Similarly, "IEC958 Playback Pro Mask" returns the bitmask for professional mode. They are read-only controls, and are defined as MIXER controls (iface = ``SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER``). -Meanwhile, “IEC958 Playback Default” control is defined for getting and +Meanwhile, "IEC958 Playback Default" control is defined for getting and setting the current default IEC958 bits. Note that this one is usually defined as a PCM control (iface = ``SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM``), although in some places it's defined as a MIXER control. In addition, you can define the control switches to enable/disable or to set the raw bit mode. The implementation will depend on the chip, but -the control should be named as “IEC958 xxx”, preferably using the +the control should be named as "IEC958 xxx", preferably using the :c:func:`SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958()` macro. You can find several cases, for example, ``pci/emu10k1``, @@ -3547,7 +3547,7 @@ function. Usually, ALSA drivers try to allocate and reserve a large contiguous physical space at the time the module is loaded for the later use. This -is called “pre-allocation”. As already written, you can call the +is called "pre-allocation". As already written, you can call the following function at pcm instance construction time (in the case of PCI bus). @@ -4163,7 +4163,7 @@ The typical coding would be like below: Also, don't forget to define the module description and the license. Especially, the recent modprobe requires to define the -module license as GPL, etc., otherwise the system is shown as “tainted”. +module license as GPL, etc., otherwise the system is shown as "tainted". :: @@ -4181,7 +4181,7 @@ So far, you've learned how to write the driver codes. And you might have a question now: how to put my own driver into the ALSA driver tree? Here (finally :) the standard procedure is described briefly. -Suppose that you create a new PCI driver for the card “xyz”. The card +Suppose that you create a new PCI driver for the card "xyz". The card module name would be snd-xyz. The new driver is usually put into the alsa-driver tree, ``sound/pci`` directory in the case of PCI cards. -- 2.30.2 From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-17.0 required=3.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID,INCLUDES_CR_TRAILER,INCLUDES_PATCH,MAILING_LIST_MULTI, SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,USER_AGENT_GIT autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id CC675C433B4 for ; Mon, 10 May 2021 10:29:58 +0000 (UTC) Received: from alsa0.perex.cz (alsa0.perex.cz [77.48.224.243]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 5A4A561960 for ; Mon, 10 May 2021 10:29:57 +0000 (UTC) DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.3.2 mail.kernel.org 5A4A561960 Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=fail (p=none dis=none) header.from=kernel.org Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=alsa-devel-bounces@alsa-project.org Received: from alsa1.perex.cz (alsa1.perex.cz [207.180.221.201]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AECDH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by alsa0.perex.cz (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 8000816AC; Mon, 10 May 2021 12:29:05 +0200 (CEST) DKIM-Filter: OpenDKIM Filter v2.11.0 alsa0.perex.cz 8000816AC DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=alsa-project.org; s=default; t=1620642595; bh=Jr32Em6/L3P6Xd7P62C+N9WlG+AenS41r32uNCvD1N4=; h=From:To:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:Cc:List-Id: List-Unsubscribe:List-Archive:List-Post:List-Help:List-Subscribe: From; b=pyrfCuXc4IFvdVezv4ESCd+SbJ95BTurzzCL4ZLd+ASjJJbUEpLhjdB3QG+nQdEOA kjQO5/ZTVVJR8Ofxsny3ITgeoL/0+Va2yl0UI1bCelWu3yw9E6I1JPmEHpO3KAWiEJ jZjGgDgmruZxZ0/3o0iQPAy7u3tvkNsuhNxP0CG0= Received: from alsa1.perex.cz (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by alsa1.perex.cz (Postfix) with ESMTP id 19E6FF8026F; Mon, 10 May 2021 12:28:19 +0200 (CEST) Received: by alsa1.perex.cz (Postfix, from userid 50401) id 1D480F80272; Mon, 10 May 2021 12:28:18 +0200 (CEST) Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AECDH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by alsa1.perex.cz (Postfix) with ESMTPS id EF49FF80240 for ; Mon, 10 May 2021 12:28:14 +0200 (CEST) DKIM-Filter: OpenDKIM Filter v2.11.0 alsa1.perex.cz EF49FF80240 Authentication-Results: alsa1.perex.cz; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.b="Ap8OFiDv" Received: by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 9268F6162C; Mon, 10 May 2021 10:28:12 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1620642492; bh=Jr32Em6/L3P6Xd7P62C+N9WlG+AenS41r32uNCvD1N4=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=Ap8OFiDvXZp5SnBRAQIDS2BlWpwo+dVYEi6B8nd7lorjEpjA8iy2DcgXo+7uoKS44 qy4PzcOz8rce9XI9qqP7WfM3Lo3i/NVfA1QccJsyZNUoYfyPffxfm4le8He/Te60BK hvTX3n/2a5iqm4d7okebAXvhR3GfSIXWlC191c1YFtQXCSMYE4PrCMqqYpy1tZvHdJ 8U2lkN3mDVNotVqzwZ5pTiJ8eu0EEo/qc8AtoQ2yusz8oh4OZIDDUabS1Intvh+49k Fcko9q2x3/Hdpbi/SD8cQkzu2I9YlCxjBMF+LGwz76KTYLzzgdB4ylpNOxTyb21NpN w/up5r2E9xLWA== Received: by mail.kernel.org with local (Exim 4.94.2) (envelope-from ) id 1lg38z-000UY3-CT; Mon, 10 May 2021 12:28:09 +0200 From: Mauro Carvalho Chehab To: Linux Doc Mailing List Subject: [PATCH 45/53] docs: sound: kernel-api: writing-an-alsa-driver.rst: avoid using UTF-8 chars Date: Mon, 10 May 2021 12:26:57 +0200 Message-Id: <8ac9e0ecd6e3b89c4a213f2d33de6344122401a3.1620641727.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.30.2 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Cc: alsa-devel@alsa-project.org, Jonathan Corbet , Mauro Carvalho Chehab , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Takashi Iwai , Julia Lawall , =?UTF-8?q?N=C3=ADcolas=20F=2E=20R=2E=20A=2E=20Prado?= X-BeenThere: alsa-devel@alsa-project.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: "Alsa-devel mailing list for ALSA developers - http://www.alsa-project.org" List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: alsa-devel-bounces@alsa-project.org Sender: "Alsa-devel" While UTF-8 characters can be used at the Linux documentation, the best is to use them only when ASCII doesn't offer a good replacement. So, replace the occurences of the following UTF-8 characters: - U+00a0 (' '): NO-BREAK SPACE - U+201c ('“'): LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK - U+201d ('”'): RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab --- .../kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst | 68 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst b/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst index e6365836fa8b..201ced3bba6e 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst +++ b/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ Management of Cards and Components Card Instance ------------- -For each soundcard, a “card” record must be allocated. +For each soundcard, a "card" record must be allocated. A card record is the headquarters of the soundcard. It manages the whole list of devices (components) on the soundcard, such as PCM, mixers, @@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ The role of destructor is simple: disable the hardware (if already activated) and release the resources. So far, we have no hardware part, so the disabling code is not written here. -To release the resources, the “check-and-release” method is a safer way. +To release the resources, the "check-and-release" method is a safer way. For the interrupt, do like this: :: @@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ record: The ``probe`` and ``remove`` functions have already been defined in the previous sections. The ``name`` field is the name string of this -device. Note that you must not use a slash “/” in this string. +device. Note that you must not use a slash "/" in this string. And at last, the module entries: @@ -1692,8 +1692,8 @@ Typically, you'll have a hardware descriptor as below: The other possible flags are ``SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE`` and ``SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME``. The ``PAUSE`` bit means that the pcm - supports the “pause” operation, while the ``RESUME`` bit means that - the pcm supports the full “suspend/resume” operation. If the + supports the "pause" operation, while the ``RESUME`` bit means that + the pcm supports the full "suspend/resume" operation. If the ``PAUSE`` flag is set, the ``trigger`` callback below must handle the corresponding (pause push/release) commands. The suspend/resume trigger commands can be defined even without the ``RESUME`` @@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ Typically, you'll have a hardware descriptor as below: ``periods_min`` define the maximum and minimum number of periods in the buffer. - The “period” is a term that corresponds to a fragment in the OSS + The "period" is a term that corresponds to a fragment in the OSS world. The period defines the size at which a PCM interrupt is generated. This size strongly depends on the hardware. Generally, the smaller period size will give you more interrupts, that is, @@ -1756,7 +1756,7 @@ application. This field contains the enum value ``SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_XXX``. One thing to be noted is that the configured buffer and period sizes -are stored in “frames” in the runtime. In the ALSA world, ``1 frame = +are stored in "frames" in the runtime. In the ALSA world, ``1 frame = channels \* samples-size``. For conversion between frames and bytes, you can use the :c:func:`frames_to_bytes()` and :c:func:`bytes_to_frames()` helper functions. @@ -1999,7 +1999,7 @@ prepare callback static int snd_xxx_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream); -This callback is called when the pcm is “prepared”. You can set the +This callback is called when the pcm is "prepared". You can set the format type, sample rate, etc. here. The difference from ``hw_params`` is that the ``prepare`` callback will be called each time :c:func:`snd_pcm_prepare()` is called, i.e. when recovering after @@ -2436,8 +2436,8 @@ size is aligned with the period size. The hw constraint is a very much powerful mechanism to define the preferred PCM configuration, and there are relevant helpers. -I won't give more details here, rather I would like to say, “Luke, use -the source.” +I won't give more details here, rather I would like to say, "Luke, use +the source." Control Interface ================= @@ -2518,50 +2518,50 @@ Control Names ------------- There are some standards to define the control names. A control is -usually defined from the three parts as “SOURCE DIRECTION FUNCTION”. +usually defined from the three parts as "SOURCE DIRECTION FUNCTION". The first, ``SOURCE``, specifies the source of the control, and is a -string such as “Master”, “PCM”, “CD” and “Line”. There are many +string such as "Master", "PCM", "CD" and "Line". There are many pre-defined sources. The second, ``DIRECTION``, is one of the following strings according to -the direction of the control: “Playback”, “Capture”, “Bypass Playback” -and “Bypass Capture”. Or, it can be omitted, meaning both playback and +the direction of the control: "Playback", "Capture", "Bypass Playback" +and "Bypass Capture". Or, it can be omitted, meaning both playback and capture directions. The third, ``FUNCTION``, is one of the following strings according to -the function of the control: “Switch”, “Volume” and “Route”. +the function of the control: "Switch", "Volume" and "Route". -The example of control names are, thus, “Master Capture Switch” or “PCM -Playback Volume”. +The example of control names are, thus, "Master Capture Switch" or "PCM +Playback Volume". There are some exceptions: Global capture and playback ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -“Capture Source”, “Capture Switch” and “Capture Volume” are used for the -global capture (input) source, switch and volume. Similarly, “Playback -Switch” and “Playback Volume” are used for the global output gain switch +"Capture Source", "Capture Switch" and "Capture Volume" are used for the +global capture (input) source, switch and volume. Similarly, "Playback +Switch" and "Playback Volume" are used for the global output gain switch and volume. Tone-controls ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -tone-control switch and volumes are specified like “Tone Control - XXX”, -e.g. “Tone Control - Switch”, “Tone Control - Bass”, “Tone Control - -Center”. +tone-control switch and volumes are specified like "Tone Control - XXX", +e.g. "Tone Control - Switch", "Tone Control - Bass", "Tone Control - +Center". 3D controls ~~~~~~~~~~~ -3D-control switches and volumes are specified like “3D Control - XXX”, -e.g. “3D Control - Switch”, “3D Control - Center”, “3D Control - Space”. +3D-control switches and volumes are specified like "3D Control - XXX", +e.g. "3D Control - Switch", "3D Control - Center", "3D Control - Space". Mic boost ~~~~~~~~~ -Mic-boost switch is set as “Mic Boost” or “Mic Boost (6dB)”. +Mic-boost switch is set as "Mic Boost" or "Mic Boost (6dB)". More precise information can be found in ``Documentation/sound/designs/control-names.rst``. @@ -3368,7 +3368,7 @@ This ensures that the device can be closed and the driver unloaded without losing data. This callback is optional. If you do not set ``drain`` in the struct -snd_rawmidi_ops structure, ALSA will simply wait for 50 milliseconds +snd_rawmidi_ops structure, ALSA will simply wait for 50 milliseconds instead. Miscellaneous Devices @@ -3506,20 +3506,20 @@ fixed as 4 bytes array (value.iec958.status[x]). For the ``info`` callback, you don't specify the value field for this type (the count field must be set, though). -“IEC958 Playback Con Mask” is used to return the bit-mask for the IEC958 -status bits of consumer mode. Similarly, “IEC958 Playback Pro Mask” +"IEC958 Playback Con Mask" is used to return the bit-mask for the IEC958 +status bits of consumer mode. Similarly, "IEC958 Playback Pro Mask" returns the bitmask for professional mode. They are read-only controls, and are defined as MIXER controls (iface = ``SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER``). -Meanwhile, “IEC958 Playback Default” control is defined for getting and +Meanwhile, "IEC958 Playback Default" control is defined for getting and setting the current default IEC958 bits. Note that this one is usually defined as a PCM control (iface = ``SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM``), although in some places it's defined as a MIXER control. In addition, you can define the control switches to enable/disable or to set the raw bit mode. The implementation will depend on the chip, but -the control should be named as “IEC958 xxx”, preferably using the +the control should be named as "IEC958 xxx", preferably using the :c:func:`SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958()` macro. You can find several cases, for example, ``pci/emu10k1``, @@ -3547,7 +3547,7 @@ function. Usually, ALSA drivers try to allocate and reserve a large contiguous physical space at the time the module is loaded for the later use. This -is called “pre-allocation”. As already written, you can call the +is called "pre-allocation". As already written, you can call the following function at pcm instance construction time (in the case of PCI bus). @@ -4163,7 +4163,7 @@ The typical coding would be like below: Also, don't forget to define the module description and the license. Especially, the recent modprobe requires to define the -module license as GPL, etc., otherwise the system is shown as “tainted”. +module license as GPL, etc., otherwise the system is shown as "tainted". :: @@ -4181,7 +4181,7 @@ So far, you've learned how to write the driver codes. And you might have a question now: how to put my own driver into the ALSA driver tree? Here (finally :) the standard procedure is described briefly. -Suppose that you create a new PCI driver for the card “xyz”. The card +Suppose that you create a new PCI driver for the card "xyz". The card module name would be snd-xyz. The new driver is usually put into the alsa-driver tree, ``sound/pci`` directory in the case of PCI cards. -- 2.30.2