From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 From: Mike Viau Subject: RE: RE: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN kernel? Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2010 19:50:59 -0500 Message-ID: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============1662687877==" Return-path: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Sender: xen-devel-bounces@lists.xensource.com Errors-To: xen-devel-bounces@lists.xensource.com To: bderzhavets@yahoo.com Cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com, xen-users@lists.xensource.com List-Id: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org --===============1662687877== Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_50bc995d-9adb-4720-abdd-abb5b306f50e_" --_50bc995d-9adb-4720-abdd-abb5b306f50e_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable >Any just first argument dummy=3Ddummy should on kenel line. > Read Wiki one more time. It works. I believe you that it does work. I was able to see (XEN) messages coming fr= om the hypervisor=2C but no matter how I changed the option I kept getting = a kernel fault.=20 I feel like it was time to stop mucking around with getting Ubuntu and the = grub2 boot loader to work with XEN so I decided to install a headless OpenS= USE 11.2 system. The openSUSE distribution supported Xen 3.4.1 tools=2C and had a 2.6.31.12 = xenified kernel. On this setup I experience identical network performance. ~1MB/s - w/ xen kernel ~4.5 MB/s - w/ non-xen kernel I use the e1000e kernel module driver for my Ethernet card. Is this typical Dom0 (or Xen Host) network performance with a xenified kern= el or is just in my two setups that one encounters such a network performan= ce hit to the Dom0?=20 -M --- On Mon=2C 3/1/10=2C Mike Viau wrote: From: Mike Viau Subject: RE: [Xen-devel] RE: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput= of a XEN kernel? To: bderzhavets@yahoo.com Cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com=2C xen-users@lists.xensource.com Date: Monday=2C March 1=2C 2010=2C 2:52 PM Why using grub2 vs grub is baffling am not sure.... I think I'd prefer to use the kernel command line in grub2 so that the opti= ons may be changed easier laster on. However I still have been having so su= ccess with boot XEN with Ubuntu's grub2 boot loader. Am I correct to conclude CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOL must =3D N to allow GRUB2 to pa= ss kernel options? http://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/CMDLINE_BOOL.html I have read through the Wiki page at http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/XenC= ommonProblems. I am running a 64-bit Xen Hypervisor. Thus far I have been having no success with using the example entry found a= t http://old.nabble.com/Strange-interaction-from-grub2-and-XEN-td26464067.h= tml A question regarding that entry is what would be the root device when there= are separate /boot and root partitions? I am using the partition with the = /boot (grub2) as my 'set root' device right? I am also using the dummy=3Ddummy as the first option on the first module l= ine=2C again as discovered on the wiki. Additionally posted on another thread here in the Xen mailing list was: > On 1 March 2010 08:09=2C Luke Carrier wrote: >> >> Not sure about Debian=2C but I know Ubuntu isn=92t ideal for Xen any mor= e >> because of the presence of GRUB2 =96 the new boot loader doesn=92t suppo= rt >> passing certain command lines and the current multiboot implementation >> breaks the method Xen uses to load the Dom0 kernel =96 you can=92t use Ubuntu >> 9.10 Server with Xen. I am confused now because Boris clearly created a wordpress.com weblog in w= here Ubuntu 9.10 Server was used with XEN. Lastly=2C out of curiosity=2C what (or what kind) of commands cannot be pas= sed with GRUB2? ThX! =20 -M Date: Sat=2C 27 Feb 2010 11:20:31 -0800 From: bderzhavets@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [Xen-devel] RE: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput= of a XEN kernel? To: mike.viau@sheridanc.on.ca CC: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com=3B xen-users@lists.xensource.com In Xen Wiki is mentioned =2C that parameters for kernel may be set via comm= and line as follows:- ***************************************************************************= ********************************* module (hd1=2C10)/vmlinuz-2.6.31.8 dummy=3Ddummy root=3D/dev/sda7 ro console=3Dtty0 ***************************************************************************= ********************************* # cat /proc/cmdline shows that GRUB2 skips first argument=2C what causes problem. Compiling built-in CMD_LINE is just an option. Read all Wiki written by Pasi and you would never be surprised =3B) > P.S: What is your feeling on using a recent Ubuntu system with=20 > grub-legacy as the boot loader? I noticed that Squeeze has adopted grub2 > package as well too... I have development Xen 3.4.3 instance on top Ubuntu 9.10 Server with GRUB2 = ( baremetall) loading any from 3 mentioned bellow kernels under Xen 3.4.3 1.) 2.6.32.9 PVOPS 2.) 2.6.31.6 PVOPS 3.) 2.6.31.12 xenified with no problems with dummy=3Ddummy as first parameter ( thanks Pasi). It may also may be done via compiling kernels with built-in CMD_LINE. It works fine as well. Boris. --- On Sat=2C 2/27/10=2C Mike Viau wrote: From: Mike Viau Subject: [Xen-devel] RE: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of = a XEN kernel? To: bderzhavets@yahoo.com Cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com=2C xen-users@lists.xensource.com Date: Saturday=2C February 27=2C 2010=2C 12:03 PM Yes=2C thank you Boris for pointing that out. I found that was defiantly true. The= 3.2.1 xen hypervisor could only boot the 2.6.26-2 xen kernel and the xenified 2.6.31.= 12. Additionally I found that: =20 Xend does not start when using pv_ops dom0 kernel?=20 In December 2009 pv_ops dom0 kernel modules were renamed to have a "xen-" prefix in them=2C ie. "evtchn.ko" became "xen-evtchn.ko". =20 This makes Xen 3.4.x xend fail to start=2C because it tried to load "evtchn.ko"=2C but that doesn't exist. You need to load "xen-evtchn.ko" and then start xend. Fedora 12 xen-3.4.2-2 rpms have this problem fixed. =20 Also make sure you have xenfs mounted to "/proc/xen"=2C that's needed aswell.=20 [Source: http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/XenParavirtOps] And it appears the Debian xen-3.4.2-2 debs (in squeeze) have not fixed this problem. Lastly I am still doing some reading on the grub2 package and how to config= ure it. It turns out that I have been using grub-legacy (or just good old grub) for so long that configuring the grub2 boot loader is turning out to be my own personal kryptonite.=20 =20 I am still working on getting the hypervisor to load the dom0 kernel in a Ubuntu= system.=20 =20 I have noticed an example in your wordpress @ Set up Xen 3.4.3-rc2 & Libvirt 0.7.0= Dom0 (with 2.6.31.8 xenified aka Suse kernel) on top of Ubuntu 9.10 Server=20 =20 With CONFIG_CMDLINE=3D"root=3D/dev/sdb11 ro console=3Dtty0"=20 =20 menuentry "Xen 3.4 / Ubuntu 9.10 kernel 2.6.31.8 xenified" { insmod ext2 set root=3D(hd1=2C10) multiboot (hd1=2C10)/xen-3.4.gz module (hd1=2C10)/vmlinuz-2.6.31.8 module (hd1=2C10)/initrd-2.6.31.8.img }=20 =20 I am sure you wouldn't of mentioned the CONFIG_CMDLINE kernel option is it was not important for using with grub2 right? I have not have to compile a kernel w= ith the command line previous as I was just able to supply the arguments on= the kernel line of my menu.lst (grub configuration file).=20 =20 P.S: What is your feeling on using a recent Ubuntu system with grub-legacy as the boot loader? I noticed that Squeeze has adopted grub2 package as well too...=20 =20 -M Date: Sat=2C 27 Feb 2010 04:32:59 -0800 From: bderzhavets@yahoo.com Subject: Re: FW: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN ke= rnel? To: jbeulich@novell.com=3B mike.viau@sheridanc.on.ca CC: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com=3B xen-users@lists.xensource.com You cannot load pvops kernel under xen-hypervisor 3.2.1 ( >=3D3.4.0 in gen= eral) Boris. --- On Fri=2C 2/26/10=2C Mike Viau wrote: From: Mike Viau Subject: FW: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN kernel? To: bderzhavets@yahoo.com=2C jbeulich@novell.com Cc: xen-users@lists.xensource.com=2C xen-devel@lists.xensource.com Date: Friday=2C February 26=2C 2010=2C 3:19 PM Hello again=2C Just a quick update... I was really hoping it was just going to be an issue with the kernel .confi= g=2C however I copied exact configuration from the working Debain 2.6.26-2-= xen-amd64 kernel and used a make oldconfig but the end result was the same. After booting the xenified (2.6.31.12) or pvops kernel (2.6.31.6) via both = xen-hypervisor 3.2.1 or xen-hypervisor 3.4.2 the maximum data transfer to/f= rom the Dom0 (Xen host) is ~1MB/s. Next I plan on re-trying my efforts on a Ubuntu system to see if same netwo= rk bottlenecking is present. =20 Date: Fri=2C 26 Feb 2010 09:16:59 -0800 From: bderzhavets@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN kernel= ? To: xen-users@lists.xensource.com=3B viaum@sheridanc.on.ca Would escalate to xen-devel. 2.6.31.8 (12) aka Suse xenified was Jan Beul= ich stuff. He might have an answer. Boris. --- On Fri=2C 2/26/10=2C Mike Viau wrote: From: Mike Viau Subject: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN kernel? To: xen-users@lists.xensource.com Cc: waldi@debian.org Date: Friday=2C February 26=2C 2010=2C 12:09 PM Hi there=2C I am starting a new thread to try and solve a problem I am having will slow= network throughput to the XEN host (not to a domU). I have confirmed my problem occurs with PVOPS 'xen/master' kernel as well = using http://pasik.reaktio.net/xen/pv_ops-dom0-debug/config-2.6.31.6-pvops-= dom0-xen-master-x86_64 as the .config. It also occurs with a forward ported xenified kernel (2.6.31.12) using the = attached config-11-xen (.config). However when using the xen kernel found in debain lenny (2.6.26-2) for the = amd64 architecture I get similiar transfer rates to my Xen host as I do on = a baremetel kernel. Bastian Blank perhaps you could point me in the right direction in regards = to a debian specific customization or patch I should be aware of? Maxium transfer rate (to/from hard disk) using the PVOPS 'xen/master' kernel and forward ported xenifie= d kernel (2.6.31.12) is bottlenecking at ~1MB/s. On the debain lenny xen ke= rnel I am getting ~4.5MB/s. I was hoping one could suggest options in the .config that might be modified in order to improve network throughput of a XEN kernel and therefor increas= e the data transfer rates over the netowork to and from the Xen host. Thanks alot for any help! As always I will be willing to accept any suggest= ions :) -M =20 =20 Not using Hotmail on your phone? Why not? Get it now.=20 =20 Live connected with Hotmail on your phone. Learn more.=20 -----Inline Attachment Follows----- _______________________________________________ Xen-devel mailing list Xen-devel@lists.xensource.com http://lists.xensource.com/xen-devel =20 All your Hotmail contacts on your phone. Try it now.=20 -----Inline Attachment Follows----- _______________________________________________ Xen-users mailing list Xen-users@lists.xensource.com http://lists.xensource.com/xen-users =20 _________________________________________________________________ Stay in touch. http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=3D9712959= --_50bc995d-9adb-4720-abdd-abb5b306f50e_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
>=3BAny just first argument dummy=3Ddummy should on=
 kenel line.
>=3B Read Wiki one more time. It works.

I believe = you that it does work. I was able to see (XEN) messages coming from the hyp= ervisor=2C but no matter how I changed the option I kept getting a kernel f= ault.

I feel like it was time to stop mucking around with getting U= buntu and the grub2 boot loader to work with XEN so I decided to install a = headless OpenSUSE 11.2 system.

The openSUSE distribution supported X= en 3.4.1 tools=2C and had a 2.6.31.12 xenified kernel. On this setup I expe= rience identical network performance.

~1MB/s - w/ xen kernel<= br>~4.5 MB/s - w/ non-xen kernel

I use the e1000e kernel module driv= er for my Ethernet card.

Is this typical Dom0 (or Xen Host) network = performance with a xenified kernel or is just in my two setups that one enc= ounters such a network performance hit to the Dom0?


-M


--- On Mon=2C 3/1/10=2C Mike Viau <=3Bviaum@sheridanc.on.c= a>=3B wrote:

From: Mike Viau <=3Bviaum@sheridanc.on.ca>=3B
Subj= ect: RE: [Xen-devel] RE: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of = a XEN kernel?
To: bderzhavets@yahoo.com
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource= .com=2C xen-users@lists.xensource.com
Date: Monday=2C March 1=2C 2010=2C= 2:52 PM

Why using grub2 vs grub is baffling am not sure....

I think I'd pref= er to use the kernel command line in grub2 so that the options may be chang= ed easier laster on. However I still have been having so success with boot = XEN with Ubuntu's grub2 boot loader.

Am I correct to conclude CONFIG= _CMDLINE_BOL must =3D N to allow GRUB2 to pass kernel options?
htt= p://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/CMDLINE_BOOL.html

I have read thr= ough the Wiki page at http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/XenCommonProb= lems. I am running a 64-bit Xen Hypervisor.

Thus far I have been= having no success with using the example entry found at http://old.nabble.com/Strange-interaction-from-grub2-and-XEN-t= d26464067.html

A question regarding that entry is what would be = the root device when there are separate /boot and root partitions? I am usi= ng the partition with the /boot (grub2) as my 'set root' device right?
<= br>I am also using the dummy=3Ddummy as the first option on the first modul= e line=2C again as discovered on the wiki.

Additionally posted on an= other thread here in the Xen mailing list was:
>=3B On 1 March 20=
10 08:09=2C Luke Carrier <=3Bluke.carrier@xinos.org>=3B wrote:
>= =3B>=3B
>=3B>=3B Not sure about Debian=2C but I know Ubuntu isn=92= t ideal for Xen any more
>=3B>=3B because of the presence of GRUB2 = =96 the new boot loader doesn=92t support
>=3B>=3B passing certain c= ommand lines and the current multiboot implementation
>=3B>=3B break= s the method Xen uses to load the
Dom0 kernel =96 you can=92t use Ubunt= u
>=3B>=3B 9.10 Server with Xen.

I am confused now because Bo= ris clearly created a wordpress.com weblog in where Ubuntu 9.10 Server was<= br>used with XEN.

Lastly=2C out of curiosity=2C what (or what kind) = of commands cannot be passed with GRUB2?


ThX!
 =3B<= br> -M





Date: Sat=2C 27 Feb 201= 0 11:20:31 -0800
From: bderzhavets@yahoo.com
Subject: Re: [Xen-devel]= RE: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN kernel?
To:= mike.viau@sheridanc.on.ca
CC: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com=3B xen-user= s@lists.xensource.com

In Xen Wiki is mentioned =2C th= at parameters for kernel may be set via command line as follows:-
******= ***************************************************************************= ***************************
module (h= d1=2C10)/vmlinuz-2.6.31.8 =3B dummy=3Ddummy =3B root=3D/dev/= sda7 ro console=3Dtty0
********************************************************= ****************************************************
# cat /proc/cmdline=

shows that GRUB2 skips first argument=2C what causes problem.
Compiling built-in CMD_LINE is just an option.
Read all Wiki written b= y Pasi and =3B you would never be surprised =3B)

>=3B P.S: What is your feeling on using a recent Ubuntu system with
>=3B grub-legacy as= the boot loader? I noticed that Squeeze has adopted grub2 >=3B package as well too= ...


I have development Xen 3.4.3 instance on top Ubuntu 9.10 = Server with GRUB2 ( baremetall) loading any from 3 mentioned bellow kernels= under Xen 3.4.3

1.) =3B 2.6.32.9 PVOPS
2.) =3B 2.6.31.6 = PVOPS
3.) =3B 2.6.31.12 xenified

with no problems with dummy= =3Ddummy as first parameter ( thanks Pasi).
It may also may be done via = compiling kernels with built-in CMD_LINE.
It works fine as well.

= Boris.











--- On Sat=2C 2/27= /10=2C Mike Viau <=3Bviaum@sheridanc.on.ca>=3B wrote:

From: Mike = Viau <=3Bviaum@sheridanc.on.ca>=3B
Subject: [Xen-devel] RE: [Xen-use= rs] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN kernel?
To: bderzhavets@= yahoo.com
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com=2C xen-users@lists.xensource.com
Date: Saturday=2C February 27=2C 2010=2C = 12:03 PM

Yes=2C thank you Boris for pointing that out. I found that was defiantly true. The= 3.2.1 xen hypervisor could only boot the 2.6.26-2 xen kernel and the xenified 2.6.31.= 12.

Additionally I found that:

=20

Xend does not start when using pv_ops dom0 kernel?

=20

In December 2009 pv_ops dom0 kernel modules were renamed to have a "xen-" prefix in them=2C ie. "evtchn.ko" became "xen-evtchn.ko".

=20

This makes Xen 3.4.x xend fail to start=2C because it tried to load "evtchn.ko"=2C but that doesn't exist. You need to load "xen-evtchn.ko" and then start xend. Fedora 12 xen-3.4.2-2 rpms have this problem fixed.

=20

Also make sure you have xenfs mounted to "/proc/xen"=2C that's needed aswell.

[Source: http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwik= i/XenParavirtOps]

And it appears the Debian xen-3.4.2-2 debs (in squeeze) have not fix= ed this problem.

Lastly I am still doing some reading on the grub2 package and how to config= ure it. It turns out that I have been using grub-legacy (or just good old grub) for so long that configuring the grub2 boot loader is turning out to be my own personal kryptonite.

=20

 =3B

=20

I am still working on getting the hypervisor to load the dom0 kernel in a Ubuntu= system.

=20

 =3B

=20

I have noticed an example in your wordpress @ Set up Xen 3.4.3-rc2 &=3B Libvirt 0.7.0 Dom0= (with 2.6.31.8 xenified aka Suse kernel) on top of Ubuntu 9.10 =3BServer

=20

 =3B

=20

With CONFIG_CMDLINE=3D"root=3D/dev/sdb11 ro console=3Dtty0"

=20

 =3B

=20

menuentry "Xen 3.4 / Ubuntu 9.10 kernel 2.6.31.8 x= enified" {
insmod ext2
set root=3D(hd1=2C10)
multiboot (hd1=2C10)/xen-3.4.gz
module (hd1=2C10)/vmlinuz-2.6.31.= 8
module (hd1=2C10)/initrd-2.6.31.8= .img
}

=20

 =3B

=20

I am sure you wouldn't of mentioned the CONFIG_CMDLINE kernel option is it was not important for using with grub2 right? I have not have to compile a kernel w= ith the command line previous as I was just able to supply the arguments on= the kernel line of my menu.lst (grub configuration file).

=20


=20

P.S: What is your feeling on using a recent Ubuntu system with grub-legacy as the boot loader? I noticed that Squeeze has adopted grub2 package as well too...

=20


 =3B
-M





Date: Sat=2C 27 Feb = 2010 04:32:59 -0800
From: bderzhavets@yahoo.com
Subject: Re: FW: [Xen= -users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN kernel?
To: jbeulich= @novell.com=3B mike.viau@sheridanc.on.ca
CC: xen-devel@lists.xensource.c= om=3B xen-users@lists.xensource.com

You cannot load pv= ops kernel under xen-hypervisor 3.2.1 =3B ( >=3B=3D3.4.0 in general)<= br>
Boris.

--- On Fri=2C 2/26/10=2C Mike Viau <=3Bviaum@s= heridanc.on.ca>=3B wrote:

From: Mike Viau <=3Bviaum@sheridanc.on.ca&= gt=3B
Subject: FW: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a X= EN kernel?
To: bderzhavets@yahoo.com=2C jbeulich@novell.com
Cc: xen-use= rs@lists.xensource.com=2C xen-devel@lists.xensource.com
Date: Friday=2C = February 26=2C 2010=2C 3:19 PM

Hello again=2C

Just a quick update...

I was really hoping it = was just going to be an issue with the kernel .config=2C however I copied e= xact configuration from the working Debain 2.6.26-2-xen-amd64 kernel and us= ed a make oldconfig but the end result was the same.

After booting t= he xenified (2.6.31.12) or pvops kernel (2.6.31.6) via both xen-hypervisor = 3.2.1 or xen-hypervisor 3.4.2 the maximum data transfer to/from the Dom0 (X= en host) is ~1MB/s.

Next I plan on re-trying my efforts on a Ubuntu = system to see if same network bottlenecking is present.

=


Date: Fri=2C 26 Feb 2010 09:16:59 -0800
From: bderzhavets@ya= hoo.com
Subject: Re: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a= XEN kernel?
To: xen-users@lists.xensource.com=3B viaum@sheridanc.on.ca<= br>
<= td style=3D"font-family: inherit=3B font-style: inherit=3B font-variant: in= herit=3B font-weight: inherit=3B font-size: inherit=3B line-height: inherit= =3B" valign=3D"top">Would escalate to xen-devel. =3B 2.6.31.8 (12) aka = Suse xenified =3B was Jan Beulich stuff.
He might have an answer.Boris.

--- On Fri=2C 2/26/10=2C Mike Viau <=3Bviaum@sherida= nc.on.ca>=3B wrote:

From: Mike Viau <=3Bviaum@sheridanc.on.ca>=3B<= br>Subject: [Xen-users] How to: Improve Network Throughput of a XEN kernel?=
To: xen-users@lists.xensource.com
Cc: waldi@debian.org
Date: Frid= ay=2C February 26=2C 2010=2C 12:09 PM

Hi there=2C

I am starting a new thread to try and solve a problem I = am having will slow network throughput to the XEN host (not to a domU).
=
I have confirmed my problem occurs with PVOPS 'xen/master' kernel as w= ell using http://pasik.reakti= o.net/xen/pv_ops-dom0-debug/config-2.6.31.6-pvops-dom0-xen-master-x86_64 as the .config.

It also occurs with a forward ported xenified kern= el (2.6.31.12) using the attached config-11-xen (.config).

How= ever when using the xen kernel found in debain lenny (2.6.26-2) for the amd= 64 architecture I get similiar transfer rates to my Xen host as I do on a b= aremetel kernel.

Bastian Blank perhaps you could point me in the rig= ht direction in regards to a debian specific customization or patch I shoul= d be aware of?

Maxium transfer rate (to/from hard disk) using the PVOPS 'xen/master' kernel and forward ported xenifie= d kernel (2.6.31.12) is bottlenecking at ~1MB/s. On the debain lenny = xen kernel I am getting ~4.5MB/s.

I was hoping one could suggest options in the .config that might be modified in order to improve network throughput of a XEN kernel and therefor increas= e the data transfer rates over the netowork to and from the Xen host.
Thanks alot for any help! As always I will be willing to accept any sugge= stions :)


-M




Not using Hotmail on your phone? Why n= ot? = Get it now.=20



Live c= onnected with Hotmail on your phone. Learn more.=20

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Xen-devel ma= iling list
Xen-devel@lists.xensource.com
http://lists.xensource.co= m/xen-devel

=

All your Hotmail contacts on your phone. Try it now.=20

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IM on the go with Messen= ger on your phone. Try now. = --_50bc995d-9adb-4720-abdd-abb5b306f50e_-- --===============1662687877== Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline _______________________________________________ Xen-devel mailing list Xen-devel@lists.xensource.com http://lists.xensource.com/xen-devel --===============1662687877==--