All of lore.kernel.org
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Daniel Golle <daniel@makrotopia.org>
To: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org, Stanislaw Gruszka <stf_xl@wp.pl>,
	Helmut Schaa <helmut.schaa@googlemail.com>
Cc: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>,
	"David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>,
	Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>,
	Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>, Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>,
	Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] rt2x00: add RXIQ calibration for MT7620
Date: Sat, 17 Sep 2022 00:06:21 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <YyUBbZxKGljegJR5@makrotopia.org> (raw)

From: Tomislav Požega <pozega.tomislav@gmail.com>

Add RXIQ calibration found in mtk driver. With old openwrt builds this
gets us ~8Mbps more of RX bandwidth (test with iPA/eLNA layout).

Signed-off-by: Tomislav Požega <pozega.tomislav@gmail.com>
---
 .../net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2800lib.c    | 384 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 384 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2800lib.c b/drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2800lib.c
index d5b4dba3b27203..6e5a72cf2a81a0 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2800lib.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2800lib.c
@@ -8695,6 +8695,389 @@ static void rt2800_rxdcoc_calibration(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
 	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 2, saverfb0r2);
 }
 
+static u32 rt2800_do_sqrt_accumulation(u32 si)
+{
+	u32 root, root_pre, bit;
+	char i;
+
+	bit = 1 << 15;
+	root = 0;
+	for (i = 15; i >= 0; i = i - 1) {
+		root_pre = root + bit;
+		if ((root_pre * root_pre) <= si)
+			root = root_pre;
+		bit = bit >> 1;
+	}
+
+	return root;
+}
+
+static void rt2800_rxiq_calibration(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
+{
+	u8 rfb0r1, rfb0r2, rfb0r42;
+	u8 rfb4r0, rfb4r19;
+	u8 rfb5r3, rfb5r4, rfb5r17, rfb5r18, rfb5r19, rfb5r20;
+	u8 rfb6r0, rfb6r19;
+	u8 rfb7r3, rfb7r4, rfb7r17, rfb7r18, rfb7r19, rfb7r20;
+
+	u8 bbp1, bbp4;
+	u8 bbpr241, bbpr242;
+	u32 i;
+	u8 ch_idx;
+	u8 bbpval;
+	u8 rfval, vga_idx = 0;
+	int mi = 0, mq = 0, si = 0, sq = 0, riq = 0;
+	int sigma_i, sigma_q, r_iq, g_rx;
+	int g_imb;
+	int ph_rx;
+	u32 savemacsysctrl = 0;
+	u32 orig_RF_CONTROL0 = 0;
+	u32 orig_RF_BYPASS0 = 0;
+	u32 orig_RF_CONTROL1 = 0;
+	u32 orig_RF_BYPASS1 = 0;
+	u32 orig_RF_CONTROL3 = 0;
+	u32 orig_RF_BYPASS3 = 0;
+	u32 macstatus, bbpval1 = 0;
+	u8 rf_vga_table[] = {0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f};
+
+	savemacsysctrl = rt2800_register_read(rt2x00dev, MAC_SYS_CTRL);
+	orig_RF_CONTROL0 = rt2800_register_read(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0);
+	orig_RF_BYPASS0 = rt2800_register_read(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS0);
+	orig_RF_CONTROL1 = rt2800_register_read(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL1);
+	orig_RF_BYPASS1 = rt2800_register_read(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS1);
+	orig_RF_CONTROL3 = rt2800_register_read(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL3);
+	orig_RF_BYPASS3 = rt2800_register_read(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS3);
+
+	bbp1 = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 1);
+	bbp4 = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 4);
+
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, MAC_SYS_CTRL, 0x0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
+		macstatus = rt2800_register_read(rt2x00dev, MAC_STATUS_CFG);
+		if (macstatus & 0x3)
+			usleep_range(50, 100);
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (i == 10000)
+		rt2x00_warn(rt2x00dev, "Wait MAC Status to MAX !!!\n");
+
+	bbpval = bbp4 & (~0x18);
+	bbpval = bbp4 | 0x00;
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 4, bbpval);
+
+	bbpval = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 21);
+	bbpval = bbpval | 1;
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 21, bbpval);
+	bbpval = bbpval & 0xfe;
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 21, bbpval);
+
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL1, 0x00000202);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS1, 0x00000303);
+	if (test_bit(CAPABILITY_EXTERNAL_PA_TX0, &rt2x00dev->cap_flags))
+		rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL3, 0x0101);
+	else
+		rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL3, 0x0000);
+
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS3, 0xf1f1);
+
+	rfb0r1 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 1);
+	rfb0r2 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 2);
+	rfb0r42 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 42);
+	rfb4r0 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 4, 0);
+	rfb4r19 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 4, 19);
+	rfb5r3 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 3);
+	rfb5r4 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 4);
+	rfb5r17 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 17);
+	rfb5r18 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 18);
+	rfb5r19 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 19);
+	rfb5r20 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 20);
+
+	rfb6r0 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 6, 0);
+	rfb6r19 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 6, 19);
+	rfb7r3 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 3);
+	rfb7r4 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 4);
+	rfb7r17 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 17);
+	rfb7r18 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 18);
+	rfb7r19 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 19);
+	rfb7r20 = rt2800_rfcsr_read_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 20);
+
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_chanreg(rt2x00dev, 0, 0x87);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_chanreg(rt2x00dev, 19, 0x27);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_dccal(rt2x00dev, 3, 0x38);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_dccal(rt2x00dev, 4, 0x38);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_dccal(rt2x00dev, 17, 0x80);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_dccal(rt2x00dev, 18, 0xC1);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_dccal(rt2x00dev, 19, 0x60);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_dccal(rt2x00dev, 20, 0x00);
+
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 23, 0x0);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 24, 0x0);
+
+	rt2800_bbp_dcoc_write(rt2x00dev, 5, 0x0);
+
+	bbpr241 = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 241);
+	bbpr242 = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 242);
+
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 241, 0x10);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 242, 0x84);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 244, 0x31);
+
+	bbpval = rt2800_bbp_dcoc_read(rt2x00dev, 3);
+	bbpval = bbpval & (~0x7);
+	rt2800_bbp_dcoc_write(rt2x00dev, 3, bbpval);
+
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0, 0x00000004);
+	udelay(1);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0, 0x00000006);
+	usleep_range(1, 200);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS0, 0x00003376);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0, 0x00001006);
+	udelay(1);
+	if (test_bit(CAPABILITY_EXTERNAL_PA_TX0, &rt2x00dev->cap_flags)) {
+		rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 23, 0x06);
+		rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 24, 0x06);
+	} else {
+		rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 23, 0x02);
+		rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 24, 0x02);
+	}
+
+	for (ch_idx = 0; ch_idx < 2; ch_idx = ch_idx + 1) {
+		if (ch_idx == 0) {
+			rfval = rfb0r1 & (~0x3);
+			rfval = rfb0r1 | 0x1;
+			rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 1, rfval);
+			rfval = rfb0r2 & (~0x33);
+			rfval = rfb0r2 | 0x11;
+			rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 2, rfval);
+			rfval = rfb0r42 & (~0x50);
+			rfval = rfb0r42 | 0x10;
+			rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 42, rfval);
+
+			rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0, 0x00001006);
+			udelay(1);
+
+			bbpval = bbp1 & (~0x18);
+			bbpval = bbpval | 0x00;
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 1, bbpval);
+
+			rt2800_bbp_dcoc_write(rt2x00dev, 1, 0x00);
+		} else {
+			rfval = rfb0r1 & (~0x3);
+			rfval = rfb0r1 | 0x2;
+			rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 1, rfval);
+			rfval = rfb0r2 & (~0x33);
+			rfval = rfb0r2 | 0x22;
+			rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 2, rfval);
+			rfval = rfb0r42 & (~0x50);
+			rfval = rfb0r42 | 0x40;
+			rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 42, rfval);
+
+			rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0, 0x00002006);
+			udelay(1);
+
+			bbpval = bbp1 & (~0x18);
+			bbpval = bbpval | 0x08;
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 1, bbpval);
+
+			rt2800_bbp_dcoc_write(rt2x00dev, 1, 0x01);
+		}
+		usleep_range(500, 1500);
+
+		vga_idx = 0;
+			while (vga_idx < 11) {
+				rt2800_rfcsr_write_dccal(rt2x00dev, 3, rf_vga_table[vga_idx]);
+				rt2800_rfcsr_write_dccal(rt2x00dev, 4, rf_vga_table[vga_idx]);
+
+				rt2800_bbp_dcoc_write(rt2x00dev, 0, 0x93);
+
+				for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
+					bbpval = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 159);
+					if ((bbpval & 0xff) == 0x93)
+						usleep_range(50, 100);
+					else
+						break;
+					}
+
+				if ((bbpval & 0xff) == 0x93) {
+					rt2x00_warn(rt2x00dev, "Fatal Error: Calibration doesn't finish");
+					goto restore_value;
+				}
+
+				for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+					u32 bbptemp = 0;
+					u8 value = 0;
+					int result = 0;
+
+					rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x1e);
+					rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 159, i);
+					rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x22);
+					value = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 159);
+					bbptemp = bbptemp + (value << 24);
+					rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x21);
+					value = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 159);
+					bbptemp = bbptemp + (value << 16);
+					rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x20);
+					value = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 159);
+					bbptemp = bbptemp + (value << 8);
+					rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x1f);
+					value = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 159);
+					bbptemp = bbptemp + value;
+
+					if (i < 2 && (bbptemp & 0x800000))
+						result = (bbptemp & 0xffffff) - 0x1000000;
+					else if (i == 4)
+						result = bbptemp;
+					else
+						result = bbptemp;
+
+					if (i == 0)
+						mi = result / 4096;
+					else if (i == 1)
+						mq = result / 4096;
+					else if (i == 2)
+						si = bbptemp / 4096;
+					else if (i == 3)
+						sq = bbptemp / 4096;
+					else
+						riq = result / 4096;
+				}
+
+				bbpval1 = si - mi * mi;
+				rt2x00_dbg(rt2x00dev,
+					   "RXIQ si=%d, sq=%d, riq=%d, bbpval %d, vga_idx %d",
+					   si, sq, riq, bbpval1, vga_idx);
+
+				if (bbpval1 >= (100 * 100))
+					break;
+
+				if (bbpval1 <= 100)
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 9;
+				else if (bbpval1 <= 158)
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 8;
+				else if (bbpval1 <= 251)
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 7;
+				else if (bbpval1 <= 398)
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 6;
+				else if (bbpval1 <= 630)
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 5;
+				else if (bbpval1 <= 1000)
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 4;
+				else if (bbpval1 <= 1584)
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 3;
+				else if (bbpval1 <= 2511)
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 2;
+				else
+					vga_idx = vga_idx + 1;
+			}
+
+		sigma_i = rt2800_do_sqrt_accumulation(100 * (si - mi * mi));
+		sigma_q = rt2800_do_sqrt_accumulation(100 * (sq - mq * mq));
+		r_iq = 10 * (riq - (mi * mq));
+
+		rt2x00_dbg(rt2x00dev, "Sigma_i=%d, Sigma_q=%d, R_iq=%d", sigma_i, sigma_q, r_iq);
+
+		if (sigma_i <= 1400 && sigma_i >= 1000 &&
+		    (sigma_i - sigma_q) <= 112 &&
+		    (sigma_i - sigma_q) >= -112 &&
+		    mi <= 32 && mi >= -32 &&
+		    mq <= 32 && mq >= -32) {
+			r_iq = 10 * (riq - (mi * mq));
+			rt2x00_dbg(rt2x00dev, "RXIQ Sigma_i=%d, Sigma_q=%d, R_iq=%d\n",
+				   sigma_i, sigma_q, r_iq);
+
+			g_rx = (1000 * sigma_q) / sigma_i;
+			g_imb = ((-2) * 128 * (1000 - g_rx)) / (1000 + g_rx);
+			ph_rx = (r_iq * 2292) / (sigma_i * sigma_q);
+
+			if (ph_rx > 20 || ph_rx < -20) {
+				ph_rx = 0;
+				rt2x00_warn(rt2x00dev, "RXIQ calibration FAIL");
+			}
+
+			if (g_imb > 12 || g_imb < -12) {
+				g_imb = 0;
+				rt2x00_warn(rt2x00dev, "RXIQ calibration FAIL");
+			}
+		} else {
+			g_imb = 0;
+			ph_rx = 0;
+			rt2x00_dbg(rt2x00dev, "RXIQ Sigma_i=%d, Sigma_q=%d, R_iq=%d\n",
+				   sigma_i, sigma_q, r_iq);
+			rt2x00_warn(rt2x00dev, "RXIQ calibration FAIL");
+		}
+
+		if (ch_idx == 0) {
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x37);
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 159, g_imb & 0x3f);
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x35);
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 159, ph_rx & 0x3f);
+		} else {
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x55);
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 159, g_imb & 0x3f);
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x53);
+			rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 159, ph_rx & 0x3f);
+		}
+	}
+
+restore_value:
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x3);
+	bbpval = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 159);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 159, (bbpval | 0x07));
+
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 158, 0x00);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 159, 0x00);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 1, bbp1);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 4, bbp4);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 241, bbpr241);
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 242, bbpr242);
+
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 244, 0x00);
+	bbpval = rt2800_bbp_read(rt2x00dev, 21);
+	bbpval |= 0x1;
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 21, bbpval);
+	usleep_range(10, 200);
+	bbpval &= 0xfe;
+	rt2800_bbp_write(rt2x00dev, 21, bbpval);
+
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 1, rfb0r1);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 2, rfb0r2);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 0, 42, rfb0r42);
+
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 4, 0, rfb4r0);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 4, 19, rfb4r19);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 3, rfb5r3);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 4, rfb5r4);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 17, rfb5r17);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 18, rfb5r18);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 19, rfb5r19);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 5, 20, rfb5r20);
+
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 6, 0, rfb6r0);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 6, 19, rfb6r19);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 3, rfb7r3);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 4, rfb7r4);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 17, rfb7r17);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 18, rfb7r18);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 19, rfb7r19);
+	rt2800_rfcsr_write_bank(rt2x00dev, 7, 20, rfb7r20);
+
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0, 0x00000006);
+	udelay(1);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0, 0x00000004);
+	udelay(1);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL0, orig_RF_CONTROL0);
+	udelay(1);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS0, orig_RF_BYPASS0);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL1, orig_RF_CONTROL1);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS1, orig_RF_BYPASS1);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_CONTROL3, orig_RF_CONTROL3);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, RF_BYPASS3, orig_RF_BYPASS3);
+	rt2800_register_write(rt2x00dev, MAC_SYS_CTRL, savemacsysctrl);
+}
+
 static void rt2800_bbp_core_soft_reset(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev,
 				       bool set_bw, bool is_ht40)
 {
@@ -9307,6 +9690,7 @@ static void rt2800_init_rfcsr_6352(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
 	rt2800_rxdcoc_calibration(rt2x00dev);
 	rt2800_bw_filter_calibration(rt2x00dev, true);
 	rt2800_bw_filter_calibration(rt2x00dev, false);
+	rt2800_rxiq_calibration(rt2x00dev);
 }
 
 static void rt2800_init_rfcsr(struct rt2x00_dev *rt2x00dev)
-- 
2.37.3


             reply	other threads:[~2022-09-16 23:06 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 2+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2022-09-16 23:06 Daniel Golle [this message]
2022-09-17 12:47 ` [PATCH 07/15] rt2x00: add RXIQ calibration for MT7620 Stanislaw Gruszka

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=YyUBbZxKGljegJR5@makrotopia.org \
    --to=daniel@makrotopia.org \
    --cc=davem@davemloft.net \
    --cc=edumazet@google.com \
    --cc=helmut.schaa@googlemail.com \
    --cc=johannes.berg@intel.com \
    --cc=kuba@kernel.org \
    --cc=kvalo@kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=pabeni@redhat.com \
    --cc=stf_xl@wp.pl \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is an external index of several public inboxes,
see mirroring instructions on how to clone and mirror
all data and code used by this external index.