[PATCH v4 bpf-next 02/13] bpf: Enable bpf_skc_to_* sock casting helper to networking prog type

[Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>]

There is a constant need to add more fields into the bpf_tcp_sock
for the bpf programs running at tc, sock_ops...etc.

A current workaround could be to use bpf_probe_read_kernel().  However,
other than making another helper call for reading each field and missing
CO-RE, it is also not as intuitive to use as directly reading
"tp->lsndtime" for example.  While already having perfmon cap to do
bpf_probe_read_kernel(), it will be much easier if the bpf prog can
directly read from the tcp_sock.

This patch tries to do that by using the existing casting-helpers
bpf_skc_to_*() whose func_proto returns a btf_id.  For example, the
func_proto of bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock returns the btf_id of the
kernel "struct tcp_sock".

These helpers are also added to is_ptr_cast_function().
It ensures the returning reg (BPF_REF_0) will also carries the ref_obj_id.
That will keep the ref-tracking works properly.

The bpf_skc_to_* helpers are made available to most of the bpf prog
types in filter.c. The bpf_skc_to_* helpers will be limited by
perfmon cap.

This patch adds a ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON.  The helper accepting
this arg can accept a btf-id-ptr (PTR_TO_BTF_ID + &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON])
or a legacy-ctx-convert-skc-ptr (PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON).  The bpf_skc_to_*()
helpers are changed to take ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON such that
they will accept pointer obtained from skb->sk.

Instead of specifying both arg_type and arg_btf_id in the same func_proto
which is how the current ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID does, the arg_btf_id of
the new ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON is specified in the
compatible_reg_types[] in verifier.c.  The reason is the arg_btf_id is
always the same.  Discussion in this thread:
https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200922070422.1917351-1-kafai@fb.com/

The ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_ part gives a clear expectation that the helper is
expecting a PTR_TO_BTF_ID which could be NULL.  This is the same
behavior as the existing helper taking ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID.

The _SOCK_COMMON part means the helper is also expecting the legacy
SOCK_COMMON pointer.

By excluding the _OR_NULL part, the bpf prog cannot call helper
with a literal NULL which doesn't make sense in most cases.
e.g. bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock(NULL) will be rejected.  All PTR_TO_*_OR_NULL
reg has to do a NULL check first before passing into the helper or else
the bpf prog will be rejected.  This behavior is nothing new and
consistent with the current expectation during bpf-prog-load.

[ ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON will be used to replace
  ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK* of other existing helpers later such that
  those existing helpers can take the PTR_TO_BTF_ID returned by
  the bpf_skc_to_*() helpers.

  The only special case is bpf_sk_lookup_assign() which can accept a
  literal NULL ptr.  It has to be handled specially in another follow
  up patch if there is a need (e.g. by renaming ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL
  to ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON_OR_NULL). ]

[ When converting the older helpers that take ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK* in
  the later patch, if the kernel does not support BTF,
  ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON will behave like ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON
  because no reg->type could have PTR_TO_BTF_ID in this case.

  It is not a concern for the newer-btf-only helper like the bpf_skc_to_*()
  here though because these helpers must require BTF vmlinux to begin
  with. ]

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
---
 include/linux/bpf.h   |  1 +
 kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 34 +++++++++++++++++++--
 net/core/filter.c     | 69 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 3 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index fc5c901c7542..d0937f1d2980 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ enum bpf_arg_type {
 	ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM,	/* pointer to dynamically allocated memory */
 	ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM_OR_NULL,	/* pointer to dynamically allocated memory or NULL */
 	ARG_CONST_ALLOC_SIZE_OR_ZERO,	/* number of allocated bytes requested */
+	ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON,	/* pointer to in-kernel sock_common or bpf-mirrored bpf_sock */
 	__BPF_ARG_TYPE_MAX,
 };
 
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index 945fa2b4d096..d4ba29fb17a6 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -486,7 +486,12 @@ static bool is_acquire_function(enum bpf_func_id func_id,
 static bool is_ptr_cast_function(enum bpf_func_id func_id)
 {
 	return func_id == BPF_FUNC_tcp_sock ||
-		func_id == BPF_FUNC_sk_fullsock;
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_sk_fullsock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_sock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp6_sock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_udp6_sock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock ||
+		func_id == BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_request_sock;
 }
 
 /* string representation of 'enum bpf_reg_type' */
@@ -3953,6 +3958,7 @@ static int resolve_map_arg_type(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 
 struct bpf_reg_types {
 	const enum bpf_reg_type types[10];
+	u32 *btf_id;
 };
 
 static const struct bpf_reg_types map_key_value_types = {
@@ -3973,6 +3979,17 @@ static const struct bpf_reg_types sock_types = {
 	},
 };
 
+static const struct bpf_reg_types btf_id_sock_common_types = {
+	.types = {
+		PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON,
+		PTR_TO_SOCKET,
+		PTR_TO_TCP_SOCK,
+		PTR_TO_XDP_SOCK,
+		PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	},
+	.btf_id = &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
+};
+
 static const struct bpf_reg_types mem_types = {
 	.types = {
 		PTR_TO_STACK,
@@ -4014,6 +4031,7 @@ static const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible_reg_types[__BPF_ARG_TYPE_MAX] = {
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_CTX]		= &context_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_CTX_OR_NULL]	= &context_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON]	= &sock_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON]	= &btf_id_sock_common_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET]		= &fullsock_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL]	= &fullsock_types,
 	[ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID]		= &btf_ptr_types,
@@ -4059,6 +4077,14 @@ static int check_reg_type(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 regno,
 
 found:
 	if (type == PTR_TO_BTF_ID) {
+		if (!arg_btf_id) {
+			if (!compatible->btf_id) {
+				verbose(env, "verifier internal error: missing arg compatible BTF ID\n");
+				return -EFAULT;
+			}
+			arg_btf_id = compatible->btf_id;
+		}
+
 		if (!btf_struct_ids_match(&env->log, reg->off, reg->btf_id,
 					  *arg_btf_id)) {
 			verbose(env, "R%d is of type %s but %s is expected\n",
@@ -4575,10 +4601,14 @@ static bool check_btf_id_ok(const struct bpf_func_proto *fn)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fn->arg_type); i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fn->arg_type); i++) {
 		if (fn->arg_type[i] == ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID && !fn->arg_btf_id[i])
 			return false;
 
+		if (fn->arg_type[i] != ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID && fn->arg_btf_id[i])
+			return false;
+	}
+
 	return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/net/core/filter.c b/net/core/filter.c
index 706f8db0ccf8..6d1864f2bd51 100644
--- a/net/core/filter.c
+++ b/net/core/filter.c
@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@
 #include <net/transp_v6.h>
 #include <linux/btf_ids.h>
 
+static const struct bpf_func_proto *
+bpf_sk_base_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id);
+
 int copy_bpf_fprog_from_user(struct sock_fprog *dst, sockptr_t src, int len)
 {
 	if (in_compat_syscall()) {
@@ -6620,7 +6623,7 @@ sock_addr_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 			return NULL;
 		}
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -6639,7 +6642,7 @@ sk_filter_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output:
 		return &bpf_skb_event_output_proto;
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -6800,7 +6803,7 @@ tc_cls_act_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		return &bpf_sk_assign_proto;
 #endif
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -6841,7 +6844,7 @@ xdp_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		return &bpf_tcp_gen_syncookie_proto;
 #endif
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -6883,7 +6886,7 @@ sock_ops_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		return &bpf_tcp_sock_proto;
 #endif /* CONFIG_INET */
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -6929,7 +6932,7 @@ sk_msg_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		return &bpf_get_cgroup_classid_curr_proto;
 #endif
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -6971,7 +6974,7 @@ sk_skb_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 		return &bpf_skc_lookup_tcp_proto;
 #endif
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -6982,7 +6985,7 @@ flow_dissector_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	case BPF_FUNC_skb_load_bytes:
 		return &bpf_flow_dissector_load_bytes_proto;
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -7009,7 +7012,7 @@ lwt_out_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	case BPF_FUNC_skb_under_cgroup:
 		return &bpf_skb_under_cgroup_proto;
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -9746,7 +9749,7 @@ sk_lookup_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	case BPF_FUNC_sk_release:
 		return &bpf_sk_release_proto;
 	default:
-		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+		return bpf_sk_base_func_proto(func_id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -9913,8 +9916,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_tcp6_sock_proto = {
 	.func			= bpf_skc_to_tcp6_sock,
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
-	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
+	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON,
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_TCP6],
 };
 
@@ -9930,8 +9932,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock_proto = {
 	.func			= bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock,
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
-	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
+	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON,
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_TCP],
 };
 
@@ -9954,8 +9955,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock_proto = {
 	.func			= bpf_skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock,
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
-	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
+	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON,
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_TCP_TW],
 };
 
@@ -9978,8 +9978,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_tcp_request_sock_proto = {
 	.func			= bpf_skc_to_tcp_request_sock,
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
-	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
+	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON,
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_TCP_REQ],
 };
 
@@ -10000,7 +9999,37 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_udp6_sock_proto = {
 	.func			= bpf_skc_to_udp6_sock,
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
-	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
+	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_SOCK_COMMON,
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_UDP6],
 };
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto *
+bpf_sk_base_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id)
+{
+	const struct bpf_func_proto *func;
+
+	switch (func_id) {
+	case BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp6_sock:
+		func = &bpf_skc_to_tcp6_sock_proto;
+		break;
+	case BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_sock:
+		func = &bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock_proto;
+		break;
+	case BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock:
+		func = &bpf_skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock_proto;
+		break;
+	case BPF_FUNC_skc_to_tcp_request_sock:
+		func = &bpf_skc_to_tcp_request_sock_proto;
+		break;
+	case BPF_FUNC_skc_to_udp6_sock:
+		func = &bpf_skc_to_udp6_sock_proto;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return bpf_base_func_proto(func_id);
+	}
+
+	if (!perfmon_capable())
+		return NULL;
+
+	return func;
+}
-- 
2.24.1