Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판)]

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Dear All,
I have developed a kernel module consists of one source file that sends and
receives  message to the user space.  I have spitted the source code in two
files, and now I  am trying to develop kernel module from these source
files. After compiling and linking without any problems, I insmod the
module but I didn’t see any of the printk() I wrote, in fact, the module
can be inserted and removed, but it does nothing. Code is in the attached
file zipped file.
I tried many things , e.g.,  link <https://paguilar.org/?p=7>1, link2
<https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/kernel-module-with-multiple-source-files-not-initializing-886190/>,
and link3
<https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-msm-dory-3.10-kitkat-wear/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>
etc.
but nothings worked out.
I also used *nm* to inspect the module, but, as expected, there was no
signs of "__init and __exit" functions can in the output.
                                 U __alloc_skb
00000000000001c0 T create_socket
0000000000000030 T data_update
                                 U __fentry__
                                 U fortify_panic
0000000000000000 r __func__.5058
                                 U init_net
0000000000000000 t kernel_space_receiver
0000000000000080 T kernel_space_sender
                                  U memcpy
0000000000000038 r __module_depends
0000000000000008 D msg_size
                                 U msleep
                                 U __netlink_kernel_create
                                 U netlink_kernel_release
                                 U netlink_unicast
0000000000000078 B nlh
                                 U __nlmsg_put
0000000000000080 B nl_sk
0000000000000000 r _note_6
0000000000000004 D pid
                                 U printk
0000000000000000 D res
0000000000000000 B s_data
0000000000000070 B skb_out
                                  U __stack_chk_fail
                                  U strlen
0000000000000000 D __this_module
0000000000000000 r __UNIQUE_ID_license381
000000000000004d r __UNIQUE_ID_name240
0000000000000041 r __UNIQUE_ID_retpoline241
0000000000000010 r __UNIQUE_ID_srcversion242
0000000000000068 r __UNIQUE_ID_vermagic239
--------------------
*Following is the output of some useful commands:*
-------------------------------------------------
*ssd@ssd:~/Desktop/Kernel_User_comm$ ls*
Makefile  netlink_kernel_module.c  netlink_kernel_space.c
 netlink_kernel_space.h  netlink_user_module.c
---------------------------------------------------
*ssd@ssd:~/Kernel_User_comm$ make --version*
GNU Make 4.1
Built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Copyright (C) 1988-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
-------------------------------------------------------
*ssd@ssd:~/Kernel_User_comm$ uname -r*
5.2.0-rc6
--------------------------------------------------------
Can you please help me: what's the problem/mistake I am doing?
Thank you very much.

-- 
*Best Regards,*


*Mr. Irfan Ullah*
PhD Candidate
Data and Knowledge Engineering(DKE) Lab
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Kyung Hee University, South Korea.
 +82-010-591-51651 <+82%2010-3877-8867>
  sahibzada.iu@gmail.com
 sahibzada_irfanullah

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Re: Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Abu Rasheda]

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On Fri, Oct 25, 2019 at 2:16 AM Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판) <irfan@dke.khu.ac.kr>
wrote:

> Dear All,
> I have developed a kernel module consists of one source file that sends
> and receives  message to the user space.  I have spitted the source code in
> two files, and now I  am trying to develop kernel module from these source
> files. After compiling and linking without any problems, I insmod the
> module but I didn’t see any of the printk() I wrote, in fact, the module
> can be inserted and removed, but it does nothing. Code is in the attached
> file zipped file.
> I tried many things , e.g.,  link <https://paguilar.org/?p=7>1, link2
> <https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/kernel-module-with-multiple-source-files-not-initializing-886190/>,
> and link3
> <https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-msm-dory-3.10-kitkat-wear/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt> etc.
> but nothings worked out.
> I also used *nm* to inspect the module, but, as expected, there was no
> signs of "__init and __exit" functions can in the output.
>

I assume you have verified that your module is loaded by something like

lsmod | grep your_module_name

and log level allows KERN_ALERT printing.

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Re: Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판)]

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Thanks you.
Yes, I have tested it. " smod | grep your_module_name" command shows that
the module is loaded but the "dmesg" shows nothing.
Following is the output of the commands.
*ssd@ssd:~/Desktop/Kernel_User_comm$ lsmod | grep netlink_kernel_module*
netlink_kernel_module    16384  0

*ssd@ssd:~/Desktop/Kernel_User_comm$
dmesgssd@ssd:~/Desktop/Kernel_User_comm$ *

On Sat, Oct 26, 2019 at 1:16 AM Abu Rasheda <rcpilot2010@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Fri, Oct 25, 2019 at 2:16 AM Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판) <irfan@dke.khu.ac.kr>
> wrote:
>
>> Dear All,
>> I have developed a kernel module consists of one source file that sends
>> and receives  message to the user space.  I have spitted the source code in
>> two files, and now I  am trying to develop kernel module from these source
>> files. After compiling and linking without any problems, I insmod the
>> module but I didn’t see any of the printk() I wrote, in fact, the module
>> can be inserted and removed, but it does nothing. Code is in the attached
>> file zipped file.
>> I tried many things , e.g.,  link <https://paguilar.org/?p=7>1, link2
>> <https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/kernel-module-with-multiple-source-files-not-initializing-886190/>,
>> and link3
>> <https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-msm-dory-3.10-kitkat-wear/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt> etc.
>> but nothings worked out.
>> I also used *nm* to inspect the module, but, as expected, there was no
>> signs of "__init and __exit" functions can in the output.
>>
>
> I assume you have verified that your module is loaded by something like
>
> lsmod | grep your_module_name
>
> and log level allows KERN_ALERT printing.
>


-- 
*Best Regards,*


*Mr. Irfan Ullah*
PhD Candidate
Data and Knowledge Engineering(DKE) Lab
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Kyung Hee University, South Korea.
 +82-010-591-51651 <+82%2010-3877-8867>
  sahibzada.iu@gmail.com
 sahibzada_irfanullah

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Re: Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Bernd Petrovitsch]

Hi all!

On 25/10/2019 11:14, Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판) wrote:
> Dear All,
> I have developed a kernel module consists of one source file that sends
> and receives  message to the user space.  I have spitted the source code
> in two files, and now I  am trying to develop kernel module from these
> source files. After compiling and linking without any problems, I insmod
> the module but I didn’t see any of the printk() I wrote, in fact, the
> module can be inserted and removed, but it does nothing. Code is in the
> attached file zipped file.
> I tried many things , e.g.,  link <https://paguilar.org/?p=7>1, link2
> <https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/kernel-module-with-multiple-source-files-not-initializing-886190/>;,
> and link3
> <https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-msm-dory-3.10-kitkat-wear/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt> etc. 
> but nothings worked out. 
> I also used /nm/ to inspect the module, but, as expected, there was no> signs of "__init and __exit" functions can in the output.

To be exact, you are looking for the hello_init function.
Since "nm" doesn't show it, it's either not there or
"static".

[ for the nm-output see in the OPs mail ]
> Can you please help me: what's the problem/mistake I am doing?
> Thank you very much.

Get rid of the "static" for the hello_init and hello_exit function.

MfG,
	Bernd
-- 
Bernd Petrovitsch                  Email : bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at
                     LUGA : http://www.luga.at


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Re: Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판)]

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Thanks for the help. I have removed the "static" from the hello_init,
hello_exti but nothing worked. I am not sure, but I think the problem is
with the make file.


On Sun, Oct 27, 2019 at 5:44 PM Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
wrote:

> Hi all!
>
> On 25/10/2019 11:14, Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판) wrote:
> > Dear All,
> > I have developed a kernel module consists of one source file that sends
> > and receives  message to the user space.  I have spitted the source code
> > in two files, and now I  am trying to develop kernel module from these
> > source files. After compiling and linking without any problems, I insmod
> > the module but I didn’t see any of the printk() I wrote, in fact, the
> > module can be inserted and removed, but it does nothing. Code is in the
> > attached file zipped file.
> > I tried many things , e.g.,  link <https://paguilar.org/?p=7>1, link2
> > <
> https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/kernel-module-with-multiple-source-files-not-initializing-886190/
> >;,
> > and link3
> > <
> https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-msm-dory-3.10-kitkat-wear/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt> etc.
>
> > but nothings worked out.
> > I also used /nm/ to inspect the module, but, as expected, there was no>
> signs of "__init and __exit" functions can in the output.
>
> To be exact, you are looking for the hello_init function.
> Since "nm" doesn't show it, it's either not there or
> "static".
>
> [ for the nm-output see in the OPs mail ]
> > Can you please help me: what's the problem/mistake I am doing?
> > Thank you very much.
>
> Get rid of the "static" for the hello_init and hello_exit function.
>
> MfG,
>         Bernd
> --
> Bernd Petrovitsch                  Email : bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at
>                      LUGA : http://www.luga.at
>
>

-- 
*Best Regards,*


*Mr. Irfan Ullah*
PhD Candidate
Data and Knowledge Engineering(DKE) Lab
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Kyung Hee University, South Korea.
 +82-010-591-51651 <+82%2010-3877-8867>
  sahibzada.iu@gmail.com
 sahibzada_irfanullah

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Re: Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Bernd Petrovitsch]

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On 28/10/2019 10:43, Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판) wrote:
> Thanks for the help. I have removed the "static" from the hello_init,
> hello_exti but nothing worked. I am not sure, but I think the problem is
> with the make file.

OK, when I add "static" to my driver, it works too. Sry for the confusion.

I have also __init with the init function and __exit with the
exit function.

MfG,
	Bernd
-- 
"I dislike type abstraction if it has no real reason. And saving
on typing is not a good reason - if your typing speed is the main
issue when you're coding, you're doing something seriously wrong."
    - Linus Torvalds

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Re: Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판)]

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my problem still not solved. Thanks for your help.

On Mon, Oct 28, 2019 at 7:04 PM Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
wrote:

> On 28/10/2019 10:43, Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판) wrote:
> > Thanks for the help. I have removed the "static" from the hello_init,
> > hello_exti but nothing worked. I am not sure, but I think the problem is
> > with the make file.
>
> OK, when I add "static" to my driver, it works too. Sry for the confusion.
>
> I have also __init with the init function and __exit with the
> exit function.
>
> MfG,
>         Bernd
> --
> "I dislike type abstraction if it has no real reason. And saving
> on typing is not a good reason - if your typing speed is the main
> issue when you're coding, you're doing something seriously wrong."
>     - Linus Torvalds
>


-- 
*Best Regards,*


*Mr. Irfan Ullah*
PhD Candidate
Data and Knowledge Engineering(DKE) Lab
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Kyung Hee University, South Korea.
 +82-010-591-51651 <+82%2010-3877-8867>
  sahibzada.iu@gmail.com
 sahibzada_irfanullah

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Re: Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Aruna Hewapathirane]

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>> On Fri, Oct 25, 2019 at 5:16 AM Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판) <irfan@dke.khu.ac.kr>
wrote:
>> Dear All,
>> I have developed a kernel module consists of one source file that sends
and receives  message to the user space.  I have spitted the source code in
two files, and now I  am trying to develop kernel module from these source
files. After compiling >> and linking without any problems, I insmod the
module but I didn’t see any of the printk() I wrote, in fact, the module
can be inserted and removed, but it does nothing. Code is in the attached
file zipped file.
>> I tried many things , e.g.,  link <https://paguilar.org/?p=7>1, link2
<https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/kernel-module-with-multiple-source-files-not-initializing-886190/>,
and link3
<https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-msm-dory-3.10-kitkat-wear/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>
etc.
but nothings worked out.
>> I also used *nm* to inspect the module, but, as expected, there was no
signs of "__init and __exit" functions can in the output.

When you take a careful look at make's output we see that
netlink_kernel_module.c
is not being compiled. See below:

aruna@debian:~/Downloads/kmod6$ make
make -C /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/build M=/home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6
modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
  CC [M]  /home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6/netlink_kernel_space.o
  LD [M]  /home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6/netlink_kernel_module.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  CC      /home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6/netlink_kernel_module.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6/netlink_kernel_module.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'

This is why nm does not show hello_init or hello_exit.

>> Can you please help me: what's the problem/mistake I am doing?

Change your Makefile so the module name is not the same as the C source
file. Let's say
we want the module to be named aruna.ko ( make up any name different to the
C source file)

obj-m := aruna.o
aruna-objs := netlink_kernel_module.o netlink_kernel_space.o

and now make shows:

make -C /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/build
M=/home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
  CC [M]  /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/netlink_kernel_module.o  //
<-- THIS TIME IT COMPILES !
  CC [M]  /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/netlink_kernel_space.o
  LD [M]  /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/aruna.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  CC      /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/aruna.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/aruna.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'

and now nm aruna.ko shows:
aruna@debian:~/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm$ nm aruna.ko
0000000000000020 T cleanup_module
0000000000000080 T create_socket
0000000000000040 T data_update
                 U __fentry__
0000000000000020 t hello_exit               // WE HAVE hello_exit
0000000000000000 t hello_init                // WE HAVE hello_init
0000000000000000 T init_module
0000000000000070 T kernel_space_receiver
0000000000000050 T kernel_space_sender
0000000000000053 r __module_depends
0000000000000004 D pid
                 U printk
0000000000000000 D res
0000000000000000 D __this_module
0000000000000000 r __UNIQUE_ID_author2
0000000000000013 r __UNIQUE_ID_description1
0000000000000047 r __UNIQUE_ID_license0
000000000000005c r __UNIQUE_ID_vermagic0
0000000000000000 r ____versions

To get make to do this smoothly you will have to fix the multiple
definition and
other errors I encountered along the way. And something's in your header
file really should belong in a C file :) heed Valdis's advice.

As a learning experience try this Makefile:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
obj-m := aruna.o
aruna-objs := netlink_kernel_module.o netlink_kernel_space.o

SHELL += -x

all:
         make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
        make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

One simple way to enhance the output of GNU Make is to redefine SHELL.
SHELL is a GNU Make built-in variable that contains the name of the shell
to use when
GNU Make executes commands.

Reference:
https://www.cmcrossroads.com/article/tracing-rule-execution-gnu-make

Since most shells have a -x option that causes them to print out each
command they
are about to execute modifying SHELL in a Makefile by appendin -x causes
every command
to be printed (usually preceded by +) as the Makefile is run.

Try:
make clean the make and go through the output can be an enlightening
experience.

Ah the joys of building a kernel module that has more than one source file
:-)--

Good luck - Aruna

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Re: Kernel Module with multiple source files not initializing

[Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판)]

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Thanks a lot. it is working now.

On Wed, Nov 6, 2019 at 1:52 AM Aruna Hewapathirane <
aruna.hewapathirane@gmail.com> wrote:

> >> On Fri, Oct 25, 2019 at 5:16 AM Irfan Ullah (울라 이르판) <
> irfan@dke.khu.ac.kr> wrote:
> >> Dear All,
> >> I have developed a kernel module consists of one source file that sends
> and receives  message to the user space.  I have spitted the source code in
> two files, and now I  am trying to develop kernel module from these source
> files. After compiling >> and linking without any problems, I insmod the
> module but I didn’t see any of the printk() I wrote, in fact, the module
> can be inserted and removed, but it does nothing. Code is in the attached
> file zipped file.
> >> I tried many things , e.g.,  link <https://paguilar.org/?p=7>1, link2
> <https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-kernel-70/kernel-module-with-multiple-source-files-not-initializing-886190/>,
> and link3
> <https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-msm-dory-3.10-kitkat-wear/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt> etc.
> but nothings worked out.
> >> I also used *nm* to inspect the module, but, as expected, there was no
> signs of "__init and __exit" functions can in the output.
>
> When you take a careful look at make's output we see that
> netlink_kernel_module.c
> is not being compiled. See below:
>
> aruna@debian:~/Downloads/kmod6$ make
> make -C /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/build M=/home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6
> modules
> make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
> make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
>   CC [M]  /home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6/netlink_kernel_space.o
>   LD [M]  /home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6/netlink_kernel_module.o
>   Building modules, stage 2.
>   MODPOST 1 modules
>   CC      /home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6/netlink_kernel_module.mod.o
>   LD [M]  /home/aruna/Downloads/kmod6/netlink_kernel_module.ko
> make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
>
> This is why nm does not show hello_init or hello_exit.
>
> >> Can you please help me: what's the problem/mistake I am doing?
>
> Change your Makefile so the module name is not the same as the C source
> file. Let's say
> we want the module to be named aruna.ko ( make up any name different to
> the C source file)
>
> obj-m := aruna.o
> aruna-objs := netlink_kernel_module.o netlink_kernel_space.o
>
> and now make shows:
>
> make -C /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/build
> M=/home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm modules
> make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
> make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
>   CC [M]  /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/netlink_kernel_module.o  //
> <-- THIS TIME IT COMPILES !
>   CC [M]  /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/netlink_kernel_space.o
>   LD [M]  /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/aruna.o
>   Building modules, stage 2.
>   MODPOST 1 modules
>   CC      /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/aruna.mod.o
>   LD [M]  /home/aruna/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm/aruna.ko
> make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-4-amd64'
>
> and now nm aruna.ko shows:
> aruna@debian:~/kmod6/Kernel_User_comm$ nm aruna.ko
> 0000000000000020 T cleanup_module
> 0000000000000080 T create_socket
> 0000000000000040 T data_update
>                  U __fentry__
> 0000000000000020 t hello_exit               // WE HAVE hello_exit
> 0000000000000000 t hello_init                // WE HAVE hello_init
> 0000000000000000 T init_module
> 0000000000000070 T kernel_space_receiver
> 0000000000000050 T kernel_space_sender
> 0000000000000053 r __module_depends
> 0000000000000004 D pid
>                  U printk
> 0000000000000000 D res
> 0000000000000000 D __this_module
> 0000000000000000 r __UNIQUE_ID_author2
> 0000000000000013 r __UNIQUE_ID_description1
> 0000000000000047 r __UNIQUE_ID_license0
> 000000000000005c r __UNIQUE_ID_vermagic0
> 0000000000000000 r ____versions
>
> To get make to do this smoothly you will have to fix the multiple
> definition and
> other errors I encountered along the way. And something's in your header
> file really should belong in a C file :) heed Valdis's advice.
>
> As a learning experience try this Makefile:
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> obj-m := aruna.o
> aruna-objs := netlink_kernel_module.o netlink_kernel_space.o
>
> SHELL += -x
>
> all:
>          make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules
> clean:
>         make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> One simple way to enhance the output of GNU Make is to redefine SHELL.
> SHELL is a GNU Make built-in variable that contains the name of the shell
> to use when
> GNU Make executes commands.
>
> Reference:
> https://www.cmcrossroads.com/article/tracing-rule-execution-gnu-make
>
> Since most shells have a -x option that causes them to print out each
> command they
> are about to execute modifying SHELL in a Makefile by appendin -x causes
> every command
> to be printed (usually preceded by +) as the Makefile is run.
>
> Try:
> make clean the make and go through the output can be an enlightening
> experience.
>
> Ah the joys of building a kernel module that has more than one source file
> :-)--
>
> Good luck - Aruna
>
>

-- 
*Best Regards,*


*Mr. Irfan Ullah*
PhD Candidate
Data and Knowledge Engineering(DKE) Lab
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Kyung Hee University, South Korea.
 +82-010-591-51651 <+82%2010-3877-8867>
  sahibzada.iu@gmail.com
 sahibzada_irfanullah

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