From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: ** X-Spam-Status: No, score=2.8 required=3.0 tests=DKIM_ADSP_CUSTOM_MED, DKIM_INVALID,DKIM_SIGNED,FREEMAIL_FORGED_FROMDOMAIN,FREEMAIL_FROM, HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS,HTML_MESSAGE,MAILING_LIST_MULTI, MIME_HTML_MOSTLY,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,URIBL_BLOCKED autolearn=no autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D5F33C433DF for ; Fri, 19 Jun 2020 05:31:02 +0000 (UTC) Received: from shelob.surriel.com (shelob.surriel.com [96.67.55.147]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 0C14220786 for ; Fri, 19 Jun 2020 05:31:01 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (2048-bit key) header.d=gmail.com header.i=@gmail.com header.b="fAQq61M1" DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.3.2 mail.kernel.org 0C14220786 Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=fail (p=none dis=none) header.from=gmail.com Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=kernelnewbies-bounces@kernelnewbies.org Received: from localhost ([::1] helo=shelob.surriel.com) by shelob.surriel.com with esmtp (Exim 4.94) (envelope-from ) id 1jm9bf-0005Tm-Hc; Fri, 19 Jun 2020 01:30:27 -0400 Received: from mail-qv1-xf2b.google.com ([2607:f8b0:4864:20::f2b]) by shelob.surriel.com with esmtps (TLS1.2) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (Exim 4.94) (envelope-from ) id 1jm9bc-0005Tf-Nf for Kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org; Fri, 19 Jun 2020 01:30:24 -0400 Received: by mail-qv1-xf2b.google.com with SMTP id d12so3937709qvn.0 for ; Thu, 18 Jun 2020 22:30:23 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=4WNuTGhXs2mkFMwUu3T7qaWbMg18xyJ53DiwqO83/1s=; b=fAQq61M16xgl5FBXOV2N3nrn3S0H8yvTJ8OPCgNOUIHiRbvcLoq7obxeDxjuQrStfx rjtl3yBUTr6AE5sk0mEbwilYblPudWlSZDck78bRzEoOLMVZ7aFDCY46Ur2eqt/C1SP6 KkyE7EJBSqxzX10tyRzX9h21VhtAUPnKcSg6wwqwrCCOgapbAnXe1+sbBaYOV5/s6DhF cruN0eWw0U6hizJ2hgtED1TIoG9g9KiTn78VUV55bZh0yaRxXx2Ogdaa7oedAHJ2SKbL QBdLjcaQRDg74nY2ftzbvrobTo+4hQsHF6K+FWPiA6Xf2DxRbVuAaXJzRMRRGi4yWiUY N2Vg== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=4WNuTGhXs2mkFMwUu3T7qaWbMg18xyJ53DiwqO83/1s=; b=W7x9pRvFSY8UcWZAF42p/cy7pb9pqZM1k4mvBWijo4cWNy0yjE36YvMowX/S8ii8sp FMj0aiHwlIg4NXaX0lY6UkdeqAA+fFn2grkZIgL4Uyi+Ru+vBtTAWD4F8XwX3mM7hXxL pmZ2Z5WKSBrGlJeTUDvs9wlLjQsbZMEqRcBajqPK+Bju9BGEIe/rSo5I0WH5vbdspzuy sSzj0uFH4P1ILfBOG/lQ4mhobZZZ+PCLLF3Xm11tbBzQw9JqR4biiTjTW52cowjzgEM3 9UsAN9AO9s2aRVYTuZr+EN/yJpd6LA0df3hnb0MBlDEFZzqsBnkt9XmdubR7dPwu7QKn 8NLg== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM5339TEu0hx49fFiRkv+VfOImZtfWkjr4weQqeDS595teMoBAOekq a/EQvkL0MEgLK4NNWYzvi8yOQfRJREO6RHWL463yvZFFT4uANg== X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJxcH+fGWQeIlr+1NzRAHTJphn8rfodQ4d7FcRf58wCTQJo92CazFnDBDRoeFHZzztl07bFTjXg8upfrVKcj7VE= X-Received: by 2002:ad4:48c8:: with SMTP id v8mr7247814qvx.15.1592544561752; Thu, 18 Jun 2020 22:29:21 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 From: =?UTF-8?B?5a2Z5LiW6b6Z?= Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2020 13:29:09 +0800 Message-ID: Subject: There is a question mark in front of the function name in the call trace log.What does the question mark imply? To: Kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org X-BeenThere: kernelnewbies@kernelnewbies.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: Learn about the Linux kernel List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============4733459861803004962==" Errors-To: kernelnewbies-bounces@kernelnewbies.org --===============4733459861803004962== Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="000000000000e4727105a8692c43" --000000000000e4727105a8692c43 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Hi, I have never seen such a call trace log before: there is a question mark(i.e. symbol of "?") in front of the function name. What does the question mark imply? Here is the related log: [22041.387697] Call Trace: [22041.387711] dump_stack+0x9e/0xc8 [22041.387718] warn_alloc+0x100/0x190 [22041.387725] __alloc_pages_slowpath+0xb93/0xbd0 [22041.387732] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x26d/0x2b0 [22041.387739] alloc_pages_current+0x6a/0xe0 [22041.387744] kmalloc_order+0x18/0x40 [22041.387748] kmalloc_order_trace+0x24/0xb0 [22041.387754] __kmalloc+0x20e/0x230 [22041.387759] ? __vmalloc_node_range+0x171/0x250 [22041.387765] xnheap_init+0x87/0x200 [22041.387770] ? remove_process+0xc0/0xc0 [22041.387775] cobalt_umm_init+0x61/0xb0 [22041.387779] cobalt_process_attach+0x64/0x4c0 [22041.387784] ? snprintf+0x45/0x70 [22041.387790] ? security_capable+0x46/0x60 [22041.387794] bind_personality+0x5a/0x120 [22041.387798] cobalt_bind_core+0x27/0x60 [22041.387803] CoBaLt_bind+0x18a/0x1d0 [22041.387812] ? handle_head_syscall+0x3f0/0x3f0 [22041.387816] ipipe_syscall_hook+0x119/0x340 [22041.387822] __ipipe_notify_syscall+0xd3/0x190 [22041.387827] ? __x64_sys_rt_sigaction+0x7b/0xd0 [22041.387832] ipipe_handle_syscall+0x3e/0xc0 [22041.387837] do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x250 [22041.387842] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 --000000000000e4727105a8692c43 Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi,

I have never seen such a= call trace log before: there is a=C2=A0question mark(i.e. symbol of "= ?")=C2=A0 in front of the function name. What does the question mark i= mply?

Here is the related log:

[22041.3876= 97] Call Trace:

[22041.38771= 1] dump_stack+0x9e/0xc8

[22= 041.387718] warn_alloc+0x100/0x190

[22041.387725] __alloc_pages_slowpath+0xb93/0xbd0

[22041.387732] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x26d= /0x2b0

[22041.387739] alloc= _pages_current+0x6a/0xe0

[22= 041.387744] kmalloc_order+0x18/0x40

[22041.387748] kmalloc_order_trace+0x24/0xb0

[22041.387754] __kmalloc+0x20e/0x230

[22041.387759] ? __vmalloc_node_range= +0x171/0x250=

[22041.387765] = xnheap_init+0x87/0x200

[220= 41.387770] ? remove_process+0xc0/0xc0

[22041.387775] cobalt_umm_init+0x61/0xb0

[22041.387779] cobalt_process_attach+0x64/0x4c0

[22041.387784] ? snprintf+0x= 45/0x70

<= span style=3D"font-size:12pt;font-family:"Courier New",-apple-sys= tem,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,"PingFang SC","Micr= osoft YaHei","Source Han Sans SC","Noto Sans CJK SC&quo= t;,"WenQuanYi Micro Hei",sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:t= ransparent;letter-spacing:0pt;vertical-align:baseline">[22041.387790] ? se= curity_capable+0x46/0x60

[22= 041.387794] bind_personality+0x5a/0x120

[22041.387798] cobalt_bind_core+0x27/0x60

[22041.387803] CoBaLt_bind+0x18a/0x1d0

[22041.387812] ? handle_head_sys= call+0x3f0/0x3f0

[22041.3878= 16] ipipe_syscall_hook+0x119/0x340

[22041.387822] __ipipe_notify_syscall+0xd3/0x190

[22041.387827] ? __x64_sys_rt_sigaction+0x7b= /0xd0=

[22041.387832] ipipe_= handle_syscall+0x3e/0xc0

[22= 041.387837] do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x250

[22041.387842] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9

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