From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-9.8 required=3.0 tests=DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID, HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS,INCLUDES_PATCH,MAILING_LIST_MULTI,SIGNED_OFF_BY, SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,USER_AGENT_GIT autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9F4B8C432C0 for ; Wed, 20 Nov 2019 18:24:53 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [209.132.180.67]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 640D520878 for ; Wed, 20 Nov 2019 18:24:53 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=osandov-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.i=@osandov-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com header.b="nyuH4pxk" Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1728209AbfKTSYw (ORCPT ); Wed, 20 Nov 2019 13:24:52 -0500 Received: from mail-pf1-f195.google.com ([209.85.210.195]:36972 "EHLO mail-pf1-f195.google.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1727915AbfKTSYw (ORCPT ); Wed, 20 Nov 2019 13:24:52 -0500 Received: by mail-pf1-f195.google.com with SMTP id p24so145144pfn.4 for ; Wed, 20 Nov 2019 10:24:50 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=osandov-com.20150623.gappssmtp.com; s=20150623; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to:references :mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=yONqXE/ZzZ3UHCn/pHjqPw1n04MfzutYZUQfl0J7kV8=; b=nyuH4pxkmcthI3U1da1IboUnNNmwnt/Lz9Guaw3nuEMvn1s+FZN19a+paXm+bpCut7 8uH0ne3LzPElbqpjz1RSsSl1XvbB32r+MY0LY83J6uBx+Ie5Io/g8iL9v9fIk7NSClAB MxK6j6ZYX7MpzxaK5oFhYvEz7eLJ8r5HvWh53auVjIHBwcQA/WreqqgeMr7FHvUyjmcZ w/DYY++4wtJcov3AvKpCKinQUWDN6N32gTY5YYGzKx9yo1B8QAtGq3z8gdzEWCB1oVPL dQly2CL4WK+7Uq+cgUQH8mhKHP0blMKXmSb1rL4bTHIAn/y5E6Xkol9Lfum6p1bOidJl GfZA== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to :references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=yONqXE/ZzZ3UHCn/pHjqPw1n04MfzutYZUQfl0J7kV8=; b=O38aiI6cHGe0SLivEltZucls5B11qnXaYrMbfCIKngigxO1bTlK4tE1qpn7vc8+QoR CJi3S+GYWQiEUEqiezCiAnBb2tgMMdci3+EinHS3EC0qznVxpFjENImBcTBO7WGqdhUJ s89a/K/lWu6cY8WGLdfR3VJC2Y/tZzbKZsoJvkPGYBu+Yble+LZ+kR0ubNFS9MB1utvx rumIjKL3BPHmg1I9QRl4sH78QCOS6DU94yCUa3a8tVwy8SHgVaDABq2N6uoPrOKVbulh JwwdA+xrFVJbaCdWjhTQFRm3WGTv0elwq6cPK+rLwyQ7O6DtPrJjWZFK6cJPaHoJFTeM kLHA== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAWtkGXmYXt5A30Rd/XFjGj80Fk6UUKi3nBIVY/zUvzXT/Jqwiyy kbKf3tsYHCZ655oCQlfSqhbSQQ== X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqwPrCNhnnUwsu+TaAZ6UojdpAzc6BUtV4rd4hSw+NW1U4rd6BhqnbQU22NYeoexbrI2wBqJCA== X-Received: by 2002:aa7:9467:: with SMTP id t7mr5787937pfq.142.1574274289330; Wed, 20 Nov 2019 10:24:49 -0800 (PST) Received: from vader.thefacebook.com ([2620:10d:c090:180::1a46]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id q34sm7937866pjb.15.2019.11.20.10.24.48 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Wed, 20 Nov 2019 10:24:48 -0800 (PST) From: Omar Sandoval To: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org Cc: Dave Chinner , Jann Horn , Amir Goldstein , Aleksa Sarai , linux-api@vger.kernel.org, kernel-team@fb.com Subject: [PATCH man-pages v2] Document encoded I/O Date: Wed, 20 Nov 2019 10:24:19 -0800 Message-Id: <4d5bf2e4c2a22a6c195c79e0ae09a4475f1f9bdc.1574274173.git.osandov@fb.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.24.0 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Sender: linux-btrfs-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org From: Omar Sandoval This adds a new page, encoded_io(7), providing an overview of encoded I/O and updates fcntl(2), open(2), and preadv2(2)/pwritev2(2) to reference it. Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval --- man2/fcntl.2 | 10 +- man2/open.2 | 13 ++ man2/readv.2 | 64 ++++++++++ man7/encoded_io.7 | 308 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 394 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 man7/encoded_io.7 diff --git a/man2/fcntl.2 b/man2/fcntl.2 index fce4f4c2b..a9a4c0776 100644 --- a/man2/fcntl.2 +++ b/man2/fcntl.2 @@ -222,8 +222,9 @@ On Linux, this command can change only the .BR O_ASYNC , .BR O_DIRECT , .BR O_NOATIME , +.BR O_NONBLOCK , and -.B O_NONBLOCK +.B O_ALLOW_ENCODED flags. It is not possible to change the .BR O_DSYNC @@ -1803,6 +1804,13 @@ Attempted to clear the flag on a file that has the append-only attribute set. .TP .B EPERM +Attempted to set the +.B O_ALLOW_ENCODED +flag and the calling process did not have the +.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN +capability. +.TP +.B EPERM .I cmd was .BR F_ADD_SEALS , diff --git a/man2/open.2 b/man2/open.2 index b0f485b41..a68576d31 100644 --- a/man2/open.2 +++ b/man2/open.2 @@ -421,6 +421,14 @@ was followed by a call to .BR fdatasync (2)). .IR "See NOTES below" . .TP +.B O_ALLOW_ENCODED +Open the file with encoded I/O permissions; +see +.BR encoded_io (7). +The caller must have the +.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN +capability. +.TP .B O_EXCL Ensure that this call creates the file: if this flag is specified in conjunction with @@ -1168,6 +1176,11 @@ did not match the owner of the file and the caller was not privileged. The operation was prevented by a file seal; see .BR fcntl (2). .TP +.B EPERM +The +.B O_ALLOW_ENCODED +flag was specified, but the caller was not privileged. +.TP .B EROFS .I pathname refers to a file on a read-only filesystem and write access was diff --git a/man2/readv.2 b/man2/readv.2 index af27aa63e..8b5458023 100644 --- a/man2/readv.2 +++ b/man2/readv.2 @@ -265,6 +265,11 @@ the data is always appended to the end of the file. However, if the .I offset argument is \-1, the current file offset is updated. +.TP +.BR RWF_ENCODED " (since Linux 5.7)" +Read or write encoded (e.g., compressed) data. +See +.BR encoded_io (7). .SH RETURN VALUE On success, .BR readv (), @@ -284,6 +289,13 @@ than requested (see and .BR write (2)). .PP +If +.B +RWF_ENCODED +was specified in +.IR flags , +then the return value is the number of encoded bytes. +.PP On error, \-1 is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set appropriately. .SH ERRORS The errors are as given for @@ -314,6 +326,58 @@ is less than zero or greater than the permitted maximum. .TP .B EOPNOTSUPP An unknown flag is specified in \fIflags\fP. +.TP +.B EOPNOTSUPP +.B RWF_ENCODED +is specified in +.I flags +and the filesystem does not implement encoded I/O. +.TP +.B EPERM +.B RWF_ENCODED +is specified in +.I flags +and the file was not opened with the +.B O_ALLOW_ENCODED +flag. +.PP +.BR preadv2 () +can fail for the following reasons: +.TP +.B E2BIG +.B RWF_ENCODED +is specified in +.I flags +and +.I iov[0] +is not large enough to return the encoding metadata. +.TP +.B ENOBUFS +.B RWF_ENCODED +is specified in +.I flags +and the buffers in +.I iov +are not big enough to return the encoded data. +.PP +.BR pwritev2 () +can fail for the following reasons: +.TP +.B E2BIG +.B RWF_ENCODED +is specified in +.I flags +and +.I iov[0] +contains non-zero fields +after the kernel's +.IR "sizeof(struct\ encoded_iov)" . +.TP +.B EINVAL +.B RWF_ENCODED +is specified in +.I flags +and the alignment and/or size requirements are not met. .SH VERSIONS .BR preadv () and diff --git a/man7/encoded_io.7 b/man7/encoded_io.7 new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7be264f6b --- /dev/null +++ b/man7/encoded_io.7 @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 2019 by Omar Sandoval +.\" +.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM) +.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +.\" preserved on all copies. +.\" +.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the +.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +.\" permission notice identical to this one. +.\" +.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this +.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no +.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from +.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not +.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual, +.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working +.\" professionally. +.\" +.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by +.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work. +.\" %%%LICENSE_END +.\" +.\" +.TH ENCODED_IO 7 2019-10-14 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual" +.SH NAME +encoded_io \- overview of encoded I/O +.SH DESCRIPTION +Several filesystems (e.g., Btrfs) support transparent encoding +(e.g., compression, encryption) of data on disk: +written data is encoded by the kernel before it is written to disk, +and read data is decoded before being returned to the user. +In some cases, it is useful to skip this encoding step. +For example, the user may want to read the compressed contents of a file +or write pre-compressed data directly to a file. +This is referred to as "encoded I/O". +.SS Encoded I/O API +Encoded I/O is specified with the +.B RWF_ENCODED +flag to +.BR preadv2 (2) +and +.BR pwritev2 (2). +If +.B RWF_ENCODED +is specified, then +.I iov[0].iov_base +points to an +.I +encoded_iov +structure, defined in +.I +as: +.PP +.in +4n +.EX +struct encoded_iov { + __aligned_u64 len; + __aligned_u64 unencoded_len; + __aligned_u64 unencoded_offset; + __u32 compression; + __u32 encryption; +}; +.EE +.in +.PP +This may be extended in the future, so +.I iov[0].iov_len +must be set to +.I "sizeof(struct\ encoded_iov)" +for forward/backward compatibility. +The remaining buffers contain the encoded data. +.PP +.I compression +and +.I encryption +are the encoding fields. +.I compression +is one of +.B ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_NONE +(zero), +.BR ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_ZLIB , +.BR ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_LZO , +or +.BR ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_ZSTD . +.I encryption +is currently always +.B ENCODED_IOV_ENCRYPTION_NONE +(zero). +.PP +.I unencoded_len +is the length of the unencoded (i.e., decrypted and decompressed) data. +.I unencoded_offset +is the offset into the unencoded data where the data in the file begins +(strictly less than +.IR unencoded_len ). +.I len +is the length of the data in the file. +.PP +In most cases, +.I len +is equal to +.I unencoded_len +and +.I unencoded_offset +is zero. +However, it may be necessary to refer to a subset of the unencoded data, +usually because a read occurred in the middle of an encoded extent, +because part of an extent was overwritten or deallocated in some +way (e.g., with +.BR write (2), +.BR truncate (2), +or +.BR fallocate (2)) +or because part of an extent was added to the file (e.g., with +.BR ioctl_ficlonerange (2) +or +.BR ioctl_fideduperange (2)). +For example, if +.I len +is 300, +.I unencoded_len +is 1000, +and +.I unencoded_offset +is 600, +then the encoded data is 1000 bytes long when decoded, +of which only the 300 bytes starting at offset 600 are used; +the first 600 and last 100 bytes should be ignored. +.PP +Additionally, +.I len +may be greater than +.I unencoded_len +- +.IR unencoded_offset; +in this case, the data in the file is longer than the unencoded data, +and the difference is zero-filled. +.PP +If the unencoded data is actually longer than +.IR unencoded_len , +then it is truncated; +if it is shorter, then it is extended with zeroes. +.PP +For +.BR pwritev2 (), +the metadata should be specified in +.IR iov[0] . +If +.I iov[0].iov_len +is less than +.I "sizeof(struct\ encoded_iov)" +in the kernel, +then any fields unknown to userspace are treated as if they were zero; +if it is greater and any fields unknown to the kernel are non-zero, +then this returns -1 and sets +.I errno +to +.BR E2BIG . +The encoded data should be passed in the remaining buffers. +This returns the number of encoded bytes written (that is, the sum of +.I iov[n].iov_len +for 1 <= +.I n +< +.IR iovcnt ; +partial writes will not occur). +If the +.I offset +argument to +.BR pwritev2 () +is -1, then the file offset is incremented by +.IR len . +At least one encoding field must be non-zero. +Note that the encoded data is not validated when it is written; +if it is not valid (e.g., it cannot be decompressed), +then a subsequent read may return an error. +.PP +For +.BR preadv2 (), +the metadata is returned in +.IR iov[0] . +If +.I iov[0].iov_len +is less than +.I "sizeof(struct\ encoded_iov)" +in the kernel and any fields unknown to userspace are non-zero, +then this returns -1 and sets +.I errno +to +.BR E2BIG ; +if it is greater, +then any fields unknown to the kernel are returned as zero. +The encoded data is returned in the remaining buffers. +If the provided buffers are not large enough to return an entire encoded +extent, +then this returns -1 and sets +.I errno +to +.BR ENOBUFS . +This returns the number of encoded bytes read. +Note that a return value of zero does not indicate end of file; +one should refer to +.I len +(for example, a hole in the file has a non-zero +.I len +but a zero return value). +A +.I len +of zero indicates end of file. +If the +.I offset +argument to +.BR preadv2 () +is -1, then the file offset is incremented by +.IR len . +This will only return one encoded extent per call. +This can also read data which is not encoded; +all encoding fields will be zero in that case. +.SS Security +Encoded I/O creates the potential for some security issues: +.IP * 3 +Encoded writes allow writing arbitrary data which the kernel will decode on +a subsequent read. Decompression algorithms are complex and may have bugs +which can be exploited by maliciously crafted data. +.IP * +Encoded reads may return data which is not logically present in the file +(see the discussion of +.I len +vs. +.I unencoded_len +above). +It may not be intended for this data to be readable. +.PP +Therefore, encoded I/O requires privilege. +Namely, the +.B RWF_ENCODED +flag may only be used when the file was opened with the +.B O_ALLOW_ENCODED +flag to +.BR open (2), +which requires the +.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN +capability. +.B O_ALLOW_ENCODED +may be set and cleared with +.BR fcntl (2). +Note that it is not cleared on +.BR fork (2) +or +.BR execve (2); +one may wish to use +.B O_CLOEXEC +with +.BR O_ALLOW_ENCODED . +.SS Filesystem support +Encoded I/O is supported on the following filesystems: +.TP +Btrfs (since Linux 5.7) +.IP +Btrfs supports encoded reads and writes of compressed data. +The data is encoded as follows: +.RS +.IP * 3 +If +.I compression +is +.BR ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_ZLIB , +then the encoded data is a single zlib stream. +.IP * +If +.I compression +is +.BR ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_LZO , +then the encoded data is compressed page by page with LZO1X +and wrapped in the format documented in the Linux kernel source file +.IR fs/btrfs/lzo.c . +.IP * +If +.I compression +is +.BR ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_ZSTD , +then the encoded data is a single zstd frame compressed with the +.I windowLog +compression parameter set to no more than 17. +.RE +.IP +Additionally, there are some restrictions on +.BR pwritev2 (): +.RS +.IP * 3 +.I offset +(or the current file offset if +.I offset +is -1) must be aligned to the sector size of the filesystem. +.IP * +.I len +must be aligned to the sector size of the filesystem +unless the data ends at or beyond the current end of the file. +.IP * +.I unencoded_len +and the length of the encoded data must each be no more than 128 KiB. +This limit may increase in the future. +.IP * +The length of the encoded data must be less than or equal to +.IR unencoded_len . +.RE -- 2.24.0