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[209.85.167.43]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id y3sm3396785lfh.97.2019.09.30.14.38.01 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Mon, 30 Sep 2019 14:38:01 -0700 (PDT) Received: by mail-lf1-f43.google.com with SMTP id u28so8200101lfc.5 for ; Mon, 30 Sep 2019 14:38:01 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 2002:ac2:47f8:: with SMTP id b24mr12877392lfp.134.1569879480494; Mon, 30 Sep 2019 14:38:00 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <20190925161255.1871-1-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> <20190925161255.1871-19-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> <3e5347a2-9aa7-bffb-2343-42eda87a6c83@free.fr> In-Reply-To: <3e5347a2-9aa7-bffb-2343-42eda87a6c83@free.fr> From: Linus Torvalds Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2019 14:37:44 -0700 X-Gmail-Original-Message-ID: Message-ID: Subject: Re: France didn't want GSM encryption To: Marc Gonzalez Cc: Pascal Van Leeuwen , Linux Crypto Mailing List , Linux ARM Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Sender: linux-crypto-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org On Mon, Sep 30, 2019 at 4:14 AM Marc Gonzalez wrote: > > Two statements above have raised at least one of my eyebrows. > > 1) France has laws that require backdoors. No. But France has a long history on being bad on encryption policies. They've gotten better, thankfully. France was one of the countries that had laws against strong encryption back in the 90s. It got better in the early 2000s, but there's a long history - and still a push - for some very questionable practices. It was just a couple of years ago that the had discussions about mandatory backdoors for encryption in France. Look it up. Are there other countries that have worse track records? Yes. And in the west, the US (and Australia) have had similar issues. But when it comes to Western Europe, France has been a particular problem spot. And I wanted to point out that it's not always the obvious problem countries (ie Middle East, China) that everybody points to. > 2) France did not want GSM encryption. I'm pretty sure that France had the encryption bit off at least during the 90's. GSM A5/1 isn't great, but as part of the spec there is also A5/0. No, it's not used in the West any more. France was also at least at one time considered a hotbed of industrial espionage by other European countries. And the US. You can try to google for it, but you won't find all that much from the bad old days. You can find _some_ stuff still.. https://apnews.com/4206823c63d58fd956f26fd5efc9a777 but basically French intelligence agencies have been accused of extensive industrial espionage for French companies over the years. Anyway, I'm not trying to point to France as some kind of "worst of the worst". I literally picked it as an example because people generally _don't_ think of Western European countries as having encryption issues, and don't generally associate them with industrial espionage. But there really is a history even there. Linus