From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-16.8 required=3.0 tests=BAYES_00, HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS,INCLUDES_CR_TRAILER,INCLUDES_PATCH, MAILING_LIST_MULTI,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS,USER_AGENT_GIT autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B6891C43460 for ; Thu, 6 May 2021 07:58:28 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8789F613BA for ; Thu, 6 May 2021 07:58:28 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S233548AbhEFH7Z (ORCPT ); Thu, 6 May 2021 03:59:25 -0400 Received: from mail.loongson.cn ([114.242.206.163]:42730 "EHLO loongson.cn" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-FAIL) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S233602AbhEFH7Z (ORCPT ); Thu, 6 May 2021 03:59:25 -0400 Received: from localhost.localdomain (unknown [112.3.197.94]) by mail.loongson.cn (Coremail) with SMTP id AQAAf9AxnciWoZNgtq0SAA--.24213S4; Thu, 06 May 2021 15:58:20 +0800 (CST) From: Yanteng Si To: corbet@lwn.net Cc: Yanteng Si , alexs@kernel.org, chenhuacai@kernel.org, jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, realpuyuwang@gmail.com, bobwxc@email.cn, siyanteng01@gmail.com, huangjianghui@uniontech.com Subject: [PATCH v5 2/3] docs/zh_CN: add core-api printk-basics.rst translation Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 15:58:58 +0800 Message-Id: <28dec8cdf8d2474b8cc9cbd7606e3d2c4b3a2d6a.1620286208.git.siyanteng@loongson.cn> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.27.0 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-CM-TRANSID: AQAAf9AxnciWoZNgtq0SAA--.24213S4 X-Coremail-Antispam: 1UD129KBjvJXoWxtr1rtFyUCF1UCw1kuFyxGrg_yoWxAF4Upr n3GryxJF4DJryUZr4DJFyDJr1UGFy8A3WUK3Wvyry0qF1UAr4UAw4UJryrJryUGryUAryU JF1DJr1UJr10yrUanT9S1TB71UUUUUUqnTZGkaVYY2UrUUUUjbIjqfuFe4nvWSU5nxnvy2 9KBjDU0xBIdaVrnRJUUUPj14x267AKxVWrJVCq3wAFc2x0x2IEx4CE42xK8VAvwI8IcIk0 rVWrJVCq3wAFIxvE14AKwVWUJVWUGwA2048vs2IY020E87I2jVAFwI0_Jryl82xGYIkIc2 x26xkF7I0E14v26r4j6ryUM28lY4IEw2IIxxk0rwA2F7IY1VAKz4vEj48ve4kI8wA2z4x0 Y4vE2Ix0cI8IcVAFwI0_Xr0_Ar1l84ACjcxK6xIIjxv20xvEc7CjxVAFwI0_Gr1j6F4UJw A2z4x0Y4vEx4A2jsIE14v26F4UJVW0owA2z4x0Y4vEx4A2jsIEc7CjxVAFwI0_GcCE3s1l e2I262IYc4CY6c8Ij28IcVAaY2xG8wAqx4xG64xvF2IEw4CE5I8CrVC2j2WlYx0E2Ix0cI 8IcVAFwI0_Jr0_Jr4lYx0Ex4A2jsIE14v26r1j6r4UMcvjeVCFs4IE7xkEbVWUJVW8JwAC jcxG0xvY0x0EwIxGrwACjI8F5VA0II8E6IAqYI8I648v4I1lFIxGxcIEc7CjxVA2Y2ka0x kIwI1l42xK82IYc2Ij64vIr41l4I8I3I0E4IkC6x0Yz7v_Jr0_Gr1lx2IqxVAqx4xG67AK xVWUJVWUGwC20s026x8GjcxK67AKxVWUGVWUWwC2zVAF1VAY17CE14v26r1q6r43MIIYrx kI7VAKI48JMIIF0xvE2Ix0cI8IcVAFwI0_Jr0_JF4lIxAIcVC0I7IYx2IY6xkF7I0E14v2 6r4j6F4UMIIF0xvE42xK8VAvwI8IcIk0rVWUJVWUCwCI42IY6I8E87Iv67AKxVWUJVW8Jw CI42IY6I8E87Iv6xkF7I0E14v26r4j6r4UJbIYCTnIWIevJa73UjIFyTuYvjfU8BMNUUUU U X-CM-SenderInfo: pvl1t0pwhqwqxorr0wxvrqhubq/ Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org This patch translates Documentation/core-api/printk-basics.rst into Chinese. Signed-off-by: Yanteng Si Reviewed-by: Wu XiangCheng Reviewed-by: Alex Shi --- .../translations/zh_CN/core-api/index.rst | 2 +- .../zh_CN/core-api/printk-basics.rst | 111 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/core-api/printk-basics.rst diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/core-api/index.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/core-api/index.rst index 60e1566d57eb..5ecb23e3ba8c 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/core-api/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/core-api/index.rst @@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ :maxdepth: 1 kernel-api + printk-basics Todolist: workqueue - printk-basics printk-formats symbol-namespaces diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/core-api/printk-basics.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/core-api/printk-basics.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..054261c3fd44 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/core-api/printk-basics.rst @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst + +:Original: Documentation/core-api/printk-basics.rst +:Translator: Yanteng Si + +.. _cn_printk-basics.rst: + + +================== +使用printk记录消息 +================== + +printk()是Linux内核中最广为人知的函数之一。它是我们打印消息的标准工具，通常也是追踪和调试 +的最基本方法。如果你熟悉printf(3)，你就能够知道printk()是基于它的，尽管它在功能上有一些不 +同之处: + + - printk() 消息可以指定日志级别。 + + - 格式字符串虽然与C99基本兼容，但并不遵循完全相同的规范。它有一些扩展和一些限制（没 + 有 ``%n`` 或浮点转换指定符）。参见:ref: `如何正确地获得printk格式指定符` 。 + +所有的printk()消息都会被打印到内核日志缓冲区，这是一个通过/dev/kmsg输出到用户空间的环 +形缓冲区。读取它的通常方法是使用 ``dmesg`` 。 + +printk()的用法通常是这样的:: + + printk(KERN_INFO "Message: %s\n", arg); + +其中 ``KERN_INFO`` 是日志级别（注意，它与格式字符串连在一起，日志级别不是一个单独的参数）。 +可用的日志级别是： + + ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| 名称 | 字符串 | 别名函数 | ++================+========+===============================================+ +| KERN_EMERG | "0" | pr_emerg() | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_ALERT | "1" | pr_alert() | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_CRIT | "2" | pr_crit() | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_ERR | "3" | pr_err() | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_WARNING | "4" | pr_warn() | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_NOTICE | "5" | pr_notice() | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_INFO | "6" | pr_info() | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_DEBUG | "7" | pr_debug() and pr_devel() 若定义了DEBUG | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_DEFAULT | "" | | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ +| KERN_CONT | "c" | pr_cont() | ++----------------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+ + + +日志级别指定了一条消息的重要性。内核根据日志级别和当前 *console_loglevel* （一个内核变量）决 +定是否立即显示消息（将其打印到当前控制台）。如果消息的优先级比 *console_loglevel* 高（日志级 +别值较低），消息将被打印到控制台。 + +如果省略了日志级别，则以 ``KERN_DEFAULT`` 级别打印消息。 + +你可以用以下方法检查当前的 *console_loglevel* :: + + $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/printk + 4 4 1 7 + +结果显示了 *current*, *default*, *minimum* 和 *boot-time-default* 日志级别 + +要改变当前的 console_loglevel，只需在 ``/proc/sys/kernel/printk`` 中写入所需的 +级别。例如，要打印所有的消息到控制台上:: + + # echo 8 > /proc/sys/kernel/printk + +另一种方式，使用 ``dmesg``:: + + # dmesg -n 5 + +设置 console_loglevel 打印 KERN_WARNING (4) 或更严重的消息到控制台。更多消息参 +见 ``dmesg(1)`` 。 + +作为printk()的替代方案，你可以使用 ``pr_*()`` 别名来记录日志。这个系列的宏在宏名中 +嵌入了日志级别。例如:: + + pr_info("Info message no. %d\n", msg_num); + +打印 ``KERN_INFO`` 消息。 + +除了比等效的printk()调用更简洁之外，它们还可以通过pr_fmt()宏为格式字符串使用一个通用 +的定义。例如，在源文件的顶部（在任何 ``#include`` 指令之前）定义这样的内容。:: + + #define pr_fmt(fmt) "%s:%s: " fmt, KBUILD_MODNAME, __func__ + +会在该文件中的每一条 pr_*() 消息前加上发起该消息的模块和函数名称。 + +为了调试，还有两个有条件编译的宏： +pr_debug()和pr_devel()，除非定义了 ``DEBUG`` (或者在pr_debug()的情况下定义了 +``CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG`` )，否则它们会被编译。 + + +函数接口 +======== + +.. kernel-doc:: kernel/printk/printk.c + :functions: printk + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/printk.h + :functions: pr_emerg pr_alert pr_crit pr_err pr_warn pr_notice pr_info + pr_fmt pr_debug pr_devel pr_cont -- 2.27.0