On 9/23/22 14:19, Kees Cook wrote: >> But currently, PAE is not even enabled in the i386_defconfig, and >> defaults to off. This means people that are unaware of this won't >> enable it, and will be running without NX support. > And they all make me cry. ;) It's been like that for a long time, presumably because the defconfig should *boot* in as many cases as possible. It wouldn't be hard to change. It also wouldn't be hard to default to HIGHMEM4G (non-PAE) on targeted builds for CPUs that don't support it. Patch attached to do that, if anyone else has an opinion. We should probably just leave i386 alone, but it breaks my heart to see Kees in tears.