[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 0/2] f2fs-tools: add 'copy' command to f2fs_io

[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 0/2] f2fs-tools: add 'copy' command to f2fs_io

[Eric Biggers]

Add a copy command to f2fs_io, to allow testing direct I/O writes where
the source page is from a different file (mmap) or an internal kernel
page (sendfile).  It could be useful for other tests in the future too.

Eric Biggers (2):
  f2fs_io: add helper functions for handling errors
  f2fs_io: add copy command

 tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c | 363 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 229 insertions(+), 134 deletions(-)

-- 
2.23.0.581.g78d2f28ef7-goog



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[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 1/2] f2fs_io: add helper functions for handling errors

[Eric Biggers]

From: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>

Add and use helper functions for:

- Printing an error message (optionally with errno) and exiting.
- Allocating memory, exiting on error.
- Opening a file, exiting on error.

Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
---
 tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c | 255 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 121 insertions(+), 134 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c b/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
index add40c4..f5493ff 100644
--- a/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
+++ b/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
@@ -19,18 +19,21 @@
 #define O_LARGEFILE 0
 #endif
 
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <termios.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
@@ -45,6 +48,63 @@ struct cmd_desc {
 	int cmd_flags;
 };
 
+static void __attribute__((noreturn))
+do_die(const char *format, va_list va, int err)
+{
+	vfprintf(stderr, format, va);
+	if (err)
+		fprintf(stderr, ": %s", strerror(err));
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void __attribute__((noreturn, format(printf, 1, 2)))
+die_errno(const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list va;
+
+	va_start(va, format);
+	do_die(format, va, errno);
+	va_end(va);
+}
+
+static void __attribute__((noreturn, format(printf, 1, 2)))
+die(const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list va;
+
+	va_start(va, format);
+	do_die(format, va, 0);
+	va_end(va);
+}
+
+static void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	void *p = malloc(size);
+
+	if (!p)
+		die("Memory alloc failed (requested %zu bytes)", size);
+	return p;
+}
+
+static void *aligned_xalloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
+{
+	void *p = aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
+
+	if (!p)
+		die("Memory alloc failed (requested %zu bytes)", size);
+	return p;
+}
+
+static int xopen(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode)
+{
+	int fd = open(pathname, flags, mode);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("Failed to open %s", pathname);
+	return fd;
+}
+
 #define getflags_desc "getflags ioctl"
 #define getflags_help						\
 "f2fs_io getflags [file]\n\n"					\
@@ -66,12 +126,7 @@ static void do_getflags(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
-	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	fd = xopen(argv[1], O_RDONLY, 0);
 
 	ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flag);
 	printf("get a flag on %s ret=%d, flags=", argv[1], ret);
@@ -117,17 +172,12 @@ static void do_setflags(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
-	fd = open(argv[2], O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	fd = xopen(argv[2], O_RDONLY, 0);
 
 	ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flag);
 	printf("get a flag on %s ret=%d, flags=%lx\n", argv[1], ret, flag);
 	if (ret)
-		exit(1);
+		die_errno("F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS failed");
 
 	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "casefold"))
 		flag |= FS_CASEFOLD_FL;
@@ -169,18 +219,12 @@ static void do_shutdown(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
 		exit(1);
 	}
-	fd = open(argv[2], O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	fd = xopen(argv[2], O_RDONLY, 0);
 
 	ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_SHUTDOWN, &flag);
-	if (ret < 0) {
-		perror("F2FS_IOC_SHUTDOWN");
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if (ret < 0)
+		die_errno("F2FS_IOC_SHUTDOWN failed");
+
 	printf("Shutdown %s with level=%d\n", argv[2], flag);
 	exit(0);
 }
@@ -201,35 +245,26 @@ static void do_pinfile(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
-	fd = open(argv[2], O_RDWR);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	fd = xopen(argv[2], O_RDWR, 0);
 
 	ret = -1;
 	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "set")) {
 		pin = 1;
 		ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_SET_PIN_FILE, &pin);
-		if (ret != 0) {
-			perror("set_pin_file failed");
-			exit(1);
-		}
+		if (ret != 0)
+			die_errno("F2FS_IOC_SET_PIN_FILE failed");
 		printf("set_pin_file: %u blocks moved in %s\n", ret, argv[2]);
 	} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "get")) {
 		unsigned int flags;
 
 		ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_GET_PIN_FILE, &pin);
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			perror("pin_file failed");
-			exit(1);
-		}
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("F2FS_IOC_GET_PIN_FILE failed");
+
 		ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flags);
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			perror("get flags failed");
-			exit(1);
-		}
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS failed");
+
 		printf("get_pin_file: %s with %u blocks moved in %s\n",
 				(flags & F2FS_NOCOW_FL) ? "pinned" : "un-pinned",
 				pin, argv[2]);
@@ -262,21 +297,14 @@ static void do_fallocate(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 	offset = atoi(argv[2]);
 	length = atoi(argv[3]);
 
-	fd = open(argv[4], O_RDWR);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	fd = xopen(argv[4], O_RDWR, 0);
+
+	if (fallocate(fd, mode, offset, length) != 0)
+		die_errno("fallocate failed");
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &sb) != 0)
+		die_errno("fstat failed");
 
-	if (fallocate(fd, mode, offset, length)) {
-		fputs("fallocate failed\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
-	if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
-		fputs("Stat failed\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
 	printf("fallocated a file: i_size=%"PRIu64", i_blocks=%"PRIu64"\n", sb.st_size, sb.st_blocks);
 	exit(0);
 }
@@ -311,41 +339,27 @@ static void do_write(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 	}
 
 	bs = atoi(argv[1]);
-	if (bs > 1024) {
-		fputs("Too big chunk size - limit: 4MB\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if (bs > 1024)
+		die("Too big chunk size - limit: 4MB");
+
 	buf_size = bs * 4096;
 
 	offset = atoi(argv[2]) * buf_size;
 
-	buf = aligned_alloc(4096, buf_size);
-	if (!buf) {
-		fputs("Memory alloc failed\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	buf = aligned_xalloc(4096, buf_size);
 	count = atoi(argv[3]);
 
-	if (!strcmp(argv[4], "zero")) {
+	if (!strcmp(argv[4], "zero"))
 		memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
-	} else if (strcmp(argv[4], "inc_num") &&
-			strcmp(argv[4], "rand")) {
-		fputs("Wrong pattern type\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	else if (strcmp(argv[4], "inc_num") && strcmp(argv[4], "rand"))
+		die("Wrong pattern type");
 
-	if (!strcmp(argv[5], "dio")) {
+	if (!strcmp(argv[5], "dio"))
 		flags |= O_DIRECT;
-	} else if (strcmp(argv[5], "buffered")) {
-		fputs("Wrong IO type\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	else if (strcmp(argv[5], "buffered"))
+		die("Wrong IO type");
 
-	fd = open(argv[6], O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | flags, 0755);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	fd = xopen(argv[6], O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | flags, 0755);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		if (!strcmp(argv[4], "inc_num"))
@@ -389,43 +403,27 @@ static void do_read(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 	}
 
 	bs = atoi(argv[1]);
-	if (bs > 1024) {
-		fputs("Too big chunk size - limit: 4MB\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if (bs > 1024)
+		die("Too big chunk size - limit: 4MB");
 	buf_size = bs * 4096;
 
 	offset = atoi(argv[2]) * buf_size;
 
-	buf = aligned_alloc(4096, buf_size);
-	if (!buf) {
-		fputs("Memory alloc failed\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	buf = aligned_xalloc(4096, buf_size);
+
 	count = atoi(argv[3]);
-	if (!strcmp(argv[4], "dio")) {
+	if (!strcmp(argv[4], "dio"))
 		flags |= O_DIRECT;
-	} else if (strcmp(argv[4], "buffered")) {
-		fputs("Wrong IO type\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	else if (strcmp(argv[4], "buffered"))
+		die("Wrong IO type");
 
 	print_bytes = atoi(argv[5]);
-	if (print_bytes > buf_size) {
-		fputs("Print_nbytes should be less then chunk_size in kb\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
-	print_buf = malloc(print_bytes);
-	if (!print_buf) {
-		fputs("Memory alloc failed\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if (print_bytes > buf_size)
+		die("Print_nbytes should be less then chunk_size in kb");
 
-	fd = open(argv[6], O_RDONLY | flags);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	print_buf = xmalloc(print_bytes);
+
+	fd = xopen(argv[6], O_RDONLY | flags, 0);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		ret = pread(fd, buf, buf_size, offset + buf_size * i);
@@ -480,20 +478,15 @@ static void do_fiemap(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 	offset = atoi(argv[1]);
 	count = atoi(argv[2]);
 
-	fd = open(argv[3], O_RDONLY | O_LARGEFILE);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	fd = xopen(argv[3], O_RDONLY | O_LARGEFILE, 0);
 
 	printf("Fiemap: offset = %08"PRIx64" len = %d\n", offset, count);
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		blknum = offset + i;
 
-		if (ioctl(fd, FIBMAP, &blknum) < 0) {
-			fputs("FIBMAP failed\n\n", stderr);
-			exit(1);
-		}
+		if (ioctl(fd, FIBMAP, &blknum) < 0)
+			die_errno("FIBMAP failed");
+
 		printf("%u ", blknum);
 	}
 	printf("\n");
@@ -559,18 +552,12 @@ static void do_defrag_file(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 	df.start = atoll(argv[1]);
 	df.len = len = atoll(argv[2]);
 
-	fd = open(argv[3], O_RDWR);
-	if (fd == -1) {
-		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
-		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	fd = xopen(argv[3], O_RDWR, 0);
 
 	ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT, &df);
-	if (ret < 0) {
-		perror("F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT");
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if (ret < 0)
+		die_errno("F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT failed");
+
 	printf("defrag %s in region[%"PRIu64", %"PRIu64"]\n",
 			argv[3], df.start, df.start + len);
 	exit(0);
-- 
2.23.0.581.g78d2f28ef7-goog



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[f2fs-dev] [PATCH 2/2] f2fs_io: add copy command

[Eric Biggers]

From: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>

Add a copy command to f2fs_io, to allow testing direct I/O writes where
the source page is from a different file (mmap) or an internal kernel
page (sendfile).  It could be useful for other tests in the future too.

Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
---
 tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c | 108 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c b/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
index f5493ff..0d90835 100644
--- a/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
+++ b/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
@@ -29,6 +31,8 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/sendfile.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <termios.h>
@@ -105,6 +109,27 @@ static int xopen(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode)
 	return fd;
 }
 
+static ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, count);
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		die_errno("read failed");
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void full_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	while (count) {
+		ssize_t ret = write(fd, buf, count);
+
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("write failed");
+		buf = (char *)buf + ret;
+		count -= ret;
+	}
+}
+
 #define getflags_desc "getflags ioctl"
 #define getflags_help						\
 "f2fs_io getflags [file]\n\n"					\
@@ -563,6 +588,88 @@ static void do_defrag_file(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
 	exit(0);
 }
 
+#define copy_desc "copy a file"
+#define copy_help							\
+"f2fs_io copy [-d] [-m] [-s] src_path dst_path\n\n"			\
+"  src_path  : path to source file\n"					\
+"  dst_path  : path to destination file\n"				\
+"  -d        : use direct I/O\n"					\
+"  -m        : mmap the source file\n"					\
+"  -s        : use sendfile\n"						\
+
+static void do_copy(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
+{
+	int c;
+	int src_fd;
+	int dst_fd;
+	int open_flags = 0;
+	bool mmap_source_file = false;
+	bool use_sendfile = false;
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "dms")) != -1) {
+		switch (c) {
+		case 'd':
+			open_flags |= O_DIRECT;
+			break;
+		case 'm':
+			mmap_source_file = true;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			use_sendfile = true;
+			break;
+		default:
+			fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
+			exit(2);
+		}
+	}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+	if (argc != 2) {
+		fputs("Wrong number of arguments\n\n", stderr);
+		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	if (mmap_source_file && use_sendfile)
+		die("-m and -s are mutually exclusive");
+
+	src_fd = xopen(argv[0], O_RDONLY | open_flags, 0);
+	dst_fd = xopen(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | open_flags, 0644);
+
+	if (mmap_source_file) {
+		struct stat stbuf;
+		void *src_addr;
+
+		if (fstat(src_fd, &stbuf) != 0)
+			die_errno("fstat of source file failed");
+
+		if ((size_t)stbuf.st_size != stbuf.st_size)
+			die("Source file is too large");
+
+		src_addr = mmap(NULL, stbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
+				src_fd, 0);
+		if (src_addr == MAP_FAILED)
+			die("mmap of source file failed");
+
+		full_write(dst_fd, src_addr, stbuf.st_size);
+
+		munmap(src_addr, stbuf.st_size);
+	} else if (use_sendfile) {
+		while ((ret = sendfile(dst_fd, src_fd, NULL, INT_MAX)) > 0)
+			;
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("sendfile failed");
+	} else {
+		char *buf = aligned_xalloc(4096, 4096);
+
+		while ((ret = xread(src_fd, buf, 4096)) > 0)
+			full_write(dst_fd, buf, ret);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+	close(src_fd);
+	close(dst_fd);
+}
+
 
 #define CMD_HIDDEN 	0x0001
 #define CMD(name) { #name, do_##name, name##_desc, name##_help, 0 }
@@ -581,6 +688,7 @@ const struct cmd_desc cmd_list[] = {
 	CMD(fiemap),
 	CMD(gc_urgent),
 	CMD(defrag_file),
+	CMD(copy),
 	{ NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 }
 };
 
-- 
2.23.0.581.g78d2f28ef7-goog



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Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH 1/2] f2fs_io: add helper functions for handling errors

[Chao Yu]

On 2019/10/5 6:43, Eric Biggers wrote:
> From: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
> 
> Add and use helper functions for:
> 
> - Printing an error message (optionally with errno) and exiting.
> - Allocating memory, exiting on error.
> - Opening a file, exiting on error.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
> ---
>  tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c | 255 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------
>  1 file changed, 121 insertions(+), 134 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c b/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
> index add40c4..f5493ff 100644
> --- a/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
> +++ b/tools/f2fs_io/f2fs_io.c
> @@ -19,18 +19,21 @@
>  #define O_LARGEFILE 0
>  #endif
>  
> -#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <errno.h>
>  #include <fcntl.h>
> +#include <inttypes.h>
> +#include <signal.h>
> +#include <stdarg.h>
> +#include <stdbool.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
>  #include <stdlib.h>
>  #include <string.h>
> -#include <unistd.h>
> -#include <time.h>
> -#include <inttypes.h>
>  #include <string.h>
> -#include <signal.h>
> -#include <termios.h>
> -#include <sys/types.h>
>  #include <sys/stat.h>
> +#include <sys/types.h>
> +#include <termios.h>
> +#include <time.h>
> +#include <unistd.h>
>  
>  #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
>  #include "config.h"
> @@ -45,6 +48,63 @@ struct cmd_desc {
>  	int cmd_flags;
>  };
>  
> +static void __attribute__((noreturn))
> +do_die(const char *format, va_list va, int err)
> +{
> +	vfprintf(stderr, format, va);
> +	if (err)
> +		fprintf(stderr, ": %s", strerror(err));
> +	putc('\n', stderr);
> +	exit(1);
> +}
> +
> +static void __attribute__((noreturn, format(printf, 1, 2)))
> +die_errno(const char *format, ...)
> +{
> +	va_list va;
> +
> +	va_start(va, format);
> +	do_die(format, va, errno);
> +	va_end(va);
> +}
> +
> +static void __attribute__((noreturn, format(printf, 1, 2)))
> +die(const char *format, ...)
> +{
> +	va_list va;
> +
> +	va_start(va, format);
> +	do_die(format, va, 0);
> +	va_end(va);
> +}
> +
> +static void *xmalloc(size_t size)

Hi Eric,

How do you think of renaming wrapped functions to do_malloc(), do_open(),
do_aligned_alloc() instead of adding a 'x' prefix?

Thanks,

> +{
> +	void *p = malloc(size);
> +
> +	if (!p)
> +		die("Memory alloc failed (requested %zu bytes)", size);
> +	return p;
> +}
> +
> +static void *aligned_xalloc(size_t alignment, size_t size)
> +{
> +	void *p = aligned_alloc(alignment, size);
> +
> +	if (!p)
> +		die("Memory alloc failed (requested %zu bytes)", size);
> +	return p;
> +}
> +
> +static int xopen(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode)
> +{
> +	int fd = open(pathname, flags, mode);
> +
> +	if (fd < 0)
> +		die_errno("Failed to open %s", pathname);
> +	return fd;
> +}
> +
>  #define getflags_desc "getflags ioctl"
>  #define getflags_help						\
>  "f2fs_io getflags [file]\n\n"					\
> @@ -66,12 +126,7 @@ static void do_getflags(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  		exit(1);
>  	}
>  
> -	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	fd = xopen(argv[1], O_RDONLY, 0);
>  
>  	ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flag);
>  	printf("get a flag on %s ret=%d, flags=", argv[1], ret);
> @@ -117,17 +172,12 @@ static void do_setflags(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  		exit(1);
>  	}
>  
> -	fd = open(argv[2], O_RDONLY);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	fd = xopen(argv[2], O_RDONLY, 0);
>  
>  	ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flag);
>  	printf("get a flag on %s ret=%d, flags=%lx\n", argv[1], ret, flag);
>  	if (ret)
> -		exit(1);
> +		die_errno("F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS failed");
>  
>  	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "casefold"))
>  		flag |= FS_CASEFOLD_FL;
> @@ -169,18 +219,12 @@ static void do_shutdown(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
>  		exit(1);
>  	}
> -	fd = open(argv[2], O_RDONLY);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	fd = xopen(argv[2], O_RDONLY, 0);
>  
>  	ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_SHUTDOWN, &flag);
> -	if (ret < 0) {
> -		perror("F2FS_IOC_SHUTDOWN");
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	if (ret < 0)
> +		die_errno("F2FS_IOC_SHUTDOWN failed");
> +
>  	printf("Shutdown %s with level=%d\n", argv[2], flag);
>  	exit(0);
>  }
> @@ -201,35 +245,26 @@ static void do_pinfile(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  		exit(1);
>  	}
>  
> -	fd = open(argv[2], O_RDWR);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	fd = xopen(argv[2], O_RDWR, 0);
>  
>  	ret = -1;
>  	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "set")) {
>  		pin = 1;
>  		ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_SET_PIN_FILE, &pin);
> -		if (ret != 0) {
> -			perror("set_pin_file failed");
> -			exit(1);
> -		}
> +		if (ret != 0)
> +			die_errno("F2FS_IOC_SET_PIN_FILE failed");
>  		printf("set_pin_file: %u blocks moved in %s\n", ret, argv[2]);
>  	} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "get")) {
>  		unsigned int flags;
>  
>  		ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_GET_PIN_FILE, &pin);
> -		if (ret < 0) {
> -			perror("pin_file failed");
> -			exit(1);
> -		}
> +		if (ret < 0)
> +			die_errno("F2FS_IOC_GET_PIN_FILE failed");
> +
>  		ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flags);
> -		if (ret < 0) {
> -			perror("get flags failed");
> -			exit(1);
> -		}
> +		if (ret < 0)
> +			die_errno("F2FS_IOC_GETFLAGS failed");
> +
>  		printf("get_pin_file: %s with %u blocks moved in %s\n",
>  				(flags & F2FS_NOCOW_FL) ? "pinned" : "un-pinned",
>  				pin, argv[2]);
> @@ -262,21 +297,14 @@ static void do_fallocate(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  	offset = atoi(argv[2]);
>  	length = atoi(argv[3]);
>  
> -	fd = open(argv[4], O_RDWR);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	fd = xopen(argv[4], O_RDWR, 0);
> +
> +	if (fallocate(fd, mode, offset, length) != 0)
> +		die_errno("fallocate failed");
> +
> +	if (fstat(fd, &sb) != 0)
> +		die_errno("fstat failed");
>  
> -	if (fallocate(fd, mode, offset, length)) {
> -		fputs("fallocate failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> -	if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
> -		fputs("Stat failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
>  	printf("fallocated a file: i_size=%"PRIu64", i_blocks=%"PRIu64"\n", sb.st_size, sb.st_blocks);
>  	exit(0);
>  }
> @@ -311,41 +339,27 @@ static void do_write(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  	}
>  
>  	bs = atoi(argv[1]);
> -	if (bs > 1024) {
> -		fputs("Too big chunk size - limit: 4MB\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	if (bs > 1024)
> +		die("Too big chunk size - limit: 4MB");
> +
>  	buf_size = bs * 4096;
>  
>  	offset = atoi(argv[2]) * buf_size;
>  
> -	buf = aligned_alloc(4096, buf_size);
> -	if (!buf) {
> -		fputs("Memory alloc failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	buf = aligned_xalloc(4096, buf_size);
>  	count = atoi(argv[3]);
>  
> -	if (!strcmp(argv[4], "zero")) {
> +	if (!strcmp(argv[4], "zero"))
>  		memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
> -	} else if (strcmp(argv[4], "inc_num") &&
> -			strcmp(argv[4], "rand")) {
> -		fputs("Wrong pattern type\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	else if (strcmp(argv[4], "inc_num") && strcmp(argv[4], "rand"))
> +		die("Wrong pattern type");
>  
> -	if (!strcmp(argv[5], "dio")) {
> +	if (!strcmp(argv[5], "dio"))
>  		flags |= O_DIRECT;
> -	} else if (strcmp(argv[5], "buffered")) {
> -		fputs("Wrong IO type\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	else if (strcmp(argv[5], "buffered"))
> +		die("Wrong IO type");
>  
> -	fd = open(argv[6], O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | flags, 0755);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	fd = xopen(argv[6], O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | flags, 0755);
>  
>  	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
>  		if (!strcmp(argv[4], "inc_num"))
> @@ -389,43 +403,27 @@ static void do_read(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  	}
>  
>  	bs = atoi(argv[1]);
> -	if (bs > 1024) {
> -		fputs("Too big chunk size - limit: 4MB\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	if (bs > 1024)
> +		die("Too big chunk size - limit: 4MB");
>  	buf_size = bs * 4096;
>  
>  	offset = atoi(argv[2]) * buf_size;
>  
> -	buf = aligned_alloc(4096, buf_size);
> -	if (!buf) {
> -		fputs("Memory alloc failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	buf = aligned_xalloc(4096, buf_size);
> +
>  	count = atoi(argv[3]);
> -	if (!strcmp(argv[4], "dio")) {
> +	if (!strcmp(argv[4], "dio"))
>  		flags |= O_DIRECT;
> -	} else if (strcmp(argv[4], "buffered")) {
> -		fputs("Wrong IO type\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	else if (strcmp(argv[4], "buffered"))
> +		die("Wrong IO type");
>  
>  	print_bytes = atoi(argv[5]);
> -	if (print_bytes > buf_size) {
> -		fputs("Print_nbytes should be less then chunk_size in kb\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> -	print_buf = malloc(print_bytes);
> -	if (!print_buf) {
> -		fputs("Memory alloc failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	if (print_bytes > buf_size)
> +		die("Print_nbytes should be less then chunk_size in kb");
>  
> -	fd = open(argv[6], O_RDONLY | flags);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	print_buf = xmalloc(print_bytes);
> +
> +	fd = xopen(argv[6], O_RDONLY | flags, 0);
>  
>  	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
>  		ret = pread(fd, buf, buf_size, offset + buf_size * i);
> @@ -480,20 +478,15 @@ static void do_fiemap(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  	offset = atoi(argv[1]);
>  	count = atoi(argv[2]);
>  
> -	fd = open(argv[3], O_RDONLY | O_LARGEFILE);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	fd = xopen(argv[3], O_RDONLY | O_LARGEFILE, 0);
>  
>  	printf("Fiemap: offset = %08"PRIx64" len = %d\n", offset, count);
>  	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
>  		blknum = offset + i;
>  
> -		if (ioctl(fd, FIBMAP, &blknum) < 0) {
> -			fputs("FIBMAP failed\n\n", stderr);
> -			exit(1);
> -		}
> +		if (ioctl(fd, FIBMAP, &blknum) < 0)
> +			die_errno("FIBMAP failed");
> +
>  		printf("%u ", blknum);
>  	}
>  	printf("\n");
> @@ -559,18 +552,12 @@ static void do_defrag_file(int argc, char **argv, const struct cmd_desc *cmd)
>  	df.start = atoll(argv[1]);
>  	df.len = len = atoll(argv[2]);
>  
> -	fd = open(argv[3], O_RDWR);
> -	if (fd == -1) {
> -		fputs("Open failed\n\n", stderr);
> -		fputs(cmd->cmd_help, stderr);
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	fd = xopen(argv[3], O_RDWR, 0);
>  
>  	ret = ioctl(fd, F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT, &df);
> -	if (ret < 0) {
> -		perror("F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT");
> -		exit(1);
> -	}
> +	if (ret < 0)
> +		die_errno("F2FS_IOC_DEFRAGMENT failed");
> +
>  	printf("defrag %s in region[%"PRIu64", %"PRIu64"]\n",
>  			argv[3], df.start, df.start + len);
>  	exit(0);
> 


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