Re: [PATCH v1 1/2] gpiolib: Fix line event handling in compatible mode

[Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>]

On Tue, Dec 10, 2019 at 10:39:02PM +0800, Kent Gibson wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 10, 2019 at 10:06:04AM +0100, Bartosz Golaszewski wrote:
> > śr., 4 gru 2019 o 20:42 Andy Shevchenko
> > <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> napisał(a):
> > >
> > > The introduced line even handling ABI in the commit
> > >
> > >   61f922db7221 ("gpio: userspace ABI for reading GPIO line events")
> > >
> > > missed the fact that 64-bit kernel may serve for 32-bit applications.
> > > In such case the very first check in the lineevent_read() will fail
> > > due to alignment differences.
> > >
> > > To workaround this we do several things here:
> > > - put warning comment to UAPI header near to the structure description
> > > - derive the size of the structure in the compatible mode from its members
> > > - check for the size of this structure in the ->read() callback
> > > - return only one event in the compatible mode at a time
> > >
> > > Above mitigation will work at least with libgpiod which does one event
> > > at a time.
> > >
> > > Since the bug hasn't been reported earlier we assume that there is close
> > > to zero actual users of the compatible mode to monitor GPIO events and thus
> > > we might consider to rework this ABI in the future.
> > >
> > 
> > How come this only affects the read operation but not the structures
> > passed as arguments to ioctl() calls?
> > 
> 
> For Go the structs are aligned based on the size of their components so
> that arrays of struct are naturally aligned.  The struct is given a
> hidden trailing pad so that a subsequent struct will be correctly aligned.
> The sizeof the struct includes this hidden pad.
> I'm pretty sure the same is true for gcc.
> 
> The gpioevent_data contains a __u64 which causes the whole struct to be
> 64 bit aligned on 64 bit, so it actually looks like this internally:
> 
> struct gpioevent_data {
> 	__u64 timestamp;
> 	__u32 id;
>     __u32 pad; // hidden
> };
> 
> so 16 bytes.
> 
> On 32 bit the struct is 32 bit aligned and the trailing pad is missing,
> so 12 bytes. This causes grief for the read due to the size mismatch.

Exactly.

> (I'm sorry to say I had to add the pad to my Go gpiod library to get it
> to read event data - but forgot to go back later and work out why -
> until now :-()
> 
> Your new info change struct has the same problem, as it also contains a
> __u64 and ends up with an odd number of __u32s, so gets a trailing pad
> on 64 bit.  Using __packed seems to inhibit the trailing pad.
> Or you could explicitly add the pad so the struct will be 64bit aligned
> even on 32bit.

I spoke to colleague of mine and has been told that best option is to fill all
gaps explicitly to have all members in the struct + 8 bytes alignment at the
end (also with explicit member).

> Neither of those options are available for the
> gpioevent_data, as that would break the ABI.

ABI needs v2 actually.

So, it must be

struct gpioevent_data_v2 {
	__u64 timestamp;
	__u32 id;
	__u32 padding;
};

And so on...

> The ioctl structs only contain __u32s (or smaller) and so get aligned to
> 32 bit boundaries on both 32 and 64 bit. So just lucky.

Right.

> It is also lucky that the event_data happens to have the __u64 at the
> beginning of the struct or there could be padding inserted between
> fields, not just at the end.  Similarly the byte array lengths in the
> ioctl structs are all multiples of 4, so all the components happen to 
> align to 32 bit boundaries.

-- 
With Best Regards,
Andy Shevchenko