[RFC][PATCH 0/9] [v4][RESEND] Migrate Pages in lieu of discard

[RFC][PATCH 0/9] [v4][RESEND] Migrate Pages in lieu of discard

[Dave Hansen]

Changes since (automigrate-20200818):
 * Fall back to normal reclaim when demotion fails

The full series is also available here:

	https://github.com/hansendc/linux/tree/automigrate-20201007

I really just want folks to look at:

	[RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim

I've reworked that so that it can both use the high-level migration
API, and fall back to normal reclaim if migration fails.  I think
that gives us the best of both worlds.

I'm posting the series in case folks want to run the whole thing.

--

We're starting to see systems with more and more kinds of memory such
as Intel's implementation of persistent memory.

Let's say you have a system with some DRAM and some persistent memory.
Today, once DRAM fills up, reclaim will start and some of the DRAM
contents will be thrown out.  Allocations will, at some point, start
falling over to the slower persistent memory.

That has two nasty properties.  First, the newer allocations can end
up in the slower persistent memory.  Second, reclaimed data in DRAM
are just discarded even if there are gobs of space in persistent
memory that could be used.

This set implements a solution to these problems.  At the end of the
reclaim process in shrink_page_list() just before the last page
refcount is dropped, the page is migrated to persistent memory instead
of being dropped.

While I've talked about a DRAM/PMEM pairing, this approach would
function in any environment where memory tiers exist.

This is not perfect.  It "strands" pages in slower memory and never
brings them back to fast DRAM.  Other things need to be built to
promote hot pages back to DRAM.

This is also all based on an upstream mechanism that allows
persistent memory to be onlined and used as if it were volatile:

	http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190124231441.37A4A305@viggo.jf.intel.com

== Open Issues ==

 * For cpusets and memory policies that restrict allocations
   to PMEM, is it OK to demote to PMEM?  Do we need a cgroup-
   level API to opt-in or opt-out of these migrations?

--

Changes since (https://lwn.net/Articles/824830/):
 * Use higher-level migrate_pages() API approach from Yang Shi's
   earlier patches.
 * made sure to actually check node_reclaim_mode's new bit
 * disabled migration entirely before introducing RECLAIM_MIGRATE
 * Replace GFP_NOWAIT with explicit __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM and
   comment why we want that.
 * Comment on effects of that keep multiple source nodes from
   sharing target nodes

Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> 

[RFC][PATCH 1/9] mm/numa: node demotion data structure and lookup

[Dave Hansen]

From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>

Prepare for the kernel to auto-migrate pages to other memory nodes
with a user defined node migration table. This allows creating single
migration target for each NUMA node to enable the kernel to do NUMA
page migrations instead of simply reclaiming colder pages. A node
with no target is a "terminal node", so reclaim acts normally there.
The migration target does not fundamentally _need_ to be a single node,
but this implementation starts there to limit complexity.

If you consider the migration path as a graph, cycles (loops) in the
graph are disallowed.  This avoids wasting resources by constantly
migrating (A->B, B->A, A->B ...).  The expectation is that cycles will
never be allowed.

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>

--

changes in July 2020:
 - Remove loop from next_demotion_node() and get_online_mems().
   This means that the node returned by next_demotion_node()
   might now be offline, but the worst case is that the
   allocation fails.  That's fine since it is transient.
---

 b/mm/migrate.c |   16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)

diff -puN mm/migrate.c~0006-node-Define-and-export-memory-migration-path mm/migrate.c
--- a/mm/migrate.c~0006-node-Define-and-export-memory-migration-path	2020-10-07 09:15:25.978642454 -0700
+++ b/mm/migrate.c	2020-10-07 09:15:25.989642454 -0700
@@ -1161,6 +1161,22 @@ out:
 	return rc;
 }
 
+static int node_demotion[MAX_NUMNODES] = {[0 ...  MAX_NUMNODES - 1] = NUMA_NO_NODE};
+
+/**
+ * next_demotion_node() - Get the next node in the demotion path
+ * @node: The starting node to lookup the next node
+ *
+ * @returns: node id for next memory node in the demotion path hierarchy
+ * from @node; NUMA_NO_NODE if @node is terminal.  This does not keep
+ * @node online or guarantee that it *continues* to be the next demotion
+ * target.
+ */
+int next_demotion_node(int node)
+{
+	return node_demotion[node];
+}
+
 /*
  * Obtain the lock on page, remove all ptes and migrate the page
  * to the newly allocated page in newpage.
_

[RFC][PATCH 2/9] mm/numa: automatically generate node migration order

[Dave Hansen]

From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>

When memory fills up on a node, memory contents can be
automatically migrated to another node.  The biggest problems are
knowing when to migrate and to where the migration should be
targeted.

The most straightforward way to generate the "to where" list
would be to follow the page allocator fallback lists.  Those
lists already tell us if memory is full where to look next.  It
would also be logical to move memory in that order.

But, the allocator fallback lists have a fatal flaw: most nodes
appear in all the lists.  This would potentially lead to
migration cycles (A->B, B->A, A->B, ...).

Instead of using the allocator fallback lists directly, keep a
separate node migration ordering.  But, reuse the same data used
to generate page allocator fallback in the first place:
find_next_best_node().

This means that the firmware data used to populate node distances
essentially dictates the ordering for now.  It should also be
architecture-neutral since all NUMA architectures have a working
find_next_best_node().

The protocol for node_demotion[] access and writing is not
standard.  It has no specific locking and is intended to be read
locklessly.  Readers must take care to avoid observing changes
that appear incoherent.  This was done so that node_demotion[]
locking has no chance of becoming a bottleneck on large systems
with lots of CPUs in direct reclaim.

This code is unused for now.  It will be called later in the
series.

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---

 b/mm/internal.h   |    1 
 b/mm/migrate.c    |  137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 b/mm/page_alloc.c |    2 
 3 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff -puN mm/internal.h~auto-setup-default-migration-path-from-firmware mm/internal.h
--- a/mm/internal.h~auto-setup-default-migration-path-from-firmware	2020-10-07 09:15:27.027642452 -0700
+++ b/mm/internal.h	2020-10-07 09:15:27.039642452 -0700
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ extern int user_min_free_kbytes;
 
 extern void zone_pcp_update(struct zone *zone);
 extern void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone);
+extern int find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_node_mask);
 
 #if defined CONFIG_COMPACTION || defined CONFIG_CMA
 
diff -puN mm/migrate.c~auto-setup-default-migration-path-from-firmware mm/migrate.c
--- a/mm/migrate.c~auto-setup-default-migration-path-from-firmware	2020-10-07 09:15:27.031642452 -0700
+++ b/mm/migrate.c	2020-10-07 09:15:27.041642452 -0700
@@ -1161,6 +1161,10 @@ out:
 	return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Writes to this array occur without locking.  READ_ONCE()
+ * is recommended for readers to ensure consistent reads.
+ */
 static int node_demotion[MAX_NUMNODES] = {[0 ...  MAX_NUMNODES - 1] = NUMA_NO_NODE};
 
 /**
@@ -1174,7 +1178,13 @@ static int node_demotion[MAX_NUMNODES] =
  */
 int next_demotion_node(int node)
 {
-	return node_demotion[node];
+	/*
+	 * node_demotion[] is updated without excluding
+	 * this function from running.  READ_ONCE() avoids
+	 * reading multiple, inconsistent 'node' values
+	 * during an update.
+	 */
+	return READ_ONCE(node_demotion[node]);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3112,3 +3122,128 @@ void migrate_vma_finalize(struct migrate
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(migrate_vma_finalize);
 #endif /* CONFIG_DEVICE_PRIVATE */
+
+/* Disable reclaim-based migration. */
+static void disable_all_migrate_targets(void)
+{
+	int node;
+
+	for_each_online_node(node)
+		node_demotion[node] = NUMA_NO_NODE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find an automatic demotion target for 'node'.
+ * Failing here is OK.  It might just indicate
+ * being at the end of a chain.
+ */
+static int establish_migrate_target(int node, nodemask_t *used)
+{
+	int migration_target;
+
+	/*
+	 * Can not set a migration target on a
+	 * node with it already set.
+	 *
+	 * No need for READ_ONCE() here since this
+	 * in the write path for node_demotion[].
+	 * This should be the only thread writing.
+	 */
+	if (node_demotion[node] != NUMA_NO_NODE)
+		return NUMA_NO_NODE;
+
+	migration_target = find_next_best_node(node, used);
+	if (migration_target == NUMA_NO_NODE)
+		return NUMA_NO_NODE;
+
+	node_demotion[node] = migration_target;
+
+	return migration_target;
+}
+
+/*
+ * When memory fills up on a node, memory contents can be
+ * automatically migrated to another node instead of
+ * discarded at reclaim.
+ *
+ * Establish a "migration path" which will start at nodes
+ * with CPUs and will follow the priorities used to build the
+ * page allocator zonelists.
+ *
+ * The difference here is that cycles must be avoided.  If
+ * node0 migrates to node1, then neither node1, nor anything
+ * node1 migrates to can migrate to node0.
+ *
+ * This function can run simultaneously with readers of
+ * node_demotion[].  However, it can not run simultaneously
+ * with itself.  Exclusion is provided by memory hotplug events
+ * being single-threaded.
+ */
+void __set_migration_target_nodes(void)
+{
+	nodemask_t next_pass	= NODE_MASK_NONE;
+	nodemask_t this_pass	= NODE_MASK_NONE;
+	nodemask_t used_targets = NODE_MASK_NONE;
+	int node;
+
+	/*
+	 * Avoid any oddities like cycles that could occur
+	 * from changes in the topology.  This will leave
+	 * a momentary gap when migration is disabled.
+	 */
+	disable_all_migrate_targets();
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that the "disable" is visible across the system.
+	 * Readers will see either a combination of before+disable
+	 * state or disable+after.  They will never see before and
+	 * after state together.
+	 *
+	 * The before+after state together might have cycles and
+	 * could cause readers to do things like loop until this
+	 * function finishes.  This ensures they can only see a
+	 * single "bad" read and would, for instance, only loop
+	 * once.
+	 */
+	smp_wmb();
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocations go close to CPUs, first.  Assume that
+	 * the migration path starts at the nodes with CPUs.
+	 */
+	next_pass = node_states[N_CPU];
+again:
+	this_pass = next_pass;
+	next_pass = NODE_MASK_NONE;
+	/*
+	 * To avoid cycles in the migration "graph", ensure
+	 * that migration sources are not future targets by
+	 * setting them in 'used_targets'.  Do this only
+	 * once per pass so that multiple source nodes can
+	 * share a target node.
+	 *
+	 * 'used_targets' will become unavailable in future
+	 * passes.  This limits some opportunities for
+	 * multiple source nodes to share a desintation.
+	 */
+	nodes_or(used_targets, used_targets, this_pass);
+	for_each_node_mask(node, this_pass) {
+		int target_node = establish_migrate_target(node, &used_targets);
+
+		if (target_node == NUMA_NO_NODE)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Visit targets from this pass in the next pass: */
+		node_set(target_node, next_pass);
+	}
+	/* Is another pass necessary? */
+	if (!nodes_empty(next_pass))
+		goto again;
+}
+
+void set_migration_target_nodes(void)
+{
+	get_online_mems();
+	__set_migration_target_nodes();
+	put_online_mems();
+}
diff -puN mm/page_alloc.c~auto-setup-default-migration-path-from-firmware mm/page_alloc.c
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c~auto-setup-default-migration-path-from-firmware	2020-10-07 09:15:27.035642452 -0700
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c	2020-10-07 09:15:27.043642452 -0700
@@ -5632,7 +5632,7 @@ static int node_load[MAX_NUMNODES];
  *
  * Return: node id of the found node or %NUMA_NO_NODE if no node is found.
  */
-static int find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_node_mask)
+int find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_node_mask)
 {
 	int n, val;
 	int min_val = INT_MAX;
_

[RFC][PATCH 3/9] mm/migrate: update migration order during on hotplug events

[Dave Hansen]

From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>

Reclaim-based migration is attempting to optimize data placement in
memory based on the system topology.  If the system changes, so must
the migration ordering.

The implementation here is pretty simple and entirely unoptimized.  On
any memory or CPU hotplug events, assume that a node was added or
removed and recalculate all migration targets.  This ensures that the
node_demotion[] array is always ready to be used in case the new
reclaim mode is enabled.

This recalculation is far from optimal, most glaringly that it does
not even attempt to figure out if nodes are actually coming or going.
But, given the expected paucity of hotplug events, this should be
fine.

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---

 b/mm/migrate.c |   93 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 93 insertions(+)

diff -puN mm/migrate.c~enable-numa-demotion mm/migrate.c
--- a/mm/migrate.c~enable-numa-demotion	2020-10-07 09:15:28.260642449 -0700
+++ b/mm/migrate.c	2020-10-07 09:15:28.266642449 -0700
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
 #include <linux/oom.h>
+#include <linux/memory.h>
 
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 
@@ -3241,9 +3242,101 @@ again:
 		goto again;
 }
 
+/*
+ * For callers that do not hold get_online_mems() already.
+ */
 void set_migration_target_nodes(void)
 {
 	get_online_mems();
 	__set_migration_target_nodes();
 	put_online_mems();
 }
+
+/*
+ * React to hotplug events that might affect the migration targes
+ * like events that online or offline NUMA nodes.
+ *
+ * The ordering is also currently dependent on which nodes have
+ * CPUs.  That means we need CPU on/offline notification too.
+ */
+static int migration_online_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	set_migration_target_nodes();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int migration_offline_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	set_migration_target_nodes();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This leaves migrate-on-reclaim transiently disabled
+ * between the MEM_GOING_OFFLINE and MEM_OFFLINE events.
+ * This runs reclaim-based micgration is enabled or not.
+ * This ensures that the user can turn reclaim-based
+ * migration at any time without needing to recalcuate
+ * migration targets.
+ *
+ * These callbacks already hold get_online_mems().  That
+ * is why __set_migration_target_nodes() can be used as
+ * opposed to set_migration_target_nodes().
+ */
+#if defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)
+static int __meminit migrate_on_reclaim_callback(struct notifier_block *self,
+						 unsigned long action, void *arg)
+{
+	switch (action) {
+	case MEM_GOING_OFFLINE:
+		/*
+		 * Make sure there are not transient states where
+		 * an offline node is a migration target.  This
+		 * will leave migration disabled until the offline
+		 * completes and the MEM_OFFLINE case below runs.
+		 */
+		disable_all_migrate_targets();
+		break;
+	case MEM_OFFLINE:
+	case MEM_ONLINE:
+		/*
+		 * Recalculate the target nodes once the node
+		 * reaches its final state (online or offline).
+		 */
+		__set_migration_target_nodes();
+		break;
+	case MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE:
+		/*
+		 * MEM_GOING_OFFLINE disabled all the migration
+		 * targets.  Reenable them.
+		 */
+		__set_migration_target_nodes();
+		break;
+	case MEM_GOING_ONLINE:
+	case MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return notifier_from_errno(0);
+}
+
+static int __init migrate_on_reclaim_init(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "migrate on reclaim",
+				migration_online_cpu,
+				migration_offline_cpu);
+	/*
+	 * In the unlikely case that this fails, the automatic
+	 * migration targets may become suboptimal for nodes
+	 * where N_CPU changes.  With such a small impact in a
+	 * rare case, do not bother trying to do anything special.
+	 */
+	WARN_ON(ret < 0);
+
+	hotplug_memory_notifier(migrate_on_reclaim_callback, 100);
+	return 0;
+}
+late_initcall(migrate_on_reclaim_init);
+#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
_

[RFC][PATCH 4/9] mm/migrate: make migrate_pages() return nr_succeeded

[Dave Hansen]

From: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>

The migrate_pages() returns the number of pages that were not migrated,
or an error code.  When returning an error code, there is no way to know
how many pages were migrated or not migrated.

In the following patch, migrate_pages() is used to demote pages to PMEM
node, we need account how many pages are reclaimed (demoted) since page
reclaim behavior depends on this.  Add *nr_succeeded parameter to make
migrate_pages() return how many pages are demoted successfully for all
cases.

Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---

 b/include/linux/migrate.h |    5 +++--
 b/mm/compaction.c         |    3 ++-
 b/mm/gup.c                |    4 +++-
 b/mm/memory-failure.c     |    7 +++++--
 b/mm/memory_hotplug.c     |    4 +++-
 b/mm/mempolicy.c          |    7 +++++--
 b/mm/migrate.c            |   16 +++++++++-------
 b/mm/page_alloc.c         |    9 ++++++---
 8 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff -puN include/linux/migrate.h~migrate_pages-add-success-return include/linux/migrate.h
--- a/include/linux/migrate.h~migrate_pages-add-success-return	2020-10-07 09:15:29.333642446 -0700
+++ b/include/linux/migrate.h	2020-10-07 09:15:29.375642446 -0700
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ extern int migrate_page(struct address_s
 			struct page *newpage, struct page *page,
 			enum migrate_mode mode);
 extern int migrate_pages(struct list_head *l, new_page_t new, free_page_t free,
-		unsigned long private, enum migrate_mode mode, int reason);
+		unsigned long private, enum migrate_mode mode, int reason,
+		unsigned int *nr_succeeded);
 extern struct page *alloc_migration_target(struct page *page, unsigned long private);
 extern int isolate_movable_page(struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
 extern void putback_movable_page(struct page *page);
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ extern int migrate_page_move_mapping(str
 static inline void putback_movable_pages(struct list_head *l) {}
 static inline int migrate_pages(struct list_head *l, new_page_t new,
 		free_page_t free, unsigned long private, enum migrate_mode mode,
-		int reason)
+		int reason, unsigned int *nr_succeeded)
 	{ return -ENOSYS; }
 static inline struct page *alloc_migration_target(struct page *page,
 		unsigned long private)
diff -puN mm/compaction.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return mm/compaction.c
--- a/mm/compaction.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return	2020-10-07 09:15:29.337642446 -0700
+++ b/mm/compaction.c	2020-10-07 09:15:29.380642446 -0700
@@ -2196,6 +2196,7 @@ compact_zone(struct compact_control *cc,
 	unsigned long last_migrated_pfn;
 	const bool sync = cc->mode != MIGRATE_ASYNC;
 	bool update_cached;
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * These counters track activities during zone compaction.  Initialize
@@ -2314,7 +2315,7 @@ compact_zone(struct compact_control *cc,
 
 		err = migrate_pages(&cc->migratepages, compaction_alloc,
 				compaction_free, (unsigned long)cc, cc->mode,
-				MR_COMPACTION);
+				MR_COMPACTION, &nr_succeeded);
 
 		trace_mm_compaction_migratepages(cc->nr_migratepages, err,
 							&cc->migratepages);
diff -puN mm/gup.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return mm/gup.c
--- a/mm/gup.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return	2020-10-07 09:15:29.345642446 -0700
+++ b/mm/gup.c	2020-10-07 09:15:29.384642446 -0700
@@ -1586,6 +1586,7 @@ static long check_and_migrate_cma_pages(
 	unsigned long step;
 	bool drain_allow = true;
 	bool migrate_allow = true;
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 	LIST_HEAD(cma_page_list);
 	long ret = nr_pages;
 	struct migration_target_control mtc = {
@@ -1638,7 +1639,8 @@ check_again:
 			put_page(pages[i]);
 
 		if (migrate_pages(&cma_page_list, alloc_migration_target, NULL,
-			(unsigned long)&mtc, MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_CONTIG_RANGE)) {
+			(unsigned long)&mtc, MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_CONTIG_RANGE,
+				  &nr_succeeded)) {
 			/*
 			 * some of the pages failed migration. Do get_user_pages
 			 * without migration.
diff -puN mm/memory-failure.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return mm/memory-failure.c
--- a/mm/memory-failure.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return	2020-10-07 09:15:29.347642446 -0700
+++ b/mm/memory-failure.c	2020-10-07 09:15:29.388642446 -0700
@@ -1724,6 +1724,7 @@ static int soft_offline_huge_page(struct
 	int ret;
 	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
 	struct page *hpage = compound_head(page);
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 	LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
 
 	/*
@@ -1751,7 +1752,7 @@ static int soft_offline_huge_page(struct
 	}
 
 	ret = migrate_pages(&pagelist, new_page, NULL, MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL,
-				MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMORY_FAILURE);
+				MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMORY_FAILURE, &nr_succeeded);
 	if (ret) {
 		pr_info("soft offline: %#lx: hugepage migration failed %d, type %lx (%pGp)\n",
 			pfn, ret, page->flags, &page->flags);
@@ -1782,6 +1783,7 @@ static int __soft_offline_page(struct pa
 {
 	int ret;
 	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Check PageHWPoison again inside page lock because PageHWPoison
@@ -1841,7 +1843,8 @@ static int __soft_offline_page(struct pa
 						page_is_file_lru(page));
 		list_add(&page->lru, &pagelist);
 		ret = migrate_pages(&pagelist, new_page, NULL, MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL,
-					MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMORY_FAILURE);
+					MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMORY_FAILURE,
+					&nr_succeeded);
 		if (ret) {
 			if (!list_empty(&pagelist))
 				putback_movable_pages(&pagelist);
diff -puN mm/memory_hotplug.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return mm/memory_hotplug.c
--- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return	2020-10-07 09:15:29.353642446 -0700
+++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c	2020-10-07 09:15:29.391642446 -0700
@@ -1301,6 +1301,7 @@ do_migrate_range(unsigned long start_pfn
 	unsigned long pfn;
 	struct page *page, *head;
 	int ret = 0;
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 	LIST_HEAD(source);
 
 	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
@@ -1356,7 +1357,8 @@ do_migrate_range(unsigned long start_pfn
 	if (!list_empty(&source)) {
 		/* Allocate a new page from the nearest neighbor node */
 		ret = migrate_pages(&source, new_node_page, NULL, 0,
-					MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMORY_HOTPLUG);
+					MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMORY_HOTPLUG,
+					&nr_succeeded);
 		if (ret) {
 			list_for_each_entry(page, &source, lru) {
 				pr_warn("migrating pfn %lx failed ret:%d ",
diff -puN mm/mempolicy.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return mm/mempolicy.c
--- a/mm/mempolicy.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return	2020-10-07 09:15:29.356642446 -0700
+++ b/mm/mempolicy.c	2020-10-07 09:15:29.396642446 -0700
@@ -1072,6 +1072,7 @@ static int migrate_page_add(struct page
 static int migrate_to_node(struct mm_struct *mm, int source, int dest,
 			   int flags)
 {
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 	nodemask_t nmask;
 	LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
 	int err = 0;
@@ -1094,7 +1095,7 @@ static int migrate_to_node(struct mm_str
 
 	if (!list_empty(&pagelist)) {
 		err = migrate_pages(&pagelist, alloc_migration_target, NULL,
-				(unsigned long)&mtc, MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_SYSCALL);
+				(unsigned long)&mtc, MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_SYSCALL, &nr_succeeded);
 		if (err)
 			putback_movable_pages(&pagelist);
 	}
@@ -1271,6 +1272,7 @@ static long do_mbind(unsigned long start
 		     nodemask_t *nmask, unsigned long flags)
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 	struct mempolicy *new;
 	unsigned long end;
 	int err;
@@ -1352,7 +1354,8 @@ static long do_mbind(unsigned long start
 		if (!list_empty(&pagelist)) {
 			WARN_ON_ONCE(flags & MPOL_MF_LAZY);
 			nr_failed = migrate_pages(&pagelist, new_page, NULL,
-				start, MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMPOLICY_MBIND);
+				start, MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_MEMPOLICY_MBIND,
+				&nr_succeeded);
 			if (nr_failed)
 				putback_movable_pages(&pagelist);
 		}
diff -puN mm/migrate.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return mm/migrate.c
--- a/mm/migrate.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return	2020-10-07 09:15:29.362642446 -0700
+++ b/mm/migrate.c	2020-10-07 09:15:29.401642446 -0700
@@ -1433,6 +1433,7 @@ out:
  * @mode:		The migration mode that specifies the constraints for
  *			page migration, if any.
  * @reason:		The reason for page migration.
+ * @nr_succeeded:	The number of pages migrated successfully.
  *
  * The function returns after 10 attempts or if no pages are movable any more
  * because the list has become empty or no retryable pages exist any more.
@@ -1443,12 +1444,11 @@ out:
  */
 int migrate_pages(struct list_head *from, new_page_t get_new_page,
 		free_page_t put_new_page, unsigned long private,
-		enum migrate_mode mode, int reason)
+		enum migrate_mode mode, int reason, unsigned int *nr_succeeded)
 {
 	int retry = 1;
 	int thp_retry = 1;
 	int nr_failed = 0;
-	int nr_succeeded = 0;
 	int nr_thp_succeeded = 0;
 	int nr_thp_failed = 0;
 	int nr_thp_split = 0;
@@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ retry:
 					nr_succeeded += nr_subpages;
 					break;
 				}
-				nr_succeeded++;
+				(*nr_succeeded)++;
 				break;
 			default:
 				/*
@@ -1552,12 +1552,12 @@ retry:
 	nr_thp_failed += thp_retry;
 	rc = nr_failed;
 out:
-	count_vm_events(PGMIGRATE_SUCCESS, nr_succeeded);
+	count_vm_events(PGMIGRATE_SUCCESS, *nr_succeeded);
 	count_vm_events(PGMIGRATE_FAIL, nr_failed);
 	count_vm_events(THP_MIGRATION_SUCCESS, nr_thp_succeeded);
 	count_vm_events(THP_MIGRATION_FAIL, nr_thp_failed);
 	count_vm_events(THP_MIGRATION_SPLIT, nr_thp_split);
-	trace_mm_migrate_pages(nr_succeeded, nr_failed, nr_thp_succeeded,
+	trace_mm_migrate_pages(*nr_succeeded, nr_failed, nr_thp_succeeded,
 			       nr_thp_failed, nr_thp_split, mode, reason);
 
 	if (!swapwrite)
@@ -1625,6 +1625,7 @@ static int store_status(int __user *stat
 static int do_move_pages_to_node(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		struct list_head *pagelist, int node)
 {
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 	int err;
 	struct migration_target_control mtc = {
 		.nid = node,
@@ -1632,7 +1633,7 @@ static int do_move_pages_to_node(struct
 	};
 
 	err = migrate_pages(pagelist, alloc_migration_target, NULL,
-			(unsigned long)&mtc, MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_SYSCALL);
+			(unsigned long)&mtc, MIGRATE_SYNC, MR_SYSCALL, &nr_succeeded);
 	if (err)
 		putback_movable_pages(pagelist);
 	return err;
@@ -2090,6 +2091,7 @@ int migrate_misplaced_page(struct page *
 	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(node);
 	int isolated;
 	int nr_remaining;
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 	LIST_HEAD(migratepages);
 
 	/*
@@ -2114,7 +2116,7 @@ int migrate_misplaced_page(struct page *
 	list_add(&page->lru, &migratepages);
 	nr_remaining = migrate_pages(&migratepages, alloc_misplaced_dst_page,
 				     NULL, node, MIGRATE_ASYNC,
-				     MR_NUMA_MISPLACED);
+				     MR_NUMA_MISPLACED, &nr_succeeded);
 	if (nr_remaining) {
 		if (!list_empty(&migratepages)) {
 			list_del(&page->lru);
diff -puN mm/page_alloc.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return mm/page_alloc.c
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c~migrate_pages-add-success-return	2020-10-07 09:15:29.371642446 -0700
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c	2020-10-07 09:15:29.409642446 -0700
@@ -8346,7 +8346,8 @@ static unsigned long pfn_max_align_up(un
 
 /* [start, end) must belong to a single zone. */
 static int __alloc_contig_migrate_range(struct compact_control *cc,
-					unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
+					unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+					unsigned int *nr_succeeded)
 {
 	/* This function is based on compact_zone() from compaction.c. */
 	unsigned int nr_reclaimed;
@@ -8384,7 +8385,8 @@ static int __alloc_contig_migrate_range(
 		cc->nr_migratepages -= nr_reclaimed;
 
 		ret = migrate_pages(&cc->migratepages, alloc_migration_target,
-				NULL, (unsigned long)&mtc, cc->mode, MR_CONTIG_RANGE);
+				NULL, (unsigned long)&mtc, cc->mode, MR_CONTIG_RANGE,
+				nr_succeeded);
 	}
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		putback_movable_pages(&cc->migratepages);
@@ -8420,6 +8422,7 @@ int alloc_contig_range(unsigned long sta
 	unsigned long outer_start, outer_end;
 	unsigned int order;
 	int ret = 0;
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
 
 	struct compact_control cc = {
 		.nr_migratepages = 0,
@@ -8472,7 +8475,7 @@ int alloc_contig_range(unsigned long sta
 	 * allocated.  So, if we fall through be sure to clear ret so that
 	 * -EBUSY is not accidentally used or returned to caller.
 	 */
-	ret = __alloc_contig_migrate_range(&cc, start, end);
+	ret = __alloc_contig_migrate_range(&cc, start, end, &nr_succeeded);
 	if (ret && ret != -EBUSY)
 		goto done;
 	ret =0;
_

[RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim

[Dave Hansen]

From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>

This is mostly derived from a patch from Yang Shi:

	https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/1560468577-101178-10-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com/

Add code to the reclaim path (shrink_page_list()) to "demote" data
to another NUMA node instead of discarding the data.  This always
avoids the cost of I/O needed to read the page back in and sometimes
avoids the writeout cost when the pagee is dirty.

A second pass through shrink_page_list() will be made if any demotions
fail.  This essentally falls back to normal reclaim behavior in the
case that demotions fail.  Previous versions of this patch may have
simply failed to reclaim pages which were eligible for demotion but
were unable to be demoted in practice.

Note: This just adds the start of infratructure for migration. It is
actually disabled next to the FIXME in migrate_demote_page_ok().

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

--

changes from 20200730:
 * Add another pass through shrink_page_list() when demotion
   fails.
---

 b/include/linux/migrate.h |    2 
 b/mm/vmscan.c             |   97 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+)

diff -puN include/linux/migrate.h~demote-with-migrate_pages include/linux/migrate.h
--- a/include/linux/migrate.h~demote-with-migrate_pages	2020-10-07 09:15:31.028642442 -0700
+++ b/include/linux/migrate.h	2020-10-07 09:15:31.034642442 -0700
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ enum migrate_reason {
 	MR_MEMPOLICY_MBIND,
 	MR_NUMA_MISPLACED,
 	MR_CONTIG_RANGE,
+	MR_DEMOTION,
 	MR_TYPES
 };
 
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ struct migrate_vma {
 int migrate_vma_setup(struct migrate_vma *args);
 void migrate_vma_pages(struct migrate_vma *migrate);
 void migrate_vma_finalize(struct migrate_vma *migrate);
+int next_demotion_node(int node);
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_MIGRATION */
 
diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~demote-with-migrate_pages mm/vmscan.c
--- a/mm/vmscan.c~demote-with-migrate_pages	2020-10-07 09:15:31.030642442 -0700
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c	2020-10-07 09:15:31.037642442 -0700
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 #include <linux/freezer.h>
 #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
+#include <linux/migrate.h>
 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
 #include <linux/oom.h>
@@ -1034,6 +1035,24 @@ static enum page_references page_check_r
 	return PAGEREF_RECLAIM;
 }
 
+bool migrate_demote_page_ok(struct page *page, struct scan_control *sc)
+{
+	int next_nid = next_demotion_node(page_to_nid(page));
+
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageHuge(page), page);
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(page), page);
+
+	if (next_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
+		return false;
+	if (PageTransHuge(page) && !thp_migration_supported())
+		return false;
+
+	// FIXME: actually enable this later in the series
+	return false;
+}
+
+
 /* Check if a page is dirty or under writeback */
 static void page_check_dirty_writeback(struct page *page,
 				       bool *dirty, bool *writeback)
@@ -1064,6 +1083,60 @@ static void page_check_dirty_writeback(s
 		mapping->a_ops->is_dirty_writeback(page, dirty, writeback);
 }
 
+static struct page *alloc_demote_page(struct page *page, unsigned long node)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Try to fail quickly if memory on the target node is not
+	 * available.  Leaving out __GFP_IO and __GFP_FS helps with
+	 * this.  If the desintation node is full, we want kswapd to
+	 * run there so that its pages will get reclaimed and future
+	 * migration attempts may succeed.
+	 */
+	gfp_t flags = (__GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_MOVABLE | __GFP_NORETRY |
+		       __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_THISNODE |
+		       __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM);
+	/* HugeTLB pages should not be on the LRU */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(PageHuge(page));
+
+	if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
+		struct page *thp;
+
+		flags |= __GFP_COMP;
+
+		thp = alloc_pages_node(node, flags, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
+		if (!thp)
+			return NULL;
+		prep_transhuge_page(thp);
+		return thp;
+	}
+
+	return __alloc_pages_node(node, flags, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Take pages on @demote_list and attempt to demote them to
+ * another node.  Pages which are not demoted are left on
+ * @demote_pages.
+ */
+static unsigned int demote_page_list(struct list_head *demote_pages,
+				     struct pglist_data *pgdat,
+				     struct scan_control *sc)
+{
+	int target_nid = next_demotion_node(pgdat->node_id);
+	unsigned int nr_succeeded = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	if (list_empty(demote_pages))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Demotion ignores all cpuset and mempolicy settings */
+	err = migrate_pages(demote_pages, alloc_demote_page, NULL,
+			    target_nid, MIGRATE_ASYNC, MR_DEMOTION,
+			    &nr_succeeded);
+
+	return nr_succeeded;
+}
+
 /*
  * shrink_page_list() returns the number of reclaimed pages
  */
@@ -1076,12 +1149,15 @@ static unsigned int shrink_page_list(str
 {
 	LIST_HEAD(ret_pages);
 	LIST_HEAD(free_pages);
+	LIST_HEAD(demote_pages);
 	unsigned int nr_reclaimed = 0;
 	unsigned int pgactivate = 0;
+	bool do_demote_pass = true;
 
 	memset(stat, 0, sizeof(*stat));
 	cond_resched();
 
+retry:
 	while (!list_empty(page_list)) {
 		struct address_space *mapping;
 		struct page *page;
@@ -1231,6 +1307,16 @@ static unsigned int shrink_page_list(str
 		}
 
 		/*
+		 * Before reclaiming the page, try to relocate
+		 * its contents to another node.
+		 */
+		if (do_demote_pass && migrate_demote_page_ok(page, sc)) {
+			list_add(&page->lru, &demote_pages);
+			unlock_page(page);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
 		 * Anonymous process memory has backing store?
 		 * Try to allocate it some swap space here.
 		 * Lazyfree page could be freed directly
@@ -1477,6 +1563,17 @@ keep:
 		list_add(&page->lru, &ret_pages);
 		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(page) || PageUnevictable(page), page);
 	}
+	/* 'page_list' is always empty here */
+
+	/* Migrate pages selected for demotion */
+	nr_reclaimed += demote_page_list(&demote_pages, pgdat, sc);
+	/* Pages that could not be demoted are still in @demote_pages */
+	if (!list_empty(&demote_pages)) {
+		/* Pages which failed to demoted go back on on @page_list for retry: */
+		list_splice_init(&demote_pages, page_list);
+		do_demote_pass = false;
+		goto retry;
+	}
 
 	pgactivate = stat->nr_activate[0] + stat->nr_activate[1];
 
_

[RFC][PATCH 6/9] mm/vmscan: add page demotion counter

[Dave Hansen]

From: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>

Account the number of demoted pages into reclaim_state->nr_demoted.

Add pgdemote_kswapd and pgdemote_direct VM counters showed in
/proc/vmstat.

[ daveh:
   - __count_vm_events() a bit, and made them look at the THP
     size directly rather than getting data from migrate_pages()
]

Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---

 b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h |    2 ++
 b/mm/vmscan.c                   |    6 ++++++
 b/mm/vmstat.c                   |    2 ++
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff -puN include/linux/vm_event_item.h~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter include/linux/vm_event_item.h
--- a/include/linux/vm_event_item.h~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter	2020-10-07 09:15:32.171642439 -0700
+++ b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h	2020-10-07 09:15:32.179642439 -0700
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ enum vm_event_item { PGPGIN, PGPGOUT, PS
 		PGREUSE,
 		PGSTEAL_KSWAPD,
 		PGSTEAL_DIRECT,
+		PGDEMOTE_KSWAPD,
+		PGDEMOTE_DIRECT,
 		PGSCAN_KSWAPD,
 		PGSCAN_DIRECT,
 		PGSCAN_DIRECT_THROTTLE,
diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter mm/vmscan.c
--- a/mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter	2020-10-07 09:15:32.173642439 -0700
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c	2020-10-07 09:15:32.180642439 -0700
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ struct scan_control {
 		unsigned int immediate;
 		unsigned int file_taken;
 		unsigned int taken;
+		unsigned int demoted;
 	} nr;
 
 	/* for recording the reclaimed slab by now */
@@ -1134,6 +1135,11 @@ static unsigned int demote_page_list(str
 			    target_nid, MIGRATE_ASYNC, MR_DEMOTION,
 			    &nr_succeeded);
 
+	if (current_is_kswapd())
+		__count_vm_events(PGDEMOTE_KSWAPD, nr_succeeded);
+	else
+		__count_vm_events(PGDEMOTE_DIRECT, nr_succeeded);
+
 	return nr_succeeded;
 }
 
diff -puN mm/vmstat.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter mm/vmstat.c
--- a/mm/vmstat.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter	2020-10-07 09:15:32.175642439 -0700
+++ b/mm/vmstat.c	2020-10-07 09:15:32.181642439 -0700
@@ -1244,6 +1244,8 @@ const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
 	"pgreuse",
 	"pgsteal_kswapd",
 	"pgsteal_direct",
+	"pgdemote_kswapd",
+	"pgdemote_direct",
 	"pgscan_kswapd",
 	"pgscan_direct",
 	"pgscan_direct_throttle",
_

[RFC][PATCH 7/9] mm/vmscan: Consider anonymous pages without swap

[Dave Hansen]

From: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>

Age and reclaim anonymous pages if a migration path is available. The
node has other recourses for inactive anonymous pages beyond swap,

#Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Cc: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
[vishal: fixup the migration->demotion rename]
Signed-off-by: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>

--

Changes from Dave 06/2020:
 * rename reclaim_anon_pages()->can_reclaim_anon_pages()

Note: Keith's Intel SoB is commented out because he is no
longer at Intel and his @intel.com mail will bouncee
---

 b/include/linux/node.h |    9 +++++++++
 b/mm/vmscan.c          |   33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff -puN include/linux/node.h~0009-mm-vmscan-Consider-anonymous-pages-without-swap include/linux/node.h
--- a/include/linux/node.h~0009-mm-vmscan-Consider-anonymous-pages-without-swap	2020-10-07 09:15:33.390642436 -0700
+++ b/include/linux/node.h	2020-10-07 09:15:33.399642436 -0700
@@ -180,4 +180,13 @@ static inline void register_hugetlbfs_wi
 
 #define to_node(device) container_of(device, struct node, dev)
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
+extern int next_demotion_node(int node);
+#else
+static inline int next_demotion_node(int node)
+{
+	return NUMA_NO_NODE;
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_NODE_H_ */
diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~0009-mm-vmscan-Consider-anonymous-pages-without-swap mm/vmscan.c
--- a/mm/vmscan.c~0009-mm-vmscan-Consider-anonymous-pages-without-swap	2020-10-07 09:15:33.392642436 -0700
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c	2020-10-07 09:15:33.400642436 -0700
@@ -290,6 +290,26 @@ static bool writeback_throttling_sane(st
 }
 #endif
 
+static inline bool can_reclaim_anon_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
+					  int node_id)
+{
+	/* Always age anon pages when we have swap */
+	if (memcg == NULL) {
+		if (get_nr_swap_pages() > 0)
+			return true;
+	} else {
+		if (mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages(memcg) > 0)
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Also age anon pages if we can auto-migrate them */
+	if (next_demotion_node(node_id) >= 0)
+		return true;
+
+	/* No way to reclaim anon pages */
+	return false;
+}
+
 /*
  * This misses isolated pages which are not accounted for to save counters.
  * As the data only determines if reclaim or compaction continues, it is
@@ -301,7 +321,7 @@ unsigned long zone_reclaimable_pages(str
 
 	nr = zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE) +
 		zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE);
-	if (get_nr_swap_pages() > 0)
+	if (can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, zone_to_nid(zone)))
 		nr += zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON) +
 			zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON);
 
@@ -2337,6 +2357,7 @@ enum scan_balance {
 static void get_scan_count(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc,
 			   unsigned long *nr)
 {
+	struct pglist_data *pgdat = lruvec_pgdat(lruvec);
 	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = lruvec_memcg(lruvec);
 	unsigned long anon_cost, file_cost, total_cost;
 	int swappiness = mem_cgroup_swappiness(memcg);
@@ -2347,7 +2368,7 @@ static void get_scan_count(struct lruvec
 	enum lru_list lru;
 
 	/* If we have no swap space, do not bother scanning anon pages. */
-	if (!sc->may_swap || mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages(memcg) <= 0) {
+	if (!sc->may_swap || !can_reclaim_anon_pages(memcg, pgdat->node_id)) {
 		scan_balance = SCAN_FILE;
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -2631,7 +2652,9 @@ static void shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec
 	 * Even if we did not try to evict anon pages at all, we want to
 	 * rebalance the anon lru active/inactive ratio.
 	 */
-	if (total_swap_pages && inactive_is_low(lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_ANON))
+	if (can_reclaim_anon_pages(lruvec_memcg(lruvec),
+			       lruvec_pgdat(lruvec)->node_id) &&
+	    inactive_is_low(lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_ANON))
 		shrink_active_list(SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, lruvec,
 				   sc, LRU_ACTIVE_ANON);
 }
@@ -2701,7 +2724,7 @@ static inline bool should_continue_recla
 	 */
 	pages_for_compaction = compact_gap(sc->order);
 	inactive_lru_pages = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_FILE);
-	if (get_nr_swap_pages() > 0)
+	if (can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, pgdat->node_id))
 		inactive_lru_pages += node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_ANON);
 
 	return inactive_lru_pages > pages_for_compaction;
@@ -3460,7 +3483,7 @@ static void age_active_anon(struct pglis
 	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
 	struct lruvec *lruvec;
 
-	if (!total_swap_pages)
+	if (!can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, pgdat->node_id))
 		return;
 
 	lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(NULL, pgdat);
_

[RFC][PATCH 8/9] mm/vmscan: never demote for memcg reclaim

[Dave Hansen]

From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>

Global reclaim aims to reduce the amount of memory used on
a given node or set of nodes.  Migrating pages to another
node serves this purpose.

memcg reclaim is different.  Its goal is to reduce the
total memory consumption of the entire memcg, across all
nodes.  Migration does not assist memcg reclaim because
it just moves page contents between nodes rather than
actually reducing memory consumption.

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Suggested-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---

 b/mm/vmscan.c |   33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~never-demote-for-memcg-reclaim mm/vmscan.c
--- a/mm/vmscan.c~never-demote-for-memcg-reclaim	2020-10-07 09:15:34.546642433 -0700
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c	2020-10-07 09:15:34.554642433 -0700
@@ -291,8 +291,11 @@ static bool writeback_throttling_sane(st
 #endif
 
 static inline bool can_reclaim_anon_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
-					  int node_id)
+					  int node_id,
+					  struct scan_control *sc)
 {
+	bool in_cgroup_reclaim = false;
+
 	/* Always age anon pages when we have swap */
 	if (memcg == NULL) {
 		if (get_nr_swap_pages() > 0)
@@ -302,8 +305,18 @@ static inline bool can_reclaim_anon_page
 			return true;
 	}
 
-	/* Also age anon pages if we can auto-migrate them */
-	if (next_demotion_node(node_id) >= 0)
+	/* Can only be in memcg reclaim in paths with valid 'sc': */
+	if (sc && cgroup_reclaim(sc))
+		in_cgroup_reclaim = true;
+
+	/*
+	 * Also age anon pages if we can auto-migrate them.
+	 *
+	 * Migrating a page does not reduce comsumption of a
+	 * memcg so should not be performed when in memcg
+	 * reclaim.
+	 */
+	if (!in_cgroup_reclaim && (next_demotion_node(node_id) >= 0))
 		return true;
 
 	/* No way to reclaim anon pages */
@@ -321,7 +334,7 @@ unsigned long zone_reclaimable_pages(str
 
 	nr = zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE) +
 		zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE);
-	if (can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, zone_to_nid(zone)))
+	if (can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, zone_to_nid(zone), NULL))
 		nr += zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON) +
 			zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON);
 
@@ -1064,6 +1077,10 @@ bool migrate_demote_page_ok(struct page
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageHuge(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(page), page);
 
+	/* It is pointless to do demotion in memcg reclaim */
+	if (cgroup_reclaim(sc))
+		return false;
+
 	if (next_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
 		return false;
 	if (PageTransHuge(page) && !thp_migration_supported())
@@ -2368,7 +2385,7 @@ static void get_scan_count(struct lruvec
 	enum lru_list lru;
 
 	/* If we have no swap space, do not bother scanning anon pages. */
-	if (!sc->may_swap || !can_reclaim_anon_pages(memcg, pgdat->node_id)) {
+	if (!sc->may_swap || !can_reclaim_anon_pages(memcg, pgdat->node_id, sc)) {
 		scan_balance = SCAN_FILE;
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -2653,7 +2670,7 @@ static void shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec
 	 * rebalance the anon lru active/inactive ratio.
 	 */
 	if (can_reclaim_anon_pages(lruvec_memcg(lruvec),
-			       lruvec_pgdat(lruvec)->node_id) &&
+			       lruvec_pgdat(lruvec)->node_id, sc) &&
 	    inactive_is_low(lruvec, LRU_INACTIVE_ANON))
 		shrink_active_list(SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, lruvec,
 				   sc, LRU_ACTIVE_ANON);
@@ -2724,7 +2741,7 @@ static inline bool should_continue_recla
 	 */
 	pages_for_compaction = compact_gap(sc->order);
 	inactive_lru_pages = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_FILE);
-	if (can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, pgdat->node_id))
+	if (can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, pgdat->node_id, sc))
 		inactive_lru_pages += node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_ANON);
 
 	return inactive_lru_pages > pages_for_compaction;
@@ -3483,7 +3500,7 @@ static void age_active_anon(struct pglis
 	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
 	struct lruvec *lruvec;
 
-	if (!can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, pgdat->node_id))
+	if (!can_reclaim_anon_pages(NULL, pgdat->node_id, sc))
 		return;
 
 	lruvec = mem_cgroup_lruvec(NULL, pgdat);
_

[RFC][PATCH 9/9] mm/migrate: new zone_reclaim_mode to enable reclaim migration

[Dave Hansen]

From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>

Some method is obviously needed to enable reclaim-based migration.

Just like traditional autonuma, there will be some workloads that
will benefit like workloads with more "static" configurations where
hot pages stay hot and cold pages stay cold.  If pages come and go
from the hot and cold sets, the benefits of this approach will be
more limited.

The benefits are truly workload-based and *not* hardware-based.
We do not believe that there is a viable threshold where certain
hardware configurations should have this mechanism enabled while
others do not.

To be conservative, earlier work defaulted to disable reclaim-
based migration and did not include a mechanism to enable it.
This propses extending the existing "zone_reclaim_mode" (now
now really node_reclaim_mode) as a method to enable it.

We are open to any alternative that allows end users to enable
this mechanism or disable it it workload harm is detected (just
like traditional autonuma).

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---

 b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst |    9 +++++++++
 b/include/linux/swap.h                    |    3 ++-
 b/include/uapi/linux/mempolicy.h          |    1 +
 b/mm/vmscan.c                             |    6 ++++--
 4 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff -puN Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst~RECLAIM_MIGRATE Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst~RECLAIM_MIGRATE	2020-10-07 09:15:35.622642430 -0700
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst	2020-10-07 09:15:35.640642430 -0700
@@ -969,6 +969,7 @@ This is value OR'ed together of
 1	Zone reclaim on
 2	Zone reclaim writes dirty pages out
 4	Zone reclaim swaps pages
+8	Zone reclaim migrates pages
 =	===================================
 
 zone_reclaim_mode is disabled by default.  For file servers or workloads
@@ -993,3 +994,11 @@ of other processes running on other node
 Allowing regular swap effectively restricts allocations to the local
 node unless explicitly overridden by memory policies or cpuset
 configurations.
+
+Page migration during reclaim is intended for systems with tiered memory
+configurations.  These systems have multiple types of memory with varied
+performance characteristics instead of plain NUMA systems where the same
+kind of memory is found at varied distances.  Allowing page migration
+during reclaim enables these systems to migrate pages from fast tiers to
+slow tiers when the fast tier is under pressure.  This migration is
+performed before swap.
diff -puN include/linux/swap.h~RECLAIM_MIGRATE include/linux/swap.h
--- a/include/linux/swap.h~RECLAIM_MIGRATE	2020-10-07 09:15:35.624642430 -0700
+++ b/include/linux/swap.h	2020-10-07 09:15:35.640642430 -0700
@@ -385,7 +385,8 @@ extern int sysctl_min_slab_ratio;
 static inline bool node_reclaim_enabled(void)
 {
 	/* Is any node_reclaim_mode bit set? */
-	return node_reclaim_mode & (RECLAIM_ZONE|RECLAIM_WRITE|RECLAIM_UNMAP);
+	return node_reclaim_mode & (RECLAIM_ZONE |RECLAIM_WRITE|
+				    RECLAIM_UNMAP|RECLAIM_MIGRATE);
 }
 
 extern void check_move_unevictable_pages(struct pagevec *pvec);
diff -puN include/uapi/linux/mempolicy.h~RECLAIM_MIGRATE include/uapi/linux/mempolicy.h
--- a/include/uapi/linux/mempolicy.h~RECLAIM_MIGRATE	2020-10-07 09:15:35.628642430 -0700
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/mempolicy.h	2020-10-07 09:15:35.640642430 -0700
@@ -69,5 +69,6 @@ enum {
 #define RECLAIM_ZONE	(1<<0)	/* Run shrink_inactive_list on the zone */
 #define RECLAIM_WRITE	(1<<1)	/* Writeout pages during reclaim */
 #define RECLAIM_UNMAP	(1<<2)	/* Unmap pages during reclaim */
+#define RECLAIM_MIGRATE	(1<<3)	/* Migrate to other nodes during reclaim */
 
 #endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_MEMPOLICY_H */
diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~RECLAIM_MIGRATE mm/vmscan.c
--- a/mm/vmscan.c~RECLAIM_MIGRATE	2020-10-07 09:15:35.630642430 -0700
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c	2020-10-07 09:15:35.641642430 -0700
@@ -1077,6 +1077,9 @@ bool migrate_demote_page_ok(struct page
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageHuge(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(page), page);
 
+	if (!(node_reclaim_mode & RECLAIM_MIGRATE))
+		return false;
+
 	/* It is pointless to do demotion in memcg reclaim */
 	if (cgroup_reclaim(sc))
 		return false;
@@ -1086,8 +1089,7 @@ bool migrate_demote_page_ok(struct page
 	if (PageTransHuge(page) && !thp_migration_supported())
 		return false;
 
-	// FIXME: actually enable this later in the series
-	return false;
+	return true;
 }
 
 
_

Re: [RFC][PATCH 3/9] mm/migrate: update migration order during on hotplug events

[osalvador]

On 2020-10-07 18:17, Dave Hansen wrote:
> From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
> 
> Reclaim-based migration is attempting to optimize data placement in
> memory based on the system topology.  If the system changes, so must
> the migration ordering.
> 
> The implementation here is pretty simple and entirely unoptimized.  On
> any memory or CPU hotplug events, assume that a node was added or
> removed and recalculate all migration targets.  This ensures that the
> node_demotion[] array is always ready to be used in case the new
> reclaim mode is enabled.
> 
> This recalculation is far from optimal, most glaringly that it does
> not even attempt to figure out if nodes are actually coming or going.
> But, given the expected paucity of hotplug events, this should be
> fine.

Hi Dave,

I am still going through all the details, but just wanted to comment 
early on this one.
Could not you hook into __try_online_node/try_offline_node?

In there we check whether a node should be brought up or removed due to 
lack of cpus and memory.
That is being checked during hot-remove operations.

We also have node_states_check_changes_{offline,online} and their pair 
node_states_{set,clear}_node, that checks during online/offline stages 
which states should be removed from the node, but that is only wrt. 
memory (I guess we would only be interested in N_MEMORY).

Thanks

Re: [RFC][PATCH 0/9] [v4][RESEND] Migrate Pages in lieu of discard

[Yang Shi]

On Wed, Oct 7, 2020 at 9:17 AM Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> wrote:
>
>
> Changes since (automigrate-20200818):
>  * Fall back to normal reclaim when demotion fails
>
> The full series is also available here:
>
>         https://github.com/hansendc/linux/tree/automigrate-20201007
>
> I really just want folks to look at:
>
>         [RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim
>
> I've reworked that so that it can both use the high-level migration
> API, and fall back to normal reclaim if migration fails.  I think
> that gives us the best of both worlds.

Thanks for doing this. Although I was inclined to think the kswapds on
PMEM nodes could make enough space for retrying migration later
instead of doing swap right away, this approach might be
over-engineering and over-killing. The simple immediate "retry regular
reclaim" approach also looks fine to me for the time being. We always
could optimize it later with more test results backed by real life
workloads.

>
> I'm posting the series in case folks want to run the whole thing.
>
> --
>
> We're starting to see systems with more and more kinds of memory such
> as Intel's implementation of persistent memory.
>
> Let's say you have a system with some DRAM and some persistent memory.
> Today, once DRAM fills up, reclaim will start and some of the DRAM
> contents will be thrown out.  Allocations will, at some point, start
> falling over to the slower persistent memory.
>
> That has two nasty properties.  First, the newer allocations can end
> up in the slower persistent memory.  Second, reclaimed data in DRAM
> are just discarded even if there are gobs of space in persistent
> memory that could be used.
>
> This set implements a solution to these problems.  At the end of the
> reclaim process in shrink_page_list() just before the last page
> refcount is dropped, the page is migrated to persistent memory instead
> of being dropped.
>
> While I've talked about a DRAM/PMEM pairing, this approach would
> function in any environment where memory tiers exist.
>
> This is not perfect.  It "strands" pages in slower memory and never
> brings them back to fast DRAM.  Other things need to be built to
> promote hot pages back to DRAM.
>
> This is also all based on an upstream mechanism that allows
> persistent memory to be onlined and used as if it were volatile:
>
>         http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190124231441.37A4A305@viggo.jf.intel.com
>
> == Open Issues ==
>
>  * For cpusets and memory policies that restrict allocations
>    to PMEM, is it OK to demote to PMEM?  Do we need a cgroup-
>    level API to opt-in or opt-out of these migrations?
>
> --
>
> Changes since (https://lwn.net/Articles/824830/):
>  * Use higher-level migrate_pages() API approach from Yang Shi's
>    earlier patches.
>  * made sure to actually check node_reclaim_mode's new bit
>  * disabled migration entirely before introducing RECLAIM_MIGRATE
>  * Replace GFP_NOWAIT with explicit __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM and
>    comment why we want that.
>  * Comment on effects of that keep multiple source nodes from
>    sharing target nodes
>
> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
> Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>

Re: [RFC][PATCH 6/9] mm/vmscan: add page demotion counter

[Huang, Ying]

Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> writes:

> From: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
>
> Account the number of demoted pages into reclaim_state->nr_demoted.

It appears that you don't add "nr_demoted" into struct reclaim_state.

> Add pgdemote_kswapd and pgdemote_direct VM counters showed in
> /proc/vmstat.
>
> [ daveh:
>    - __count_vm_events() a bit, and made them look at the THP
>      size directly rather than getting data from migrate_pages()

It appears that we get the data from migrate_pages() now.

> ]
>
> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
> Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
> ---
>
>  b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h |    2 ++
>  b/mm/vmscan.c                   |    6 ++++++
>  b/mm/vmstat.c                   |    2 ++
>  3 files changed, 10 insertions(+)
>
> diff -puN include/linux/vm_event_item.h~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter include/linux/vm_event_item.h
> --- a/include/linux/vm_event_item.h~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter	2020-10-07 09:15:32.171642439 -0700
> +++ b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h	2020-10-07 09:15:32.179642439 -0700
> @@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ enum vm_event_item { PGPGIN, PGPGOUT, PS
>  		PGREUSE,
>  		PGSTEAL_KSWAPD,
>  		PGSTEAL_DIRECT,
> +		PGDEMOTE_KSWAPD,
> +		PGDEMOTE_DIRECT,
>  		PGSCAN_KSWAPD,
>  		PGSCAN_DIRECT,
>  		PGSCAN_DIRECT_THROTTLE,
> diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter mm/vmscan.c
> --- a/mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter	2020-10-07 09:15:32.173642439 -0700
> +++ b/mm/vmscan.c	2020-10-07 09:15:32.180642439 -0700
> @@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ struct scan_control {
>  		unsigned int immediate;
>  		unsigned int file_taken;
>  		unsigned int taken;
> +		unsigned int demoted;

It appears that this newly added field isn't used in the patch.

>  	} nr;
>  
>  	/* for recording the reclaimed slab by now */
> @@ -1134,6 +1135,11 @@ static unsigned int demote_page_list(str
>  			    target_nid, MIGRATE_ASYNC, MR_DEMOTION,
>  			    &nr_succeeded);
>  
> +	if (current_is_kswapd())
> +		__count_vm_events(PGDEMOTE_KSWAPD, nr_succeeded);
> +	else
> +		__count_vm_events(PGDEMOTE_DIRECT, nr_succeeded);
> +
>  	return nr_succeeded;
>  }
>  
> diff -puN mm/vmstat.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter mm/vmstat.c
> --- a/mm/vmstat.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter	2020-10-07 09:15:32.175642439 -0700
> +++ b/mm/vmstat.c	2020-10-07 09:15:32.181642439 -0700
> @@ -1244,6 +1244,8 @@ const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
>  	"pgreuse",
>  	"pgsteal_kswapd",
>  	"pgsteal_direct",
> +	"pgdemote_kswapd",
> +	"pgdemote_direct",
>  	"pgscan_kswapd",
>  	"pgscan_direct",
>  	"pgscan_direct_throttle",
> _

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

Re: [RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim

[Oscar Salvador]

On Wed, Oct 07, 2020 at 09:17:45AM -0700, Dave Hansen wrote:
> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
> Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

I am still going through all the details, but just my thoughts on things
that caught my eye:

> --- a/include/linux/migrate.h~demote-with-migrate_pages	2020-10-07 09:15:31.028642442 -0700
> +++ b/include/linux/migrate.h	2020-10-07 09:15:31.034642442 -0700
> @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ enum migrate_reason {
>  	MR_MEMPOLICY_MBIND,
>  	MR_NUMA_MISPLACED,
>  	MR_CONTIG_RANGE,
> +	MR_DEMOTION,
>  	MR_TYPES

I think you also need to add it under include/trace/events/migrate.h, so
mm_migrate_pages event can know about it.

> +bool migrate_demote_page_ok(struct page *page, struct scan_control *sc)

Make it static?
Also, scan_control seems to be unused here.

> +{
> +	int next_nid = next_demotion_node(page_to_nid(page));
> +
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);

Right after the call to migrate_demote_page_ok, we call unlock_page
which already has this check in place.
I know that this is only to be on the safe side and we do not loss anything,
but just my thoughts.

> +static struct page *alloc_demote_page(struct page *page, unsigned long node)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * Try to fail quickly if memory on the target node is not
> +	 * available.  Leaving out __GFP_IO and __GFP_FS helps with
> +	 * this.  If the desintation node is full, we want kswapd to
> +	 * run there so that its pages will get reclaimed and future
> +	 * migration attempts may succeed.
> +	 */
> +	gfp_t flags = (__GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_MOVABLE | __GFP_NORETRY |
> +		       __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_THISNODE |
> +		       __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM);

I think it would be nicer to have this as a real GFP_ thingy defined.
e.g: GFP_DEMOTION

> +	/* HugeTLB pages should not be on the LRU */
> +	WARN_ON_ONCE(PageHuge(page));

I am not sure about this one.
This could only happen if the page, which now it is in another list, ends up in
the buddy system. That is quite unlikely bth.
And nevertheless, this is only a warning, which means that if this scenario gets
to happen, we will be allocating a single page to satisfy a higher-order page, and
I am not sure about the situation we will end up with.

> +
> +	if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
> +		struct page *thp;
> +
> +		flags |= __GFP_COMP;
> +
> +		thp = alloc_pages_node(node, flags, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
> +		if (!thp)
> +			return NULL;
> +		prep_transhuge_page(thp);
> +		return thp;
> +	}
> +
> +	return __alloc_pages_node(node, flags, 0);

Would make sense to transform this in some sort of new_demotion_page,
which actually calls alloc_migration_target with the right stuff in place?
And then pass a struct migration_target_control so alloc_migration_target
does the right thing.
alloc_migration_target also takes care of calling prep_transhuge_page
when needed.
e.g:

static struct page *new_demotion_node(struct page *page, unsigned long private)
{
        struct migration_target_control mtc = {
                .nid = private,
                .gfp_mask = GFP_DEMOTION,
        };

        if (PageTransHuge(page))
                mtc.gfp_mask |= __GFP_COMP;

        return alloc_migration_target(page, (unsigned long)&mtc);
}

The only thing I see is that alloc_migration_target seems to "override"
the gfp_mask and does ORs GFP_TRANSHUGE for THP pages, which includes
__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM (not appreciated in this case).
But maybe this can be worked around by checking if gfp_mask == GFP_DEMOTION,
and if so, just keep the mask as it is.

> +
> +	if (list_empty(demote_pages))
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	/* Demotion ignores all cpuset and mempolicy settings */
> +	err = migrate_pages(demote_pages, alloc_demote_page, NULL,
> +			    target_nid, MIGRATE_ASYNC, MR_DEMOTION,
> +			    &nr_succeeded);

As I said, instead of alloc_demote_page, use a new_demote_page and make
alloc_migration_target handle the allocations and prep thp pages.


-- 
Oscar Salvador
SUSE L3

Re: [RFC][PATCH 6/9] mm/vmscan: add page demotion counter

[Yang Shi]

On Mon, Oct 19, 2020 at 12:38 AM Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> wrote:
>
> Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> writes:
>
> > From: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
> >
> > Account the number of demoted pages into reclaim_state->nr_demoted.
>
> It appears that you don't add "nr_demoted" into struct reclaim_state.
>
> > Add pgdemote_kswapd and pgdemote_direct VM counters showed in
> > /proc/vmstat.
> >
> > [ daveh:
> >    - __count_vm_events() a bit, and made them look at the THP
> >      size directly rather than getting data from migrate_pages()
>
> It appears that we get the data from migrate_pages() now.
>
> > ]
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
> > Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
> > Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> > Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
> > Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
> > ---
> >
> >  b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h |    2 ++
> >  b/mm/vmscan.c                   |    6 ++++++
> >  b/mm/vmstat.c                   |    2 ++
> >  3 files changed, 10 insertions(+)
> >
> > diff -puN include/linux/vm_event_item.h~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter include/linux/vm_event_item.h
> > --- a/include/linux/vm_event_item.h~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter       2020-10-07 09:15:32.171642439 -0700
> > +++ b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h   2020-10-07 09:15:32.179642439 -0700
> > @@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ enum vm_event_item { PGPGIN, PGPGOUT, PS
> >               PGREUSE,
> >               PGSTEAL_KSWAPD,
> >               PGSTEAL_DIRECT,
> > +             PGDEMOTE_KSWAPD,
> > +             PGDEMOTE_DIRECT,
> >               PGSCAN_KSWAPD,
> >               PGSCAN_DIRECT,
> >               PGSCAN_DIRECT_THROTTLE,
> > diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter mm/vmscan.c
> > --- a/mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter 2020-10-07 09:15:32.173642439 -0700
> > +++ b/mm/vmscan.c     2020-10-07 09:15:32.180642439 -0700
> > @@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ struct scan_control {
> >               unsigned int immediate;
> >               unsigned int file_taken;
> >               unsigned int taken;
> > +             unsigned int demoted;
>
> It appears that this newly added field isn't used in the patch.

My original patch tracked nr_demoted in reclaim_stat as well, but it
seems Dave dropped that part. If Dave thinks it is not necessary to
keep tracking nr_demoted in reclaim_stat, then that field should be
dropped.

>
> >       } nr;
> >
> >       /* for recording the reclaimed slab by now */
> > @@ -1134,6 +1135,11 @@ static unsigned int demote_page_list(str
> >                           target_nid, MIGRATE_ASYNC, MR_DEMOTION,
> >                           &nr_succeeded);
> >
> > +     if (current_is_kswapd())
> > +             __count_vm_events(PGDEMOTE_KSWAPD, nr_succeeded);
> > +     else
> > +             __count_vm_events(PGDEMOTE_DIRECT, nr_succeeded);
> > +
> >       return nr_succeeded;
> >  }
> >
> > diff -puN mm/vmstat.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter mm/vmstat.c
> > --- a/mm/vmstat.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter 2020-10-07 09:15:32.175642439 -0700
> > +++ b/mm/vmstat.c     2020-10-07 09:15:32.181642439 -0700
> > @@ -1244,6 +1244,8 @@ const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
> >       "pgreuse",
> >       "pgsteal_kswapd",
> >       "pgsteal_direct",
> > +     "pgdemote_kswapd",
> > +     "pgdemote_direct",
> >       "pgscan_kswapd",
> >       "pgscan_direct",
> >       "pgscan_direct_throttle",
> > _
>
> Best Regards,
> Huang, Ying
>

Re: [RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim

[Yang Shi]

On Tue, Oct 27, 2020 at 8:29 AM Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Oct 07, 2020 at 09:17:45AM -0700, Dave Hansen wrote:
> > Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
> > Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
> > Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
> > Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> > Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
>
> I am still going through all the details, but just my thoughts on things
> that caught my eye:
>
> > --- a/include/linux/migrate.h~demote-with-migrate_pages       2020-10-07 09:15:31.028642442 -0700
> > +++ b/include/linux/migrate.h 2020-10-07 09:15:31.034642442 -0700
> > @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ enum migrate_reason {
> >       MR_MEMPOLICY_MBIND,
> >       MR_NUMA_MISPLACED,
> >       MR_CONTIG_RANGE,
> > +     MR_DEMOTION,
> >       MR_TYPES
>
> I think you also need to add it under include/trace/events/migrate.h, so
> mm_migrate_pages event can know about it.

Agree.

>
> > +bool migrate_demote_page_ok(struct page *page, struct scan_control *sc)
>
> Make it static?
> Also, scan_control seems to be unused here.
>
> > +{
> > +     int next_nid = next_demotion_node(page_to_nid(page));
> > +
> > +     VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>
> Right after the call to migrate_demote_page_ok, we call unlock_page
> which already has this check in place.
> I know that this is only to be on the safe side and we do not loss anything,
> but just my thoughts.
>
> > +static struct page *alloc_demote_page(struct page *page, unsigned long node)
> > +{
> > +     /*
> > +      * Try to fail quickly if memory on the target node is not
> > +      * available.  Leaving out __GFP_IO and __GFP_FS helps with
> > +      * this.  If the desintation node is full, we want kswapd to
> > +      * run there so that its pages will get reclaimed and future
> > +      * migration attempts may succeed.
> > +      */
> > +     gfp_t flags = (__GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_MOVABLE | __GFP_NORETRY |
> > +                    __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_THISNODE |
> > +                    __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM);
>
> I think it would be nicer to have this as a real GFP_ thingy defined.
> e.g: GFP_DEMOTION
>
> > +     /* HugeTLB pages should not be on the LRU */
> > +     WARN_ON_ONCE(PageHuge(page));
>
> I am not sure about this one.
> This could only happen if the page, which now it is in another list, ends up in
> the buddy system. That is quite unlikely bth.
> And nevertheless, this is only a warning, which means that if this scenario gets
> to happen, we will be allocating a single page to satisfy a higher-order page, and
> I am not sure about the situation we will end up with.

IMHO, we should use BUG_ON instead of WARN_ON or we should just back
off if we see hugetlb page in this path and print out some warning.

>
> > +
> > +     if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
> > +             struct page *thp;
> > +
> > +             flags |= __GFP_COMP;
> > +
> > +             thp = alloc_pages_node(node, flags, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
> > +             if (!thp)
> > +                     return NULL;
> > +             prep_transhuge_page(thp);
> > +             return thp;
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     return __alloc_pages_node(node, flags, 0);
>
> Would make sense to transform this in some sort of new_demotion_page,
> which actually calls alloc_migration_target with the right stuff in place?
> And then pass a struct migration_target_control so alloc_migration_target
> does the right thing.
> alloc_migration_target also takes care of calling prep_transhuge_page
> when needed.
> e.g:
>
> static struct page *new_demotion_node(struct page *page, unsigned long private)
> {
>         struct migration_target_control mtc = {
>                 .nid = private,
>                 .gfp_mask = GFP_DEMOTION,
>         };
>
>         if (PageTransHuge(page))
>                 mtc.gfp_mask |= __GFP_COMP;
>
>         return alloc_migration_target(page, (unsigned long)&mtc);
> }
>
> The only thing I see is that alloc_migration_target seems to "override"
> the gfp_mask and does ORs GFP_TRANSHUGE for THP pages, which includes
> __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM (not appreciated in this case).
> But maybe this can be worked around by checking if gfp_mask == GFP_DEMOTION,
> and if so, just keep the mask as it is.

Makes sense to me.

>
> > +
> > +     if (list_empty(demote_pages))
> > +             return 0;
> > +
> > +     /* Demotion ignores all cpuset and mempolicy settings */
> > +     err = migrate_pages(demote_pages, alloc_demote_page, NULL,
> > +                         target_nid, MIGRATE_ASYNC, MR_DEMOTION,
> > +                         &nr_succeeded);
>
> As I said, instead of alloc_demote_page, use a new_demote_page and make
> alloc_migration_target handle the allocations and prep thp pages.
>
>
> --
> Oscar Salvador
> SUSE L3
>

Re: [RFC][PATCH 6/9] mm/vmscan: add page demotion counter

[Huang, Ying]

Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> writes:

> On Mon, Oct 19, 2020 at 12:38 AM Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> wrote:
>>
>> Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> writes:
>>
>> > From: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
>> >
>> > Account the number of demoted pages into reclaim_state->nr_demoted.
>>
>> It appears that you don't add "nr_demoted" into struct reclaim_state.
>>
>> > Add pgdemote_kswapd and pgdemote_direct VM counters showed in
>> > /proc/vmstat.
>> >
>> > [ daveh:
>> >    - __count_vm_events() a bit, and made them look at the THP
>> >      size directly rather than getting data from migrate_pages()
>>
>> It appears that we get the data from migrate_pages() now.
>>
>> > ]
>> >
>> > Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
>> > Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
>> > Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
>> > Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
>> > Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
>> > Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>> > ---
>> >
>> >  b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h |    2 ++
>> >  b/mm/vmscan.c                   |    6 ++++++
>> >  b/mm/vmstat.c                   |    2 ++
>> >  3 files changed, 10 insertions(+)
>> >
>> > diff -puN include/linux/vm_event_item.h~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter include/linux/vm_event_item.h
>> > --- a/include/linux/vm_event_item.h~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter       2020-10-07 09:15:32.171642439 -0700
>> > +++ b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h   2020-10-07 09:15:32.179642439 -0700
>> > @@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ enum vm_event_item { PGPGIN, PGPGOUT, PS
>> >               PGREUSE,
>> >               PGSTEAL_KSWAPD,
>> >               PGSTEAL_DIRECT,
>> > +             PGDEMOTE_KSWAPD,
>> > +             PGDEMOTE_DIRECT,
>> >               PGSCAN_KSWAPD,
>> >               PGSCAN_DIRECT,
>> >               PGSCAN_DIRECT_THROTTLE,
>> > diff -puN mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter mm/vmscan.c
>> > --- a/mm/vmscan.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter 2020-10-07 09:15:32.173642439 -0700
>> > +++ b/mm/vmscan.c     2020-10-07 09:15:32.180642439 -0700
>> > @@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ struct scan_control {
>> >               unsigned int immediate;
>> >               unsigned int file_taken;
>> >               unsigned int taken;
>> > +             unsigned int demoted;
>>
>> It appears that this newly added field isn't used in the patch.
>
> My original patch tracked nr_demoted in reclaim_stat as well, but it
> seems Dave dropped that part. If Dave thinks it is not necessary to
> keep tracking nr_demoted in reclaim_stat, then that field should be
> dropped.

Personally, I prefer to collect nr_demoted in struct reclaim_stat and
call counting functions in shrink_inactive_list() as other reclaiming
statistics.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

>>
>> >       } nr;
>> >
>> >       /* for recording the reclaimed slab by now */
>> > @@ -1134,6 +1135,11 @@ static unsigned int demote_page_list(str
>> >                           target_nid, MIGRATE_ASYNC, MR_DEMOTION,
>> >                           &nr_succeeded);
>> >
>> > +     if (current_is_kswapd())
>> > +             __count_vm_events(PGDEMOTE_KSWAPD, nr_succeeded);
>> > +     else
>> > +             __count_vm_events(PGDEMOTE_DIRECT, nr_succeeded);
>> > +
>> >       return nr_succeeded;
>> >  }
>> >
>> > diff -puN mm/vmstat.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter mm/vmstat.c
>> > --- a/mm/vmstat.c~mm-vmscan-add-page-demotion-counter 2020-10-07 09:15:32.175642439 -0700
>> > +++ b/mm/vmstat.c     2020-10-07 09:15:32.181642439 -0700
>> > @@ -1244,6 +1244,8 @@ const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
>> >       "pgreuse",
>> >       "pgsteal_kswapd",
>> >       "pgsteal_direct",
>> > +     "pgdemote_kswapd",
>> > +     "pgdemote_direct",
>> >       "pgscan_kswapd",
>> >       "pgscan_direct",
>> >       "pgscan_direct_throttle",
>> > _
>>
>> Best Regards,
>> Huang, Ying
>>

Re: [RFC][PATCH 7/9] mm/vmscan: Consider anonymous pages without swap

[Oscar Salvador]

On Wed, Oct 07, 2020 at 09:17:49AM -0700, Dave Hansen wrote:
> 
> From: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
> 
> Age and reclaim anonymous pages if a migration path is available. The
> node has other recourses for inactive anonymous pages beyond swap,
> 
> #Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
> Cc: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
> [vishal: fixup the migration->demotion rename]
> Signed-off-by: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
> Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>

I have a question regarding this one.

It seems that we do have places where we read total_swap_pages directly and other
places where we use get_nr_swap_pages.
One seems to give the total number of swap pages, while the other gives 
the number of free swap pages.

With this patch, we will use always the atomic version get_nr_swap_pages from
now on.
Is that ok? I guess so, but it might warrant a mention in the changelog?

E.g: age_active_anon seems to base one of its decisions on whether we have
swap (it seems it does not care if swap space is available).

-- 
Oscar Salvador
SUSE L3

Re: [RFC][PATCH 7/9] mm/vmscan: Consider anonymous pages without swap

[Dave Hansen]

On 10/29/20 1:14 AM, Oscar Salvador wrote:
> With this patch, we will use always the atomic version
> get_nr_swap_pages from now on. Is that ok? I guess so, but it might
> warrant a mention in the changelog?

I _think_ it's OK.  But, you're right that it's a potential behavior
change that's not mentioned in the changelog.

I'll mention it in the changelog and see if I can dream up any other
practical implications from this change.

Thanks for taking a look!

Re: [RFC][PATCH 7/9] mm/vmscan: Consider anonymous pages without swap

[Yang Shi]

On Thu, Oct 29, 2020 at 7:33 AM Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On 10/29/20 1:14 AM, Oscar Salvador wrote:
> > With this patch, we will use always the atomic version
> > get_nr_swap_pages from now on. Is that ok? I guess so, but it might
> > warrant a mention in the changelog?
>
> I _think_ it's OK.  But, you're right that it's a potential behavior
> change that's not mentioned in the changelog.
>
> I'll mention it in the changelog and see if I can dream up any other
> practical implications from this change.

IMHO, we don't have to modify those two places at all. They are used
to rebalance the anon lru active/inactive ratio even if we did not try
to evict anon pages at all, so "total_swap_pages" is used instead of
checking swappiness and available swap space.

The changes may result in imbalanced anon lru.

>
> Thanks for taking a look!
>

Re: [RFC][PATCH 7/9] mm/vmscan: Consider anonymous pages without swap

[osalvador]

On Thu, Oct 29, 2020 at 08:57:32AM -0700, Yang Shi wrote:
> IMHO, we don't have to modify those two places at all. They are used
> to rebalance the anon lru active/inactive ratio even if we did not try
> to evict anon pages at all, so "total_swap_pages" is used instead of
> checking swappiness and available swap space.
> 
> The changes may result in imbalanced anon lru.

I might be missing something, so bear with me.

It is true that since we are only rebalancing the lists, we do not need to
check for swap space yet, but here we are also adding a new end-point where we
can migrate to in case of memory pressure.

So in case we can demote pages, it makes sense to proceed with the aging
and rebalancing regardless of whether we have swap in place, right?

But maybe the right procedure would be to perform some sort of the
following check in those two places:

	if (total_swap_pages || can_migrate_to_demote_node)
		- proceed_with_rebalancing_or_aging

--
Oscar Salvador
SUSE L3

Re: [RFC][PATCH 7/9] mm/vmscan: Consider anonymous pages without swap

[Yang Shi]

On Thu, Oct 29, 2020 at 12:08 PM osalvador <osalvador@suse.de> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Oct 29, 2020 at 08:57:32AM -0700, Yang Shi wrote:
> > IMHO, we don't have to modify those two places at all. They are used
> > to rebalance the anon lru active/inactive ratio even if we did not try
> > to evict anon pages at all, so "total_swap_pages" is used instead of
> > checking swappiness and available swap space.
> >
> > The changes may result in imbalanced anon lru.
>
> I might be missing something, so bear with me.
>
> It is true that since we are only rebalancing the lists, we do not need to
> check for swap space yet, but here we are also adding a new end-point where we
> can migrate to in case of memory pressure.
>
> So in case we can demote pages, it makes sense to proceed with the aging
> and rebalancing regardless of whether we have swap in place, right?

Yes, makes sense. I missed that point.

>
> But maybe the right procedure would be to perform some sort of the
> following check in those two places:
>
>         if (total_swap_pages || can_migrate_to_demote_node)
>                 - proceed_with_rebalancing_or_aging

Looks sane to me.

>
> --
> Oscar Salvador
> SUSE L3

Re: [RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim

[Yang Shi]

On Thu, Aug 20, 2020 at 5:57 PM Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> wrote:
>
> Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> writes:
>
> > On Thu, Aug 20, 2020 at 8:22 AM Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> On 8/20/20 1:06 AM, Huang, Ying wrote:
> >> >> +    /* Migrate pages selected for demotion */
> >> >> +    nr_reclaimed += demote_page_list(&ret_pages, &demote_pages, pgdat, sc);
> >> >> +
> >> >>      pgactivate = stat->nr_activate[0] + stat->nr_activate[1];
> >> >>
> >> >>      mem_cgroup_uncharge_list(&free_pages);
> >> >> _
> >> > Generally, it's good to batch the page migration.  But one side effect
> >> > is that, if the pages are failed to be migrated, they will be placed
> >> > back to the LRU list instead of falling back to be reclaimed really.
> >> > This may cause some issue in some situation.  For example, if there's no
> >> > enough space in the PMEM (slow) node, so the page migration fails, OOM
> >> > may be triggered, because the direct reclaiming on the DRAM (fast) node
> >> > may make no progress, while it can reclaim some pages really before.
> >>
> >> Yes, agreed.
> >
> > Kind of. But I think that should be transient and very rare. The
> > kswapd on pmem nodes will be waken up to drop pages when we try to
> > allocate migration target pages. It should be very rare that there is
> > not reclaimable page on pmem nodes.
> >
> >>
> >> There are a couple of ways we could fix this.  Instead of splicing
> >> 'demote_pages' back into 'ret_pages', we could try to get them back on
> >> 'page_list' and goto the beginning on shrink_page_list().  This will
> >> probably yield the best behavior, but might be a bit ugly.
> >>
> >> We could also add a field to 'struct scan_control' and just stop trying
> >> to migrate after it has failed one or more times.  The trick will be
> >> picking a threshold that doesn't mess with either the normal reclaim
> >> rate or the migration rate.
> >
> > In my patchset I implemented a fallback mechanism via adding a new
> > PGDAT_CONTENDED node flag. Please check this out:
> > https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/10993839/.
> >
> > Basically the PGDAT_CONTENDED flag will be set once migrate_pages()
> > return -ENOMEM which indicates the target pmem node is under memory
> > pressure, then it would fallback to regular reclaim path. The flag
> > would be cleared by clear_pgdat_congested() once the pmem node memory
> > pressure is gone.
>
> There may be some races between the flag set and clear.  For example,
>
> - try to migrate some pages from DRAM node to PMEM node
>
> - no enough free pages on the PMEM node, so wakeup kswapd
>
> - kswapd on PMEM node reclaimed some page and try to clear
>   PGDAT_CONTENDED on DRAM node
>
> - set PGDAT_CONTENDED on DRAM node

Yes, the race is true. Someone else may set PGDAT_CONTENDED, but pmem
node's kswapd already went to sleep, so the flag might be not be able
to be cleared for a while.

I think this can be solved easily. We can just move the flag set to
kswapd. Once kswapd is waken up we know there is kind of memory
pressure on that node, then set the flag, clear the flag when kswapd
goes to sleep. kswapd is single threaded and just set/clear its own
node's flag, so there should be no race if I don't miss something.

>
> This may be resolvable.  But I still prefer to fallback to real page
> reclaiming directly for the pages failed to be migrated.  That looks
> more robust.
>
> Best Regards,
> Huang, Ying
>
> > We already use node flags to indicate the state of node in reclaim
> > code, i.e. PGDAT_WRITEBACK, PGDAT_DIRTY, etc. So, adding a new flag
> > sounds more straightforward to me IMHO.
> >
> >>
> >> This is on my list to fix up next.
> >>

Re: [RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim

[Huang, Ying]

Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> writes:

> On Thu, Aug 20, 2020 at 8:22 AM Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> wrote:
>>
>> On 8/20/20 1:06 AM, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> >> +    /* Migrate pages selected for demotion */
>> >> +    nr_reclaimed += demote_page_list(&ret_pages, &demote_pages, pgdat, sc);
>> >> +
>> >>      pgactivate = stat->nr_activate[0] + stat->nr_activate[1];
>> >>
>> >>      mem_cgroup_uncharge_list(&free_pages);
>> >> _
>> > Generally, it's good to batch the page migration.  But one side effect
>> > is that, if the pages are failed to be migrated, they will be placed
>> > back to the LRU list instead of falling back to be reclaimed really.
>> > This may cause some issue in some situation.  For example, if there's no
>> > enough space in the PMEM (slow) node, so the page migration fails, OOM
>> > may be triggered, because the direct reclaiming on the DRAM (fast) node
>> > may make no progress, while it can reclaim some pages really before.
>>
>> Yes, agreed.
>
> Kind of. But I think that should be transient and very rare. The
> kswapd on pmem nodes will be waken up to drop pages when we try to
> allocate migration target pages. It should be very rare that there is
> not reclaimable page on pmem nodes.
>
>>
>> There are a couple of ways we could fix this.  Instead of splicing
>> 'demote_pages' back into 'ret_pages', we could try to get them back on
>> 'page_list' and goto the beginning on shrink_page_list().  This will
>> probably yield the best behavior, but might be a bit ugly.
>>
>> We could also add a field to 'struct scan_control' and just stop trying
>> to migrate after it has failed one or more times.  The trick will be
>> picking a threshold that doesn't mess with either the normal reclaim
>> rate or the migration rate.
>
> In my patchset I implemented a fallback mechanism via adding a new
> PGDAT_CONTENDED node flag. Please check this out:
> https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/10993839/.
>
> Basically the PGDAT_CONTENDED flag will be set once migrate_pages()
> return -ENOMEM which indicates the target pmem node is under memory
> pressure, then it would fallback to regular reclaim path. The flag
> would be cleared by clear_pgdat_congested() once the pmem node memory
> pressure is gone.

There may be some races between the flag set and clear.  For example,

- try to migrate some pages from DRAM node to PMEM node

- no enough free pages on the PMEM node, so wakeup kswapd

- kswapd on PMEM node reclaimed some page and try to clear
  PGDAT_CONTENDED on DRAM node

- set PGDAT_CONTENDED on DRAM node
 
This may be resolvable.  But I still prefer to fallback to real page
reclaiming directly for the pages failed to be migrated.  That looks
more robust.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

> We already use node flags to indicate the state of node in reclaim
> code, i.e. PGDAT_WRITEBACK, PGDAT_DIRTY, etc. So, adding a new flag
> sounds more straightforward to me IMHO.
>
>>
>> This is on my list to fix up next.
>>

Re: [RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim

[Yang Shi]

On Thu, Aug 20, 2020 at 8:22 AM Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> wrote:
>
> On 8/20/20 1:06 AM, Huang, Ying wrote:
> >> +    /* Migrate pages selected for demotion */
> >> +    nr_reclaimed += demote_page_list(&ret_pages, &demote_pages, pgdat, sc);
> >> +
> >>      pgactivate = stat->nr_activate[0] + stat->nr_activate[1];
> >>
> >>      mem_cgroup_uncharge_list(&free_pages);
> >> _
> > Generally, it's good to batch the page migration.  But one side effect
> > is that, if the pages are failed to be migrated, they will be placed
> > back to the LRU list instead of falling back to be reclaimed really.
> > This may cause some issue in some situation.  For example, if there's no
> > enough space in the PMEM (slow) node, so the page migration fails, OOM
> > may be triggered, because the direct reclaiming on the DRAM (fast) node
> > may make no progress, while it can reclaim some pages really before.
>
> Yes, agreed.

Kind of. But I think that should be transient and very rare. The
kswapd on pmem nodes will be waken up to drop pages when we try to
allocate migration target pages. It should be very rare that there is
not reclaimable page on pmem nodes.

>
> There are a couple of ways we could fix this.  Instead of splicing
> 'demote_pages' back into 'ret_pages', we could try to get them back on
> 'page_list' and goto the beginning on shrink_page_list().  This will
> probably yield the best behavior, but might be a bit ugly.
>
> We could also add a field to 'struct scan_control' and just stop trying
> to migrate after it has failed one or more times.  The trick will be
> picking a threshold that doesn't mess with either the normal reclaim
> rate or the migration rate.

In my patchset I implemented a fallback mechanism via adding a new
PGDAT_CONTENDED node flag. Please check this out:
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/10993839/.

Basically the PGDAT_CONTENDED flag will be set once migrate_pages()
return -ENOMEM which indicates the target pmem node is under memory
pressure, then it would fallback to regular reclaim path. The flag
would be cleared by clear_pgdat_congested() once the pmem node memory
pressure is gone.

We already use node flags to indicate the state of node in reclaim
code, i.e. PGDAT_WRITEBACK, PGDAT_DIRTY, etc. So, adding a new flag
sounds more straightforward to me IMHO.

>
> This is on my list to fix up next.
>

Re: [RFC][PATCH 5/9] mm/migrate: demote pages during reclaim

[Dave Hansen]

On 8/20/20 1:06 AM, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> +	/* Migrate pages selected for demotion */
>> +	nr_reclaimed += demote_page_list(&ret_pages, &demote_pages, pgdat, sc);
>> +
>>  	pgactivate = stat->nr_activate[0] + stat->nr_activate[1];
>>  
>>  	mem_cgroup_uncharge_list(&free_pages);
>> _
> Generally, it's good to batch the page migration.  But one side effect
> is that, if the pages are failed to be migrated, they will be placed
> back to the LRU list instead of falling back to be reclaimed really.
> This may cause some issue in some situation.  For example, if there's no
> enough space in the PMEM (slow) node, so the page migration fails, OOM
> may be triggered, because the direct reclaiming on the DRAM (fast) node
> may make no progress, while it can reclaim some pages really before.

Yes, agreed.

There are a couple of ways we could fix this.  Instead of splicing
'demote_pages' back into 'ret_pages', we could try to get them back on
'page_list' and goto the beginning on shrink_page_list().  This will
probably yield the best behavior, but might be a bit ugly.

We could also add a field to 'struct scan_control' and just stop trying
to migrate after it has failed one or more times.  The trick will be
picking a threshold that doesn't mess with either the normal reclaim
rate or the migration rate.

This is on my list to fix up next.