[PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[Roger Pau Monne]

To be used in order to create foreign mappings. This is based on the
ZONE_DEVICE facility which is used by persistent memory devices in
order to create struct pages and kernel virtual mappings for the IOMEM
areas of such devices. Note that on kernels without support for
ZONE_DEVICE Xen will fallback to use ballooned pages in order to
create foreign mappings.

The newly added helpers use the same parameters as the existing
{alloc/free}_xenballooned_pages functions, which allows for in-place
replacement of the callers. Once a memory region has been added to be
used as scratch mapping space it will no longer be released, and pages
returned are kept in a linked list. This allows to have a buffer of
pages and prevents resorting to frequent additions and removals of
regions.

If enabled (because ZONE_DEVICE is supported) the usage of the new
functionality untangles Xen balloon and RAM hotplug from the usage of
unpopulated physical memory ranges to map foreign pages, which is the
correct thing to do in order to avoid mappings of foreign pages depend
on memory hotplug.

Signed-off-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
---
I've not added a new memory_type type and just used
MEMORY_DEVICE_DEVDAX which seems to be what we want for such memory
regions. I'm unsure whether abusing this type is fine, or if I should
instead add a specific type, maybe MEMORY_DEVICE_GENERIC? I don't
think we should be using a specific Xen type at all.
---
Cc: Oleksandr Andrushchenko <oleksandr_andrushchenko@epam.com>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Cc: Roger Pau Monne <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Cc: Wei Liu <wl@xen.org>
Cc: Yan Yankovskyi <yyankovskyi@gmail.com>
Cc: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
---
Changes since v2:
 - Drop BUILD_BUG_ON regarding PVMMU page sizes.
 - Use a SPDX license identifier.
 - Call fill with only the minimum required number of pages.
 - Include xen.h header in xen_drm_front_gem.c.
 - Use less generic function names.
 - Exit early from the init function if not a PV guest.
 - Don't use all caps for region name.
---
 drivers/gpu/drm/xen/xen_drm_front_gem.c |   9 +-
 drivers/xen/Makefile                    |   1 +
 drivers/xen/balloon.c                   |   4 +-
 drivers/xen/grant-table.c               |   4 +-
 drivers/xen/privcmd.c                   |   4 +-
 drivers/xen/unpopulated-alloc.c         | 185 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_client.c      |   6 +-
 drivers/xen/xlate_mmu.c                 |   4 +-
 include/xen/xen.h                       |   9 ++
 9 files changed, 211 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 drivers/xen/unpopulated-alloc.c

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xen/xen_drm_front_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/xen/xen_drm_front_gem.c
index f0b85e094111..270e1bd3e4da 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xen/xen_drm_front_gem.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xen/xen_drm_front_gem.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <drm/drm_probe_helper.h>
 
 #include <xen/balloon.h>
+#include <xen/xen.h>
 
 #include "xen_drm_front.h"
 #include "xen_drm_front_gem.h"
@@ -99,8 +100,8 @@ static struct xen_gem_object *gem_create(struct drm_device *dev, size_t size)
 		 * allocate ballooned pages which will be used to map
 		 * grant references provided by the backend
 		 */
-		ret = alloc_xenballooned_pages(xen_obj->num_pages,
-					       xen_obj->pages);
+		ret = xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages(xen_obj->num_pages,
+					          xen_obj->pages);
 		if (ret < 0) {
 			DRM_ERROR("Cannot allocate %zu ballooned pages: %d\n",
 				  xen_obj->num_pages, ret);
@@ -152,8 +153,8 @@ void xen_drm_front_gem_free_object_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *gem_obj)
 	} else {
 		if (xen_obj->pages) {
 			if (xen_obj->be_alloc) {
-				free_xenballooned_pages(xen_obj->num_pages,
-							xen_obj->pages);
+				xen_free_unpopulated_pages(xen_obj->num_pages,
+							   xen_obj->pages);
 				gem_free_pages_array(xen_obj);
 			} else {
 				drm_gem_put_pages(&xen_obj->base,
diff --git a/drivers/xen/Makefile b/drivers/xen/Makefile
index 0d322f3d90cd..788a5d9c8ef0 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/xen/Makefile
@@ -42,3 +42,4 @@ xen-gntdev-$(CONFIG_XEN_GNTDEV_DMABUF)	+= gntdev-dmabuf.o
 xen-gntalloc-y				:= gntalloc.o
 xen-privcmd-y				:= privcmd.o privcmd-buf.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_FRONT_PGDIR_SHBUF)	+= xen-front-pgdir-shbuf.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE)		+= unpopulated-alloc.o
diff --git a/drivers/xen/balloon.c b/drivers/xen/balloon.c
index b1d8b028bf80..815ef10eb2ff 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/balloon.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/balloon.c
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ void free_xenballooned_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_xenballooned_pages);
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_PV
+#if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) && !defined(CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE)
 static void __init balloon_add_region(unsigned long start_pfn,
 				      unsigned long pages)
 {
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ static int __init balloon_init(void)
 	register_sysctl_table(xen_root);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_PV
+#if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) && !defined(CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE)
 	{
 		int i;
 
diff --git a/drivers/xen/grant-table.c b/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
index 8d06bf1cc347..523dcdf39cc9 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ int gnttab_alloc_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
 {
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = alloc_xenballooned_pages(nr_pages, pages);
+	ret = xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages(nr_pages, pages);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gnttab_pages_clear_private);
 void gnttab_free_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
 {
 	gnttab_pages_clear_private(nr_pages, pages);
-	free_xenballooned_pages(nr_pages, pages);
+	xen_free_unpopulated_pages(nr_pages, pages);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gnttab_free_pages);
 
diff --git a/drivers/xen/privcmd.c b/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
index a250d118144a..56000ab70974 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ static int alloc_empty_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, int numpgs)
 	if (pages == NULL)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	rc = alloc_xenballooned_pages(numpgs, pages);
+	rc = xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages(numpgs, pages);
 	if (rc != 0) {
 		pr_warn("%s Could not alloc %d pfns rc:%d\n", __func__,
 			numpgs, rc);
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ static void privcmd_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 
 	rc = xen_unmap_domain_gfn_range(vma, numgfns, pages);
 	if (rc == 0)
-		free_xenballooned_pages(numpgs, pages);
+		xen_free_unpopulated_pages(numpgs, pages);
 	else
 		pr_crit("unable to unmap MFN range: leaking %d pages. rc=%d\n",
 			numpgs, rc);
diff --git a/drivers/xen/unpopulated-alloc.c b/drivers/xen/unpopulated-alloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c50450375922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/xen/unpopulated-alloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/memremap.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+#include <asm/page.h>
+
+#include <xen/page.h>
+#include <xen/xen.h>
+
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(list_lock);
+static LIST_HEAD(page_list);
+static unsigned int list_count;
+
+static int fill_list(unsigned int nr_pages)
+{
+	struct dev_pagemap *pgmap;
+	void *vaddr;
+	unsigned int i, alloc_pages = round_up(nr_pages, PAGES_PER_SECTION);
+	int nid, ret;
+
+	pgmap = kzalloc(sizeof(*pgmap), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!pgmap)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	pgmap->type = MEMORY_DEVICE_DEVDAX;
+	pgmap->res.name = "Xen scratch";
+	pgmap->res.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
+
+	ret = allocate_resource(&iomem_resource, &pgmap->res,
+				alloc_pages * PAGE_SIZE, 0, -1,
+				PAGES_PER_SECTION * PAGE_SIZE, NULL, NULL);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		pr_err("Cannot allocate new IOMEM resource\n");
+		kfree(pgmap);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	nid = memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(pgmap->res.start);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
+        /*
+         * memremap will build page tables for the new memory so
+         * the p2m must contain invalid entries so the correct
+         * non-present PTEs will be written.
+         *
+         * If a failure occurs, the original (identity) p2m entries
+         * are not restored since this region is now known not to
+         * conflict with any devices.
+         */
+	if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
+		xen_pfn_t pfn = PFN_DOWN(pgmap->res.start);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < alloc_pages; i++) {
+			if (!set_phys_to_machine(pfn + i, INVALID_P2M_ENTRY)) {
+				pr_warn("set_phys_to_machine() failed, no memory added\n");
+				release_resource(&pgmap->res);
+				kfree(pgmap);
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			}
+                }
+	}
+#endif
+
+	vaddr = memremap_pages(pgmap, nid);
+	if (IS_ERR(vaddr)) {
+		pr_err("Cannot remap memory range\n");
+		release_resource(&pgmap->res);
+		kfree(pgmap);
+		return PTR_ERR(vaddr);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < alloc_pages; i++) {
+		struct page *pg = virt_to_page(vaddr + PAGE_SIZE * i);
+
+		BUG_ON(!virt_addr_valid(vaddr + PAGE_SIZE * i));
+		list_add(&pg->lru, &page_list);
+		list_count++;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages - alloc unpopulated pages
+ * @nr_pages: Number of pages
+ * @pages: pages returned
+ * @return 0 on success, error otherwise
+ */
+int xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages(unsigned int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&list_lock);
+	if (list_count < nr_pages) {
+		ret = fill_list(nr_pages - list_count);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
+		struct page *pg = list_first_entry_or_null(&page_list,
+							   struct page,
+							   lru);
+
+		BUG_ON(!pg);
+		list_del(&pg->lru);
+		list_count--;
+		pages[i] = pg;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
+		if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
+			ret = xen_alloc_p2m_entry(page_to_pfn(pg));
+			if (ret < 0) {
+				unsigned int j;
+
+				for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
+					list_add(&pages[j]->lru, &page_list);
+					list_count++;
+				}
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&list_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages);
+
+/**
+ * xen_free_unpopulated_pages - return unpopulated pages
+ * @nr_pages: Number of pages
+ * @pages: pages to return
+ */
+void xen_free_unpopulated_pages(unsigned int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	mutex_lock(&list_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
+		list_add(&pages[i]->lru, &page_list);
+		list_count++;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&list_lock);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(xen_free_unpopulated_pages);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_PV
+static int __init init(void)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	if (!xen_domain())
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	if (!xen_pv_domain())
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Initialize with pages from the extra memory regions (see
+	 * arch/x86/xen/setup.c).
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < XEN_EXTRA_MEM_MAX_REGIONS; i++) {
+		unsigned int j;
+
+		for (j = 0; j < xen_extra_mem[i].n_pfns; j++) {
+			struct page *pg =
+				pfn_to_page(xen_extra_mem[i].start_pfn + j);
+
+			list_add(&pg->lru, &page_list);
+			list_count++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+subsys_initcall(init);
+#endif
diff --git a/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_client.c b/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_client.c
index 786fbb7d8be0..70b6c4780fbd 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_client.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_client.c
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ static int xenbus_map_ring_hvm(struct xenbus_device *dev,
 	bool leaked = false;
 	unsigned int nr_pages = XENBUS_PAGES(nr_grefs);
 
-	err = alloc_xenballooned_pages(nr_pages, node->hvm.pages);
+	err = xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages(nr_pages, node->hvm.pages);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_err;
 
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ static int xenbus_map_ring_hvm(struct xenbus_device *dev,
 			 addr, nr_pages);
  out_free_ballooned_pages:
 	if (!leaked)
-		free_xenballooned_pages(nr_pages, node->hvm.pages);
+		xen_free_unpopulated_pages(nr_pages, node->hvm.pages);
  out_err:
 	return err;
 }
@@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ static int xenbus_unmap_ring_hvm(struct xenbus_device *dev, void *vaddr)
 			       info.addrs);
 	if (!rv) {
 		vunmap(vaddr);
-		free_xenballooned_pages(nr_pages, node->hvm.pages);
+		xen_free_unpopulated_pages(nr_pages, node->hvm.pages);
 	}
 	else
 		WARN(1, "Leaking %p, size %u page(s)\n", vaddr, nr_pages);
diff --git a/drivers/xen/xlate_mmu.c b/drivers/xen/xlate_mmu.c
index 7b1077f0abcb..34742c6e189e 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/xlate_mmu.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/xlate_mmu.c
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ int __init xen_xlate_map_ballooned_pages(xen_pfn_t **gfns, void **virt,
 		kfree(pages);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
-	rc = alloc_xenballooned_pages(nr_pages, pages);
+	rc = xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages(nr_pages, pages);
 	if (rc) {
 		pr_warn("%s Couldn't balloon alloc %ld pages rc:%d\n", __func__,
 			nr_pages, rc);
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ int __init xen_xlate_map_ballooned_pages(xen_pfn_t **gfns, void **virt,
 	if (!vaddr) {
 		pr_warn("%s Couldn't map %ld pages rc:%d\n", __func__,
 			nr_pages, rc);
-		free_xenballooned_pages(nr_pages, pages);
+		xen_free_unpopulated_pages(nr_pages, pages);
 		kfree(pages);
 		kfree(pfns);
 		return -ENOMEM;
diff --git a/include/xen/xen.h b/include/xen/xen.h
index 19a72f591e2b..e93b47e5e378 100644
--- a/include/xen/xen.h
+++ b/include/xen/xen.h
@@ -52,4 +52,13 @@ bool xen_biovec_phys_mergeable(const struct bio_vec *vec1,
 extern u64 xen_saved_max_mem_size;
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE
+int xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages(unsigned int nr_pages, struct page **pages);
+void xen_free_unpopulated_pages(unsigned int nr_pages, struct page **pages);
+#else
+#define xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages alloc_xenballooned_pages
+#define xen_free_unpopulated_pages free_xenballooned_pages
+#include <xen/balloon.h>
+#endif
+
 #endif	/* _XEN_XEN_H */
-- 
2.27.0

Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[Jürgen Groß]

On 27.07.20 11:13, Roger Pau Monne wrote:
> To be used in order to create foreign mappings. This is based on the
> ZONE_DEVICE facility which is used by persistent memory devices in
> order to create struct pages and kernel virtual mappings for the IOMEM
> areas of such devices. Note that on kernels without support for
> ZONE_DEVICE Xen will fallback to use ballooned pages in order to
> create foreign mappings.
> 
> The newly added helpers use the same parameters as the existing
> {alloc/free}_xenballooned_pages functions, which allows for in-place
> replacement of the callers. Once a memory region has been added to be
> used as scratch mapping space it will no longer be released, and pages
> returned are kept in a linked list. This allows to have a buffer of
> pages and prevents resorting to frequent additions and removals of
> regions.
> 
> If enabled (because ZONE_DEVICE is supported) the usage of the new
> functionality untangles Xen balloon and RAM hotplug from the usage of
> unpopulated physical memory ranges to map foreign pages, which is the
> correct thing to do in order to avoid mappings of foreign pages depend
> on memory hotplug.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
> ---
> I've not added a new memory_type type and just used
> MEMORY_DEVICE_DEVDAX which seems to be what we want for such memory
> regions. I'm unsure whether abusing this type is fine, or if I should
> instead add a specific type, maybe MEMORY_DEVICE_GENERIC? I don't
> think we should be using a specific Xen type at all.

What about introducing MEMORY_DEVICE_VIRT? The comment for
MEMORY_DEVICE_DEVDAX doesn't really fit, as there is no character device
involved.

In the end its the memory management maintainers to decide that.

Other than that you can have my

Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>


Juergen

Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[Julien Grall]

Hi,

On 27/07/2020 10:13, Roger Pau Monne wrote:
> To be used in order to create foreign mappings. This is based on the
> ZONE_DEVICE facility which is used by persistent memory devices in
> order to create struct pages and kernel virtual mappings for the IOMEM
> areas of such devices. Note that on kernels without support for
> ZONE_DEVICE Xen will fallback to use ballooned pages in order to
> create foreign mappings.
> 
> The newly added helpers use the same parameters as the existing
> {alloc/free}_xenballooned_pages functions, which allows for in-place
> replacement of the callers. Once a memory region has been added to be
> used as scratch mapping space it will no longer be released, and pages
> returned are kept in a linked list. This allows to have a buffer of
> pages and prevents resorting to frequent additions and removals of
> regions.
> 
> If enabled (because ZONE_DEVICE is supported) the usage of the new
> functionality untangles Xen balloon and RAM hotplug from the usage of
> unpopulated physical memory ranges to map foreign pages, which is the
> correct thing to do in order to avoid mappings of foreign pages depend
> on memory hotplug.
I think this is going to break Dom0 on Arm if the kernel has been built 
with hotplug. This is because you may end up to re-use region that will 
be used for the 1:1 mapping of a foreign map.

Note that I don't know whether hotplug has been tested on Xen on Arm 
yet. So it might be possible to be already broken.

Meanwhile, my suggestion would be to make the use of hotplug in the 
balloon code conditional (maybe using CONFIG_ARM64 and CONFIG_ARM)?

Cheers,

-- 
Julien Grall

Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[Roger Pau Monné]

On Tue, Jul 28, 2020 at 05:48:23PM +0100, Julien Grall wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> On 27/07/2020 10:13, Roger Pau Monne wrote:
> > To be used in order to create foreign mappings. This is based on the
> > ZONE_DEVICE facility which is used by persistent memory devices in
> > order to create struct pages and kernel virtual mappings for the IOMEM
> > areas of such devices. Note that on kernels without support for
> > ZONE_DEVICE Xen will fallback to use ballooned pages in order to
> > create foreign mappings.
> > 
> > The newly added helpers use the same parameters as the existing
> > {alloc/free}_xenballooned_pages functions, which allows for in-place
> > replacement of the callers. Once a memory region has been added to be
> > used as scratch mapping space it will no longer be released, and pages
> > returned are kept in a linked list. This allows to have a buffer of
> > pages and prevents resorting to frequent additions and removals of
> > regions.
> > 
> > If enabled (because ZONE_DEVICE is supported) the usage of the new
> > functionality untangles Xen balloon and RAM hotplug from the usage of
> > unpopulated physical memory ranges to map foreign pages, which is the
> > correct thing to do in order to avoid mappings of foreign pages depend
> > on memory hotplug.
> I think this is going to break Dom0 on Arm if the kernel has been built with
> hotplug. This is because you may end up to re-use region that will be used
> for the 1:1 mapping of a foreign map.
> 
> Note that I don't know whether hotplug has been tested on Xen on Arm yet. So
> it might be possible to be already broken.
> 
> Meanwhile, my suggestion would be to make the use of hotplug in the balloon
> code conditional (maybe using CONFIG_ARM64 and CONFIG_ARM)?

Right, this feature (allocation of unpopulated memory separated from
the balloon driver) is currently gated on CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE, which I
think could be used on Arm.

IMO the right solution seems to be to subtract the physical memory
regions that can be used for the identity mappings of foreign pages
(all RAM on the system AFAICT) from iomem_resource, as that would make
this and the memory hotplug done in the balloon driver safe?

Thanks, Roger.

Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[Andrew Cooper]

On 28/07/2020 17:59, Roger Pau Monné wrote:
> On Tue, Jul 28, 2020 at 05:48:23PM +0100, Julien Grall wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> On 27/07/2020 10:13, Roger Pau Monne wrote:
>>> To be used in order to create foreign mappings. This is based on the
>>> ZONE_DEVICE facility which is used by persistent memory devices in
>>> order to create struct pages and kernel virtual mappings for the IOMEM
>>> areas of such devices. Note that on kernels without support for
>>> ZONE_DEVICE Xen will fallback to use ballooned pages in order to
>>> create foreign mappings.
>>>
>>> The newly added helpers use the same parameters as the existing
>>> {alloc/free}_xenballooned_pages functions, which allows for in-place
>>> replacement of the callers. Once a memory region has been added to be
>>> used as scratch mapping space it will no longer be released, and pages
>>> returned are kept in a linked list. This allows to have a buffer of
>>> pages and prevents resorting to frequent additions and removals of
>>> regions.
>>>
>>> If enabled (because ZONE_DEVICE is supported) the usage of the new
>>> functionality untangles Xen balloon and RAM hotplug from the usage of
>>> unpopulated physical memory ranges to map foreign pages, which is the
>>> correct thing to do in order to avoid mappings of foreign pages depend
>>> on memory hotplug.
>> I think this is going to break Dom0 on Arm if the kernel has been built with
>> hotplug. This is because you may end up to re-use region that will be used
>> for the 1:1 mapping of a foreign map.
>>
>> Note that I don't know whether hotplug has been tested on Xen on Arm yet. So
>> it might be possible to be already broken.
>>
>> Meanwhile, my suggestion would be to make the use of hotplug in the balloon
>> code conditional (maybe using CONFIG_ARM64 and CONFIG_ARM)?
> Right, this feature (allocation of unpopulated memory separated from
> the balloon driver) is currently gated on CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE, which I
> think could be used on Arm.
>
> IMO the right solution seems to be to subtract the physical memory
> regions that can be used for the identity mappings of foreign pages
> (all RAM on the system AFAICT) from iomem_resource, as that would make
> this and the memory hotplug done in the balloon driver safe?

The right solution is a mechanism for translated guests to query Xen to
find regions of guest physical address space which are unused, and can
be safely be used for foreign/grant/other  mappings.

Please don't waste any more time applying more duct tape to a broken
system, and instead spend the time organising some proper foundations.

~Andrew

Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[Roger Pau Monné]

On Tue, Jul 28, 2020 at 06:06:25PM +0100, Andrew Cooper wrote:
> On 28/07/2020 17:59, Roger Pau Monné wrote:
> > On Tue, Jul 28, 2020 at 05:48:23PM +0100, Julien Grall wrote:
> >> Hi,
> >>
> >> On 27/07/2020 10:13, Roger Pau Monne wrote:
> >>> To be used in order to create foreign mappings. This is based on the
> >>> ZONE_DEVICE facility which is used by persistent memory devices in
> >>> order to create struct pages and kernel virtual mappings for the IOMEM
> >>> areas of such devices. Note that on kernels without support for
> >>> ZONE_DEVICE Xen will fallback to use ballooned pages in order to
> >>> create foreign mappings.
> >>>
> >>> The newly added helpers use the same parameters as the existing
> >>> {alloc/free}_xenballooned_pages functions, which allows for in-place
> >>> replacement of the callers. Once a memory region has been added to be
> >>> used as scratch mapping space it will no longer be released, and pages
> >>> returned are kept in a linked list. This allows to have a buffer of
> >>> pages and prevents resorting to frequent additions and removals of
> >>> regions.
> >>>
> >>> If enabled (because ZONE_DEVICE is supported) the usage of the new
> >>> functionality untangles Xen balloon and RAM hotplug from the usage of
> >>> unpopulated physical memory ranges to map foreign pages, which is the
> >>> correct thing to do in order to avoid mappings of foreign pages depend
> >>> on memory hotplug.
> >> I think this is going to break Dom0 on Arm if the kernel has been built with
> >> hotplug. This is because you may end up to re-use region that will be used
> >> for the 1:1 mapping of a foreign map.
> >>
> >> Note that I don't know whether hotplug has been tested on Xen on Arm yet. So
> >> it might be possible to be already broken.
> >>
> >> Meanwhile, my suggestion would be to make the use of hotplug in the balloon
> >> code conditional (maybe using CONFIG_ARM64 and CONFIG_ARM)?
> > Right, this feature (allocation of unpopulated memory separated from
> > the balloon driver) is currently gated on CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE, which I
> > think could be used on Arm.
> >
> > IMO the right solution seems to be to subtract the physical memory
> > regions that can be used for the identity mappings of foreign pages
> > (all RAM on the system AFAICT) from iomem_resource, as that would make
> > this and the memory hotplug done in the balloon driver safe?
> 
> The right solution is a mechanism for translated guests to query Xen to
> find regions of guest physical address space which are unused, and can
> be safely be used for foreign/grant/other  mappings.
> 
> Please don't waste any more time applying more duct tape to a broken
> system, and instead spend the time organising some proper foundations.

The piece added here (using ZONE_DEVICE) will be relevant when Xen can
provide the space to map foreign pages, it's just that right now it
relies on iomem_resource instead of a Xen specific resource map that
should be provided by the hypervisor. It should indeed be fixed, but
right now this patch should allow a PVH dom0 to work slightly better.
When Xen provides such areas Linux just needs to populate a custom Xen
resource with them and use it instead of iomem_resurce.

The Arm stuff I'm certainly not familiar with, and can't provide much
insight on that. If it's best to just disable it and continue to rely
on ballooned out pages that's fine.

Roger.

Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[Julien Grall]

Hi Roger,

On 28/07/2020 17:59, Roger Pau Monné wrote:
> On Tue, Jul 28, 2020 at 05:48:23PM +0100, Julien Grall wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> On 27/07/2020 10:13, Roger Pau Monne wrote:
>>> To be used in order to create foreign mappings. This is based on the
>>> ZONE_DEVICE facility which is used by persistent memory devices in
>>> order to create struct pages and kernel virtual mappings for the IOMEM
>>> areas of such devices. Note that on kernels without support for
>>> ZONE_DEVICE Xen will fallback to use ballooned pages in order to
>>> create foreign mappings.
>>>
>>> The newly added helpers use the same parameters as the existing
>>> {alloc/free}_xenballooned_pages functions, which allows for in-place
>>> replacement of the callers. Once a memory region has been added to be
>>> used as scratch mapping space it will no longer be released, and pages
>>> returned are kept in a linked list. This allows to have a buffer of
>>> pages and prevents resorting to frequent additions and removals of
>>> regions.
>>>
>>> If enabled (because ZONE_DEVICE is supported) the usage of the new
>>> functionality untangles Xen balloon and RAM hotplug from the usage of
>>> unpopulated physical memory ranges to map foreign pages, which is the
>>> correct thing to do in order to avoid mappings of foreign pages depend
>>> on memory hotplug.
>> I think this is going to break Dom0 on Arm if the kernel has been built with
>> hotplug. This is because you may end up to re-use region that will be used
>> for the 1:1 mapping of a foreign map.
>>
>> Note that I don't know whether hotplug has been tested on Xen on Arm yet. So
>> it might be possible to be already broken.
>>
>> Meanwhile, my suggestion would be to make the use of hotplug in the balloon
>> code conditional (maybe using CONFIG_ARM64 and CONFIG_ARM)?
> 
> Right, this feature (allocation of unpopulated memory separated from
> the balloon driver) is currently gated on CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE, which I
> think could be used on Arm.
> 
> IMO the right solution seems to be to subtract the physical memory
> regions that can be used for the identity mappings of foreign pages
> (all RAM on the system AFAICT) from iomem_resource, as that would make
> this and the memory hotplug done in the balloon driver safe?

Dom0 doesn't know the regions used for the identity mappings as this is 
only managed by Xen. So there is nothing you can really do here.

But don't you have the same issue on x86 with "magic pages"?

Cheers,

-- 
Julien Grall

Re: [PATCH v3 4/4] xen: add helpers to allocate unpopulated memory

[Roger Pau Monné]

On Tue, Jul 28, 2020 at 06:12:46PM +0100, Julien Grall wrote:
> Hi Roger,
> 
> On 28/07/2020 17:59, Roger Pau Monné wrote:
> > On Tue, Jul 28, 2020 at 05:48:23PM +0100, Julien Grall wrote:
> > > Hi,
> > > 
> > > On 27/07/2020 10:13, Roger Pau Monne wrote:
> > > > To be used in order to create foreign mappings. This is based on the
> > > > ZONE_DEVICE facility which is used by persistent memory devices in
> > > > order to create struct pages and kernel virtual mappings for the IOMEM
> > > > areas of such devices. Note that on kernels without support for
> > > > ZONE_DEVICE Xen will fallback to use ballooned pages in order to
> > > > create foreign mappings.
> > > > 
> > > > The newly added helpers use the same parameters as the existing
> > > > {alloc/free}_xenballooned_pages functions, which allows for in-place
> > > > replacement of the callers. Once a memory region has been added to be
> > > > used as scratch mapping space it will no longer be released, and pages
> > > > returned are kept in a linked list. This allows to have a buffer of
> > > > pages and prevents resorting to frequent additions and removals of
> > > > regions.
> > > > 
> > > > If enabled (because ZONE_DEVICE is supported) the usage of the new
> > > > functionality untangles Xen balloon and RAM hotplug from the usage of
> > > > unpopulated physical memory ranges to map foreign pages, which is the
> > > > correct thing to do in order to avoid mappings of foreign pages depend
> > > > on memory hotplug.
> > > I think this is going to break Dom0 on Arm if the kernel has been built with
> > > hotplug. This is because you may end up to re-use region that will be used
> > > for the 1:1 mapping of a foreign map.
> > > 
> > > Note that I don't know whether hotplug has been tested on Xen on Arm yet. So
> > > it might be possible to be already broken.
> > > 
> > > Meanwhile, my suggestion would be to make the use of hotplug in the balloon
> > > code conditional (maybe using CONFIG_ARM64 and CONFIG_ARM)?
> > 
> > Right, this feature (allocation of unpopulated memory separated from
> > the balloon driver) is currently gated on CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE, which I
> > think could be used on Arm.
> > 
> > IMO the right solution seems to be to subtract the physical memory
> > regions that can be used for the identity mappings of foreign pages
> > (all RAM on the system AFAICT) from iomem_resource, as that would make
> > this and the memory hotplug done in the balloon driver safe?
> 
> Dom0 doesn't know the regions used for the identity mappings as this is only
> managed by Xen. So there is nothing you can really do here.

OK, I will add the guards to prevent this being built on Arm.

> But don't you have the same issue on x86 with "magic pages"?

Those are marked as reserved on the memory map, and hence I would
expect them to never end up in iomem_resource.

Thanks, Roger.