[PATCH] powerpc/papr_scm: Fix warning triggered by perf_stats_show()

[PATCH] powerpc/papr_scm: Fix warning triggered by perf_stats_show()

[Vaibhav Jain]

A warning is reported by the kernel in case perf_stats_show() returns
an error code. The warning is of the form below:

 papr_scm ibm,persistent-memory:ibm,pmemory@44100001:
 	  Failed to query performance stats, Err:-10
 dev_attr_show: perf_stats_show+0x0/0x1c0 [papr_scm] returned bad count
 fill_read_buffer: dev_attr_show+0x0/0xb0 returned bad count

On investigation it looks like that the compiler is silently truncating the
return value of drc_pmem_query_stats() from 'long' to 'int', since the
variable used to store the return code 'rc' is an 'int'. This
truncated value is then returned back as a 'ssize_t' back from
perf_stats_show() to 'dev_attr_show()' which thinks of it as a large
unsigned number and triggers this warning..

To fix this we update the type of variable 'rc' from 'int' to
'ssize_t' that prevents the compiler from truncating the return value
of drc_pmem_query_stats() and returning correct signed value back from
perf_stats_show().

Fixes: 2d02bf835e573 ('powerpc/papr_scm: Fetch nvdimm performance
       stats from PHYP')
Signed-off-by: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com>
---
 arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
index a88a707a608aa..9f00b61676ab9 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
@@ -785,7 +785,8 @@ static int papr_scm_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc,
 static ssize_t perf_stats_show(struct device *dev,
 			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 {
-	int index, rc;
+	int index;
+	ssize_t rc;
 	struct seq_buf s;
 	struct papr_scm_perf_stat *stat;
 	struct papr_scm_perf_stats *stats;
-- 
2.26.2
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Re: [PATCH] powerpc/papr_scm: Fix warning triggered by perf_stats_show()

[Ira Weiny]

On Thu, Sep 10, 2020 at 02:52:12PM +0530, Vaibhav Jain wrote:
> A warning is reported by the kernel in case perf_stats_show() returns
> an error code. The warning is of the form below:
> 
>  papr_scm ibm,persistent-memory:ibm,pmemory@44100001:
>  	  Failed to query performance stats, Err:-10
>  dev_attr_show: perf_stats_show+0x0/0x1c0 [papr_scm] returned bad count
>  fill_read_buffer: dev_attr_show+0x0/0xb0 returned bad count
> 
> On investigation it looks like that the compiler is silently truncating the
> return value of drc_pmem_query_stats() from 'long' to 'int', since the
> variable used to store the return code 'rc' is an 'int'. This
> truncated value is then returned back as a 'ssize_t' back from
> perf_stats_show() to 'dev_attr_show()' which thinks of it as a large
> unsigned number and triggers this warning..
> 
> To fix this we update the type of variable 'rc' from 'int' to
> 'ssize_t' that prevents the compiler from truncating the return value
> of drc_pmem_query_stats() and returning correct signed value back from
> perf_stats_show().
> 
> Fixes: 2d02bf835e573 ('powerpc/papr_scm: Fetch nvdimm performance
>        stats from PHYP')
> Signed-off-by: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com>
> ---
>  arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c | 3 ++-
>  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
> index a88a707a608aa..9f00b61676ab9 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
> @@ -785,7 +785,8 @@ static int papr_scm_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc,
>  static ssize_t perf_stats_show(struct device *dev,
>  			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
>  {
> -	int index, rc;
> +	int index;
> +	ssize_t rc;

I'm not sure this is really fixing everything here.

drc_pmem_query_stats() can return negative errno's.  Why are those not checked
somewhere in perf_stats_show()?

It seems like all this fix is handling is a > 0 return value: 'ret[0]' from
line 289 in papr_scm.c...  Or something?

Worse yet drc_pmem_query_stats() is returning ssize_t which is a signed value.
Therefore, it should not be returning -errno.  I'm surprised the static
checkers did not catch that.

I believe I caught similar errors with a patch series before which did not pay
attention to variable types.

Please audit this code for these types of errors and ensure you are really
doing the correct thing when using the sysfs interface.  I'm pretty sure bad
things will eventually happen (if they are not already) if you return some
really big number to the sysfs core from *_show().

Ira

>  	struct seq_buf s;
>  	struct papr_scm_perf_stat *stat;
>  	struct papr_scm_perf_stats *stats;
> -- 
> 2.26.2
> 
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Re: [PATCH] powerpc/papr_scm: Fix warning triggered by perf_stats_show()

[Vaibhav Jain]

Thanks for reviewing this patch Ira,


Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com> writes:

> On Thu, Sep 10, 2020 at 02:52:12PM +0530, Vaibhav Jain wrote:
>> A warning is reported by the kernel in case perf_stats_show() returns
>> an error code. The warning is of the form below:
>> 
>>  papr_scm ibm,persistent-memory:ibm,pmemory@44100001:
>>  	  Failed to query performance stats, Err:-10
>>  dev_attr_show: perf_stats_show+0x0/0x1c0 [papr_scm] returned bad count
>>  fill_read_buffer: dev_attr_show+0x0/0xb0 returned bad count
>> 
>> On investigation it looks like that the compiler is silently truncating the
>> return value of drc_pmem_query_stats() from 'long' to 'int', since the
>> variable used to store the return code 'rc' is an 'int'. This
>> truncated value is then returned back as a 'ssize_t' back from
>> perf_stats_show() to 'dev_attr_show()' which thinks of it as a large
>> unsigned number and triggers this warning..
>> 
>> To fix this we update the type of variable 'rc' from 'int' to
>> 'ssize_t' that prevents the compiler from truncating the return value
>> of drc_pmem_query_stats() and returning correct signed value back from
>> perf_stats_show().
>> 
>> Fixes: 2d02bf835e573 ('powerpc/papr_scm: Fetch nvdimm performance
>>        stats from PHYP')
>> Signed-off-by: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com>
>> ---
>>  arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c | 3 ++-
>>  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>> 
>> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
>> index a88a707a608aa..9f00b61676ab9 100644
>> --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
>> +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
>> @@ -785,7 +785,8 @@ static int papr_scm_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc,
>>  static ssize_t perf_stats_show(struct device *dev,
>>  			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
>>  {
>> -	int index, rc;
>> +	int index;
>> +	ssize_t rc;
>
> I'm not sure this is really fixing everything here.

The issue is with the statement in perf_stats_show():

'return rc ? rc : seq_buf_used(&s);'

The function seq_buf_used() returns an 'unsigned int' and with 'rc'
typed as 'int', forces a promotion of the expression to 'unsigned int'
which causes a loss of signedness of 'rc' and compiler silently
assigns this unsigned value to the function return typed as 'signed
long'.

Making 'rc', a 'signed long' forces a promotion of the expresion to
'signed long' which preserves the signedness of 'rc' and will also be
compatible with the function return type.

>
> drc_pmem_query_stats() can return negative errno's.  Why are those not checked
> somewhere in perf_stats_show()?
>
For the specific invocation 'drc_pmem_query_stats(p, stats, 0)' we only
expect return value 'rc <=0' with '0' indicating a successful fetch of
nvdimm performance stats from hypervisor. Hence there are no explicit
checks for negative error codes in the functions as all return values
!=0 indicate an error.


> It seems like all this fix is handling is a > 0 return value: 'ret[0]' from
> line 289 in papr_scm.c...  Or something?
No, in case the arg 'num_stats' is '0' and 'buff_stats != NULL' the
variable 'size' is assigned a non-zero value hence that specific branch
you mentioned  is never taken. Instead in case of success
drc_pmem_query_stats() return '0' and in case of an error a negative
error code is returned.

>
> Worse yet drc_pmem_query_stats() is returning ssize_t which is a signed value.
> Therefore, it should not be returning -errno.  I'm surprised the static
> checkers did not catch that.
Didnt quite get the assertion here. The function is marked to return
'ssize_t' because we can return both +ve for success and -ve values to
indicate errors.

>
> I believe I caught similar errors with a patch series before which did not pay
> attention to variable types.
>
> Please audit this code for these types of errors and ensure you are really
> doing the correct thing when using the sysfs interface.  I'm pretty sure bad
> things will eventually happen (if they are not already) if you return some
> really big number to the sysfs core from *_show().
I think this problem is different compared to what you had previously pointed
to. The values returned from drc_pmem_query_stats() can be stored in an
'int' variable too, however it was the silent promotion of a signed type
to unsigned type was what caused this specific issue.

-- 
Cheers
~ Vaibhav
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Re: [PATCH] powerpc/papr_scm: Fix warning triggered by perf_stats_show()

[Ira Weiny]

On Sat, Sep 12, 2020 at 01:36:46AM +0530, Vaibhav Jain wrote:
> Thanks for reviewing this patch Ira,
> 
> 
> Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com> writes:
> 
> > On Thu, Sep 10, 2020 at 02:52:12PM +0530, Vaibhav Jain wrote:
> >> A warning is reported by the kernel in case perf_stats_show() returns
> >> an error code. The warning is of the form below:
> >> 
> >>  papr_scm ibm,persistent-memory:ibm,pmemory@44100001:
> >>  	  Failed to query performance stats, Err:-10
> >>  dev_attr_show: perf_stats_show+0x0/0x1c0 [papr_scm] returned bad count
> >>  fill_read_buffer: dev_attr_show+0x0/0xb0 returned bad count
> >> 
> >> On investigation it looks like that the compiler is silently truncating the
> >> return value of drc_pmem_query_stats() from 'long' to 'int', since the
> >> variable used to store the return code 'rc' is an 'int'. This
> >> truncated value is then returned back as a 'ssize_t' back from
> >> perf_stats_show() to 'dev_attr_show()' which thinks of it as a large
> >> unsigned number and triggers this warning..
> >> 
> >> To fix this we update the type of variable 'rc' from 'int' to
> >> 'ssize_t' that prevents the compiler from truncating the return value
> >> of drc_pmem_query_stats() and returning correct signed value back from
> >> perf_stats_show().
> >> 
> >> Fixes: 2d02bf835e573 ('powerpc/papr_scm: Fetch nvdimm performance
> >>        stats from PHYP')
> >> Signed-off-by: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com>
> >> ---
> >>  arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c | 3 ++-
> >>  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >> 
> >> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
> >> index a88a707a608aa..9f00b61676ab9 100644
> >> --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
> >> +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
> >> @@ -785,7 +785,8 @@ static int papr_scm_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc,
> >>  static ssize_t perf_stats_show(struct device *dev,
> >>  			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
> >>  {
> >> -	int index, rc;
> >> +	int index;
> >> +	ssize_t rc;
> >
> > I'm not sure this is really fixing everything here.
> 
> The issue is with the statement in perf_stats_show():
> 
> 'return rc ? rc : seq_buf_used(&s);'
> 
> The function seq_buf_used() returns an 'unsigned int' and with 'rc'
> typed as 'int', forces a promotion of the expression to 'unsigned int'
> which causes a loss of signedness of 'rc' and compiler silently
> assigns this unsigned value to the function return typed as 'signed
> long'.
> 
> Making 'rc', a 'signed long' forces a promotion of the expresion to
> 'signed long' which preserves the signedness of 'rc' and will also be
> compatible with the function return type.

Ok, ok, I read this all wrong.

FWIW I would also cast seq_buf_used() to ssize_t to show you know what you are
doing there.

> 
> >
> > drc_pmem_query_stats() can return negative errno's.  Why are those not checked
> > somewhere in perf_stats_show()?
> >
> For the specific invocation 'drc_pmem_query_stats(p, stats, 0)' we only
> expect return value 'rc <=0' with '0' indicating a successful fetch of
> nvdimm performance stats from hypervisor. Hence there are no explicit
> checks for negative error codes in the functions as all return values
> !=0 indicate an error.
> 
> 
> > It seems like all this fix is handling is a > 0 return value: 'ret[0]' from
> > line 289 in papr_scm.c...  Or something?
> No, in case the arg 'num_stats' is '0' and 'buff_stats != NULL' the
> variable 'size' is assigned a non-zero value hence that specific branch
> you mentioned  is never taken. Instead in case of success
> drc_pmem_query_stats() return '0' and in case of an error a negative
> error code is returned.
> 
> >
> > Worse yet drc_pmem_query_stats() is returning ssize_t which is a signed value.
> > Therefore, it should not be returning -errno.  I'm surprised the static
> > checkers did not catch that.
> Didnt quite get the assertion here. The function is marked to return
> 'ssize_t' because we can return both +ve for success and -ve values to
> indicate errors.

Sorry I was reading this as size_t and meant to say unsigned...  I was looking
at this too quickly.

> 
> >
> > I believe I caught similar errors with a patch series before which did not pay
> > attention to variable types.
> >
> > Please audit this code for these types of errors and ensure you are really
> > doing the correct thing when using the sysfs interface.  I'm pretty sure bad
> > things will eventually happen (if they are not already) if you return some
> > really big number to the sysfs core from *_show().
> I think this problem is different compared to what you had previously pointed
> to. The values returned from drc_pmem_query_stats() can be stored in an
> 'int' variable too, however it was the silent promotion of a signed type
> to unsigned type was what caused this specific issue.

Ok this makes more sense now.  Sorry about not looking more carefully.

But I still think matching up the return of seq_buf_used() is worth it.  I
don't particularly like depending on 'automatic' promotions which make
reviewing code harder like this.

And sorry if my email seemed harsh I did not mean it to be.  I just like when
types are more explicit because I feel like it can avoid issues like this.
(Specifically my confusion over the types...)

:-D

Thanks,
Ira
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Re: [PATCH] powerpc/papr_scm: Fix warning triggered by perf_stats_show()

[Vaibhav Jain]

Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com> writes:

> On Sat, Sep 12, 2020 at 01:36:46AM +0530, Vaibhav Jain wrote:
>> Thanks for reviewing this patch Ira,
>> 
>> 
>> Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com> writes:
>> 
>> > On Thu, Sep 10, 2020 at 02:52:12PM +0530, Vaibhav Jain wrote:
>> >> A warning is reported by the kernel in case perf_stats_show() returns
>> >> an error code. The warning is of the form below:
>> >> 
>> >>  papr_scm ibm,persistent-memory:ibm,pmemory@44100001:
>> >>  	  Failed to query performance stats, Err:-10
>> >>  dev_attr_show: perf_stats_show+0x0/0x1c0 [papr_scm] returned bad count
>> >>  fill_read_buffer: dev_attr_show+0x0/0xb0 returned bad count
>> >> 
>> >> On investigation it looks like that the compiler is silently truncating the
>> >> return value of drc_pmem_query_stats() from 'long' to 'int', since the
>> >> variable used to store the return code 'rc' is an 'int'. This
>> >> truncated value is then returned back as a 'ssize_t' back from
>> >> perf_stats_show() to 'dev_attr_show()' which thinks of it as a large
>> >> unsigned number and triggers this warning..
>> >> 
>> >> To fix this we update the type of variable 'rc' from 'int' to
>> >> 'ssize_t' that prevents the compiler from truncating the return value
>> >> of drc_pmem_query_stats() and returning correct signed value back from
>> >> perf_stats_show().
>> >> 
>> >> Fixes: 2d02bf835e573 ('powerpc/papr_scm: Fetch nvdimm performance
>> >>        stats from PHYP')
>> >> Signed-off-by: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com>
>> >> ---
>> >>  arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c | 3 ++-
>> >>  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>> >> 
>> >> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
>> >> index a88a707a608aa..9f00b61676ab9 100644
>> >> --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
>> >> +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/papr_scm.c
>> >> @@ -785,7 +785,8 @@ static int papr_scm_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc,
>> >>  static ssize_t perf_stats_show(struct device *dev,
>> >>  			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
>> >>  {
>> >> -	int index, rc;
>> >> +	int index;
>> >> +	ssize_t rc;
>> >
>> > I'm not sure this is really fixing everything here.
>> 
>> The issue is with the statement in perf_stats_show():
>> 
>> 'return rc ? rc : seq_buf_used(&s);'
>> 
>> The function seq_buf_used() returns an 'unsigned int' and with 'rc'
>> typed as 'int', forces a promotion of the expression to 'unsigned int'
>> which causes a loss of signedness of 'rc' and compiler silently
>> assigns this unsigned value to the function return typed as 'signed
>> long'.
>> 
>> Making 'rc', a 'signed long' forces a promotion of the expresion to
>> 'signed long' which preserves the signedness of 'rc' and will also be
>> compatible with the function return type.
>
> Ok, ok, I read this all wrong.
>
> FWIW I would also cast seq_buf_used() to ssize_t to show you know what you are
> doing there.
>
>> 
>> >
>> > drc_pmem_query_stats() can return negative errno's.  Why are those not checked
>> > somewhere in perf_stats_show()?
>> >
>> For the specific invocation 'drc_pmem_query_stats(p, stats, 0)' we only
>> expect return value 'rc <=0' with '0' indicating a successful fetch of
>> nvdimm performance stats from hypervisor. Hence there are no explicit
>> checks for negative error codes in the functions as all return values
>> !=0 indicate an error.
>> 
>> 
>> > It seems like all this fix is handling is a > 0 return value: 'ret[0]' from
>> > line 289 in papr_scm.c...  Or something?
>> No, in case the arg 'num_stats' is '0' and 'buff_stats != NULL' the
>> variable 'size' is assigned a non-zero value hence that specific branch
>> you mentioned  is never taken. Instead in case of success
>> drc_pmem_query_stats() return '0' and in case of an error a negative
>> error code is returned.
>> 
>> >
>> > Worse yet drc_pmem_query_stats() is returning ssize_t which is a signed value.
>> > Therefore, it should not be returning -errno.  I'm surprised the static
>> > checkers did not catch that.
>> Didnt quite get the assertion here. The function is marked to return
>> 'ssize_t' because we can return both +ve for success and -ve values to
>> indicate errors.
>
> Sorry I was reading this as size_t and meant to say unsigned...  I was looking
> at this too quickly.
>
>> 
>> >
>> > I believe I caught similar errors with a patch series before which did not pay
>> > attention to variable types.
>> >
>> > Please audit this code for these types of errors and ensure you are really
>> > doing the correct thing when using the sysfs interface.  I'm pretty sure bad
>> > things will eventually happen (if they are not already) if you return some
>> > really big number to the sysfs core from *_show().
>> I think this problem is different compared to what you had previously pointed
>> to. The values returned from drc_pmem_query_stats() can be stored in an
>> 'int' variable too, however it was the silent promotion of a signed type
>> to unsigned type was what caused this specific issue.
>
> Ok this makes more sense now.  Sorry about not looking more carefully.
>
> But I still think matching up the return of seq_buf_used() is worth it.  I
> don't particularly like depending on 'automatic' promotions which make
> reviewing code harder like this.
Agree, I have sent out a v2 addressing this.

>
> And sorry if my email seemed harsh I did not mean it to be.  I just like when
> types are more explicit because I feel like it can avoid issues like this.
> (Specifically my confusion over the types...)
>
> :-D
No worries :-)


Thanks,
-- 
Cheers
~ Vaibhav
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