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From: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
To: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>,
	Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>,
	Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>,
	Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>,
	Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>,
	clang-built-linux <clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com>,
	Kernel Hardening <kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com>,
	linux-arch <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>,
	Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>,
	Linux Kbuild mailing list <linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org>,
	LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
	linux-pci@vger.kernel.org,
	"maintainer:X86 ARCHITECTURE (32-BIT AND 64-BIT)"
	<x86@kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 00/22] add support for Clang LTO
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2020 21:19:31 +0200	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20200630191931.GA884155@elver.google.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20200625085745.GD117543@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net>

I was asked for input on this, and after a few days digging through some
history, thought I'd comment. Hope you don't mind.

On Thu, Jun 25, 2020 at 10:57AM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 25, 2020 at 10:24:33AM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> > On Thu, Jun 25, 2020 at 10:03:13AM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> > > I'm sure Will will respond, but the basic issue is the trainwreck C11
> > > made of dependent loads.
> > > 
> > > Anyway, here's a link to the last time this came up:
> > > 
> > >   https://lore.kernel.org/linux-arm-kernel/20171116174830.GX3624@linux.vnet.ibm.com/
> > 
> > Another good read:
> > 
> >   https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20150520005510.GA23559@linux.vnet.ibm.com/
[...]
> Because now the machine can speculate and load now before seq, breaking
> the ordering.

First of all, I agree with the concerns, but not because of LTO.

To set the stage better, and summarize the fundamental problem again:
we're in the unfortunate situation that no compiler today has a way to
_efficiently_ deal with C11's memory_order_consume
[https://lwn.net/Articles/588300/]. If we did, we could just use that
and be done with it. But, sadly, that doesn't seem possible right now --
compilers just say consume==acquire. Will suggests doing the same in the
kernel: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200630173734.14057-19-will@kernel.org

What we're most worried about right now is the existence of compiler
transformations that could break data dependencies by e.g. turning them
into control dependencies.

If this is a real worry, I don't think LTO is the magical feature that
will uncover those optimizations. If these compiler transformations are
real, they also exist in a normal build! And if we are worried about
them, we need to stop relying on dependent load ordering across the
board; or switch to -O0 for everything. Clearly, we don't want either.

Why do we think LTO is special?

With LTO, Clang just emits LLVM bitcode instead of ELF objects, and
during the linker stage intermodular optimizations across translation
unit boundaries are done that might not be possible otherwise
[https://llvm.org/docs/LinkTimeOptimization.html]. From the memory model
side of things, if we could fully convey our intent to the compiler (the
imaginary consume), there would be no problem, because all optimization
stages from bitcode generation to the final machine code generation
after LTO know about the intended semantics. (Also, keep in mind that
LTO is _not_ doing post link optimization of machine code binaries!)

But as far as we can tell, there is no evidence of the dreaded "data
dependency to control dependency" conversion with LTO that isn't there
in non-LTO builds, if it's even there at all. Has the data to control
dependency conversion been encountered in the wild? If not, is the
resulting reaction an overreaction? If so, we need to be careful blaming
LTO for something that it isn't even guilty of.

So, we are probably better off untangling LTO from the story:

1. LTO or no LTO does not matter. The LTO series should not get tangled
   up with memory model issues.

2. The memory model question and problems need to be answered and
   addressed separately.

Thoughts?

Thanks,
-- Marco

  reply	other threads:[~2020-06-30 19:19 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 207+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2020-06-24 20:31 [PATCH 00/22] add support for Clang LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 01/22] objtool: use sh_info to find the base for .rela sections Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 02/22] kbuild: add support for Clang LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:53   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 21:29     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25  2:26   ` Nathan Chancellor
2020-06-25 16:13     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 03/22] kbuild: lto: fix module versioning Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 04/22] kbuild: lto: fix recordmcount Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:27   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-24 21:45     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25  7:45       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25 16:15         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25 20:02           ` [RFC][PATCH] objtool,x86_64: Replace recordmcount with objtool Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25 20:54             ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-25 22:40             ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-26 11:29               ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-26 11:42                 ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-17 17:28                 ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-17 17:36                   ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-17 17:47                     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-17 18:05                       ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-20 16:52                         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-22 17:58                           ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-22 18:07                             ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-22 17:55                 ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-22 18:41                   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-22 19:09                     ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-22 20:03                       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-22 23:56                       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-23  0:06                         ` Steven Rostedt
2020-08-06 22:09                           ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 05/22] kbuild: lto: postpone objtool Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:19   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-24 21:49     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25  7:47       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25 16:22         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25 18:33           ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25 19:32             ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 06/22] kbuild: lto: limit inlining Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:20   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-24 23:37     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 07/22] kbuild: lto: merge module sections Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:01   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 21:31     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 08/22] kbuild: lto: remove duplicate dependencies from .mod files Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:13   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 09/22] init: lto: ensure initcall ordering Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 10/22] init: lto: fix PREL32 relocations Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 11/22] pci: " Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-17 20:26   ` Bjorn Helgaas
2020-07-22 18:15     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 12/22] modpost: lto: strip .lto from module names Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 22:05   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 13/22] scripts/mod: disable LTO for empty.c Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:57   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 14/22] efi/libstub: disable LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 15/22] drivers/misc/lkdtm: disable LTO for rodata.o Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 16/22] arm64: export CC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 17/22] arm64: vdso: disable LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:58   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 21:09     ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 23:51       ` Andi Kleen
2020-06-24 21:52     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 23:05       ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 23:39         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 18/22] arm64: allow LTO_CLANG and THINLTO to be selected Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 19/22] x86, vdso: disable LTO only for vDSO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 20/22] x86, ftrace: disable recordmcount for ftrace_make_nop Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 21/22] x86, relocs: Ignore L4_PAGE_OFFSET relocations Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:32 ` [PATCH 22/22] x86, build: allow LTO_CLANG and THINLTO to be selected Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:15 ` [PATCH 00/22] add support for Clang LTO Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-24 21:30   ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25  8:27     ` Will Deacon
2020-06-24 21:31   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-25  8:03     ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25  8:24       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25  8:57         ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-30 19:19           ` Marco Elver [this message]
2020-06-30 20:12             ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-30 20:30               ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-01  9:10                 ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-01 14:20                   ` David Laight
2020-07-01 16:06                     ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-02  9:37                       ` David Laight
2020-07-02 18:00                         ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-01  9:41                 ` Marco Elver
2020-07-01 10:03                   ` Will Deacon
2020-07-01 11:40                   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-01 14:06                     ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-01 15:05                       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-01 16:03                         ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-02  8:20                           ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-02 17:59                             ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-03 13:13                               ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-03 13:25                                 ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-03 14:51                                   ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-03 14:42                                 ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-06 16:26                                   ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-06 18:29                                     ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-06 18:39                                       ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-06 19:40                                         ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-06 23:41                                           ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-06-28 16:56 ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-06-29 23:20   ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-07 15:51     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-07 16:05       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-07 16:56         ` Jakub Kicinski
2020-07-07 17:17           ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-07-07 17:30             ` Jakub Kicinski
2020-07-11 16:32 ` Paul Menzel
2020-07-12  8:59   ` Sedat Dilek
2020-07-12 18:40     ` Nathan Chancellor
2020-07-14  9:44       ` Sedat Dilek
2020-07-14 17:54         ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-07-12 23:34   ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-14 12:16     ` Paul Menzel
2020-07-14 12:35       ` Sedat Dilek
2020-09-03 20:30 ` [PATCH v2 00/28] Add " Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 01/28] x86/boot/compressed: Disable relocation relaxation Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:44     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 23:42       ` Arvind Sankar
2020-09-04  7:14         ` Nathan Chancellor
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 02/28] x86/asm: Replace __force_order with memory clobber Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:45     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 03/28] lib/string.c: implement stpcpy Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:47     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 04/28] RAS/CEC: Fix cec_init() prototype Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:50     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 05/28] objtool: Add a pass for generating __mcount_loc Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:51     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 22:03       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-04  9:31         ` peterz
2020-09-10 18:29           ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 06/28] objtool: Don't autodetect vmlinux.o Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:52     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 07/28] kbuild: add support for objtool mcount Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:56     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 08/28] x86, build: use " Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:58     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 22:11       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 09/28] kbuild: add support for Clang LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:08     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 17:02       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-05 19:36     ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 17:10       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-05 20:17     ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 17:14       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-07 15:30     ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 17:30       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 10/28] kbuild: lto: fix module versioning Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:11     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 18:23       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 11/28] kbuild: lto: postpone objtool Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:19     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 20:56       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 12/28] kbuild: lto: limit inlining Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:20     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 13/28] kbuild: lto: merge module sections Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:23     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-07 15:25     ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 21:07       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 14/28] kbuild: lto: remove duplicate dependencies from .mod files Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:29     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 15/28] init: lto: ensure initcall ordering Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:40     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 21:16       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-10  9:25     ` David Woodhouse
2020-09-10 15:07       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 16/28] init: lto: fix PREL32 relocations Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:41     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 17/28] PCI: Fix PREL32 relocations for LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:42     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 18/28] modpost: lto: strip .lto from module names Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:42     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 19/28] scripts/mod: disable LTO for empty.c Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:43     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 20/28] efi/libstub: disable LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:43     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 21/28] drivers/misc/lkdtm: disable LTO for rodata.o Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 22/28] arm64: export CC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:44     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 21:23       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 23/28] arm64: vdso: disable LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:45     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 24/28] KVM: arm64: disable LTO for the nVHE directory Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:45     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 25/28] arm64: allow LTO_CLANG and THINLTO to be selected Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:45     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 26/28] x86, vdso: disable LTO only for vDSO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:46     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 27/28] x86, relocs: Ignore L4_PAGE_OFFSET relocations Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:47     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 23:28       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 28/28] x86, build: allow LTO_CLANG and THINLTO to be selected Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:48     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 23:34   ` [PATCH v2 00/28] Add support for Clang LTO Kees Cook
2020-09-04  4:45     ` Nathan Chancellor
2020-09-03 23:38   ` Kees Cook
2020-09-04  7:53   ` Sedat Dilek
2020-09-04  8:55   ` peterz
2020-09-04  9:08     ` Sedat Dilek
2020-09-06  0:24   ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 23:46     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-10  1:18       ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-10 15:17         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-10 18:18         ` Kees Cook

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