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From: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
To: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>,
	Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>,
	Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>,
	Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
	Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>,
	clang-built-linux <clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com>,
	Kernel Hardening <kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com>,
	linux-arch <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>,
	Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>,
	Linux Kbuild mailing list <linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org>,
	LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
	linux-pci@vger.kernel.org,
	"maintainer:X86 ARCHITECTURE (32-BIT AND 64-BIT)"
	<x86@kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 00/22] add support for Clang LTO
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2020 11:41:17 +0200	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <CANpmjNP+7TtE0WPU=nX5zs3T2+4hPkkm08meUm2VDVY3RgsHDw@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20200630203016.GI9247@paulmck-ThinkPad-P72>

On Tue, 30 Jun 2020 at 22:30, Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 30, 2020 at 10:12:43PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> > On Tue, Jun 30, 2020 at 09:19:31PM +0200, Marco Elver wrote:

> > > First of all, I agree with the concerns, but not because of LTO.
> > >
> > > To set the stage better, and summarize the fundamental problem again:
> > > we're in the unfortunate situation that no compiler today has a way to
> > > _efficiently_ deal with C11's memory_order_consume
> > > [https://lwn.net/Articles/588300/]. If we did, we could just use that
> > > and be done with it. But, sadly, that doesn't seem possible right now --
> > > compilers just say consume==acquire.
> >
> > I'm not convinced C11 memory_order_consume would actually work for us,
> > even if it would work. That is, given:
> >
> >   https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20150520005510.GA23559@linux.vnet.ibm.com/
> >
> > only pointers can have consume, but like I pointed out, we have code
> > that relies on dependent loads from integers.
>
> I agree that C11 memory_order_consume is not normally what we want,
> given that it is universally promoted to memory_order_acquire.
>
> However, dependent loads from integers are, if anything, more difficult
> to defend from the compiler than are control dependencies.  This applies
> doubly to integers that are used to index two-element arrays, in which
> case you are just asking the compiler to destroy your dependent loads
> by converting them into control dependencies.
>
> > > Will suggests doing the same in the
> > > kernel: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200630173734.14057-19-will@kernel.org
> >
> > PowerPC would need a similar thing, it too will not preserve causality
> > for control dependecies.
> >
> > > What we're most worried about right now is the existence of compiler
> > > transformations that could break data dependencies by e.g. turning them
> > > into control dependencies.
> >
> > Correct.
> >
> > > If this is a real worry, I don't think LTO is the magical feature that
> > > will uncover those optimizations. If these compiler transformations are
> > > real, they also exist in a normal build!
> >
> > Agreed, _however_ with the caveat that LTO could make them more common.
> >
> > After all, with whole program analysis, the compiler might be able to
> > more easily determine that our pointer @ptr is only ever assigned the
> > values of &A, &B or &C, while without that visibility it would not be
> > able to determine this.
> >
> > Once it knows @ptr has a limited number of determined values, the
> > conversion into control dependencies becomes much more likely.
>
> Which would of course break dependent loads.
>
> > > And if we are worried about them, we need to stop relying on dependent
> > > load ordering across the board; or switch to -O0 for everything.
> > > Clearly, we don't want either.
> >
> > Agreed.
> >
> > > Why do we think LTO is special?
> >
> > As argued above, whole-program analysis would make it more likely. But I
> > agree the fundamental problem exists independent from LTO.
> >
> > > But as far as we can tell, there is no evidence of the dreaded "data
> > > dependency to control dependency" conversion with LTO that isn't there
> > > in non-LTO builds, if it's even there at all. Has the data to control
> > > dependency conversion been encountered in the wild? If not, is the
> > > resulting reaction an overreaction? If so, we need to be careful blaming
> > > LTO for something that it isn't even guilty of.
> >
> > It is mostly paranoia; in a large part driven by the fact that even if
> > such a conversion were to be done, it could go a very long time without
> > actually causing problems, and longer still for such problems to be
> > traced back to such an 'optimization'.
> >
> > That is, the collective hurt from debugging too many ordering issues.
> >
> > > So, we are probably better off untangling LTO from the story:
> > >
> > > 1. LTO or no LTO does not matter. The LTO series should not get tangled
> > >    up with memory model issues.
> > >
> > > 2. The memory model question and problems need to be answered and
> > >    addressed separately.
> > >
> > > Thoughts?
> >
> > How hard would it be to creates something that analyzes a build and
> > looks for all 'dependent load -> control dependency' transformations
> > headed by a volatile (and/or from asm) load and issues a warning for
> > them?

I was thinking about this, but in the context of the "auto-promote to
acquire" which you didn't like. Issuing a warning should certainly be
simpler.

I think there is no one place where we know these transformations
happen, but rather, need to analyze the IR before transformations,
take note of all the dependent loads headed by volatile+asm, and then
run an analysis after optimizations checking the dependencies are
still there.

> > This would give us an indication of how valuable this transformation is
> > for the kernel. I'm hoping/expecting it's vanishingly rare, but what do
> > I know.
>
> This could be quite useful!

We might then even be able to say, "if you get this warning, turn on
CONFIG_ACQUIRE_READ_DEPENDENCIES" (or however the option will be
named). Or some other tricks, like automatically recompile the TU
where this happens with the option. But again, this is not something
that should specifically block LTO, because if we have this, we'll
need to turn it on for everything.

Thanks,
-- Marco

  parent reply	other threads:[~2020-07-01  9:41 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 207+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2020-06-24 20:31 [PATCH 00/22] add support for Clang LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 01/22] objtool: use sh_info to find the base for .rela sections Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 02/22] kbuild: add support for Clang LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:53   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 21:29     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25  2:26   ` Nathan Chancellor
2020-06-25 16:13     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 03/22] kbuild: lto: fix module versioning Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 04/22] kbuild: lto: fix recordmcount Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:27   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-24 21:45     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25  7:45       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25 16:15         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25 20:02           ` [RFC][PATCH] objtool,x86_64: Replace recordmcount with objtool Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25 20:54             ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-25 22:40             ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-26 11:29               ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-26 11:42                 ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-17 17:28                 ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-17 17:36                   ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-17 17:47                     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-17 18:05                       ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-20 16:52                         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-22 17:58                           ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-22 18:07                             ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-22 17:55                 ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-22 18:41                   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-22 19:09                     ` Steven Rostedt
2020-07-22 20:03                       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-22 23:56                       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-23  0:06                         ` Steven Rostedt
2020-08-06 22:09                           ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 05/22] kbuild: lto: postpone objtool Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:19   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-24 21:49     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25  7:47       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25 16:22         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25 18:33           ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25 19:32             ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 06/22] kbuild: lto: limit inlining Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:20   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-24 23:37     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 07/22] kbuild: lto: merge module sections Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:01   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 21:31     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 08/22] kbuild: lto: remove duplicate dependencies from .mod files Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:13   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 09/22] init: lto: ensure initcall ordering Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 10/22] init: lto: fix PREL32 relocations Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 11/22] pci: " Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-17 20:26   ` Bjorn Helgaas
2020-07-22 18:15     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 12/22] modpost: lto: strip .lto from module names Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 22:05   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 13/22] scripts/mod: disable LTO for empty.c Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:57   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 14/22] efi/libstub: disable LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 15/22] drivers/misc/lkdtm: disable LTO for rodata.o Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 16/22] arm64: export CC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 17/22] arm64: vdso: disable LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:58   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 21:09     ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 23:51       ` Andi Kleen
2020-06-24 21:52     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 23:05       ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-24 23:39         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 18/22] arm64: allow LTO_CLANG and THINLTO to be selected Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 19/22] x86, vdso: disable LTO only for vDSO Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 20/22] x86, ftrace: disable recordmcount for ftrace_make_nop Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:31 ` [PATCH 21/22] x86, relocs: Ignore L4_PAGE_OFFSET relocations Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 20:32 ` [PATCH 22/22] x86, build: allow LTO_CLANG and THINLTO to be selected Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-24 21:15 ` [PATCH 00/22] add support for Clang LTO Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-24 21:30   ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-06-25  8:27     ` Will Deacon
2020-06-24 21:31   ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-06-25  8:03     ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25  8:24       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-25  8:57         ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-30 19:19           ` Marco Elver
2020-06-30 20:12             ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-06-30 20:30               ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-01  9:10                 ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-01 14:20                   ` David Laight
2020-07-01 16:06                     ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-02  9:37                       ` David Laight
2020-07-02 18:00                         ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-01  9:41                 ` Marco Elver [this message]
2020-07-01 10:03                   ` Will Deacon
2020-07-01 11:40                   ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-01 14:06                     ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-01 15:05                       ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-01 16:03                         ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-02  8:20                           ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-02 17:59                             ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-03 13:13                               ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-03 13:25                                 ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-03 14:51                                   ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-03 14:42                                 ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-06 16:26                                   ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-06 18:29                                     ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-06 18:39                                       ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-07-06 19:40                                         ` Peter Zijlstra
2020-07-06 23:41                                           ` Paul E. McKenney
2020-06-28 16:56 ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-06-29 23:20   ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-07 15:51     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-07 16:05       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-07 16:56         ` Jakub Kicinski
2020-07-07 17:17           ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-07-07 17:30             ` Jakub Kicinski
2020-07-11 16:32 ` Paul Menzel
2020-07-12  8:59   ` Sedat Dilek
2020-07-12 18:40     ` Nathan Chancellor
2020-07-14  9:44       ` Sedat Dilek
2020-07-14 17:54         ` Nick Desaulniers
2020-07-12 23:34   ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-07-14 12:16     ` Paul Menzel
2020-07-14 12:35       ` Sedat Dilek
2020-09-03 20:30 ` [PATCH v2 00/28] Add " Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 01/28] x86/boot/compressed: Disable relocation relaxation Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:44     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 23:42       ` Arvind Sankar
2020-09-04  7:14         ` Nathan Chancellor
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 02/28] x86/asm: Replace __force_order with memory clobber Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:45     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 03/28] lib/string.c: implement stpcpy Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:47     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 04/28] RAS/CEC: Fix cec_init() prototype Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:50     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 05/28] objtool: Add a pass for generating __mcount_loc Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:51     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 22:03       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-04  9:31         ` peterz
2020-09-10 18:29           ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 06/28] objtool: Don't autodetect vmlinux.o Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:52     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 07/28] kbuild: add support for objtool mcount Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:56     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 08/28] x86, build: use " Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 21:58     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 22:11       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 09/28] kbuild: add support for Clang LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:08     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 17:02       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-05 19:36     ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 17:10       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-05 20:17     ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 17:14       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-07 15:30     ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 17:30       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 10/28] kbuild: lto: fix module versioning Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:11     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 18:23       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 11/28] kbuild: lto: postpone objtool Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:19     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 20:56       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 12/28] kbuild: lto: limit inlining Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:20     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 13/28] kbuild: lto: merge module sections Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:23     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-07 15:25     ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 21:07       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 14/28] kbuild: lto: remove duplicate dependencies from .mod files Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:29     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 15/28] init: lto: ensure initcall ordering Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:40     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 21:16       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-10  9:25     ` David Woodhouse
2020-09-10 15:07       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 16/28] init: lto: fix PREL32 relocations Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:41     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 17/28] PCI: Fix PREL32 relocations for LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:42     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 18/28] modpost: lto: strip .lto from module names Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:42     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 19/28] scripts/mod: disable LTO for empty.c Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:43     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 20/28] efi/libstub: disable LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:43     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 21/28] drivers/misc/lkdtm: disable LTO for rodata.o Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 22/28] arm64: export CC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:44     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 21:23       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 23/28] arm64: vdso: disable LTO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:45     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 24/28] KVM: arm64: disable LTO for the nVHE directory Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:45     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 25/28] arm64: allow LTO_CLANG and THINLTO to be selected Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:45     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 26/28] x86, vdso: disable LTO only for vDSO Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:46     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 27/28] x86, relocs: Ignore L4_PAGE_OFFSET relocations Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:47     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-08 23:28       ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 20:30   ` [PATCH v2 28/28] x86, build: allow LTO_CLANG and THINLTO to be selected Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-03 22:48     ` Kees Cook
2020-09-03 23:34   ` [PATCH v2 00/28] Add support for Clang LTO Kees Cook
2020-09-04  4:45     ` Nathan Chancellor
2020-09-03 23:38   ` Kees Cook
2020-09-04  7:53   ` Sedat Dilek
2020-09-04  8:55   ` peterz
2020-09-04  9:08     ` Sedat Dilek
2020-09-06  0:24   ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-08 23:46     ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-10  1:18       ` Masahiro Yamada
2020-09-10 15:17         ` Sami Tolvanen
2020-09-10 18:18         ` Kees Cook

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