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From: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
To: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH 01/26] xfs: Lower CIL flush limit for large logs
Date: Wed,  9 Oct 2019 14:20:59 +1100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20191009032124.10541-2-david@fromorbit.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20191009032124.10541-1-david@fromorbit.com>

From: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

The current CIL size aggregation limit is 1/8th the log size. This
means for large logs we might be aggregating at least 250MB of dirty objects
in memory before the CIL is flushed to the journal. With CIL shadow
buffers sitting around, this means the CIL is often consuming >500MB
of temporary memory that is all allocated under GFP_NOFS conditions.

Flushing the CIL can take some time to do if there is other IO
ongoing, and can introduce substantial log force latency by itself.
It also pins the memory until the objects are in the AIL and can be
written back and reclaimed by shrinkers. Hence this threshold also
tends to determine the minimum amount of memory XFS can operate in
under heavy modification without triggering the OOM killer.

Modify the CIL space limit to prevent such huge amounts of pinned
metadata from aggregating. We can have 2MB of log IO in flight at
once, so limit aggregation to 16x this size. This threshold was
chosen as it little impact on performance (on 16-way fsmark) or log
traffic but pins a lot less memory on large logs especially under
heavy memory pressure.  An aggregation limit of 8x had 5-10%
performance degradation and a 50% increase in log throughput for
the same workload, so clearly that was too small for highly
concurrent workloads on large logs.

This was found via trace analysis of AIL behaviour. e.g. insertion
from a single CIL flush:

xfs_ail_insert: old lsn 0/0 new lsn 1/3033090 type XFS_LI_INODE flags IN_AIL

$ grep xfs_ail_insert /mnt/scratch/s.t |grep "new lsn 1/3033090" |wc -l
1721823
$

So there were 1.7 million objects inserted into the AIL from this
CIL checkpoint, the first at 2323.392108, the last at 2325.667566 which
was the end of the trace (i.e. it hadn't finished). Clearly a major
problem.

Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
---
 fs/xfs/xfs_log_priv.h | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_log_priv.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_log_priv.h
index b880c23cb6e4..a3cc8a9a16d9 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_log_priv.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_log_priv.h
@@ -323,13 +323,30 @@ struct xfs_cil {
  * tries to keep 25% of the log free, so we need to keep below that limit or we
  * risk running out of free log space to start any new transactions.
  *
- * In order to keep background CIL push efficient, we will set a lower
- * threshold at which background pushing is attempted without blocking current
- * transaction commits.  A separate, higher bound defines when CIL pushes are
- * enforced to ensure we stay within our maximum checkpoint size bounds.
- * threshold, yet give us plenty of space for aggregation on large logs.
+ * In order to keep background CIL push efficient, we only need to ensure the
+ * CIL is large enough to maintain sufficient in-memory relogging to avoid
+ * repeated physical writes of frequently modified metadata. If we allow the CIL
+ * to grow to a substantial fraction of the log, then we may be pinning hundreds
+ * of megabytes of metadata in memory until the CIL flushes. This can cause
+ * issues when we are running low on memory - pinned memory cannot be reclaimed,
+ * and the CIL consumes a lot of memory. Hence we need to set an upper physical
+ * size limit for the CIL that limits the maximum amount of memory pinned by the
+ * CIL but does not limit performance by reducing relogging efficiency
+ * significantly.
+ *
+ * As such, the CIL push threshold ends up being the smaller of two thresholds:
+ * - a threshold large enough that it allows CIL to be pushed and progress to be
+ *   made without excessive blocking of incoming transaction commits. This is
+ *   defined to be 12.5% of the log space - half the 25% push threshold of the
+ *   AIL.
+ * - small enough that it doesn't pin excessive amounts of memory but maintains
+ *   close to peak relogging efficiency. This is defined to be 16x the iclog
+ *   buffer window (32MB) as measurements have shown this to be roughly the
+ *   point of diminishing performance increases under highly concurrent
+ *   modification workloads.
  */
-#define XLOG_CIL_SPACE_LIMIT(log)	(log->l_logsize >> 3)
+#define XLOG_CIL_SPACE_LIMIT(log)	\
+	min_t(int, (log)->l_logsize >> 3, BBTOB(XLOG_TOTAL_REC_SHIFT(log)) << 4)
 
 /*
  * ticket grant locks, queues and accounting have their own cachlines
-- 
2.23.0.rc1


  reply	other threads:[~2019-10-09  3:21 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 87+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2019-10-09  3:20 [PATCH V2 00/26] mm, xfs: non-blocking inode reclaim Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:20 ` Dave Chinner [this message]
2019-10-11 12:39   ` [PATCH 01/26] xfs: Lower CIL flush limit for large logs Brian Foster
2019-10-30 17:08   ` Darrick J. Wong
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 02/26] xfs: Throttle commits on delayed background CIL push Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 12:38   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 03/26] xfs: don't allow log IO to be throttled Dave Chinner
2019-10-11  9:35   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-11 12:39   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-30 17:14   ` Darrick J. Wong
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 04/26] xfs: Improve metadata buffer reclaim accountability Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 12:39   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-11 12:57     ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-11 23:14       ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 23:13     ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-12 12:05       ` Brian Foster
2019-10-13  3:14         ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-14 13:05           ` Brian Foster
2019-10-30 17:25   ` Darrick J. Wong
2019-10-30 21:43     ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-31  3:06       ` Darrick J. Wong
2019-10-31 20:50         ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-31 21:05           ` Darrick J. Wong
2019-10-31 21:22             ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-11-03 21:26             ` Dave Chinner
2019-11-04 23:08               ` Darrick J. Wong
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 05/26] xfs: correctly acount for reclaimable slabs Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 12:39   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-30 17:16   ` Darrick J. Wong
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 06/26] xfs: synchronous AIL pushing Dave Chinner
2019-10-11  9:42   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-11 12:40   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-11 23:15     ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 07/26] xfs: tail updates only need to occur when LSN changes Dave Chinner
2019-10-11  9:50   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-11 12:40   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 08/26] mm: directed shrinker work deferral Dave Chinner
2019-10-14  8:46   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-14 13:06     ` Brian Foster
2019-10-18  7:59     ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 09/26] shrinkers: use defer_work for GFP_NOFS sensitive shrinkers Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 10/26] mm: factor shrinker work calculations Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 11/26] shrinker: defer work only to kswapd Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 12/26] shrinker: clean up variable types and tracepoints Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 13/26] mm: reclaim_state records pages reclaimed, not slabs Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 14/26] mm: back off direct reclaim on excessive shrinker deferral Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 16:21   ` Matthew Wilcox
2019-10-11 23:20     ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 15/26] mm: kswapd backoff for shrinkers Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 16/26] xfs: synchronous AIL pushing Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 10:18   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-11 15:29     ` Brian Foster
2019-10-11 23:27       ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-12 12:08         ` Brian Foster
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 17/26] xfs: don't block kswapd in inode reclaim Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 15:29   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 18/26] xfs: reduce kswapd blocking on inode locking Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 10:29   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 19/26] xfs: kill background reclaim work Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 10:31   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 20/26] xfs: use AIL pushing for inode reclaim IO Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 17:38   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 21/26] xfs: remove mode from xfs_reclaim_inodes() Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 10:39   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-14 13:07   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 22/26] xfs: track reclaimable inodes using a LRU list Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 10:42   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-14 13:07   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 23/26] xfs: reclaim inodes from the LRU Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 10:56   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-30 23:25     ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 24/26] xfs: remove unusued old inode reclaim code Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 25/26] xfs: rework unreferenced inode lookups Dave Chinner
2019-10-11 12:55   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-11 13:39     ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-10-11 23:38     ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-14 13:07   ` Brian Foster
2019-10-17  1:24     ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-17  7:57       ` Brian Foster
2019-10-18 20:29         ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-09  3:21 ` [PATCH 26/26] xfs: use xfs_ail_push_all_sync in xfs_reclaim_inodes Dave Chinner
2019-10-11  9:55   ` Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-09  7:06 ` [PATCH V2 00/26] mm, xfs: non-blocking inode reclaim Christoph Hellwig
2019-10-11 19:03 ` Josef Bacik
2019-10-11 23:48   ` Dave Chinner
2019-10-12  0:19     ` Josef Bacik
2019-10-12  0:48       ` Dave Chinner

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