* [PATCH v4 12/28] docs: kbuild: convert docs to ReST and rename to *.rst
[not found] <cover.1560361364.git.mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
@ 2019-06-12 17:52 ` Mauro Carvalho Chehab
2019-06-12 17:52 ` [PATCH v4 13/28] docs: kdump: " Mauro Carvalho Chehab
2019-06-12 17:52 ` [PATCH v4 19/28] docs: powerpc: " Mauro Carvalho Chehab
2 siblings, 0 replies; 6+ messages in thread
From: Mauro Carvalho Chehab @ 2019-06-12 17:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Linux Doc Mailing List
Cc: linux-wireless, linux-fbdev, Emmanuel Grumbach,
Stanislaw Gruszka, Vignesh Raghavendra, Greg Kroah-Hartman,
bridge, Palmer Dabbelt, alsa-devel, dri-devel, Ofer Levi,
Masahiro Yamada, Harry Wei, Paul Mackerras, Miquel Raynal,
Mauro Carvalho Chehab, linux-kbuild, linux-riscv, Vincent Chen,
Aurelien Jacquiot, Jonas Bonn, Alex Shi, linux-c6x-dev,
linux-scsi, Jonathan Corbet, Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz, netdev,
Marek Vasut, coreteam, Federico Vaga, Mark Salter,
Alexey Kuznetsov, linux-snps-arc, Roopa Prabhu,
Pablo Neira Ayuso, devel, Albert Ou, Johannes Berg,
Intel Linux Wireless, Nikolay Aleksandrov, James E.J. Bottomley,
Jozsef Kadlecsik, linuxppc-dev, Mauro Carvalho Chehab, openrisc,
Greentime Hu, linux-mtd, Takashi Iwai, Jaroslav Kysela,
Stafford Horne, Stefan Kristiansson, Kalle Valo, Jon Maloy,
Michal Simek, Michal Marek, tipc-discussion, Teddy Wang,
Martin K. Petersen, Hideaki YOSHIFUJI, Vineet Gupta, linux-usb,
Florian Westphal, linux-kernel, Sudip Mukherjee,
Miguel Ojeda Sandonis, netfilter-devel, Richard Weinberger,
Ying Xue, Luca Coelho, Brian Norris, David Woodhouse,
David S. Miller
The kbuild documentation clearly shows that the documents
there are written at different times: some use markdown,
some use their own peculiar logic to split sections.
Convert everything to ReST without affecting too much
the author's style and avoiding adding uneeded markups.
The conversion is actually:
- add blank lines and identation in order to identify paragraphs;
- fix tables markups;
- add some lists markups;
- mark literal blocks;
- adjust title markups.
At its new index.rst, let's add a :orphan: while this is not linked to
the main index.rst file, in order to avoid build warnings.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
---
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst | 2 +-
| 5 +-
Documentation/kbuild/index.rst | 27 +
Documentation/kbuild/issues.rst | 11 +
.../kbuild/{kbuild.txt => kbuild.rst} | 119 ++--
...nfig-language.txt => kconfig-language.rst} | 232 ++++----
...anguage.txt => kconfig-macro-language.rst} | 37 +-
.../kbuild/{kconfig.txt => kconfig.rst} | 136 +++--
.../kbuild/{makefiles.txt => makefiles.rst} | 530 +++++++++++-------
.../kbuild/{modules.txt => modules.rst} | 168 +++---
Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst | 4 +-
Documentation/process/coding-style.rst | 2 +-
Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst | 2 +-
.../it_IT/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst | 4 +-
.../it_IT/process/coding-style.rst | 2 +-
.../it_IT/process/submit-checklist.rst | 2 +-
.../zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst | 2 +-
.../zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst | 2 +-
Kconfig | 2 +-
arch/arc/plat-eznps/Kconfig | 2 +-
arch/c6x/Kconfig | 2 +-
arch/microblaze/Kconfig.debug | 2 +-
arch/microblaze/Kconfig.platform | 2 +-
arch/nds32/Kconfig | 2 +-
arch/openrisc/Kconfig | 2 +-
arch/powerpc/sysdev/Kconfig | 2 +-
arch/riscv/Kconfig | 2 +-
drivers/auxdisplay/Kconfig | 2 +-
drivers/firmware/Kconfig | 2 +-
drivers/mtd/devices/Kconfig | 2 +-
drivers/net/ethernet/smsc/Kconfig | 6 +-
drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlegacy/Kconfig | 4 +-
drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/Kconfig | 2 +-
drivers/parport/Kconfig | 2 +-
drivers/scsi/Kconfig | 4 +-
drivers/staging/sm750fb/Kconfig | 2 +-
drivers/usb/misc/Kconfig | 4 +-
drivers/video/fbdev/Kconfig | 14 +-
net/bridge/netfilter/Kconfig | 2 +-
net/ipv4/netfilter/Kconfig | 2 +-
net/ipv6/netfilter/Kconfig | 2 +-
net/netfilter/Kconfig | 16 +-
net/tipc/Kconfig | 2 +-
scripts/Kbuild.include | 4 +-
scripts/Makefile.host | 2 +-
scripts/kconfig/symbol.c | 2 +-
.../tests/err_recursive_dep/expected_stderr | 14 +-
sound/oss/dmasound/Kconfig | 6 +-
48 files changed, 840 insertions(+), 561 deletions(-)
rename Documentation/kbuild/{headers_install.txt => headers_install.rst} (96%)
create mode 100644 Documentation/kbuild/index.rst
create mode 100644 Documentation/kbuild/issues.rst
rename Documentation/kbuild/{kbuild.txt => kbuild.rst} (72%)
rename Documentation/kbuild/{kconfig-language.txt => kconfig-language.rst} (85%)
rename Documentation/kbuild/{kconfig-macro-language.txt => kconfig-macro-language.rst} (94%)
rename Documentation/kbuild/{kconfig.txt => kconfig.rst} (80%)
rename Documentation/kbuild/{makefiles.txt => makefiles.rst} (83%)
rename Documentation/kbuild/{modules.txt => modules.rst} (84%)
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
index a582c780c3bd..cc6151fc0845 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ Configuring the kernel
"make tinyconfig" Configure the tiniest possible kernel.
You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools
- in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt.
+ in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst.
- NOTES on ``make config``:
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/headers_install.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/headers_install.rst
similarity index 96%
rename from Documentation/kbuild/headers_install.txt
rename to Documentation/kbuild/headers_install.rst
index f0153adb95e2..1ab7294e41ac 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/headers_install.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/headers_install.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+=============================================
Exporting kernel headers for use by userspace
=============================================
@@ -22,14 +23,14 @@ older kernel.
The "make headers_install" command can be run in the top level directory of the
kernel source code (or using a standard out-of-tree build). It takes two
-optional arguments:
+optional arguments::
make headers_install ARCH=i386 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/usr
ARCH indicates which architecture to produce headers for, and defaults to the
current architecture. The linux/asm directory of the exported kernel headers
is platform-specific, to see a complete list of supported architectures use
-the command:
+the command::
ls -d include/asm-* | sed 's/.*-//'
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/index.rst b/Documentation/kbuild/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..42d4cbe4460c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+:orphan:
+
+===================
+Kernel Build System
+===================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ kconfig-language
+ kconfig-macro-language
+
+ kbuild
+ kconfig
+ makefiles
+ modules
+
+ headers_install
+
+ issues
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/issues.rst b/Documentation/kbuild/issues.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9fdded4b681c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/issues.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Recursion issue #1
+------------------
+
+ .. include:: Kconfig.recursion-issue-01
+ :literal:
+
+Recursion issue #2
+------------------
+
+ .. include:: Kconfig.recursion-issue-02
+ :literal:
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.rst
similarity index 72%
rename from Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt
rename to Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.rst
index 9c230ea71963..e774e760522d 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.rst
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
+======
+Kbuild
+======
+
+
Output files
+============
modules.order
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
This file records the order in which modules appear in Makefiles. This
is used by modprobe to deterministically resolve aliases that match
multiple modules.
modules.builtin
---------------------------------------------------
+---------------
This file lists all modules that are built into the kernel. This is used
by modprobe to not fail when trying to load something builtin.
@@ -18,84 +24,90 @@ Unlike modinfo of a separate module, all fields are prefixed with module name.
Environment variables
+=====================
KCPPFLAGS
---------------------------------------------------
+---------
Additional options to pass when preprocessing. The preprocessing options
will be used in all cases where kbuild does preprocessing including
building C files and assembler files.
KAFLAGS
---------------------------------------------------
+-------
Additional options to the assembler (for built-in and modules).
AFLAGS_MODULE
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
Additional module specific options to use for $(AS).
AFLAGS_KERNEL
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
Additional options for $(AS) when used for assembler
code for code that is compiled as built-in.
KCFLAGS
---------------------------------------------------
+-------
Additional options to the C compiler (for built-in and modules).
CFLAGS_KERNEL
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
Additional options for $(CC) when used to compile
code that is compiled as built-in.
CFLAGS_MODULE
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
Additional module specific options to use for $(CC).
LDFLAGS_MODULE
---------------------------------------------------
+--------------
Additional options used for $(LD) when linking modules.
HOSTCFLAGS
---------------------------------------------------
+----------
Additional flags to be passed to $(HOSTCC) when building host programs.
HOSTCXXFLAGS
---------------------------------------------------
+------------
Additional flags to be passed to $(HOSTCXX) when building host programs.
HOSTLDFLAGS
---------------------------------------------------
+-----------
Additional flags to be passed when linking host programs.
HOSTLDLIBS
---------------------------------------------------
+----------
Additional libraries to link against when building host programs.
KBUILD_KCONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
+--------------
Set the top-level Kconfig file to the value of this environment
variable. The default name is "Kconfig".
KBUILD_VERBOSE
---------------------------------------------------
+--------------
Set the kbuild verbosity. Can be assigned same values as "V=...".
+
See make help for the full list.
+
Setting "V=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_VERBOSE.
KBUILD_EXTMOD
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
Set the directory to look for the kernel source when building external
modules.
+
Setting "M=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_EXTMOD.
KBUILD_OUTPUT
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
Specify the output directory when building the kernel.
+
The output directory can also be specified using "O=...".
+
Setting "O=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_OUTPUT.
KBUILD_DEBARCH
---------------------------------------------------
+--------------
For the deb-pkg target, allows overriding the normal heuristics deployed by
deb-pkg. Normally deb-pkg attempts to guess the right architecture based on
the UTS_MACHINE variable, and on some architectures also the kernel config.
@@ -103,44 +115,48 @@ The value of KBUILD_DEBARCH is assumed (not checked) to be a valid Debian
architecture.
ARCH
---------------------------------------------------
+----
Set ARCH to the architecture to be built.
+
In most cases the name of the architecture is the same as the
directory name found in the arch/ directory.
+
But some architectures such as x86 and sparc have aliases.
-x86: i386 for 32 bit, x86_64 for 64 bit
-sh: sh for 32 bit, sh64 for 64 bit
-sparc: sparc32 for 32 bit, sparc64 for 64 bit
+
+- x86: i386 for 32 bit, x86_64 for 64 bit
+- sh: sh for 32 bit, sh64 for 64 bit
+- sparc: sparc32 for 32 bit, sparc64 for 64 bit
CROSS_COMPILE
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
Specify an optional fixed part of the binutils filename.
CROSS_COMPILE can be a part of the filename or the full path.
CROSS_COMPILE is also used for ccache in some setups.
CF
---------------------------------------------------
+--
Additional options for sparse.
-CF is often used on the command-line like this:
+
+CF is often used on the command-line like this::
make CF=-Wbitwise C=2
INSTALL_PATH
---------------------------------------------------
+------------
INSTALL_PATH specifies where to place the updated kernel and system map
images. Default is /boot, but you can set it to other values.
INSTALLKERNEL
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------
Install script called when using "make install".
The default name is "installkernel".
The script will be called with the following arguments:
- $1 - kernel version
- $2 - kernel image file
- $3 - kernel map file
- $4 - default install path (use root directory if blank)
+ - $1 - kernel version
+ - $2 - kernel image file
+ - $3 - kernel map file
+ - $4 - default install path (use root directory if blank)
The implementation of "make install" is architecture specific
and it may differ from the above.
@@ -149,32 +165,33 @@ INSTALLKERNEL is provided to enable the possibility to
specify a custom installer when cross compiling a kernel.
MODLIB
---------------------------------------------------
+------
Specify where to install modules.
-The default value is:
+The default value is::
$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)
The value can be overridden in which case the default value is ignored.
INSTALL_MOD_PATH
---------------------------------------------------
+----------------
INSTALL_MOD_PATH specifies a prefix to MODLIB for module directory
relocations required by build roots. This is not defined in the
makefile but the argument can be passed to make if needed.
INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
---------------------------------------------------
+-----------------
INSTALL_MOD_STRIP, if defined, will cause modules to be
stripped after they are installed. If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then
the default option --strip-debug will be used. Otherwise,
INSTALL_MOD_STRIP value will be used as the options to the strip command.
INSTALL_HDR_PATH
---------------------------------------------------
+----------------
INSTALL_HDR_PATH specifies where to install user space headers when
executing "make headers_*".
-The default value is:
+
+The default value is::
$(objtree)/usr
@@ -184,65 +201,65 @@ The output directory is often set using "O=..." on the commandline.
The value can be overridden in which case the default value is ignored.
KBUILD_SIGN_PIN
---------------------------------------------------
+---------------
This variable allows a passphrase or PIN to be passed to the sign-file
utility when signing kernel modules, if the private key requires such.
KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------------
KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN can be set to avoid errors in case of undefined
symbols in the final module linking stage. It changes such errors
into warnings.
KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL
---------------------------------------------------
+----------------------
KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL can be set to skip the final link of modules.
This is solely useful to speed up test compiles.
KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS
---------------------------------------------------
+--------------------
For modules that use symbols from other modules.
See more details in modules.txt.
ALLSOURCE_ARCHS
---------------------------------------------------
+---------------
For tags/TAGS/cscope targets, you can specify more than one arch
-to be included in the databases, separated by blank space. E.g.:
+to be included in the databases, separated by blank space. E.g.::
$ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS="x86 mips arm" tags
-To get all available archs you can also specify all. E.g.:
+To get all available archs you can also specify all. E.g.::
$ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS=all tags
KBUILD_ENABLE_EXTRA_GCC_CHECKS
---------------------------------------------------
+------------------------------
If enabled over the make command line with "W=1", it turns on additional
gcc -W... options for more extensive build-time checking.
KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------------------------------
+----------------------
Setting this to a date string overrides the timestamp used in the
UTS_VERSION definition (uname -v in the running kernel). The value has to
be a string that can be passed to date -d. The default value
is the output of the date command at one point during build.
KBUILD_BUILD_USER, KBUILD_BUILD_HOST
---------------------------------------------------
+------------------------------------
These two variables allow to override the user@host string displayed during
boot and in /proc/version. The default value is the output of the commands
whoami and host, respectively.
KBUILD_LDS
---------------------------------------------------
+----------
The linker script with full path. Assigned by the top-level Makefile.
KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------------
All object files for vmlinux. They are linked to vmlinux in the same
order as listed in KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS.
KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------------
All .a "lib" files for vmlinux. KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS and KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
together specify all the object files used to link vmlinux.
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
similarity index 85%
rename from Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
rename to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
index 864e740811da..2bc8a7803365 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
+================
+Kconfig Language
+================
+
Introduction
------------
The configuration database is a collection of configuration options
-organized in a tree structure:
+organized in a tree structure::
+- Code maturity level options
| +- Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
@@ -25,9 +29,9 @@ Menu entries
------------
Most entries define a config option; all other entries help to organize
-them. A single configuration option is defined like this:
+them. A single configuration option is defined like this::
-config MODVERSIONS
+ config MODVERSIONS
bool "Set version information on all module symbols"
depends on MODULES
help
@@ -52,10 +56,12 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
Every config option must have a type. There are only two basic types:
tristate and string; the other types are based on these two. The type
definition optionally accepts an input prompt, so these two examples
- are equivalent:
+ are equivalent::
bool "Networking support"
- and
+
+ and::
+
bool
prompt "Networking support"
@@ -98,8 +104,10 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
d) Hardware or infrastructure that everybody expects, such as CONFIG_NET
or CONFIG_BLOCK. These are rare exceptions.
-- type definition + default value:
+- type definition + default value::
+
"def_bool"/"def_tristate" <expr> ["if" <expr>]
+
This is a shorthand notation for a type definition plus a value.
Optionally dependencies for this default value can be added with "if".
@@ -107,11 +115,13 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
This defines a dependency for this menu entry. If multiple
dependencies are defined, they are connected with '&&'. Dependencies
are applied to all other options within this menu entry (which also
- accept an "if" expression), so these two examples are equivalent:
+ accept an "if" expression), so these two examples are equivalent::
bool "foo" if BAR
default y if BAR
- and
+
+ and::
+
depends on BAR
bool "foo"
default y
@@ -124,6 +134,7 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
times, the limit is set to the largest selection.
Reverse dependencies can only be used with boolean or tristate
symbols.
+
Note:
select should be used with care. select will force
a symbol to a value without visiting the dependencies.
@@ -139,24 +150,26 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
symbol except that the "implied" symbol's value may still be set to n
from a direct dependency or with a visible prompt.
- Given the following example:
+ Given the following example::
- config FOO
+ config FOO
tristate
imply BAZ
- config BAZ
+ config BAZ
tristate
depends on BAR
The following values are possible:
+ === === ============= ==============
FOO BAR BAZ's default choice for BAZ
- --- --- ------------- --------------
+ === === ============= ==============
n y n N/m/y
m y m M/y/n
y y y Y/n
y n * N
+ === === ============= ==============
This is useful e.g. with multiple drivers that want to indicate their
ability to hook into a secondary subsystem while allowing the user to
@@ -208,9 +221,9 @@ Menu dependencies
Dependencies define the visibility of a menu entry and can also reduce
the input range of tristate symbols. The tristate logic used in the
expressions uses one more state than normal boolean logic to express the
-module state. Dependency expressions have the following syntax:
+module state. Dependency expressions have the following syntax::
-<expr> ::= <symbol> (1)
+ <expr> ::= <symbol> (1)
<symbol> '=' <symbol> (2)
<symbol> '!=' <symbol> (3)
<symbol1> '<' <symbol2> (4)
@@ -222,7 +235,7 @@ module state. Dependency expressions have the following syntax:
<expr> '&&' <expr> (7)
<expr> '||' <expr> (8)
-Expressions are listed in decreasing order of precedence.
+Expressions are listed in decreasing order of precedence.
(1) Convert the symbol into an expression. Boolean and tristate symbols
are simply converted into the respective expression values. All
@@ -255,15 +268,15 @@ Menu structure
--------------
The position of a menu entry in the tree is determined in two ways. First
-it can be specified explicitly:
+it can be specified explicitly::
-menu "Network device support"
+ menu "Network device support"
depends on NET
-config NETDEVICES
+ config NETDEVICES
...
-endmenu
+ endmenu
All entries within the "menu" ... "endmenu" block become a submenu of
"Network device support". All subentries inherit the dependencies from
@@ -275,17 +288,18 @@ dependencies. If a menu entry somehow depends on the previous entry, it
can be made a submenu of it. First, the previous (parent) symbol must
be part of the dependency list and then one of these two conditions
must be true:
+
- the child entry must become invisible, if the parent is set to 'n'
-- the child entry must only be visible, if the parent is visible
+- the child entry must only be visible, if the parent is visible::
-config MODULES
+ config MODULES
bool "Enable loadable module support"
-config MODVERSIONS
+ config MODVERSIONS
bool "Set version information on all module symbols"
depends on MODULES
-comment "module support disabled"
+ comment "module support disabled"
depends on !MODULES
MODVERSIONS directly depends on MODULES, this means it's only visible if
@@ -299,6 +313,7 @@ Kconfig syntax
The configuration file describes a series of menu entries, where every
line starts with a keyword (except help texts). The following keywords
end a menu entry:
+
- config
- menuconfig
- choice/endchoice
@@ -306,17 +321,17 @@ end a menu entry:
- menu/endmenu
- if/endif
- source
+
The first five also start the definition of a menu entry.
-config:
-
+config::
"config" <symbol>
<config options>
This defines a config symbol <symbol> and accepts any of above
attributes as options.
-menuconfig:
+menuconfig::
"menuconfig" <symbol>
<config options>
@@ -325,43 +340,43 @@ hint to front ends, that all suboptions should be displayed as a
separate list of options. To make sure all the suboptions will really
show up under the menuconfig entry and not outside of it, every item
from the <config options> list must depend on the menuconfig symbol.
-In practice, this is achieved by using one of the next two constructs:
+In practice, this is achieved by using one of the next two constructs::
-(1):
-menuconfig M
-if M
- config C1
- config C2
-endif
+ (1):
+ menuconfig M
+ if M
+ config C1
+ config C2
+ endif
-(2):
-menuconfig M
-config C1
- depends on M
-config C2
- depends on M
+ (2):
+ menuconfig M
+ config C1
+ depends on M
+ config C2
+ depends on M
In the following examples (3) and (4), C1 and C2 still have the M
dependency, but will not appear under menuconfig M anymore, because
-of C0, which doesn't depend on M:
+of C0, which doesn't depend on M::
-(3):
-menuconfig M
- config C0
-if M
- config C1
- config C2
-endif
+ (3):
+ menuconfig M
+ config C0
+ if M
+ config C1
+ config C2
+ endif
-(4):
-menuconfig M
-config C0
-config C1
- depends on M
-config C2
- depends on M
+ (4):
+ menuconfig M
+ config C0
+ config C1
+ depends on M
+ config C2
+ depends on M
-choices:
+choices::
"choice" [symbol]
<choice options>
@@ -387,7 +402,7 @@ definitions of that choice. If a [symbol] is associated to the choice,
then you may define the same choice (i.e. with the same entries) in another
place.
-comment:
+comment::
"comment" <prompt>
<comment options>
@@ -396,7 +411,7 @@ This defines a comment which is displayed to the user during the
configuration process and is also echoed to the output files. The only
possible options are dependencies.
-menu:
+menu::
"menu" <prompt>
<menu options>
@@ -407,7 +422,7 @@ This defines a menu block, see "Menu structure" above for more
information. The only possible options are dependencies and "visible"
attributes.
-if:
+if::
"if" <expr>
<if block>
@@ -416,13 +431,13 @@ if:
This defines an if block. The dependency expression <expr> is appended
to all enclosed menu entries.
-source:
+source::
"source" <prompt>
This reads the specified configuration file. This file is always parsed.
-mainmenu:
+mainmenu::
"mainmenu" <prompt>
@@ -452,20 +467,21 @@ that is defined in a common Kconfig file and selected by the relevant
architectures.
An example is the generic IOMAP functionality.
-We would in lib/Kconfig see:
+We would in lib/Kconfig see::
-# Generic IOMAP is used to ...
-config HAVE_GENERIC_IOMAP
+ # Generic IOMAP is used to ...
+ config HAVE_GENERIC_IOMAP
-config GENERIC_IOMAP
+ config GENERIC_IOMAP
depends on HAVE_GENERIC_IOMAP && FOO
-And in lib/Makefile we would see:
-obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP) += iomap.o
+And in lib/Makefile we would see::
-For each architecture using the generic IOMAP functionality we would see:
+ obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP) += iomap.o
-config X86
+For each architecture using the generic IOMAP functionality we would see::
+
+ config X86
select ...
select HAVE_GENERIC_IOMAP
select ...
@@ -484,25 +500,25 @@ Adding features that need compiler support
There are several features that need compiler support. The recommended way
to describe the dependency on the compiler feature is to use "depends on"
-followed by a test macro.
+followed by a test macro::
-config STACKPROTECTOR
+ config STACKPROTECTOR
bool "Stack Protector buffer overflow detection"
depends on $(cc-option,-fstack-protector)
...
If you need to expose a compiler capability to makefiles and/or C source files,
-CC_HAS_ is the recommended prefix for the config option.
+`CC_HAS_` is the recommended prefix for the config option::
-config CC_HAS_STACKPROTECTOR_NONE
+ config CC_HAS_STACKPROTECTOR_NONE
def_bool $(cc-option,-fno-stack-protector)
Build as module only
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To restrict a component build to module-only, qualify its config symbol
-with "depends on m". E.g.:
+with "depends on m". E.g.::
-config FOO
+ config FOO
depends on BAR && m
limits FOO to module (=m) or disabled (=n).
@@ -529,18 +545,18 @@ Simple Kconfig recursive issue
Read: Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-01
-Test with:
+Test with::
-make KBUILD_KCONFIG=Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-01 allnoconfig
+ make KBUILD_KCONFIG=Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-01 allnoconfig
Cumulative Kconfig recursive issue
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Read: Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-02
-Test with:
+Test with::
-make KBUILD_KCONFIG=Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-02 allnoconfig
+ make KBUILD_KCONFIG=Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-02 allnoconfig
Practical solutions to kconfig recursive issue
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -551,7 +567,9 @@ historical issues resolved through these different solutions.
a) Remove any superfluous "select FOO" or "depends on FOO"
b) Match dependency semantics:
+
b1) Swap all "select FOO" to "depends on FOO" or,
+
b2) Swap all "depends on FOO" to "select FOO"
The resolution to a) can be tested with the sample Kconfig file
@@ -566,8 +584,9 @@ Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-02.
Below is a list of examples of prior fixes for these types of recursive issues;
all errors appear to involve one or more select's and one or more "depends on".
+============ ===================================
commit fix
-====== ===
+============ ===================================
06b718c01208 select A -> depends on A
c22eacfe82f9 depends on A -> depends on B
6a91e854442c select A -> depends on A
@@ -590,6 +609,7 @@ d9f9ab51e55e select A -> depends on A
0c51a4d8abd6 depends on A -> select A (3)
e98062ed6dc4 select A -> depends on A (3)
91e5d284a7f1 select A -> (null)
+============ ===================================
(1) Partial (or no) quote of error.
(2) That seems to be the gist of that fix.
@@ -616,11 +636,11 @@ Semantics of Kconfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The use of Kconfig is broad, Linux is now only one of Kconfig's users:
-one study has completed a broad analysis of Kconfig use in 12 projects [0].
+one study has completed a broad analysis of Kconfig use in 12 projects [0]_.
Despite its widespread use, and although this document does a reasonable job
in documenting basic Kconfig syntax a more precise definition of Kconfig
semantics is welcomed. One project deduced Kconfig semantics through
-the use of the xconfig configurator [1]. Work should be done to confirm if
+the use of the xconfig configurator [1]_. Work should be done to confirm if
the deduced semantics matches our intended Kconfig design goals.
Having well defined semantics can be useful for tools for practical
@@ -628,42 +648,42 @@ evaluation of depenencies, for instance one such use known case was work to
express in boolean abstraction of the inferred semantics of Kconfig to
translate Kconfig logic into boolean formulas and run a SAT solver on this to
find dead code / features (always inactive), 114 dead features were found in
-Linux using this methodology [1] (Section 8: Threats to validity).
+Linux using this methodology [1]_ (Section 8: Threats to validity).
Confirming this could prove useful as Kconfig stands as one of the the leading
-industrial variability modeling languages [1] [2]. Its study would help
+industrial variability modeling languages [1]_ [2]_. Its study would help
evaluate practical uses of such languages, their use was only theoretical
and real world requirements were not well understood. As it stands though
only reverse engineering techniques have been used to deduce semantics from
-variability modeling languages such as Kconfig [3].
+variability modeling languages such as Kconfig [3]_.
-[0] http://www.eng.uwaterloo.ca/~shshe/kconfig_semantics.pdf
-[1] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/vm-2013-berger.pdf
-[2] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/ase241-berger_0.pdf
-[3] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/icse2011.pdf
+.. [0] http://www.eng.uwaterloo.ca/~shshe/kconfig_semantics.pdf
+.. [1] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/vm-2013-berger.pdf
+.. [2] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/ase241-berger_0.pdf
+.. [3] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/icse2011.pdf
Full SAT solver for Kconfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Although SAT solvers [0] haven't yet been used by Kconfig directly, as noted in
-the previous subsection, work has been done however to express in boolean
+Although SAT solvers [4]_ haven't yet been used by Kconfig directly, as noted
+in the previous subsection, work has been done however to express in boolean
abstraction the inferred semantics of Kconfig to translate Kconfig logic into
-boolean formulas and run a SAT solver on it [1]. Another known related project
-is CADOS [2] (former VAMOS [3]) and the tools, mainly undertaker [4], which has
-been introduced first with [5]. The basic concept of undertaker is to exract
-variability models from Kconfig, and put them together with a propositional
-formula extracted from CPP #ifdefs and build-rules into a SAT solver in order
-to find dead code, dead files, and dead symbols. If using a SAT solver is
-desirable on Kconfig one approach would be to evaluate repurposing such efforts
-somehow on Kconfig. There is enough interest from mentors of existing projects
-to not only help advise how to integrate this work upstream but also help
-maintain it long term. Interested developers should visit:
+boolean formulas and run a SAT solver on it [5]_. Another known related project
+is CADOS [6]_ (former VAMOS [7]_) and the tools, mainly undertaker [8]_, which
+has been introduced first with [9]_. The basic concept of undertaker is to
+exract variability models from Kconfig, and put them together with a
+propositional formula extracted from CPP #ifdefs and build-rules into a SAT
+solver in order to find dead code, dead files, and dead symbols. If using a SAT
+solver is desirable on Kconfig one approach would be to evaluate repurposing
+such efforts somehow on Kconfig. There is enough interest from mentors of
+existing projects to not only help advise how to integrate this work upstream
+but also help maintain it long term. Interested developers should visit:
http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelProjects/kconfig-sat
-[0] http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~sabhar/chapters/SATSolvers-KR-Handbook.pdf
-[1] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/vm-2013-berger.pdf
-[2] https://cados.cs.fau.de
-[3] https://vamos.cs.fau.de
-[4] https://undertaker.cs.fau.de
-[5] https://www4.cs.fau.de/Publications/2011/tartler_11_eurosys.pdf
+.. [4] http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~sabhar/chapters/SATSolvers-KR-Handbook.pdf
+.. [5] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/vm-2013-berger.pdf
+.. [6] https://cados.cs.fau.de
+.. [7] https://vamos.cs.fau.de
+.. [8] https://undertaker.cs.fau.de
+.. [9] https://www4.cs.fau.de/Publications/2011/tartler_11_eurosys.pdf
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.rst
similarity index 94%
rename from Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.txt
rename to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.rst
index 07da2ea68dce..35b3263b7e40 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-macro-language.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+======================
+Kconfig macro language
+======================
+
Concept
-------
@@ -7,7 +11,7 @@ targets and prerequisites. The other is a macro language for performing textual
substitution.
There is clear distinction between the two language stages. For example, you
-can write a makefile like follows:
+can write a makefile like follows::
APP := foo
SRC := foo.c
@@ -17,7 +21,7 @@ can write a makefile like follows:
$(CC) -o $(APP) $(SRC)
The macro language replaces the variable references with their expanded form,
-and handles as if the source file were input like follows:
+and handles as if the source file were input like follows::
foo: foo.c
gcc -o foo foo.c
@@ -26,7 +30,7 @@ Then, Make analyzes the dependency graph and determines the targets to be
updated.
The idea is quite similar in Kconfig - it is possible to describe a Kconfig
-file like this:
+file like this::
CC := gcc
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ file like this:
def_bool $(shell, $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-check-foo.sh $(CC))
The macro language in Kconfig processes the source file into the following
-intermediate:
+intermediate::
config CC_HAS_FOO
def_bool y
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ variable. The righthand side of += is expanded immediately if the lefthand
side was originally defined as a simple variable. Otherwise, its evaluation is
deferred.
-The variable reference can take parameters, in the following form:
+The variable reference can take parameters, in the following form::
$(name,arg1,arg2,arg3)
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@ Make vs Kconfig
Kconfig adopts Make-like macro language, but the function call syntax is
slightly different.
-A function call in Make looks like this:
+A function call in Make looks like this::
$(func-name arg1,arg2,arg3)
@@ -149,14 +153,14 @@ The function name and the first argument are separated by at least one
whitespace. Then, leading whitespaces are trimmed from the first argument,
while whitespaces in the other arguments are kept. You need to use a kind of
trick to start the first parameter with spaces. For example, if you want
-to make "info" function print " hello", you can write like follows:
+to make "info" function print " hello", you can write like follows::
empty :=
space := $(empty) $(empty)
$(info $(space)$(space)hello)
Kconfig uses only commas for delimiters, and keeps all whitespaces in the
-function call. Some people prefer putting a space after each comma delimiter:
+function call. Some people prefer putting a space after each comma delimiter::
$(func-name, arg1, arg2, arg3)
@@ -166,7 +170,7 @@ Make - for example, $(subst .c, .o, $(sources)) is a typical mistake; it
replaces ".c" with " .o".
In Make, a user-defined function is referenced by using a built-in function,
-'call', like this:
+'call', like this::
$(call my-func,arg1,arg2,arg3)
@@ -179,12 +183,12 @@ Likewise, $(info hello, world) prints "hello, world" to stdout. You could say
this is _useful_ inconsistency.
In Kconfig, for simpler implementation and grammatical consistency, commas that
-appear in the $( ) context are always delimiters. It means
+appear in the $( ) context are always delimiters. It means::
$(shell, echo hello, world)
is an error because it is passing two parameters where the 'shell' function
-accepts only one. To pass commas in arguments, you can use the following trick:
+accepts only one. To pass commas in arguments, you can use the following trick::
comma := ,
$(shell, echo hello$(comma) world)
@@ -195,7 +199,7 @@ Caveats
A variable (or function) cannot be expanded across tokens. So, you cannot use
a variable as a shorthand for an expression that consists of multiple tokens.
-The following works:
+The following works::
RANGE_MIN := 1
RANGE_MAX := 3
@@ -204,7 +208,7 @@ The following works:
int "foo"
range $(RANGE_MIN) $(RANGE_MAX)
-But, the following does not work:
+But, the following does not work::
RANGES := 1 3
@@ -213,7 +217,7 @@ But, the following does not work:
range $(RANGES)
A variable cannot be expanded to any keyword in Kconfig. The following does
-not work:
+not work::
MY_TYPE := tristate
@@ -223,7 +227,8 @@ not work:
Obviously from the design, $(shell command) is expanded in the textual
substitution phase. You cannot pass symbols to the 'shell' function.
-The following does not work as expected.
+
+The following does not work as expected::
config ENDIAN_FLAG
string
@@ -234,7 +239,7 @@ The following does not work as expected.
def_bool $(shell $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-check-flag ENDIAN_FLAG)
Instead, you can do like follows so that any function call is statically
-expanded.
+expanded::
config CC_HAS_ENDIAN_FLAG
bool
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst
similarity index 80%
rename from Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt
rename to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst
index 68c82914c0f3..88129af7e539 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-This file contains some assistance for using "make *config".
+===================
+Kconfig make config
+===================
+
+This file contains some assistance for using `make *config`.
Use "make help" to list all of the possible configuration targets.
@@ -6,9 +10,8 @@ The xconfig ('qconf'), menuconfig ('mconf'), and nconfig ('nconf')
programs also have embedded help text. Be sure to check that for
navigation, search, and other general help text.
-======================================================================
General
---------------------------------------------------
+-------
New kernel releases often introduce new config symbols. Often more
important, new kernel releases may rename config symbols. When
@@ -17,51 +20,55 @@ this happens, using a previously working .config file and running
for you, so you may find that you need to see what NEW kernel
symbols have been introduced.
-To see a list of new config symbols, use
+To see a list of new config symbols, use::
cp user/some/old.config .config
make listnewconfig
and the config program will list any new symbols, one per line.
-Alternatively, you can use the brute force method:
+Alternatively, you can use the brute force method::
make oldconfig
scripts/diffconfig .config.old .config | less
-______________________________________________________________________
-Environment variables for '*config'
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Environment variables for `*config`
KCONFIG_CONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
+--------------
This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
file name to override the default name of ".config".
KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
+-----------------------
If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
-CONFIG_
---------------------------------------------------
-If you set CONFIG_ in the environment, Kconfig will prefix all symbols
+`CONFIG_`
+---------
+If you set `CONFIG_` in the environment, Kconfig will prefix all symbols
with its value when saving the configuration, instead of using the default,
-"CONFIG_".
+`CONFIG_`.
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
-______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for '{allyes/allmod/allno/rand}config'
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
+-----------------
(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
+
--------------------------------------------------
+
The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can also
use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a filename
that contains config symbols that the user requires to be set to a
specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a filename where
-KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG == "" or KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG == "1", "make *config"
+KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG == "" or KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG == "1", `make *config`
checks for a file named "all{yes/mod/no/def/random}.config"
-(corresponding to the *config command that was used) for symbol values
+(corresponding to the `*config` command that was used) for symbol values
that are to be forced. If this file is not found, it checks for a
file named "all.config" to contain forced values.
@@ -74,43 +81,55 @@ This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols. These variable
settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
-Examples:
+Examples::
+
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
-or
+
+or::
+
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
-or
+
+or::
+
make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
mini-config files.
-______________________________________________________________________
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Environment variables for 'randconfig'
KCONFIG_SEED
---------------------------------------------------
+------------
You can set this to the integer value used to seed the RNG, if you want
to somehow debug the behaviour of the kconfig parser/frontends.
If not set, the current time will be used.
KCONFIG_PROBABILITY
---------------------------------------------------
+-------------------
This variable can be used to skew the probabilities. This variable can
be unset or empty, or set to three different formats:
+
+ ======================= ================== =====================
KCONFIG_PROBABILITY y:n split y:m:n split
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
+ ======================= ================== =====================
unset or empty 50 : 50 33 : 33 : 34
N N : 100-N N/2 : N/2 : 100-N
[1] N:M N+M : 100-(N+M) N : M : 100-(N+M)
[2] N:M:L N : 100-N M : L : 100-(M+L)
+ ======================= ================== =====================
where N, M and L are integers (in base 10) in the range [0,100], and so
that:
+
[1] N+M is in the range [0,100]
+
[2] M+L is in the range [0,100]
-Examples:
+Examples::
+
KCONFIG_PROBABILITY=10
10% of booleans will be set to 'y', 90% to 'n'
5% of tristates will be set to 'y', 5% to 'm', 90% to 'n'
@@ -121,34 +140,36 @@ Examples:
10% of booleans will be set to 'y', 90% to 'n'
15% of tristates will be set to 'y', 15% to 'm', 70% to 'n'
-______________________________________________________________________
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Environment variables for 'syncconfig'
KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
---------------------------------------------------
+----------------------
If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
config updates (requires explicit updates).
KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
---------------------------------------------------
+------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"auto.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
KCONFIG_TRISTATE
---------------------------------------------------
+----------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"tristate.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/tristate.conf".
KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
---------------------------------------------------
+------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"autoconf.h" (header) file.
Its default value is "include/generated/autoconf.h".
-======================================================================
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
menuconfig
---------------------------------------------------
+----------
SEARCHING for CONFIG symbols
@@ -158,7 +179,8 @@ Searching in menuconfig:
names, so you have to know something close to what you are
looking for.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
/hotplug
This lists all config symbols that contain "hotplug",
e.g., HOTPLUG_CPU, MEMORY_HOTPLUG.
@@ -166,48 +188,55 @@ Searching in menuconfig:
For search help, enter / followed by TAB-TAB (to highlight
<Help>) and Enter. This will tell you that you can also use
regular expressions (regexes) in the search string, so if you
- are not interested in MEMORY_HOTPLUG, you could try
+ are not interested in MEMORY_HOTPLUG, you could try::
/^hotplug
When searching, symbols are sorted thus:
+
- first, exact matches, sorted alphabetically (an exact match
is when the search matches the complete symbol name);
- then, other matches, sorted alphabetically.
+
For example: ^ATH.K matches:
+
ATH5K ATH9K ATH5K_AHB ATH5K_DEBUG [...] ATH6KL ATH6KL_DEBUG
[...] ATH9K_AHB ATH9K_BTCOEX_SUPPORT ATH9K_COMMON [...]
+
of which only ATH5K and ATH9K match exactly and so are sorted
first (and in alphabetical order), then come all other symbols,
sorted in alphabetical order.
-______________________________________________________________________
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
User interface options for 'menuconfig'
MENUCONFIG_COLOR
---------------------------------------------------
+----------------
It is possible to select different color themes using the variable
-MENUCONFIG_COLOR. To select a theme use:
+MENUCONFIG_COLOR. To select a theme use::
make MENUCONFIG_COLOR=<theme> menuconfig
-Available themes are:
- mono => selects colors suitable for monochrome displays
- blackbg => selects a color scheme with black background
- classic => theme with blue background. The classic look
- bluetitle => a LCD friendly version of classic. (default)
+Available themes are::
+
+ - mono => selects colors suitable for monochrome displays
+ - blackbg => selects a color scheme with black background
+ - classic => theme with blue background. The classic look
+ - bluetitle => a LCD friendly version of classic. (default)
MENUCONFIG_MODE
---------------------------------------------------
+---------------
This mode shows all sub-menus in one large tree.
-Example:
+Example::
+
make MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu menuconfig
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
-======================================================================
nconfig
---------------------------------------------------
+-------
nconfig is an alternate text-based configurator. It lists function
keys across the bottom of the terminal (window) that execute commands.
@@ -231,16 +260,16 @@ Searching in nconfig:
given string or regular expression (regex).
NCONFIG_MODE
---------------------------------------------------
+------------
This mode shows all sub-menus in one large tree.
-Example:
+Example::
make NCONFIG_MODE=single_menu nconfig
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
-======================================================================
xconfig
---------------------------------------------------
+-------
Searching in xconfig:
@@ -260,13 +289,12 @@ Searching in xconfig:
to return to the main menu.
-======================================================================
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
gconfig
---------------------------------------------------
+-------
Searching in gconfig:
There is no search command in gconfig. However, gconfig does
have several different viewing choices, modes, and options.
-
-###
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
similarity index 83%
rename from Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt
rename to Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
index d65ad5746f94..9274cdcc9bd2 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+======================
Linux Kernel Makefiles
+======================
This document describes the Linux kernel Makefiles.
-=== Table of Contents
+.. Table of Contents
=== 1 Overview
=== 2 Who does what
@@ -54,9 +56,10 @@ This document describes the Linux kernel Makefiles.
=== 10 Credits
=== 11 TODO
-=== 1 Overview
+1 Overview
+==========
-The Makefiles have five parts:
+The Makefiles have five parts::
Makefile the top Makefile.
.config the kernel configuration file.
@@ -85,7 +88,8 @@ scripts/Makefile.* contains all the definitions/rules etc. that
are used to build the kernel based on the kbuild makefiles.
-=== 2 Who does what
+2 Who does what
+===============
People have four different relationships with the kernel Makefiles.
@@ -110,7 +114,8 @@ These people need to know about all aspects of the kernel Makefiles.
This document is aimed towards normal developers and arch developers.
-=== 3 The kbuild files
+3 The kbuild files
+==================
Most Makefiles within the kernel are kbuild Makefiles that use the
kbuild infrastructure. This chapter introduces the syntax used in the
@@ -122,7 +127,8 @@ file will be used.
Section 3.1 "Goal definitions" is a quick intro, further chapters provide
more details, with real examples.
---- 3.1 Goal definitions
+3.1 Goal definitions
+--------------------
Goal definitions are the main part (heart) of the kbuild Makefile.
These lines define the files to be built, any special compilation
@@ -130,7 +136,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
The most simple kbuild makefile contains one line:
- Example:
+ Example::
+
obj-y += foo.o
This tells kbuild that there is one object in that directory, named
@@ -139,14 +146,16 @@ more details, with real examples.
If foo.o shall be built as a module, the variable obj-m is used.
Therefore the following pattern is often used:
- Example:
+ Example::
+
obj-$(CONFIG_FOO) += foo.o
$(CONFIG_FOO) evaluates to either y (for built-in) or m (for module).
If CONFIG_FOO is neither y nor m, then the file will not be compiled
nor linked.
---- 3.2 Built-in object goals - obj-y
+3.2 Built-in object goals - obj-y
+---------------------------------
The kbuild Makefile specifies object files for vmlinux
in the $(obj-y) lists. These lists depend on the kernel
@@ -167,14 +176,16 @@ more details, with real examples.
order may e.g. change the order in which your SCSI
controllers are detected, and thus your disks are renumbered.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
# Makefile for the kernel ISDN subsystem and device drivers.
# Each configuration option enables a list of files.
obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_I4L) += isdn.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) += isdn_bsdcomp.o
---- 3.3 Loadable module goals - obj-m
+3.3 Loadable module goals - obj-m
+---------------------------------
$(obj-m) specifies object files which are built as loadable
kernel modules.
@@ -183,7 +194,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
files. In the case of one source file, the kbuild makefile
simply adds the file to $(obj-m).
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) += isdn_bsdcomp.o
@@ -195,7 +207,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
module from, so you have to tell it by setting a $(<module_name>-y)
variable.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_I4L) += isdn.o
isdn-y := isdn_net_lib.o isdn_v110.o isdn_common.o
@@ -205,10 +218,11 @@ more details, with real examples.
"$(LD) -r" on the list of these files to generate isdn.o.
Due to kbuild recognizing $(<module_name>-y) for composite objects,
- you can use the value of a CONFIG_ symbol to optionally include an
+ you can use the value of a `CONFIG_` symbol to optionally include an
object file as part of a composite object.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#fs/ext2/Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2.o
ext2-y := balloc.o dir.o file.o ialloc.o inode.o ioctl.o \
@@ -225,12 +239,14 @@ more details, with real examples.
kbuild will build an ext2.o file for you out of the individual
parts and then link this into built-in.a, as you would expect.
---- 3.4 Objects which export symbols
+3.4 Objects which export symbols
+--------------------------------
No special notation is required in the makefiles for
modules exporting symbols.
---- 3.5 Library file goals - lib-y
+3.5 Library file goals - lib-y
+------------------------------
Objects listed with obj-* are used for modules, or
combined in a built-in.a for that specific directory.
@@ -247,18 +263,21 @@ more details, with real examples.
and to be part of a library. Therefore the same directory
may contain both a built-in.a and a lib.a file.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/lib/Makefile
lib-y := delay.o
This will create a library lib.a based on delay.o. For kbuild to
actually recognize that there is a lib.a being built, the directory
shall be listed in libs-y.
+
See also "6.4 List directories to visit when descending".
- Use of lib-y is normally restricted to lib/ and arch/*/lib.
+ Use of lib-y is normally restricted to `lib/` and `arch/*/lib`.
---- 3.6 Descending down in directories
+3.6 Descending down in directories
+----------------------------------
A Makefile is only responsible for building objects in its own
directory. Files in subdirectories should be taken care of by
@@ -270,7 +289,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
ext2 lives in a separate directory, and the Makefile present in fs/
tells kbuild to descend down using the following assignment.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#fs/Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2/
@@ -281,11 +301,12 @@ more details, with real examples.
the directory, it is the Makefile in the subdirectory that
specifies what is modular and what is built-in.
- It is good practice to use a CONFIG_ variable when assigning directory
+ It is good practice to use a `CONFIG_` variable when assigning directory
names. This allows kbuild to totally skip the directory if the
- corresponding CONFIG_ option is neither 'y' nor 'm'.
+ corresponding `CONFIG_` option is neither 'y' nor 'm'.
---- 3.7 Compilation flags
+3.7 Compilation flags
+---------------------
ccflags-y, asflags-y and ldflags-y
These three flags apply only to the kbuild makefile in which they
@@ -297,7 +318,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
ccflags-y specifies options for compiling with $(CC).
- Example:
+ Example::
+
# drivers/acpi/acpica/Makefile
ccflags-y := -Os -D_LINUX -DBUILDING_ACPICA
ccflags-$(CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG) += -DACPI_DEBUG_OUTPUT
@@ -308,13 +330,15 @@ more details, with real examples.
asflags-y specifies options for assembling with $(AS).
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile
asflags-y := -ansi
ldflags-y specifies options for linking with $(LD).
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/cris/boot/compressed/Makefile
ldflags-y += -T $(srctree)/$(src)/decompress_$(arch-y).lds
@@ -325,18 +349,19 @@ more details, with real examples.
Options specified using subdir-* are added to the commandline before
the options specified using the non-subdir variants.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
subdir-ccflags-y := -Werror
CFLAGS_$@, AFLAGS_$@
-
CFLAGS_$@ and AFLAGS_$@ only apply to commands in current
kbuild makefile.
$(CFLAGS_$@) specifies per-file options for $(CC). The $@
part has a literal value which specifies the file that it is for.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
# drivers/scsi/Makefile
CFLAGS_aha152x.o = -DAHA152X_STAT -DAUTOCONF
CFLAGS_gdth.o = # -DDEBUG_GDTH=2 -D__SERIAL__ -D__COM2__ \
@@ -347,24 +372,27 @@ more details, with real examples.
$(AFLAGS_$@) is a similar feature for source files in assembly
languages.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
# arch/arm/kernel/Makefile
AFLAGS_head.o := -DTEXT_OFFSET=$(TEXT_OFFSET)
AFLAGS_crunch-bits.o := -Wa,-mcpu=ep9312
AFLAGS_iwmmxt.o := -Wa,-mcpu=iwmmxt
---- 3.9 Dependency tracking
+3.9 Dependency tracking
+-----------------------
Kbuild tracks dependencies on the following:
- 1) All prerequisite files (both *.c and *.h)
- 2) CONFIG_ options used in all prerequisite files
+ 1) All prerequisite files (both `*.c` and `*.h`)
+ 2) `CONFIG_` options used in all prerequisite files
3) Command-line used to compile target
Thus, if you change an option to $(CC) all affected files will
be re-compiled.
---- 3.10 Special Rules
+3.10 Special Rules
+------------------
Special rules are used when the kbuild infrastructure does
not provide the required support. A typical example is
@@ -379,43 +407,47 @@ more details, with real examples.
Two variables are used when defining special rules:
- $(src)
- $(src) is a relative path which points to the directory
- where the Makefile is located. Always use $(src) when
- referring to files located in the src tree.
+ $(src)
+ $(src) is a relative path which points to the directory
+ where the Makefile is located. Always use $(src) when
+ referring to files located in the src tree.
- $(obj)
- $(obj) is a relative path which points to the directory
- where the target is saved. Always use $(obj) when
- referring to generated files.
+ $(obj)
+ $(obj) is a relative path which points to the directory
+ where the target is saved. Always use $(obj) when
+ referring to generated files.
+
+ Example::
- Example:
#drivers/scsi/Makefile
$(obj)/53c8xx_d.h: $(src)/53c7,8xx.scr $(src)/script_asm.pl
$(CPP) -DCHIP=810 - < $< | ... $(src)/script_asm.pl
- This is a special rule, following the normal syntax
- required by make.
- The target file depends on two prerequisite files. References
- to the target file are prefixed with $(obj), references
- to prerequisites are referenced with $(src) (because they are not
- generated files).
-
- $(kecho)
- echoing information to user in a rule is often a good practice
- but when execution "make -s" one does not expect to see any output
- except for warnings/errors.
- To support this kbuild defines $(kecho) which will echo out the
- text following $(kecho) to stdout except if "make -s" is used.
-
- Example:
+ This is a special rule, following the normal syntax
+ required by make.
+
+ The target file depends on two prerequisite files. References
+ to the target file are prefixed with $(obj), references
+ to prerequisites are referenced with $(src) (because they are not
+ generated files).
+
+ $(kecho)
+ echoing information to user in a rule is often a good practice
+ but when execution "make -s" one does not expect to see any output
+ except for warnings/errors.
+ To support this kbuild defines $(kecho) which will echo out the
+ text following $(kecho) to stdout except if "make -s" is used.
+
+ Example::
+
#arch/blackfin/boot/Makefile
$(obj)/vmImage: $(obj)/vmlinux.gz
$(call if_changed,uimage)
@$(kecho) 'Kernel: $@ is ready'
---- 3.11 $(CC) support functions
+3.11 $(CC) support functions
+----------------------------
The kernel may be built with several different versions of
$(CC), each supporting a unique set of features and options.
@@ -425,10 +457,11 @@ more details, with real examples.
as-option
as-option is used to check if $(CC) -- when used to compile
- assembler (*.S) files -- supports the given option. An optional
+ assembler (`*.S`) files -- supports the given option. An optional
second option may be specified if the first option is not supported.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/sh/Makefile
cflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y),)
@@ -437,6 +470,21 @@ more details, with real examples.
The second argument is optional, and if supplied will be used
if first argument is not supported.
+ cc-ldoption
+ cc-ldoption is used to check if $(CC) when used to link object files
+ supports the given option. An optional second option may be
+ specified if first option are not supported.
+
+ Example::
+
+ #arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+ vsyscall-flags += $(call cc-ldoption, -Wl$(comma)--hash-style=sysv)
+
+ In the above example, vsyscall-flags will be assigned the option
+ -Wl$(comma)--hash-style=sysv if it is supported by $(CC).
+ The second argument is optional, and if supplied will be used
+ if first argument is not supported.
+
as-instr
as-instr checks if the assembler reports a specific instruction
and then outputs either option1 or option2
@@ -447,7 +495,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
cc-option is used to check if $(CC) supports a given option, and if
not supported to use an optional second option.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/Makefile
cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-march=pentium-mmx,-march=i586)
@@ -461,7 +510,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
cc-option-yn is used to check if gcc supports a given option
and return 'y' if supported, otherwise 'n'.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/ppc/Makefile
biarch := $(call cc-option-yn, -m32)
aflags-$(biarch) += -a32
@@ -479,7 +529,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
because gcc 4.4 and later accept any unknown -Wno-* option and only
warn about it if there is another warning in the source file.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, unused-but-set-variable)
In the above example, -Wno-unused-but-set-variable will be added to
@@ -490,7 +541,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
if version expression is true, or the fifth (if given) if the version
expression is false.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#fs/reiserfs/Makefile
ccflags-y := $(call cc-ifversion, -lt, 0402, -O1)
@@ -515,7 +567,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
build (host arch is different from target arch). And if CROSS_COMPILE
is already set then leave it with the old value.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/m68k/Makefile
ifneq ($(SUBARCH),$(ARCH))
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE),)
@@ -523,7 +576,8 @@ more details, with real examples.
endif
endif
---- 3.12 $(LD) support functions
+3.12 $(LD) support functions
+----------------------------
ld-option
ld-option is used to check if $(LD) supports the supplied option.
@@ -531,12 +585,14 @@ more details, with real examples.
The second argument is an optional option that can be used if the
first option is not supported by $(LD).
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#Makefile
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(call ld-option, -X)
-=== 4 Host Program support
+4 Host Program support
+======================
Kbuild supports building executables on the host for use during the
compilation stage.
@@ -550,21 +606,24 @@ This can be done in two ways. Either add the dependency in a rule,
or utilise the variable $(always).
Both possibilities are described in the following.
---- 4.1 Simple Host Program
+4.1 Simple Host Program
+-----------------------
In some cases there is a need to compile and run a program on the
computer where the build is running.
The following line tells kbuild that the program bin2hex shall be
built on the build host.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
hostprogs-y := bin2hex
Kbuild assumes in the above example that bin2hex is made from a single
c-source file named bin2hex.c located in the same directory as
the Makefile.
---- 4.2 Composite Host Programs
+4.2 Composite Host Programs
+---------------------------
Host programs can be made up based on composite objects.
The syntax used to define composite objects for host programs is
@@ -572,7 +631,8 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
$(<executable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
executable.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
hostprogs-y := lxdialog
lxdialog-objs := checklist.o lxdialog.o
@@ -580,16 +640,19 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
Objects with extension .o are compiled from the corresponding .c
files. In the above example, checklist.c is compiled to checklist.o
and lxdialog.c is compiled to lxdialog.o.
+
Finally, the two .o files are linked to the executable, lxdialog.
Note: The syntax <executable>-y is not permitted for host-programs.
---- 4.3 Using C++ for host programs
+4.3 Using C++ for host programs
+-------------------------------
kbuild offers support for host programs written in C++. This was
introduced solely to support kconfig, and is not recommended
for general use.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#scripts/kconfig/Makefile
hostprogs-y := qconf
qconf-cxxobjs := qconf.o
@@ -600,13 +663,15 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
If qconf is composed of a mixture of .c and .cc files, then an
additional line can be used to identify this.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#scripts/kconfig/Makefile
hostprogs-y := qconf
qconf-cxxobjs := qconf.o
qconf-objs := check.o
---- 4.4 Controlling compiler options for host programs
+4.4 Controlling compiler options for host programs
+--------------------------------------------------
When compiling host programs, it is possible to set specific flags.
The programs will always be compiled utilising $(HOSTCC) passed
@@ -614,27 +679,31 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
To set flags that will take effect for all host programs created
in that Makefile, use the variable HOST_EXTRACFLAGS.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I/usr/include/ncurses
To set specific flags for a single file the following construction
is used:
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/ppc64/boot/Makefile
HOSTCFLAGS_piggyback.o := -DKERNELBASE=$(KERNELBASE)
It is also possible to specify additional options to the linker.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#scripts/kconfig/Makefile
HOSTLDLIBS_qconf := -L$(QTDIR)/lib
When linking qconf, it will be passed the extra option
"-L$(QTDIR)/lib".
---- 4.5 When host programs are actually built
+4.5 When host programs are actually built
+-----------------------------------------
Kbuild will only build host-programs when they are referenced
as a prerequisite.
@@ -642,7 +711,8 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
(1) List the prerequisite explicitly in a special rule.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#drivers/pci/Makefile
hostprogs-y := gen-devlist
$(obj)/devlist.h: $(src)/pci.ids $(obj)/gen-devlist
@@ -653,11 +723,13 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
the host programs in special rules must be prefixed with $(obj).
(2) Use $(always)
+
When there is no suitable special rule, and the host program
shall be built when a makefile is entered, the $(always)
variable shall be used.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
hostprogs-y := lxdialog
always := $(hostprogs-y)
@@ -665,11 +737,13 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
This will tell kbuild to build lxdialog even if not referenced in
any rule.
---- 4.6 Using hostprogs-$(CONFIG_FOO)
+4.6 Using hostprogs-$(CONFIG_FOO)
+---------------------------------
A typical pattern in a Kbuild file looks like this:
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#scripts/Makefile
hostprogs-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS) += kallsyms
@@ -679,7 +753,8 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
like hostprogs-y. But only hostprogs-y is recommended to be used
when no CONFIG symbols are involved.
-=== 5 Kbuild clean infrastructure
+5 Kbuild clean infrastructure
+=============================
"make clean" deletes most generated files in the obj tree where the kernel
is compiled. This includes generated files such as host programs.
@@ -691,7 +766,8 @@ generated by kbuild are deleted all over the kernel src tree when
Additional files can be specified in kbuild makefiles by use of $(clean-files).
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#lib/Makefile
clean-files := crc32table.h
@@ -701,7 +777,8 @@ Makefile, except if prefixed with $(objtree).
To delete a directory hierarchy use:
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#scripts/package/Makefile
clean-dirs := $(objtree)/debian/
@@ -711,7 +788,8 @@ subdirectories.
To exclude certain files from make clean, use the $(no-clean-files) variable.
This is only a special case used in the top level Kbuild file:
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#Kbuild
no-clean-files := $(bounds-file) $(offsets-file)
@@ -719,7 +797,8 @@ Usually kbuild descends down in subdirectories due to "obj-* := dir/",
but in the architecture makefiles where the kbuild infrastructure
is not sufficient this sometimes needs to be explicit.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/boot/Makefile
subdir- := compressed/
@@ -729,7 +808,8 @@ directory compressed/ when "make clean" is executed.
To support the clean infrastructure in the Makefiles that build the
final bootimage there is an optional target named archclean:
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/Makefile
archclean:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=arch/x86/boot
@@ -745,7 +825,8 @@ is not operational at that point.
Note 2: All directories listed in core-y, libs-y, drivers-y and net-y will
be visited during "make clean".
-=== 6 Architecture Makefiles
+6 Architecture Makefiles
+========================
The top level Makefile sets up the environment and does the preparation,
before starting to descend down in the individual directories.
@@ -756,6 +837,7 @@ To do so, arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile sets up a number of variables and defines
a few targets.
When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
+
1) Configuration of the kernel => produce .config
2) Store kernel version in include/linux/version.h
3) Updating all other prerequisites to the target prepare:
@@ -773,37 +855,45 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
- Preparing initrd images and the like
---- 6.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
+6.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
+--------------------------------------------------------
- LDFLAGS Generic $(LD) options
+ LDFLAGS
+ Generic $(LD) options
Flags used for all invocations of the linker.
Often specifying the emulation is sufficient.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/s390/Makefile
LDFLAGS := -m elf_s390
+
Note: ldflags-y can be used to further customise
the flags used. See chapter 3.7.
- LDFLAGS_vmlinux Options for $(LD) when linking vmlinux
+ LDFLAGS_vmlinux
+ Options for $(LD) when linking vmlinux
LDFLAGS_vmlinux is used to specify additional flags to pass to
the linker when linking the final vmlinux image.
LDFLAGS_vmlinux uses the LDFLAGS_$@ support.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/Makefile
LDFLAGS_vmlinux := -e stext
- OBJCOPYFLAGS objcopy flags
+ OBJCOPYFLAGS
+ objcopy flags
When $(call if_changed,objcopy) is used to translate a .o file,
the flags specified in OBJCOPYFLAGS will be used.
$(call if_changed,objcopy) is often used to generate raw binaries on
vmlinux.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/s390/Makefile
OBJCOPYFLAGS := -O binary
@@ -814,30 +904,34 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
In this example, the binary $(obj)/image is a binary version of
vmlinux. The usage of $(call if_changed,xxx) will be described later.
- KBUILD_AFLAGS $(AS) assembler flags
+ KBUILD_AFLAGS
+ $(AS) assembler flags
Default value - see top level Makefile
Append or modify as required per architecture.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/sparc64/Makefile
KBUILD_AFLAGS += -m64 -mcpu=ultrasparc
- KBUILD_CFLAGS $(CC) compiler flags
+ KBUILD_CFLAGS
+ $(CC) compiler flags
Default value - see top level Makefile
Append or modify as required per architecture.
Often, the KBUILD_CFLAGS variable depends on the configuration.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
cflags-$(CONFIG_X86_32) := -march=i386
cflags-$(CONFIG_X86_64) := -mcmodel=small
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(cflags-y)
Many arch Makefiles dynamically run the target C compiler to
- probe supported options:
+ probe supported options::
#arch/x86/Makefile
@@ -853,32 +947,39 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
The first example utilises the trick that a config option expands
to 'y' when selected.
- KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL $(AS) options specific for built-in
+ KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL
+ $(AS) options specific for built-in
$(KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile
resident kernel code.
- KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE Options for $(AS) when building modules
+ KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE
+ Options for $(AS) when building modules
$(KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options that
are used for $(AS).
+
From commandline AFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.txt).
- KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL $(CC) options specific for built-in
+ KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL
+ $(CC) options specific for built-in
$(KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile
resident kernel code.
- KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE Options for $(CC) when building modules
+ KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE
+ Options for $(CC) when building modules
$(KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options that
are used for $(CC).
From commandline CFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.txt).
- KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE Options for $(LD) when linking modules
+ KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE
+ Options for $(LD) when linking modules
$(KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options
used when linking modules. This is often a linker script.
+
From commandline LDFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.txt).
KBUILD_ARFLAGS Options for $(AR) when creating archives
@@ -894,7 +995,8 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
means for an architecture to override the defaults.
---- 6.2 Add prerequisites to archheaders:
+6.2 Add prerequisites to archheaders
+------------------------------------
The archheaders: rule is used to generate header files that
may be installed into user space by "make header_install" or
@@ -907,13 +1009,15 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
architecture itself.
---- 6.3 Add prerequisites to archprepare:
+6.3 Add prerequisites to archprepare
+------------------------------------
The archprepare: rule is used to list prerequisites that need to be
built before starting to descend down in the subdirectories.
This is usually used for header files containing assembler constants.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/arm/Makefile
archprepare: maketools
@@ -923,7 +1027,8 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
generating offset header files.
---- 6.4 List directories to visit when descending
+6.4 List directories to visit when descending
+---------------------------------------------
An arch Makefile cooperates with the top Makefile to define variables
which specify how to build the vmlinux file. Note that there is no
@@ -931,28 +1036,34 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
machinery is all architecture-independent.
- head-y, init-y, core-y, libs-y, drivers-y, net-y
+ head-y, init-y, core-y, libs-y, drivers-y, net-y
+ $(head-y) lists objects to be linked first in vmlinux.
- $(head-y) lists objects to be linked first in vmlinux.
- $(libs-y) lists directories where a lib.a archive can be located.
- The rest list directories where a built-in.a object file can be
- located.
+ $(libs-y) lists directories where a lib.a archive can be located.
- $(init-y) objects will be located after $(head-y).
- Then the rest follows in this order:
- $(core-y), $(libs-y), $(drivers-y) and $(net-y).
+ The rest list directories where a built-in.a object file can be
+ located.
- The top level Makefile defines values for all generic directories,
- and arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile only adds architecture-specific directories.
+ $(init-y) objects will be located after $(head-y).
+
+ Then the rest follows in this order:
+
+ $(core-y), $(libs-y), $(drivers-y) and $(net-y).
+
+ The top level Makefile defines values for all generic directories,
+ and arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile only adds architecture-specific
+ directories.
+
+ Example::
- Example:
#arch/sparc64/Makefile
core-y += arch/sparc64/kernel/
libs-y += arch/sparc64/prom/ arch/sparc64/lib/
drivers-$(CONFIG_OPROFILE) += arch/sparc64/oprofile/
---- 6.5 Architecture-specific boot images
+6.5 Architecture-specific boot images
+-------------------------------------
An arch Makefile specifies goals that take the vmlinux file, compress
it, wrap it in bootstrapping code, and copy the resulting files
@@ -970,7 +1081,8 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile, and use the full path when calling down
into the arch/$(ARCH)/boot/Makefile.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/Makefile
boot := arch/x86/boot
bzImage: vmlinux
@@ -983,7 +1095,8 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
but executing "make help" will list all relevant targets.
To support this, $(archhelp) must be defined.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/Makefile
define archhelp
echo '* bzImage - Image (arch/$(ARCH)/boot/bzImage)'
@@ -997,25 +1110,30 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
Add a new prerequisite to all: to select a default goal different
from vmlinux.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/Makefile
all: bzImage
When "make" is executed without arguments, bzImage will be built.
---- 6.6 Building non-kbuild targets
+6.6 Building non-kbuild targets
+-------------------------------
extra-y
-
extra-y specifies additional targets created in the current
- directory, in addition to any targets specified by obj-*.
+ directory, in addition to any targets specified by `obj-*`.
Listing all targets in extra-y is required for two purposes:
+
1) Enable kbuild to check changes in command lines
+
- When $(call if_changed,xxx) is used
+
2) kbuild knows what files to delete during "make clean"
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
extra-y := head.o init_task.o
@@ -1023,16 +1141,17 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
shall be built, but shall not be linked as part of built-in.a.
---- 6.7 Commands useful for building a boot image
+6.7 Commands useful for building a boot image
+---------------------------------------------
- Kbuild provides a few macros that are useful when building a
- boot image.
+ Kbuild provides a few macros that are useful when building a
+ boot image.
if_changed
-
if_changed is the infrastructure used for the following commands.
- Usage:
+ Usage::
+
target: source(s) FORCE
$(call if_changed,ld/objcopy/gzip/...)
@@ -1050,12 +1169,16 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
Note: It is a typical mistake to forget the FORCE prerequisite.
Another common pitfall is that whitespace is sometimes
significant; for instance, the below will fail (note the extra space
- after the comma):
+ after the comma)::
+
target: source(s) FORCE
- #WRONG!# $(call if_changed, ld/objcopy/gzip/...)
- Note: if_changed should not be used more than once per target.
+ **WRONG!** $(call if_changed, ld/objcopy/gzip/...)
+
+ Note:
+ if_changed should not be used more than once per target.
It stores the executed command in a corresponding .cmd
+
file and multiple calls would result in overwrites and
unwanted results when the target is up to date and only the
tests on changed commands trigger execution of commands.
@@ -1063,7 +1186,8 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
ld
Link target. Often, LDFLAGS_$@ is used to set specific options to ld.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/boot/Makefile
LDFLAGS_bootsect := -Ttext 0x0 -s --oformat binary
LDFLAGS_setup := -Ttext 0x0 -s --oformat binary -e begtext
@@ -1077,12 +1201,15 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
LDFLAGS_$@ syntax - one for each potential target.
$(targets) are assigned all potential targets, by which kbuild knows
the targets and will:
+
1) check for commandline changes
2) delete target during make clean
The ": %: %.o" part of the prerequisite is a shorthand that
frees us from listing the setup.o and bootsect.o files.
- Note: It is a common mistake to forget the "targets :=" assignment,
+
+ Note:
+ It is a common mistake to forget the "targets :=" assignment,
resulting in the target file being recompiled for no
obvious reason.
@@ -1094,7 +1221,8 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
gzip
Compress target. Use maximum compression to compress target.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
$(obj)/vmlinux.bin.gz: $(vmlinux.bin.all-y) FORCE
$(call if_changed,gzip)
@@ -1105,26 +1233,30 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
in an init section in the image. Platform code *must* copy the
blob to non-init memory prior to calling unflatten_device_tree().
- To use this command, simply add *.dtb into obj-y or targets, or make
- some other target depend on %.dtb
+ To use this command, simply add `*.dtb` into obj-y or targets, or make
+ some other target depend on `%.dtb`
- A central rule exists to create $(obj)/%.dtb from $(src)/%.dts;
+ A central rule exists to create `$(obj)/%.dtb` from `$(src)/%.dts`;
architecture Makefiles do no need to explicitly write out that rule.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
targets += $(dtb-y)
DTC_FLAGS ?= -p 1024
---- 6.8 Custom kbuild commands
+6.8 Custom kbuild commands
+--------------------------
When kbuild is executing with KBUILD_VERBOSE=0, then only a shorthand
of a command is normally displayed.
To enable this behaviour for custom commands kbuild requires
- two variables to be set:
- quiet_cmd_<command> - what shall be echoed
- cmd_<command> - the command to execute
+ two variables to be set::
+
+ quiet_cmd_<command> - what shall be echoed
+ cmd_<command> - the command to execute
+
+ Example::
- Example:
#
quiet_cmd_image = BUILD $@
cmd_image = $(obj)/tools/build $(BUILDFLAGS) \
@@ -1135,9 +1267,9 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
$(call if_changed,image)
@echo 'Kernel: $@ is ready'
- When updating the $(obj)/bzImage target, the line
+ When updating the $(obj)/bzImage target, the line:
- BUILD arch/x86/boot/bzImage
+ BUILD arch/x86/boot/bzImage
will be displayed with "make KBUILD_VERBOSE=0".
@@ -1148,9 +1280,10 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
arch/$(ARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds is used.
The script is a preprocessed variant of the file vmlinux.lds.S
located in the same directory.
- kbuild knows .lds files and includes a rule *lds.S -> *lds.
+ kbuild knows .lds files and includes a rule `*lds.S` -> `*lds`.
+
+ Example::
- Example:
#arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
always := vmlinux.lds
@@ -1162,17 +1295,19 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
The assignment to $(CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds) tells kbuild to use the
specified options when building the target vmlinux.lds.
- When building the *.lds target, kbuild uses the variables:
- KBUILD_CPPFLAGS : Set in top-level Makefile
- cppflags-y : May be set in the kbuild makefile
- CPPFLAGS_$(@F) : Target-specific flags.
- Note that the full filename is used in this
- assignment.
+ When building the `*.lds` target, kbuild uses the variables::
- The kbuild infrastructure for *lds files is used in several
+ KBUILD_CPPFLAGS : Set in top-level Makefile
+ cppflags-y : May be set in the kbuild makefile
+ CPPFLAGS_$(@F) : Target-specific flags.
+ Note that the full filename is used in this
+ assignment.
+
+ The kbuild infrastructure for `*lds` files is used in several
architecture-specific files.
---- 6.10 Generic header files
+6.10 Generic header files
+-------------------------
The directory include/asm-generic contains the header files
that may be shared between individual architectures.
@@ -1180,7 +1315,8 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
to list the file in the Kbuild file.
See "7.2 generic-y" for further info on syntax etc.
---- 6.11 Post-link pass
+6.11 Post-link pass
+-------------------
If the file arch/xxx/Makefile.postlink exists, this makefile
will be invoked for post-link objects (vmlinux and modules.ko)
@@ -1195,15 +1331,17 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
For example, powerpc uses this to check relocation sanity of
the linked vmlinux file.
-=== 7 Kbuild syntax for exported headers
+7 Kbuild syntax for exported headers
+------------------------------------
The kernel includes a set of headers that is exported to userspace.
Many headers can be exported as-is but other headers require a
minimal pre-processing before they are ready for user-space.
The pre-processing does:
+
- drop kernel-specific annotations
- drop include of compiler.h
-- drop all sections that are kernel internal (guarded by ifdef __KERNEL__)
+- drop all sections that are kernel internal (guarded by `ifdef __KERNEL__`)
All headers under include/uapi/, include/generated/uapi/,
arch/<arch>/include/uapi/ and arch/<arch>/include/generated/uapi/
@@ -1213,40 +1351,45 @@ A Kbuild file may be defined under arch/<arch>/include/uapi/asm/ and
arch/<arch>/include/asm/ to list asm files coming from asm-generic.
See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file.
---- 7.1 no-export-headers
+7.1 no-export-headers
+---------------------
no-export-headers is essentially used by include/uapi/linux/Kbuild to
avoid exporting specific headers (e.g. kvm.h) on architectures that do
not support it. It should be avoided as much as possible.
---- 7.2 generic-y
+7.2 generic-y
+-------------
If an architecture uses a verbatim copy of a header from
include/asm-generic then this is listed in the file
arch/$(ARCH)/include/asm/Kbuild like this:
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/include/asm/Kbuild
generic-y += termios.h
generic-y += rtc.h
During the prepare phase of the build a wrapper include
- file is generated in the directory:
+ file is generated in the directory::
arch/$(ARCH)/include/generated/asm
When a header is exported where the architecture uses
the generic header a similar wrapper is generated as part
- of the set of exported headers in the directory:
+ of the set of exported headers in the directory::
usr/include/asm
The generated wrapper will in both cases look like the following:
- Example: termios.h
+ Example: termios.h::
+
#include <asm-generic/termios.h>
---- 7.3 generated-y
+7.3 generated-y
+---------------
If an architecture generates other header files alongside generic-y
wrappers, generated-y specifies them.
@@ -1254,11 +1397,13 @@ See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file.
This prevents them being treated as stale asm-generic wrappers and
removed.
- Example:
+ Example::
+
#arch/x86/include/asm/Kbuild
generated-y += syscalls_32.h
---- 7.4 mandatory-y
+7.4 mandatory-y
+---------------
mandatory-y is essentially used by include/(uapi/)asm-generic/Kbuild
to define the minimum set of ASM headers that all architectures must have.
@@ -1270,12 +1415,12 @@ See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file.
The convention is to list one subdir per line and
preferably in alphabetic order.
-=== 8 Kbuild Variables
+8 Kbuild Variables
+==================
The top Makefile exports the following variables:
VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, SUBLEVEL, EXTRAVERSION
-
These variables define the current kernel version. A few arch
Makefiles actually use these values directly; they should use
$(KERNELRELEASE) instead.
@@ -1289,32 +1434,28 @@ The top Makefile exports the following variables:
such as "-pre4", and is often blank.
KERNELRELEASE
-
$(KERNELRELEASE) is a single string such as "2.4.0-pre4", suitable
for constructing installation directory names or showing in
version strings. Some arch Makefiles use it for this purpose.
ARCH
-
This variable defines the target architecture, such as "i386",
"arm", or "sparc". Some kbuild Makefiles test $(ARCH) to
determine which files to compile.
By default, the top Makefile sets $(ARCH) to be the same as the
host system architecture. For a cross build, a user may
- override the value of $(ARCH) on the command line:
+ override the value of $(ARCH) on the command line::
make ARCH=m68k ...
INSTALL_PATH
-
This variable defines a place for the arch Makefiles to install
the resident kernel image and System.map file.
Use this for architecture-specific install targets.
INSTALL_MOD_PATH, MODLIB
-
$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH) specifies a prefix to $(MODLIB) for module
installation. This variable is not defined in the Makefile but
may be passed in by the user if desired.
@@ -1325,7 +1466,6 @@ The top Makefile exports the following variables:
override this value on the command line if desired.
INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
-
If this variable is specified, it will cause modules to be stripped
after they are installed. If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then the
default option --strip-debug will be used. Otherwise, the
@@ -1333,7 +1473,8 @@ The top Makefile exports the following variables:
command.
-=== 9 Makefile language
+9 Makefile language
+===================
The kernel Makefiles are designed to be run with GNU Make. The Makefiles
use only the documented features of GNU Make, but they do use many
@@ -1352,18 +1493,17 @@ time the left-hand side is used.
There are some cases where "=" is appropriate. Usually, though, ":="
is the right choice.
-=== 10 Credits
+10 Credits
+==========
-Original version made by Michael Elizabeth Chastain, <mailto:mec@shout.net>
-Updates by Kai Germaschewski <kai@tp1.ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
-Updates by Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
-Language QA by Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
+- Original version made by Michael Elizabeth Chastain, <mailto:mec@shout.net>
+- Updates by Kai Germaschewski <kai@tp1.ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
+- Updates by Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
+- Language QA by Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
-=== 11 TODO
+11 TODO
+=======
- Describe how kbuild supports shipped files with _shipped.
- Generating offset header files.
- Add more variables to section 7?
-
-
-
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst
similarity index 84%
rename from Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt
rename to Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst
index 80295c613e37..24e763482650 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+=========================
Building External Modules
+=========================
This document describes how to build an out-of-tree kernel module.
-=== Table of Contents
+.. Table of Contents
=== 1 Introduction
=== 2 How to Build External Modules
@@ -31,7 +33,8 @@ This document describes how to build an out-of-tree kernel module.
-=== 1. Introduction
+1. Introduction
+===============
"kbuild" is the build system used by the Linux kernel. Modules must use
kbuild to stay compatible with changes in the build infrastructure and
@@ -48,7 +51,8 @@ easily accomplished, and a complete example will be presented in
section 3.
-=== 2. How to Build External Modules
+2. How to Build External Modules
+================================
To build external modules, you must have a prebuilt kernel available
that contains the configuration and header files used in the build.
@@ -65,25 +69,27 @@ NOTE: "modules_prepare" will not build Module.symvers even if
CONFIG_MODVERSIONS is set; therefore, a full kernel build needs to be
executed to make module versioning work.
---- 2.1 Command Syntax
+2.1 Command Syntax
+==================
- The command to build an external module is:
+ The command to build an external module is::
$ make -C <path_to_kernel_src> M=$PWD
The kbuild system knows that an external module is being built
due to the "M=<dir>" option given in the command.
- To build against the running kernel use:
+ To build against the running kernel use::
$ make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=$PWD
Then to install the module(s) just built, add the target
- "modules_install" to the command:
+ "modules_install" to the command::
$ make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=$PWD modules_install
---- 2.2 Options
+2.2 Options
+===========
($KDIR refers to the path of the kernel source directory.)
@@ -100,7 +106,8 @@ executed to make module versioning work.
directory where the external module (kbuild file) is
located.
---- 2.3 Targets
+2.3 Targets
+===========
When building an external module, only a subset of the "make"
targets are available.
@@ -130,26 +137,29 @@ executed to make module versioning work.
help
List the available targets for external modules.
---- 2.4 Building Separate Files
+2.4 Building Separate Files
+===========================
It is possible to build single files that are part of a module.
This works equally well for the kernel, a module, and even for
external modules.
- Example (The module foo.ko, consist of bar.o and baz.o):
+ Example (The module foo.ko, consist of bar.o and baz.o)::
+
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD bar.lst
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD baz.o
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD foo.ko
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD ./
-=== 3. Creating a Kbuild File for an External Module
+3. Creating a Kbuild File for an External Module
+================================================
In the last section we saw the command to build a module for the
running kernel. The module is not actually built, however, because a
build file is required. Contained in this file will be the name of
the module(s) being built, along with the list of requisite source
-files. The file may be as simple as a single line:
+files. The file may be as simple as a single line::
obj-m := <module_name>.o
@@ -157,15 +167,15 @@ The kbuild system will build <module_name>.o from <module_name>.c,
and, after linking, will result in the kernel module <module_name>.ko.
The above line can be put in either a "Kbuild" file or a "Makefile."
When the module is built from multiple sources, an additional line is
-needed listing the files:
+needed listing the files::
<module_name>-y := <src1>.o <src2>.o ...
NOTE: Further documentation describing the syntax used by kbuild is
-located in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt.
+located in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst.
The examples below demonstrate how to create a build file for the
-module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
+module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files::
8123_if.c
8123_if.h
@@ -181,7 +191,8 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
but should be filtered out from kbuild due to possible name
clashes.
- Example 1:
+ Example 1::
+
--> filename: Makefile
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
# kbuild part of makefile
@@ -209,14 +220,16 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
line; the second pass is by the kbuild system, which is
initiated by the parameterized "make" in the default target.
---- 3.2 Separate Kbuild File and Makefile
+3.2 Separate Kbuild File and Makefile
+-------------------------------------
In newer versions of the kernel, kbuild will first look for a
file named "Kbuild," and only if that is not found, will it
then look for a makefile. Utilizing a "Kbuild" file allows us
to split up the makefile from example 1 into two files:
- Example 2:
+ Example 2::
+
--> filename: Kbuild
obj-m := 8123.o
8123-y := 8123_if.o 8123_pci.o 8123_bin.o
@@ -238,7 +251,8 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
The next example shows a backward compatible version.
- Example 3:
+ Example 3::
+
--> filename: Kbuild
obj-m := 8123.o
8123-y := 8123_if.o 8123_pci.o 8123_bin.o
@@ -266,7 +280,8 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
makefiles, to be used when the "make" and kbuild parts are
split into separate files.
---- 3.3 Binary Blobs
+3.3 Binary Blobs
+----------------
Some external modules need to include an object file as a blob.
kbuild has support for this, but requires the blob file to be
@@ -277,7 +292,7 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
Throughout this section, 8123_bin.o_shipped has been used to
build the kernel module 8123.ko; it has been included as
- 8123_bin.o.
+ 8123_bin.o::
8123-y := 8123_if.o 8123_pci.o 8123_bin.o
@@ -285,11 +300,12 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
files and the binary file, kbuild will pick up different rules
when creating the object file for the module.
---- 3.4 Building Multiple Modules
+3.4 Building Multiple Modules
+=============================
kbuild supports building multiple modules with a single build
file. For example, if you wanted to build two modules, foo.ko
- and bar.ko, the kbuild lines would be:
+ and bar.ko, the kbuild lines would be::
obj-m := foo.o bar.o
foo-y := <foo_srcs>
@@ -298,7 +314,8 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
It is that simple!
-=== 4. Include Files
+4. Include Files
+================
Within the kernel, header files are kept in standard locations
according to the following rule:
@@ -310,22 +327,25 @@ according to the following rule:
of the kernel that are located in different directories, then
the file is placed in include/linux/.
- NOTE: There are two notable exceptions to this rule: larger
- subsystems have their own directory under include/, such as
- include/scsi; and architecture specific headers are located
- under arch/$(ARCH)/include/.
+ NOTE:
+ There are two notable exceptions to this rule: larger
+ subsystems have their own directory under include/, such as
+ include/scsi; and architecture specific headers are located
+ under arch/$(ARCH)/include/.
---- 4.1 Kernel Includes
+4.1 Kernel Includes
+-------------------
To include a header file located under include/linux/, simply
- use:
+ use::
#include <linux/module.h>
kbuild will add options to "gcc" so the relevant directories
are searched.
---- 4.2 Single Subdirectory
+4.2 Single Subdirectory
+-----------------------
External modules tend to place header files in a separate
include/ directory where their source is located, although this
@@ -334,7 +354,7 @@ according to the following rule:
Using the example from section 3, if we moved 8123_if.h to a
subdirectory named include, the resulting kbuild file would
- look like:
+ look like::
--> filename: Kbuild
obj-m := 8123.o
@@ -346,23 +366,24 @@ according to the following rule:
the path. This is a limitation of kbuild: there must be no
space present.
---- 4.3 Several Subdirectories
+4.3 Several Subdirectories
+--------------------------
kbuild can handle files that are spread over several directories.
- Consider the following example:
+ Consider the following example::
- .
- |__ src
- | |__ complex_main.c
- | |__ hal
- | |__ hardwareif.c
- | |__ include
- | |__ hardwareif.h
- |__ include
- |__ complex.h
+ .
+ |__ src
+ | |__ complex_main.c
+ | |__ hal
+ | |__ hardwareif.c
+ | |__ include
+ | |__ hardwareif.h
+ |__ include
+ |__ complex.h
To build the module complex.ko, we then need the following
- kbuild file:
+ kbuild file::
--> filename: Kbuild
obj-m := complex.o
@@ -385,7 +406,8 @@ according to the following rule:
file is located.
-=== 5. Module Installation
+5. Module Installation
+======================
Modules which are included in the kernel are installed in the
directory:
@@ -396,11 +418,12 @@ And external modules are installed in:
/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/extra/
---- 5.1 INSTALL_MOD_PATH
+5.1 INSTALL_MOD_PATH
+--------------------
Above are the default directories but as always some level of
customization is possible. A prefix can be added to the
- installation path using the variable INSTALL_MOD_PATH:
+ installation path using the variable INSTALL_MOD_PATH::
$ make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/frodo modules_install
=> Install dir: /frodo/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/kernel/
@@ -410,20 +433,22 @@ And external modules are installed in:
calling "make." This has effect when installing both in-tree
and out-of-tree modules.
---- 5.2 INSTALL_MOD_DIR
+5.2 INSTALL_MOD_DIR
+-------------------
External modules are by default installed to a directory under
/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/extra/, but you may wish to
locate modules for a specific functionality in a separate
directory. For this purpose, use INSTALL_MOD_DIR to specify an
- alternative name to "extra."
+ alternative name to "extra."::
$ make INSTALL_MOD_DIR=gandalf -C $KDIR \
M=$PWD modules_install
=> Install dir: /lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/gandalf/
-=== 6. Module Versioning
+6. Module Versioning
+====================
Module versioning is enabled by the CONFIG_MODVERSIONS tag, and is used
as a simple ABI consistency check. A CRC value of the full prototype
@@ -435,14 +460,16 @@ module.
Module.symvers contains a list of all exported symbols from a kernel
build.
---- 6.1 Symbols From the Kernel (vmlinux + modules)
+6.1 Symbols From the Kernel (vmlinux + modules)
+-----------------------------------------------
During a kernel build, a file named Module.symvers will be
generated. Module.symvers contains all exported symbols from
the kernel and compiled modules. For each symbol, the
corresponding CRC value is also stored.
- The syntax of the Module.symvers file is:
+ The syntax of the Module.symvers file is::
+
<CRC> <Symbol> <module>
0x2d036834 scsi_remove_host drivers/scsi/scsi_mod
@@ -451,10 +478,12 @@ build.
would read 0x00000000.
Module.symvers serves two purposes:
+
1) It lists all exported symbols from vmlinux and all modules.
2) It lists the CRC if CONFIG_MODVERSIONS is enabled.
---- 6.2 Symbols and External Modules
+6.2 Symbols and External Modules
+--------------------------------
When building an external module, the build system needs access
to the symbols from the kernel to check if all external symbols
@@ -481,17 +510,17 @@ build.
foo.ko needs symbols from bar.ko, you can use a
common top-level kbuild file so both modules are
compiled in the same build. Consider the following
- directory layout:
+ directory layout::
- ./foo/ <= contains foo.ko
- ./bar/ <= contains bar.ko
+ ./foo/ <= contains foo.ko
+ ./bar/ <= contains bar.ko
- The top-level kbuild file would then look like:
+ The top-level kbuild file would then look like::
- #./Kbuild (or ./Makefile):
- obj-y := foo/ bar/
+ #./Kbuild (or ./Makefile):
+ obj-y := foo/ bar/
- And executing
+ And executing::
$ make -C $KDIR M=$PWD
@@ -518,14 +547,16 @@ build.
initialization of its symbol tables.
-=== 7. Tips & Tricks
+7. Tips & Tricks
+================
---- 7.1 Testing for CONFIG_FOO_BAR
+7.1 Testing for CONFIG_FOO_BAR
+------------------------------
- Modules often need to check for certain CONFIG_ options to
+ Modules often need to check for certain `CONFIG_` options to
decide if a specific feature is included in the module. In
- kbuild this is done by referencing the CONFIG_ variable
- directly.
+ kbuild this is done by referencing the `CONFIG_` variable
+ directly::
#fs/ext2/Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2.o
@@ -534,8 +565,7 @@ build.
ext2-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR) += xattr.o
External modules have traditionally used "grep" to check for
- specific CONFIG_ settings directly in .config. This usage is
+ specific `CONFIG_` settings directly in .config. This usage is
broken. As introduced before, external modules should use
kbuild for building and can therefore use the same methods as
- in-tree modules when testing for CONFIG_ definitions.
-
+ in-tree modules when testing for `CONFIG_` definitions.
diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst b/Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
index d824e4feaff3..5891a701a159 100644
--- a/Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
+++ b/Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ make a neat patch, there's administrative work to be done:
- Usually you want a configuration option for your kernel hack. Edit
``Kconfig`` in the appropriate directory. The Config language is
simple to use by cut and paste, and there's complete documentation in
- ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt``.
+ ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst``.
In your description of the option, make sure you address both the
expert user and the user who knows nothing about your feature.
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ make a neat patch, there's administrative work to be done:
- Edit the ``Makefile``: the CONFIG variables are exported here so you
can usually just add a "obj-$(CONFIG_xxx) += xxx.o" line. The syntax
- is documented in ``Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt``.
+ is documented in ``Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst``.
- Put yourself in ``CREDITS`` if you've done something noteworthy,
usually beyond a single file (your name should be at the top of the
diff --git a/Documentation/process/coding-style.rst b/Documentation/process/coding-style.rst
index fa864a51e6ea..f4a2198187f9 100644
--- a/Documentation/process/coding-style.rst
+++ b/Documentation/process/coding-style.rst
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ filesystems) should advertise this prominently in their prompt string::
...
For full documentation on the configuration files, see the file
-Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
11) Data structures
diff --git a/Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst b/Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst
index c88867b173d9..365efc9e4aa8 100644
--- a/Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst
+++ b/Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ and elsewhere regarding submitting Linux kernel patches.
6) Any new or modified ``CONFIG`` options do not muck up the config menu and
default to off unless they meet the exception criteria documented in
- ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt`` Menu attributes: default value.
+ ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst`` Menu attributes: default value.
7) All new ``Kconfig`` options have help text.
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
index 7178e517af0a..24c592852bf1 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ anche per avere patch pulite, c'è del lavoro amministrativo da fare:
- Solitamente vorrete un'opzione di configurazione per la vostra modifica
al kernel. Modificate ``Kconfig`` nella cartella giusta. Il linguaggio
Config è facile con copia ed incolla, e c'è una completa documentazione
- nel file ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt``.
+ nel file ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst``.
Nella descrizione della vostra opzione, assicuratevi di parlare sia agli
utenti esperti sia agli utente che non sanno nulla del vostro lavoro.
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ anche per avere patch pulite, c'è del lavoro amministrativo da fare:
- Modificate il file ``Makefile``: le variabili CONFIG sono esportate qui,
quindi potete solitamente aggiungere una riga come la seguete
"obj-$(CONFIG_xxx) += xxx.o". La sintassi è documentata nel file
- ``Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt``.
+ ``Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst``.
- Aggiungete voi stessi in ``CREDITS`` se avete fatto qualcosa di notevole,
solitamente qualcosa che supera il singolo file (comunque il vostro nome
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/coding-style.rst b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/coding-style.rst
index a6559d25a23d..8995d2d19f20 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/coding-style.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/coding-style.rst
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ nella stringa di titolo::
...
Per la documentazione completa sui file di configurazione, consultate
-il documento Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+il documento Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
11) Strutture dati
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/submit-checklist.rst b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/submit-checklist.rst
index 70e65a7b3620..ea74cae958d7 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/submit-checklist.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/submit-checklist.rst
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ sottomissione delle patch, in particolare
6) Le opzioni ``CONFIG``, nuove o modificate, non scombussolano il menu
di configurazione e sono preimpostate come disabilitate a meno che non
- soddisfino i criteri descritti in ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt``
+ soddisfino i criteri descritti in ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst``
alla punto "Voci di menu: valori predefiniti".
7) Tutte le nuove opzioni ``Kconfig`` hanno un messaggio di aiuto.
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst
index 5479c591c2f7..4f6237392e65 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ Documentation/doc-guide/ 和 scripts/kernel-doc 以获得详细信息。
depends on ADFS_FS
...
-要查看配置文件的完整文档，请看 Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt。
+要查看配置文件的完整文档，请看 Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst。
11) 数据结构
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst
index 89061aa8fdbe..f4785d2b0491 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Linux内核补丁提交清单
违规行为。
6) 任何新的或修改过的 ``CONFIG`` 选项都不会弄脏配置菜单，并默认为关闭，除非
- 它们符合 ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt`` 中记录的异常条件,
+ 它们符合 ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst`` 中记录的异常条件,
菜单属性：默认值.
7) 所有新的 ``kconfig`` 选项都有帮助文本。
diff --git a/Kconfig b/Kconfig
index 990b0c390dfc..e10b3ee084d4 100644
--- a/Kconfig
+++ b/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
mainmenu "Linux/$(ARCH) $(KERNELVERSION) Kernel Configuration"
diff --git a/arch/arc/plat-eznps/Kconfig b/arch/arc/plat-eznps/Kconfig
index 2eaecfb063a7..a376a50d3fea 100644
--- a/arch/arc/plat-eznps/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arc/plat-eznps/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
menuconfig ARC_PLAT_EZNPS
diff --git a/arch/c6x/Kconfig b/arch/c6x/Kconfig
index eeb0471268a0..c5e6b70e1510 100644
--- a/arch/c6x/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/c6x/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config C6X
diff --git a/arch/microblaze/Kconfig.debug b/arch/microblaze/Kconfig.debug
index 3a343188d86c..865527ac332a 100644
--- a/arch/microblaze/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/arch/microblaze/Kconfig.debug
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
config TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT
def_bool y
diff --git a/arch/microblaze/Kconfig.platform b/arch/microblaze/Kconfig.platform
index 5bf54c1d4f60..7795f90dad86 100644
--- a/arch/microblaze/Kconfig.platform
+++ b/arch/microblaze/Kconfig.platform
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
# Platform selection Kconfig menu for MicroBlaze targets
#
diff --git a/arch/nds32/Kconfig b/arch/nds32/Kconfig
index 3299e287a477..fd0d0639454f 100644
--- a/arch/nds32/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/nds32/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config NDS32
diff --git a/arch/openrisc/Kconfig b/arch/openrisc/Kconfig
index 7cfb20555b10..bf326f0edd2f 100644
--- a/arch/openrisc/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/openrisc/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config OPENRISC
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/sysdev/Kconfig b/arch/powerpc/sysdev/Kconfig
index e0dbec780fe9..d23288c4abf6 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/sysdev/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/powerpc/sysdev/Kconfig
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config PPC4xx_PCI_EXPRESS
diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
index 4961deaa3b1d..376bc759b9ab 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config 64BIT
diff --git a/drivers/auxdisplay/Kconfig b/drivers/auxdisplay/Kconfig
index c52c738e554a..dd61fdd400f0 100644
--- a/drivers/auxdisplay/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/auxdisplay/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
# Auxiliary display drivers configuration.
#
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/Kconfig b/drivers/firmware/Kconfig
index 9026df923542..35078c6f334a 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/firmware/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
menu "Firmware Drivers"
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/devices/Kconfig b/drivers/mtd/devices/Kconfig
index ef0e476b2525..49abbc52457d 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/devices/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/mtd/devices/Kconfig
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ config MTD_MS02NV
If you want to compile this driver as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
The module will be called ms02-nv.
config MTD_DATAFLASH
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/smsc/Kconfig b/drivers/net/ethernet/smsc/Kconfig
index d1b6a78557ec..9e1c3752b200 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/smsc/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/smsc/Kconfig
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ config SMC91X
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want).
The module will be called smc91x. If you want to compile it as a
- module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config PCMCIA_SMC91C92
tristate "SMC 91Cxx PCMCIA support"
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ config SMC911X
This driver is also available as a module. The module will be
called smc911x. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
- here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>
+ here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>
config SMSC911X
tristate "SMSC LAN911x/LAN921x families embedded ethernet support"
@@ -121,6 +121,6 @@ config SMSC9420
This driver is also available as a module. The module will be
called smsc9420. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
- here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>
+ here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>
endif # NET_VENDOR_SMSC
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlegacy/Kconfig b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlegacy/Kconfig
index aa01c83e0060..e329fd7b09c0 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlegacy/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlegacy/Kconfig
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ config IWL4965
If you want to compile the driver as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. The
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. The
module will be called iwl4965.
config IWL3945
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ config IWL3945
If you want to compile the driver as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. The
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. The
module will be called iwl3945.
menu "iwl3945 / iwl4965 Debugging Options"
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/Kconfig b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/Kconfig
index e5528189163f..235349a33a3c 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/Kconfig
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ config IWLWIFI
If you want to compile the driver as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. The
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. The
module will be called iwlwifi.
if IWLWIFI
diff --git a/drivers/parport/Kconfig b/drivers/parport/Kconfig
index 24189c3399e0..1791830e7a71 100644
--- a/drivers/parport/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/parport/Kconfig
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
-# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
+# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
# Parport configuration.
#
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/Kconfig b/drivers/scsi/Kconfig
index 73bce9b6d037..75f66f8ad3ea 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/scsi/Kconfig
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ config CHR_DEV_SCH
If you want to compile this as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt> and
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst> and
<file:Documentation/scsi/scsi.txt>. The module will be called ch.o.
If unsure, say N.
@@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@ config ZFCP
This driver is also available as a module. This module will be
called zfcp. If you want to compile it as a module, say M here
- and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config SCSI_PMCRAID
tristate "PMC SIERRA Linux MaxRAID adapter support"
diff --git a/drivers/staging/sm750fb/Kconfig b/drivers/staging/sm750fb/Kconfig
index fb5a086bf9b1..8c0d8a873d5b 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/sm750fb/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/staging/sm750fb/Kconfig
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ config FB_SM750
This driver is also available as a module. The module will be
called sm750fb. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
- here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
diff --git a/drivers/usb/misc/Kconfig b/drivers/usb/misc/Kconfig
index c97f270338bf..4a88e1ca25c0 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/misc/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/usb/misc/Kconfig
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ config USB_EMI62
This code is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want).
The module will be called audio. If you want to compile it as a
- module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config USB_EMI26
tristate "EMI 2|6 USB Audio interface support"
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ config USB_LEGOTOWER
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want).
The module will be called legousbtower. If you want to compile it as
a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config USB_LCD
tristate "USB LCD driver support"
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/Kconfig b/drivers/video/fbdev/Kconfig
index 2315a5b72d71..702d6d53fb55 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/Kconfig
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ config FB_ARMCLCD
If you want to compile this as a module (=code which can be
inserted into and removed from the running kernel), say M
- here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. The module
+ here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. The module
will be called amba-clcd.
config FB_ACORN
@@ -1757,7 +1757,7 @@ config FB_PXA
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called pxafb. If you want to compile it as a module,
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
@@ -1838,7 +1838,7 @@ config FB_W100
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called w100fb. If you want to compile it as a module,
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
@@ -1867,7 +1867,7 @@ config FB_TMIO
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called tmiofb. If you want to compile it as a module,
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
@@ -1913,7 +1913,7 @@ config FB_S3C2410
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called s3c2410fb. If you want to compile it as a module,
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
config FB_S3C2410_DEBUG
@@ -1950,7 +1950,7 @@ config FB_SM501
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called sm501fb. If you want to compile it as a module,
- say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
@@ -2283,7 +2283,7 @@ config FB_SM712
This driver is also available as a module. The module will be
called sm712fb. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
- here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
source "drivers/video/fbdev/omap/Kconfig"
source "drivers/video/fbdev/omap2/Kconfig"
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/Kconfig b/net/bridge/netfilter/Kconfig
index f4fb0b9b927d..d978f6d820f3 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/Kconfig
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/Kconfig
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ config BRIDGE_EBT_LIMIT
equivalent of the iptables limit match.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config BRIDGE_EBT_MARK
tristate "ebt: mark filter support"
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netfilter/Kconfig b/net/ipv4/netfilter/Kconfig
index 3e6494269501..69e76d677f9e 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netfilter/Kconfig
+++ b/net/ipv4/netfilter/Kconfig
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ config IP_NF_RAW
and OUTPUT chains.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
# security table for MAC policy
config IP_NF_SECURITY
diff --git a/net/ipv6/netfilter/Kconfig b/net/ipv6/netfilter/Kconfig
index f7c6f5be9f76..6120a7800975 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/netfilter/Kconfig
+++ b/net/ipv6/netfilter/Kconfig
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ config IP6_NF_RAW
and OUTPUT chains.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
# security table for MAC policy
config IP6_NF_SECURITY
diff --git a/net/netfilter/Kconfig b/net/netfilter/Kconfig
index 21025c2c605b..dd2af7be3eea 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/Kconfig
+++ b/net/netfilter/Kconfig
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_TRACE
the tables, chains, rules.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_SECMARK
tristate '"SECMARK" target support'
@@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_ADDRTYPE
eg. UNICAST, LOCAL, BROADCAST, ...
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_BPF
tristate '"bpf" match support'
@@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_COMMENT
comments in your iptables ruleset.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNBYTES
tristate '"connbytes" per-connection counter match support'
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNBYTES
number of bytes and/or packets for each direction within a connection.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNLABEL
tristate '"connlabel" match support'
@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_DCCP
and DCCP flags.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_DEVGROUP
tristate '"devgroup" match support'
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_QUOTA
byte counter.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_RATEEST
tristate '"rateest" match support'
@@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_REALM
in tc world.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_RECENT
tristate '"recent" match support'
@@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_SCTP
and SCTP chunk types.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_SOCKET
tristate '"socket" match support'
diff --git a/net/tipc/Kconfig b/net/tipc/Kconfig
index b93bb7bdb04a..b83e16ade4d2 100644
--- a/net/tipc/Kconfig
+++ b/net/tipc/Kconfig
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ menuconfig TIPC
This protocol support is also available as a module ( = code which
can be inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you
want). The module will be called tipc. If you want to compile it
- as a module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ as a module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If in doubt, say N.
diff --git a/scripts/Kbuild.include b/scripts/Kbuild.include
index f641bb0aa63f..ee58cde8ee3b 100644
--- a/scripts/Kbuild.include
+++ b/scripts/Kbuild.include
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ endef
######
# gcc support functions
-# See documentation in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt
+# See documentation in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
# cc-cross-prefix
# Usage: CROSS_COMPILE := $(call cc-cross-prefix, m68k-linux-gnu- m68k-linux-)
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ objectify = $(foreach o,$(1),$(if $(filter /%,$(o)),$(o),$(obj)/$(o)))
# if_changed_dep - as if_changed, but uses fixdep to reveal dependencies
# including used config symbols
# if_changed_rule - as if_changed but execute rule instead
-# See Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt for more info
+# See Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst for more info
ifneq ($(KBUILD_NOCMDDEP),1)
# Check if both arguments are the same including their order. Result is empty
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.host b/scripts/Makefile.host
index b6a54bdf0965..a316d368b697 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.host
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.host
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
#
# Both C and C++ are supported, but preferred language is C for such utilities.
#
-# Sample syntax (see Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt for reference)
+# Sample syntax (see Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst for reference)
# hostprogs-y := bin2hex
# Will compile bin2hex.c and create an executable named bin2hex
#
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c b/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
index 1f9266dadedf..09fd6fa18e1a 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ static void sym_check_print_recursive(struct symbol *last_sym)
}
fprintf(stderr,
- "For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt\n"
+ "For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst\n"
"subsection \"Kconfig recursive dependency limitations\"\n"
"\n");
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/tests/err_recursive_dep/expected_stderr b/scripts/kconfig/tests/err_recursive_dep/expected_stderr
index 84679b104655..c9f4abf9a791 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/tests/err_recursive_dep/expected_stderr
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/tests/err_recursive_dep/expected_stderr
@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@
Kconfig:11:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:11: symbol B is selected by B
-For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:5:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:5: symbol A depends on A
-For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:17:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:17: symbol C1 depends on C2
Kconfig:21: symbol C2 depends on C1
-For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:32:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:32: symbol D2 is selected by D1
Kconfig:27: symbol D1 depends on D2
-For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:37:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:37: symbol E1 depends on E2
Kconfig:42: symbol E2 is implied by E1
-For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:60:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:60: symbol G depends on G
-For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:51:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:51: symbol F2 depends on F1
Kconfig:49: symbol F1 default value contains F2
-For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
+For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
diff --git a/sound/oss/dmasound/Kconfig b/sound/oss/dmasound/Kconfig
index 12e42165b4a5..1a3339859840 100644
--- a/sound/oss/dmasound/Kconfig
+++ b/sound/oss/dmasound/Kconfig
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ config DMASOUND_ATARI
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you
want). If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config DMASOUND_PAULA
tristate "Amiga DMA sound support"
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ config DMASOUND_PAULA
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you
want). If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config DMASOUND_Q40
tristate "Q40 sound support"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ config DMASOUND_Q40
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you
want). If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
- <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
+ <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config DMASOUND
tristate
--
2.21.0
^ permalink raw reply related [flat|nested] 6+ messages in thread* [PATCH v4 19/28] docs: powerpc: convert docs to ReST and rename to *.rst
[not found] <cover.1560361364.git.mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
2019-06-12 17:52 ` [PATCH v4 12/28] docs: kbuild: convert docs to ReST and rename to *.rst Mauro Carvalho Chehab
2019-06-12 17:52 ` [PATCH v4 13/28] docs: kdump: " Mauro Carvalho Chehab
@ 2019-06-12 17:52 ` Mauro Carvalho Chehab
2019-06-14 20:36 ` Jonathan Corbet
2 siblings, 1 reply; 6+ messages in thread
From: Mauro Carvalho Chehab @ 2019-06-12 17:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Linux Doc Mailing List
Cc: linux-pci, Oliver O'Halloran, Mauro Carvalho Chehab,
Qiang Zhao, linux-scsi, Jonathan Corbet, Jiri Slaby,
Linas Vepstas, Andrew Donnellan, Mauro Carvalho Chehab,
Manoj N. Kumar, Bjorn Helgaas, linux-arm-kernel, Matthew R. Ochs,
Uma Krishnan, Sam Bobroff, Greg Kroah-Hartman, linux-kernel,
Li Yang, Andrew Donnellan, Frederic Barrat, Paul Mackerras,
linuxppc-dev
Convert docs to ReST and add them to the arch-specific
book.
The conversion here was trivial, as almost every file there
was already using an elegant format close to ReST standard.
The changes were mostly to mark literal blocks and add a few
missing section title identifiers.
One note with regards to "--": on Sphinx, this can't be used
to identify a list, as it will format it badly. This can be
used, however, to identify a long hyphen - and "---" is an
even longer one.
At its new index.rst, let's add a :orphan: while this is not linked to
the main index.rst file, in order to avoid build warnings.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrew Donnellan <andrew.donnellan@au1.ibm.com> # cxl
---
Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst | 23 ++-
.../{bootwrapper.txt => bootwrapper.rst} | 28 +++-
.../{cpu_families.txt => cpu_families.rst} | 23 +--
.../{cpu_features.txt => cpu_features.rst} | 6 +-
Documentation/powerpc/{cxl.txt => cxl.rst} | 46 ++++--
.../powerpc/{cxlflash.txt => cxlflash.rst} | 10 +-
.../{DAWR-POWER9.txt => dawr-power9.rst} | 15 +-
Documentation/powerpc/{dscr.txt => dscr.rst} | 18 +-
...ecovery.txt => eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst} | 108 ++++++------
...ed-dump.txt => firmware-assisted-dump.rst} | 117 +++++++------
Documentation/powerpc/{hvcs.txt => hvcs.rst} | 108 ++++++------
Documentation/powerpc/index.rst | 34 ++++
Documentation/powerpc/isa-versions.rst | 15 +-
.../powerpc/{mpc52xx.txt => mpc52xx.rst} | 12 +-
...nv.txt => pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.rst} | 15 +-
.../powerpc/{pmu-ebb.txt => pmu-ebb.rst} | 1 +
Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.rst | 156 ++++++++++++++++++
Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.txt | 151 -----------------
.../{qe_firmware.txt => qe_firmware.rst} | 37 +++--
.../{syscall64-abi.txt => syscall64-abi.rst} | 29 ++--
...al_memory.txt => transactional_memory.rst} | 45 ++---
MAINTAINERS | 6 +-
arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S | 2 +-
drivers/soc/fsl/qe/qe.c | 2 +-
drivers/tty/hvc/hvcs.c | 2 +-
include/soc/fsl/qe/qe.h | 2 +-
26 files changed, 584 insertions(+), 427 deletions(-)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{bootwrapper.txt => bootwrapper.rst} (93%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{cpu_families.txt => cpu_families.rst} (95%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{cpu_features.txt => cpu_features.rst} (97%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{cxl.txt => cxl.rst} (95%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{cxlflash.txt => cxlflash.rst} (98%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{DAWR-POWER9.txt => dawr-power9.rst} (95%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{dscr.txt => dscr.rst} (91%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt => eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst} (82%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{firmware-assisted-dump.txt => firmware-assisted-dump.rst} (80%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{hvcs.txt => hvcs.rst} (91%)
create mode 100644 Documentation/powerpc/index.rst
rename Documentation/powerpc/{mpc52xx.txt => mpc52xx.rst} (91%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.txt => pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.rst} (97%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{pmu-ebb.txt => pmu-ebb.rst} (99%)
create mode 100644 Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.rst
delete mode 100644 Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.txt
rename Documentation/powerpc/{qe_firmware.txt => qe_firmware.rst} (95%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{syscall64-abi.txt => syscall64-abi.rst} (82%)
rename Documentation/powerpc/{transactional_memory.txt => transactional_memory.rst} (93%)
diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst
index 83db42092935..acc21ecca322 100644
--- a/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst
+++ b/Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ That is, the recovery API only requires that:
.. note::
Implementation details for the powerpc platform are discussed in
- the file Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt
+ the file Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst
As of this writing, there is a growing list of device drivers with
patches implementing error recovery. Not all of these patches are in
@@ -422,3 +422,24 @@ That is, the recovery API only requires that:
- drivers/net/cxgb3
- drivers/net/s2io.c
- drivers/net/qlge
+
+>>> As of this writing, there is a growing list of device drivers with
+>>> patches implementing error recovery. Not all of these patches are in
+>>> mainline yet. These may be used as "examples":
+>>>
+>>> drivers/scsi/ipr
+>>> drivers/scsi/sym53c8xx_2
+>>> drivers/scsi/qla2xxx
+>>> drivers/scsi/lpfc
+>>> drivers/next/bnx2.c
+>>> drivers/next/e100.c
+>>> drivers/net/e1000
+>>> drivers/net/e1000e
+>>> drivers/net/ixgb
+>>> drivers/net/ixgbe
+>>> drivers/net/cxgb3
+>>> drivers/net/s2io.c
+>>> drivers/net/qlge
+
+The End
+-------
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/bootwrapper.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/bootwrapper.rst
similarity index 93%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/bootwrapper.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/bootwrapper.rst
index d60fced5e1cc..a6292afba573 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/bootwrapper.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/bootwrapper.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+========================
The PowerPC boot wrapper
-------------------------
+========================
+
Copyright (C) Secret Lab Technologies Ltd.
PowerPC image targets compresses and wraps the kernel image (vmlinux) with
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ it uses the wrapper script (arch/powerpc/boot/wrapper) to generate target
image. The details of the build system is discussed in the next section.
Currently, the following image format targets exist:
+ ==================== ========================================================
cuImage.%: Backwards compatible uImage for older version of
U-Boot (for versions that don't understand the device
tree). This image embeds a device tree blob inside
@@ -29,31 +32,36 @@ Currently, the following image format targets exist:
with boot wrapper code that extracts data from the old
bd_info structure and loads the data into the device
tree before jumping into the kernel.
- Because of the series of #ifdefs found in the
+
+ Because of the series of #ifdefs found in the
bd_info structure used in the old U-Boot interfaces,
cuImages are platform specific. Each specific
U-Boot platform has a different platform init file
which populates the embedded device tree with data
from the platform specific bd_info file. The platform
specific cuImage platform init code can be found in
- arch/powerpc/boot/cuboot.*.c. Selection of the correct
+ `arch/powerpc/boot/cuboot.*.c`. Selection of the correct
cuImage init code for a specific board can be found in
the wrapper structure.
+
dtbImage.%: Similar to zImage, except device tree blob is embedded
inside the image instead of provided by firmware. The
output image file can be either an elf file or a flat
binary depending on the platform.
- dtbImages are used on systems which do not have an
+
+ dtbImages are used on systems which do not have an
interface for passing a device tree directly.
dtbImages are similar to simpleImages except that
dtbImages have platform specific code for extracting
data from the board firmware, but simpleImages do not
talk to the firmware at all.
- PlayStation 3 support uses dtbImage. So do Embedded
+
+ PlayStation 3 support uses dtbImage. So do Embedded
Planet boards using the PlanetCore firmware. Board
specific initialization code is typically found in a
file named arch/powerpc/boot/<platform>.c; but this
can be overridden by the wrapper script.
+
simpleImage.%: Firmware independent compressed image that does not
depend on any particular firmware interface and embeds
a device tree blob. This image is a flat binary that
@@ -61,14 +69,16 @@ Currently, the following image format targets exist:
Firmware cannot pass any configuration data to the
kernel with this image type and it depends entirely on
the embedded device tree for all information.
- The simpleImage is useful for booting systems with
+
+ The simpleImage is useful for booting systems with
an unknown firmware interface or for booting from
a debugger when no firmware is present (such as on
the Xilinx Virtex platform). The only assumption that
simpleImage makes is that RAM is correctly initialized
and that the MMU is either off or has RAM mapped to
base address 0.
- simpleImage also supports inserting special platform
+
+ simpleImage also supports inserting special platform
specific initialization code to the start of the bootup
sequence. The virtex405 platform uses this feature to
ensure that the cache is invalidated before caching
@@ -81,9 +91,11 @@ Currently, the following image format targets exist:
named (virtex405-<board>.dts). Search the wrapper
script for 'virtex405' and see the file
arch/powerpc/boot/virtex405-head.S for details.
+
treeImage.%; Image format for used with OpenBIOS firmware found
on some ppc4xx hardware. This image embeds a device
tree blob inside the image.
+
uImage: Native image format used by U-Boot. The uImage target
does not add any boot code. It just wraps a compressed
vmlinux in the uImage data structure. This image
@@ -91,12 +103,14 @@ Currently, the following image format targets exist:
a device tree to the kernel at boot. If using an older
version of U-Boot, then you need to use a cuImage
instead.
+
zImage.%: Image format which does not embed a device tree.
Used by OpenFirmware and other firmware interfaces
which are able to supply a device tree. This image
expects firmware to provide the device tree at boot.
Typically, if you have general purpose PowerPC
hardware then you want this image format.
+ ==================== ========================================================
Image types which embed a device tree blob (simpleImage, dtbImage, treeImage,
and cuImage) all generate the device tree blob from a file in the
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/cpu_families.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/cpu_families.rst
similarity index 95%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/cpu_families.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/cpu_families.rst
index fc08e22feb1a..1e063c5440c3 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/cpu_families.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/cpu_families.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+============
CPU Families
============
@@ -8,8 +9,8 @@ and are supported by arch/powerpc.
Book3S (aka sPAPR)
------------------
- - Hash MMU
- - Mix of 32 & 64 bit
+- Hash MMU
+- Mix of 32 & 64 bit::
+--------------+ +----------------+
| Old POWER | --------------> | RS64 (threads) |
@@ -108,8 +109,8 @@ Book3S (aka sPAPR)
IBM BookE
---------
- - Software loaded TLB.
- - All 32 bit
+- Software loaded TLB.
+- All 32 bit::
+--------------+
| 401 |
@@ -155,8 +156,8 @@ IBM BookE
Motorola/Freescale 8xx
----------------------
- - Software loaded with hardware assist.
- - All 32 bit
+- Software loaded with hardware assist.
+- All 32 bit::
+-------------+
| MPC8xx Core |
@@ -166,9 +167,9 @@ Motorola/Freescale 8xx
Freescale BookE
---------------
- - Software loaded TLB.
- - e6500 adds HW loaded indirect TLB entries.
- - Mix of 32 & 64 bit
+- Software loaded TLB.
+- e6500 adds HW loaded indirect TLB entries.
+- Mix of 32 & 64 bit::
+--------------+
| e200 |
@@ -207,8 +208,8 @@ Freescale BookE
IBM A2 core
-----------
- - Book3E, software loaded TLB + HW loaded indirect TLB entries.
- - 64 bit
+- Book3E, software loaded TLB + HW loaded indirect TLB entries.
+- 64 bit::
+--------------+ +----------------+
| A2 core | --> | WSP |
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/cpu_features.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/cpu_features.rst
similarity index 97%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/cpu_features.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/cpu_features.rst
index ae09df8722c8..b7bcdd2f41bb 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/cpu_features.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/cpu_features.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+============
+CPU Features
+============
+
Hollis Blanchard <hollis@austin.ibm.com>
5 Jun 2002
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ anyways).
After detecting the processor type, the kernel patches out sections of code
that shouldn't be used by writing nop's over it. Using cpufeatures requires
just 2 macros (found in arch/powerpc/include/asm/cputable.h), as seen in head.S
-transfer_to_handler:
+transfer_to_handler::
#ifdef CONFIG_ALTIVEC
BEGIN_FTR_SECTION
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/cxl.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/cxl.rst
similarity index 95%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/cxl.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/cxl.rst
index c5e8d5098ed3..920546d81326 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/cxl.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/cxl.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+====================================
Coherent Accelerator Interface (CXL)
====================================
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@ Introduction
Hardware overview
=================
+ ::
+
POWER8/9 FPGA
+----------+ +---------+
| | | |
@@ -59,14 +62,16 @@ Hardware overview
the fault. The context to which this fault is serviced is based on
who owns that acceleration function.
- POWER8 <-----> PSL Version 8 is compliant to the CAIA Version 1.0.
- POWER9 <-----> PSL Version 9 is compliant to the CAIA Version 2.0.
+ - POWER8 and PSL Version 8 are compliant to the CAIA Version 1.0.
+ - POWER9 and PSL Version 9 are compliant to the CAIA Version 2.0.
+
This PSL Version 9 provides new features such as:
+
* Interaction with the nest MMU on the P9 chip.
* Native DMA support.
* Supports sending ASB_Notify messages for host thread wakeup.
* Supports Atomic operations.
- * ....
+ * etc.
Cards with a PSL9 won't work on a POWER8 system and cards with a
PSL8 won't work on a POWER9 system.
@@ -147,7 +152,9 @@ User API
master devices.
A userspace library libcxl is available here:
+
https://github.com/ibm-capi/libcxl
+
This provides a C interface to this kernel API.
open
@@ -165,7 +172,8 @@ open
When all available contexts are allocated the open call will fail
and return -ENOSPC.
- Note: IRQs need to be allocated for each context, which may limit
+ Note:
+ IRQs need to be allocated for each context, which may limit
the number of contexts that can be created, and therefore
how many times the device can be opened. The POWER8 CAPP
supports 2040 IRQs and 3 are used by the kernel, so 2037 are
@@ -186,7 +194,9 @@ ioctl
updated as userspace allocates and frees memory. This ioctl
returns once the AFU context is started.
- Takes a pointer to a struct cxl_ioctl_start_work:
+ Takes a pointer to a struct cxl_ioctl_start_work
+
+ ::
struct cxl_ioctl_start_work {
__u64 flags;
@@ -269,7 +279,7 @@ read
The buffer passed to read() must be at least 4K bytes.
The result of the read will be a buffer of one or more events,
- each event is of type struct cxl_event, of varying size.
+ each event is of type struct cxl_event, of varying size::
struct cxl_event {
struct cxl_event_header header;
@@ -280,7 +290,9 @@ read
};
};
- The struct cxl_event_header is defined as:
+ The struct cxl_event_header is defined as
+
+ ::
struct cxl_event_header {
__u16 type;
@@ -307,7 +319,9 @@ read
For future extensions and padding.
If the event type is CXL_EVENT_AFU_INTERRUPT then the event
- structure is defined as:
+ structure is defined as
+
+ ::
struct cxl_event_afu_interrupt {
__u16 flags;
@@ -326,7 +340,9 @@ read
For future extensions and padding.
If the event type is CXL_EVENT_DATA_STORAGE then the event
- structure is defined as:
+ structure is defined as
+
+ ::
struct cxl_event_data_storage {
__u16 flags;
@@ -356,7 +372,9 @@ read
For future extensions
If the event type is CXL_EVENT_AFU_ERROR then the event structure
- is defined as:
+ is defined as
+
+ ::
struct cxl_event_afu_error {
__u16 flags;
@@ -393,15 +411,15 @@ open
ioctl
-----
-CXL_IOCTL_DOWNLOAD_IMAGE:
-CXL_IOCTL_VALIDATE_IMAGE:
+CXL_IOCTL_DOWNLOAD_IMAGE / CXL_IOCTL_VALIDATE_IMAGE:
Starts and controls flashing a new FPGA image. Partial
reconfiguration is not supported (yet), so the image must contain
a copy of the PSL and AFU(s). Since an image can be quite large,
the caller may have to iterate, splitting the image in smaller
chunks.
- Takes a pointer to a struct cxl_adapter_image:
+ Takes a pointer to a struct cxl_adapter_image::
+
struct cxl_adapter_image {
__u64 flags;
__u64 data;
@@ -442,7 +460,7 @@ Udev rules
The following udev rules could be used to create a symlink to the
most logical chardev to use in any programming mode (afuX.Yd for
dedicated, afuX.Ys for afu directed), since the API is virtually
- identical for each:
+ identical for each::
SUBSYSTEM=="cxl", ATTRS{mode}=="dedicated_process", SYMLINK="cxl/%b"
SUBSYSTEM=="cxl", ATTRS{mode}=="afu_directed", \
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/cxlflash.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/cxlflash.rst
similarity index 98%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/cxlflash.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/cxlflash.rst
index a64bdaa0a1cf..cea67931b3b9 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/cxlflash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/cxlflash.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+================================
+Coherent Accelerator (CXL) Flash
+================================
+
Introduction
============
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ Introduction
responsible for the initialization of the adapter, setting up the
special path for user space access, and performing error recovery. It
communicates directly the Flash Accelerator Functional Unit (AFU)
- as described in Documentation/powerpc/cxl.txt.
+ as described in Documentation/powerpc/cxl.rst.
The cxlflash driver supports two, mutually exclusive, modes of
operation at the device (LUN) level:
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ Overview
The CXL Flash Adapter Driver establishes a master context with the
AFU. It uses memory mapped I/O (MMIO) for this control and setup. The
- Adapter Problem Space Memory Map looks like this:
+ Adapter Problem Space Memory Map looks like this::
+-------------------------------+
| 512 * 64 KB User MMIO |
@@ -375,7 +379,7 @@ CXL Flash Driver Host IOCTLs
Each host adapter instance that is supported by the cxlflash driver
has a special character device associated with it to enable a set of
host management function. These character devices are hosted in a
- class dedicated for cxlflash and can be accessed via /dev/cxlflash/*.
+ class dedicated for cxlflash and can be accessed via `/dev/cxlflash/*`.
Applications can be written to perform various functions using the
host ioctl APIs below.
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/DAWR-POWER9.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dawr-power9.rst
similarity index 95%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/DAWR-POWER9.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/dawr-power9.rst
index ecdbb076438c..c96ab6befd9c 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/DAWR-POWER9.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dawr-power9.rst
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+=====================
DAWR issues on POWER9
-============================
+=====================
On POWER9 the Data Address Watchpoint Register (DAWR) can cause a checkstop
if it points to cache inhibited (CI) memory. Currently Linux has no way to
disinguish CI memory when configuring the DAWR, so (for now) the DAWR is
-disabled by this commit:
+disabled by this commit::
commit 9654153158d3e0684a1bdb76dbababdb7111d5a0
Author: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ disabled by this commit:
powerpc: Disable DAWR in the base POWER9 CPU features
Technical Details:
-============================
+==================
DAWR has 6 different ways of being set.
1) ptrace
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ DAWR on the migration.
For xmon, the 'bd' command will return an error on P9.
Consequences for users
-============================
+======================
For GDB watchpoints (ie 'watch' command) on POWER9 bare metal , GDB
will accept the command. Unfortunately since there is no hardware
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ trapped in GDB. The watchpoint is remembered, so if the guest is
migrated back to the POWER8 host, it will start working again.
Force enabling the DAWR
-=============================
-Kernels (since ~v5.2) have an option to force enable the DAWR via:
+=======================
+Kernels (since ~v5.2) have an option to force enable the DAWR via::
echo Y > /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/dawr_enable_dangerous
@@ -86,5 +87,7 @@ dawr_enable_dangerous file will fail if the hypervisor doesn't support
writing the DAWR.
To double check the DAWR is working, run this kernel selftest:
+
tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/ptrace/ptrace-hwbreak.c
+
Any errors/failures/skips mean something is wrong.
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/dscr.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dscr.rst
similarity index 91%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/dscr.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/dscr.rst
index ece300c64f76..2ab99006014c 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/dscr.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dscr.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
- DSCR (Data Stream Control Register)
- ================================================
+===================================
+DSCR (Data Stream Control Register)
+===================================
DSCR register in powerpc allows user to have some control of prefetch of data
stream in the processor. Please refer to the ISA documents or related manual
@@ -10,14 +11,17 @@ user interface.
(A) Data Structures:
- (1) thread_struct:
+ (1) thread_struct::
+
dscr /* Thread DSCR value */
dscr_inherit /* Thread has changed default DSCR */
- (2) PACA:
+ (2) PACA::
+
dscr_default /* per-CPU DSCR default value */
- (3) sysfs.c:
+ (3) sysfs.c::
+
dscr_default /* System DSCR default value */
(B) Scheduler Changes:
@@ -35,8 +39,8 @@ user interface.
(C) SYSFS Interface:
- Global DSCR default: /sys/devices/system/cpu/dscr_default
- CPU specific DSCR default: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuN/dscr
+ - Global DSCR default: /sys/devices/system/cpu/dscr_default
+ - CPU specific DSCR default: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuN/dscr
Changing the global DSCR default in the sysfs will change all the CPU
specific DSCR defaults immediately in their PACA structures. Again if
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst
similarity index 82%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst
index 678189280bb4..438a87ebc095 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+==========================
+PCI Bus EEH Error Recovery
+==========================
+Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
- PCI Bus EEH Error Recovery
- --------------------------
- Linas Vepstas
- <linas@austin.ibm.com>
- 12 January 2005
+12 January 2005
Overview:
@@ -143,17 +143,17 @@ seen in /proc/ppc64/eeh (subject to change). Normally, almost
all of these occur during boot, when the PCI bus is scanned, where
a large number of 0xff reads are part of the bus scan procedure.
-If a frozen slot is detected, code in
-arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/eeh.c will print a stack trace to
-syslog (/var/log/messages). This stack trace has proven to be very
-useful to device-driver authors for finding out at what point the EEH
-error was detected, as the error itself usually occurs slightly
+If a frozen slot is detected, code in
+arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/eeh.c will print a stack trace to
+syslog (/var/log/messages). This stack trace has proven to be very
+useful to device-driver authors for finding out at what point the EEH
+error was detected, as the error itself usually occurs slightly
beforehand.
Next, it uses the Linux kernel notifier chain/work queue mechanism to
allow any interested parties to find out about the failure. Device
drivers, or other parts of the kernel, can use
-eeh_register_notifier(struct notifier_block *) to find out about EEH
+`eeh_register_notifier(struct notifier_block *)` to find out about EEH
events. The event will include a pointer to the pci device, the
device node and some state info. Receivers of the event can "do as
they wish"; the default handler will be described further in this
@@ -162,10 +162,13 @@ section.
To assist in the recovery of the device, eeh.c exports the
following functions:
-rtas_set_slot_reset() -- assert the PCI #RST line for 1/8th of a second
-rtas_configure_bridge() -- ask firmware to configure any PCI bridges
+rtas_set_slot_reset()
+ assert the PCI #RST line for 1/8th of a second
+rtas_configure_bridge()
+ ask firmware to configure any PCI bridges
located topologically under the pci slot.
-eeh_save_bars() and eeh_restore_bars(): save and restore the PCI
+eeh_save_bars() and eeh_restore_bars():
+ save and restore the PCI
config-space info for a device and any devices under it.
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ events get delivered to user-space scripts.
Following is an example sequence of events that cause a device driver
close function to be called during the first phase of an EEH reset.
-The following sequence is an example of the pcnet32 device driver.
+The following sequence is an example of the pcnet32 device driver::
rpa_php_unconfig_pci_adapter (struct slot *) // in rpaphp_pci.c
{
@@ -241,53 +244,54 @@ The following sequence is an example of the pcnet32 device driver.
}}}}}}
- in drivers/pci/pci_driver.c,
- struct device_driver->remove() is just pci_device_remove()
- which calls struct pci_driver->remove() which is pcnet32_remove_one()
- which calls unregister_netdev() (in net/core/dev.c)
- which calls dev_close() (in net/core/dev.c)
- which calls dev->stop() which is pcnet32_close()
- which then does the appropriate shutdown.
+in drivers/pci/pci_driver.c,
+struct device_driver->remove() is just pci_device_remove()
+which calls struct pci_driver->remove() which is pcnet32_remove_one()
+which calls unregister_netdev() (in net/core/dev.c)
+which calls dev_close() (in net/core/dev.c)
+which calls dev->stop() which is pcnet32_close()
+which then does the appropriate shutdown.
---
+
Following is the analogous stack trace for events sent to user-space
-when the pci device is unconfigured.
+when the pci device is unconfigured::
-rpa_php_unconfig_pci_adapter() { // in rpaphp_pci.c
- calls
- pci_remove_bus_device (struct pci_dev *) { // in /drivers/pci/remove.c
+ rpa_php_unconfig_pci_adapter() { // in rpaphp_pci.c
calls
- pci_destroy_dev (struct pci_dev *) {
+ pci_remove_bus_device (struct pci_dev *) { // in /drivers/pci/remove.c
calls
- device_unregister (&dev->dev) { // in /drivers/base/core.c
+ pci_destroy_dev (struct pci_dev *) {
calls
- device_del(struct device * dev) { // in /drivers/base/core.c
+ device_unregister (&dev->dev) { // in /drivers/base/core.c
calls
- kobject_del() { //in /libs/kobject.c
+ device_del(struct device * dev) { // in /drivers/base/core.c
calls
- kobject_uevent() { // in /libs/kobject.c
+ kobject_del() { //in /libs/kobject.c
calls
- kset_uevent() { // in /lib/kobject.c
+ kobject_uevent() { // in /libs/kobject.c
calls
- kset->uevent_ops->uevent() // which is really just
- a call to
- dev_uevent() { // in /drivers/base/core.c
+ kset_uevent() { // in /lib/kobject.c
calls
- dev->bus->uevent() which is really just a call to
- pci_uevent () { // in drivers/pci/hotplug.c
- which prints device name, etc....
+ kset->uevent_ops->uevent() // which is really just
+ a call to
+ dev_uevent() { // in /drivers/base/core.c
+ calls
+ dev->bus->uevent() which is really just a call to
+ pci_uevent () { // in drivers/pci/hotplug.c
+ which prints device name, etc....
+ }
}
- }
- then kobject_uevent() sends a netlink uevent to userspace
- --> userspace uevent
- (during early boot, nobody listens to netlink events and
- kobject_uevent() executes uevent_helper[], which runs the
- event process /sbin/hotplug)
+ then kobject_uevent() sends a netlink uevent to userspace
+ --> userspace uevent
+ (during early boot, nobody listens to netlink events and
+ kobject_uevent() executes uevent_helper[], which runs the
+ event process /sbin/hotplug)
+ }
}
- }
- kobject_del() then calls sysfs_remove_dir(), which would
- trigger any user-space daemon that was watching /sysfs,
- and notice the delete event.
+ kobject_del() then calls sysfs_remove_dir(), which would
+ trigger any user-space daemon that was watching /sysfs,
+ and notice the delete event.
Pro's and Con's of the Current Design
@@ -299,12 +303,12 @@ individual device drivers, so that the current design throws a wide net.
The biggest negative of the design is that it potentially disturbs
network daemons and file systems that didn't need to be disturbed.
--- A minor complaint is that resetting the network card causes
+- A minor complaint is that resetting the network card causes
user-space back-to-back ifdown/ifup burps that potentially disturb
network daemons, that didn't need to even know that the pci
card was being rebooted.
--- A more serious concern is that the same reset, for SCSI devices,
+- A more serious concern is that the same reset, for SCSI devices,
causes havoc to mounted file systems. Scripts cannot post-facto
unmount a file system without flushing pending buffers, but this
is impossible, because I/O has already been stopped. Thus,
@@ -322,7 +326,7 @@ network daemons and file systems that didn't need to be disturbed.
from the block layer. It would be very natural to add an EEH
reset into this chain of events.
--- If a SCSI error occurs for the root device, all is lost unless
+- If a SCSI error occurs for the root device, all is lost unless
the sysadmin had the foresight to run /bin, /sbin, /etc, /var
and so on, out of ramdisk/tmpfs.
@@ -330,5 +334,3 @@ network daemons and file systems that didn't need to be disturbed.
Conclusions
-----------
There's forward progress ...
-
-
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/firmware-assisted-dump.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/firmware-assisted-dump.rst
similarity index 80%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/firmware-assisted-dump.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/firmware-assisted-dump.rst
index 0c41d6d463f3..d7fa7c35dd12 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/firmware-assisted-dump.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/firmware-assisted-dump.rst
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+======================
+Firmware-Assisted Dump
+======================
- Firmware-Assisted Dump
- ------------------------
- July 2011
+July 2011
The goal of firmware-assisted dump is to enable the dump of
a crashed system, and to do so from a fully-reset system, and
@@ -27,11 +28,11 @@ in production use.
Comparing with kdump or other strategies, firmware-assisted
dump offers several strong, practical advantages:
--- Unlike kdump, the system has been reset, and loaded
+- Unlike kdump, the system has been reset, and loaded
with a fresh copy of the kernel. In particular,
PCI and I/O devices have been reinitialized and are
in a clean, consistent state.
--- Once the dump is copied out, the memory that held the dump
+- Once the dump is copied out, the memory that held the dump
is immediately available to the running kernel. And therefore,
unlike kdump, fadump doesn't need a 2nd reboot to get back
the system to the production configuration.
@@ -40,17 +41,18 @@ The above can only be accomplished by coordination with,
and assistance from the Power firmware. The procedure is
as follows:
--- The first kernel registers the sections of memory with the
+- The first kernel registers the sections of memory with the
Power firmware for dump preservation during OS initialization.
These registered sections of memory are reserved by the first
kernel during early boot.
--- When a system crashes, the Power firmware will save
+- When a system crashes, the Power firmware will save
the low memory (boot memory of size larger of 5% of system RAM
or 256MB) of RAM to the previous registered region. It will
also save system registers, and hardware PTE's.
- NOTE: The term 'boot memory' means size of the low memory chunk
+ NOTE:
+ The term 'boot memory' means size of the low memory chunk
that is required for a kernel to boot successfully when
booted with restricted memory. By default, the boot memory
size will be the larger of 5% of system RAM or 256MB.
@@ -64,12 +66,12 @@ as follows:
as fadump uses a predefined offset to reserve memory
for boot memory dump preservation in case of a crash.
--- After the low memory (boot memory) area has been saved, the
+- After the low memory (boot memory) area has been saved, the
firmware will reset PCI and other hardware state. It will
*not* clear the RAM. It will then launch the bootloader, as
normal.
--- The freshly booted kernel will notice that there is a new
+- The freshly booted kernel will notice that there is a new
node (ibm,dump-kernel) in the device tree, indicating that
there is crash data available from a previous boot. During
the early boot OS will reserve rest of the memory above
@@ -77,17 +79,18 @@ as follows:
size. This will make sure that the second kernel will not
touch any of the dump memory area.
--- User-space tools will read /proc/vmcore to obtain the contents
+- User-space tools will read /proc/vmcore to obtain the contents
of memory, which holds the previous crashed kernel dump in ELF
format. The userspace tools may copy this info to disk, or
network, nas, san, iscsi, etc. as desired.
--- Once the userspace tool is done saving dump, it will echo
+- Once the userspace tool is done saving dump, it will echo
'1' to /sys/kernel/fadump_release_mem to release the reserved
memory back to general use, except the memory required for
next firmware-assisted dump registration.
- e.g.
+ e.g.::
+
# echo 1 > /sys/kernel/fadump_release_mem
Please note that the firmware-assisted dump feature
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ is only available on Power6 and above systems with recent
firmware versions.
Implementation details:
-----------------------
+-----------------------
During boot, a check is made to see if firmware supports
this feature on that particular machine. If it does, then
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ Allocator (CMA) for memory reservation if CMA is configured for kernel.
With CMA reservation this memory will be available for applications to
use it, while kernel is prevented from using it. With this fadump will
still be able to capture all of the kernel memory and most of the user
-space memory except the user pages that were present in CMA region.
+space memory except the user pages that were present in CMA region::
o Memory Reservation during first kernel
@@ -166,7 +169,7 @@ The tools to examine the dump will be same as the ones
used for kdump.
How to enable firmware-assisted dump (fadump):
--------------------------------------
+----------------------------------------------
1. Set config option CONFIG_FA_DUMP=y and build kernel.
2. Boot into linux kernel with 'fadump=on' kernel cmdline option.
@@ -177,19 +180,20 @@ How to enable firmware-assisted dump (fadump):
to specify size of the memory to reserve for boot memory dump
preservation.
-NOTE: 1. 'fadump_reserve_mem=' parameter has been deprecated. Instead
- use 'crashkernel=' to specify size of the memory to reserve
- for boot memory dump preservation.
- 2. If firmware-assisted dump fails to reserve memory then it
- will fallback to existing kdump mechanism if 'crashkernel='
- option is set at kernel cmdline.
- 3. if user wants to capture all of user space memory and ok with
- reserved memory not available to production system, then
- 'fadump=nocma' kernel parameter can be used to fallback to
- old behaviour.
+NOTE:
+ 1. 'fadump_reserve_mem=' parameter has been deprecated. Instead
+ use 'crashkernel=' to specify size of the memory to reserve
+ for boot memory dump preservation.
+ 2. If firmware-assisted dump fails to reserve memory then it
+ will fallback to existing kdump mechanism if 'crashkernel='
+ option is set at kernel cmdline.
+ 3. if user wants to capture all of user space memory and ok with
+ reserved memory not available to production system, then
+ 'fadump=nocma' kernel parameter can be used to fallback to
+ old behaviour.
Sysfs/debugfs files:
-------------
+--------------------
Firmware-assisted dump feature uses sysfs file system to hold
the control files and debugfs file to display memory reserved region.
@@ -197,20 +201,20 @@ the control files and debugfs file to display memory reserved region.
Here is the list of files under kernel sysfs:
/sys/kernel/fadump_enabled
-
This is used to display the fadump status.
- 0 = fadump is disabled
- 1 = fadump is enabled
+
+ - 0 = fadump is disabled
+ - 1 = fadump is enabled
This interface can be used by kdump init scripts to identify if
fadump is enabled in the kernel and act accordingly.
/sys/kernel/fadump_registered
-
This is used to display the fadump registration status as well
as to control (start/stop) the fadump registration.
- 0 = fadump is not registered.
- 1 = fadump is registered and ready to handle system crash.
+
+ - 0 = fadump is not registered.
+ - 1 = fadump is registered and ready to handle system crash.
To register fadump echo 1 > /sys/kernel/fadump_registered and
echo 0 > /sys/kernel/fadump_registered for un-register and stop the
@@ -219,13 +223,12 @@ Here is the list of files under kernel sysfs:
easily integrated with kdump service start/stop.
/sys/kernel/fadump_release_mem
-
This file is available only when fadump is active during
second kernel. This is used to release the reserved memory
region that are held for saving crash dump. To release the
- reserved memory echo 1 to it:
+ reserved memory echo 1 to it::
- echo 1 > /sys/kernel/fadump_release_mem
+ echo 1 > /sys/kernel/fadump_release_mem
After echo 1, the content of the /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/fadump_region
file will change to reflect the new memory reservations.
@@ -238,38 +241,39 @@ Here is the list of files under powerpc debugfs:
(Assuming debugfs is mounted on /sys/kernel/debug directory.)
/sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/fadump_region
-
This file shows the reserved memory regions if fadump is
enabled otherwise this file is empty. The output format
- is:
- <region>: [<start>-<end>] <reserved-size> bytes, Dumped: <dump-size>
+ is::
+
+ <region>: [<start>-<end>] <reserved-size> bytes, Dumped: <dump-size>
e.g.
- Contents when fadump is registered during first kernel
+ Contents when fadump is registered during first kernel::
- # cat /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/fadump_region
- CPU : [0x0000006ffb0000-0x0000006fff001f] 0x40020 bytes, Dumped: 0x0
- HPTE: [0x0000006fff0020-0x0000006fff101f] 0x1000 bytes, Dumped: 0x0
- DUMP: [0x0000006fff1020-0x0000007fff101f] 0x10000000 bytes, Dumped: 0x0
+ # cat /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/fadump_region
+ CPU : [0x0000006ffb0000-0x0000006fff001f] 0x40020 bytes, Dumped: 0x0
+ HPTE: [0x0000006fff0020-0x0000006fff101f] 0x1000 bytes, Dumped: 0x0
+ DUMP: [0x0000006fff1020-0x0000007fff101f] 0x10000000 bytes, Dumped: 0x0
- Contents when fadump is active during second kernel
+ Contents when fadump is active during second kernel::
- # cat /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/fadump_region
- CPU : [0x0000006ffb0000-0x0000006fff001f] 0x40020 bytes, Dumped: 0x40020
- HPTE: [0x0000006fff0020-0x0000006fff101f] 0x1000 bytes, Dumped: 0x1000
- DUMP: [0x0000006fff1020-0x0000007fff101f] 0x10000000 bytes, Dumped: 0x10000000
- : [0x00000010000000-0x0000006ffaffff] 0x5ffb0000 bytes, Dumped: 0x5ffb0000
+ # cat /sys/kernel/debug/powerpc/fadump_region
+ CPU : [0x0000006ffb0000-0x0000006fff001f] 0x40020 bytes, Dumped: 0x40020
+ HPTE: [0x0000006fff0020-0x0000006fff101f] 0x1000 bytes, Dumped: 0x1000
+ DUMP: [0x0000006fff1020-0x0000007fff101f] 0x10000000 bytes, Dumped: 0x10000000
+ : [0x00000010000000-0x0000006ffaffff] 0x5ffb0000 bytes, Dumped: 0x5ffb0000
-NOTE: Please refer to Documentation/filesystems/debugfs.txt on
+NOTE:
+ Please refer to Documentation/filesystems/debugfs.txt on
how to mount the debugfs filesystem.
TODO:
-----
- o Need to come up with the better approach to find out more
+ - Need to come up with the better approach to find out more
accurate boot memory size that is required for a kernel to
boot successfully when booted with restricted memory.
- o The fadump implementation introduces a fadump crash info structure
+ - The fadump implementation introduces a fadump crash info structure
in the scratch area before the ELF core header. The idea of introducing
this structure is to pass some important crash info data to the second
kernel which will help second kernel to populate ELF core header with
@@ -277,7 +281,9 @@ TODO:
design implementation does not address a possibility of introducing
additional fields (in future) to this structure without affecting
compatibility. Need to come up with the better approach to address this.
+
The possible approaches are:
+
1. Introduce version field for version tracking, bump up the version
whenever a new field is added to the structure in future. The version
field can be used to find out what fields are valid for the current
@@ -285,8 +291,11 @@ TODO:
2. Reserve the area of predefined size (say PAGE_SIZE) for this
structure and have unused area as reserved (initialized to zero)
for future field additions.
+
The advantage of approach 1 over 2 is we don't need to reserve extra space.
----
+
Author: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+
This document is based on the original documentation written for phyp
+
assisted dump by Linas Vepstas and Manish Ahuja.
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.rst
similarity index 91%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.rst
index a730ca5a07f8..6808acde672f 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.rst
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
-===========================================================================
- HVCS
- IBM "Hypervisor Virtual Console Server" Installation Guide
- for Linux Kernel 2.6.4+
- Copyright (C) 2004 IBM Corporation
+===============================================================
+HVCS IBM "Hypervisor Virtual Console Server" Installation Guide
+===============================================================
-===========================================================================
-NOTE:Eight space tabs are the optimum editor setting for reading this file.
-===========================================================================
+for Linux Kernel 2.6.4+
- Author(s) : Ryan S. Arnold <rsa@us.ibm.com>
- Date Created: March, 02, 2004
- Last Changed: August, 24, 2004
+Copyright (C) 2004 IBM Corporation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Table of contents:
+.. ===========================================================================
+.. NOTE:Eight space tabs are the optimum editor setting for reading this file.
+.. ===========================================================================
+
+
+Author(s): Ryan S. Arnold <rsa@us.ibm.com>
+
+Date Created: March, 02, 2004
+Last Changed: August, 24, 2004
+
+.. Table of contents:
1. Driver Introduction:
2. System Requirements
@@ -27,8 +30,8 @@ Table of contents:
8. Questions & Answers:
9. Reporting Bugs:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Driver Introduction:
+=======================
This is the device driver for the IBM Hypervisor Virtual Console Server,
"hvcs". The IBM hvcs provides a tty driver interface to allow Linux user
@@ -38,8 +41,8 @@ ppc64 system. Physical hardware consoles per partition are not practical
on this hardware so system consoles are accessed by this driver using
firmware interfaces to virtual terminal devices.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. System Requirements:
+=======================
This device driver was written using 2.6.4 Linux kernel APIs and will only
build and run on kernels of this version or later.
@@ -52,8 +55,8 @@ Sysfs must be mounted on the system so that the user can determine which
major and minor numbers are associated with each vty-server. Directions
for sysfs mounting are outside the scope of this document.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Build Options:
+=================
The hvcs driver registers itself as a tty driver. The tty layer
dynamically allocates a block of major and minor numbers in a quantity
@@ -65,11 +68,11 @@ If the default number of device entries is adequate then this driver can be
built into the kernel. If not, the default can be over-ridden by inserting
the driver as a module with insmod parameters.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Built-in:
+-------------
The following menuconfig example demonstrates selecting to build this
-driver into the kernel.
+driver into the kernel::
Device Drivers --->
Character devices --->
@@ -77,11 +80,11 @@ driver into the kernel.
Begin the kernel make process.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2 Module:
+-----------
The following menuconfig example demonstrates selecting to build this
-driver as a kernel module.
+driver as a kernel module::
Device Drivers --->
Character devices --->
@@ -89,11 +92,11 @@ driver as a kernel module.
The make process will build the following kernel modules:
- hvcs.ko
- hvcserver.ko
+ - hvcs.ko
+ - hvcserver.ko
To insert the module with the default allocation execute the following
-commands in the order they appear:
+commands in the order they appear::
insmod hvcserver.ko
insmod hvcs.ko
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ be inserted first, otherwise the hvcs module will not find some of the
symbols it expects.
To override the default use an insmod parameter as follows (requesting 4
-tty devices as an example):
+tty devices as an example)::
insmod hvcs.ko hvcs_parm_num_devs=4
@@ -115,31 +118,31 @@ source file before building.
NOTE: The length of time it takes to insmod the driver seems to be related
to the number of tty interfaces the registering driver requests.
-In order to remove the driver module execute the following command:
+In order to remove the driver module execute the following command::
rmmod hvcs.ko
The recommended method for installing hvcs as a module is to use depmod to
build a current modules.dep file in /lib/modules/`uname -r` and then
-execute:
+execute::
-modprobe hvcs hvcs_parm_num_devs=4
+ modprobe hvcs hvcs_parm_num_devs=4
The modules.dep file indicates that hvcserver.ko needs to be inserted
before hvcs.ko and modprobe uses this file to smartly insert the modules in
the proper order.
The following modprobe command is used to remove hvcs and hvcserver in the
-proper order:
+proper order::
-modprobe -r hvcs
+ modprobe -r hvcs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Installation:
+================
The tty layer creates sysfs entries which contain the major and minor
numbers allocated for the hvcs driver. The following snippet of "tree"
-output of the sysfs directory shows where these numbers are presented:
+output of the sysfs directory shows where these numbers are presented::
sys/
|-- *other sysfs base dirs*
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@ output of the sysfs directory shows where these numbers are presented:
|-- *other sysfs base dirs*
For the above examples the following output is a result of cat'ing the
-"dev" entry in the hvcs directory:
+"dev" entry in the hvcs directory::
Pow5:/sys/class/tty/hvcs0/ # cat dev
254:0
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ systems running hvcs will already have the device entries created or udev
will do it automatically.
Given the example output above, to manually create a /dev/hvcs* node entry
-mknod can be used as follows:
+mknod can be used as follows::
mknod /dev/hvcs0 c 254 0
mknod /dev/hvcs1 c 254 1
@@ -195,15 +198,15 @@ Using mknod to manually create the device entries makes these device nodes
persistent. Once created they will exist prior to the driver insmod.
Attempting to connect an application to /dev/hvcs* prior to insertion of
-the hvcs module will result in an error message similar to the following:
+the hvcs module will result in an error message similar to the following::
"/dev/hvcs*: No such device".
NOTE: Just because there is a device node present doesn't mean that there
is a vty-server device configured for that node.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Connection
+=============
Since this driver controls devices that provide a tty interface a user can
interact with the device node entries using any standard tty-interactive
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@ vty-server adapter is associated with which /dev/hvcs* node a special sysfs
attribute has been added to each vty-server sysfs entry. This entry is
called "index" and showing it reveals an integer that refers to the
/dev/hvcs* entry to use to connect to that device. For instance cating the
-index attribute of vty-server adapter 30000004 shows the following.
+index attribute of vty-server adapter 30000004 shows the following::
Pow5:/sys/bus/vio/drivers/hvcs/30000004 # cat index
2
@@ -262,8 +265,8 @@ system the /dev/hvcs* entry that interacts with a particular vty-server
adapter is not guaranteed to remain the same across system reboots. Look
in the Q & A section for more on this issue.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Disconnection
+================
As a security feature to prevent the delivery of stale data to an
unintended target the Power5 system firmware disables the fetching of data
@@ -305,7 +308,7 @@ connection between the vty-server and target vty ONLY if the vterm_state
previously read '1'. The write directive is ignored if the vterm_state
read '0' or if any value other than '0' was written to the vterm_state
attribute. The following example will show the method used for verifying
-the vty-server connection status and disconnecting a vty-server connection.
+the vty-server connection status and disconnecting a vty-server connection::
Pow5:/sys/bus/vio/drivers/hvcs/30000004 # cat vterm_state
1
@@ -318,12 +321,12 @@ the vty-server connection status and disconnecting a vty-server connection.
All vty-server connections are automatically terminated when the device is
hotplug removed and when the module is removed.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Configuration
+================
Each vty-server has a sysfs entry in the /sys/devices/vio directory, which
is symlinked in several other sysfs tree directories, notably under the
-hvcs driver entry, which looks like the following example:
+hvcs driver entry, which looks like the following example::
Pow5:/sys/bus/vio/drivers/hvcs # ls
. .. 30000003 30000004 rescan
@@ -344,7 +347,7 @@ completed or was never executed.
Vty-server entries in this directory are a 32 bit partition unique unit
address that is created by firmware. An example vty-server sysfs entry
-looks like the following:
+looks like the following::
Pow5:/sys/bus/vio/drivers/hvcs/30000004 # ls
. current_vty devspec name partner_vtys
@@ -352,21 +355,21 @@ looks like the following:
Each entry is provided, by default with a "name" attribute. Reading the
"name" attribute will reveal the device type as shown in the following
-example:
+example::
Pow5:/sys/bus/vio/drivers/hvcs/30000003 # cat name
vty-server
Each entry is also provided, by default, with a "devspec" attribute which
reveals the full device specification when read, as shown in the following
-example:
+example::
Pow5:/sys/bus/vio/drivers/hvcs/30000004 # cat devspec
/vdevice/vty-server@30000004
Each vty-server sysfs dir is provided with two read-only attributes that
provide lists of easily parsed partner vty data: "partner_vtys" and
-"partner_clcs".
+"partner_clcs"::
Pow5:/sys/bus/vio/drivers/hvcs/30000004 # cat partner_vtys
30000000
@@ -396,7 +399,7 @@ A vty-server can only be connected to a single vty at a time. The entry,
read.
The current_vty can be changed by writing a valid partner clc to the entry
-as in the following example:
+as in the following example::
Pow5:/sys/bus/vio/drivers/hvcs/30000004 # echo U5112.428.10304
8A-V4-C0 > current_vty
@@ -408,9 +411,9 @@ currently open connection is freed.
Information on the "vterm_state" attribute was covered earlier on the
chapter entitled "disconnection".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Questions & Answers:
-===========================================================================
+=======================
+
Q: What are the security concerns involving hvcs?
A: There are three main security concerns:
@@ -429,6 +432,7 @@ A: There are three main security concerns:
partition) will experience the previously logged in session.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: How do I multiplex a console that I grab through hvcs so that other
people can see it:
@@ -440,6 +444,7 @@ term type "screen" to others. This means that curses based programs may
not display properly in screen sessions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: Why are the colors all messed up?
Q: Why are the control characters acting strange or not working?
Q: Why is the console output all strange and unintelligible?
@@ -455,6 +460,7 @@ disconnect from the console. This will ensure that the next user gets
their own TERM type set when they login.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: When I try to CONNECT kermit to an hvcs device I get:
"Sorry, can't open connection: /dev/hvcs*"What is happening?
@@ -490,6 +496,7 @@ A: There is not a corresponding vty-server device that maps to an existing
/dev/hvcs* entry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: When I try to CONNECT kermit to an hvcs device I get:
"Sorry, write access to UUCP lockfile directory denied."
@@ -497,6 +504,7 @@ A: The /dev/hvcs* entry you have specified doesn't exist where you said it
does? Maybe you haven't inserted the module (on systems with udev).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: If I already have one Linux partition installed can I use hvcs on said
partition to provide the console for the install of a second Linux
partition?
@@ -505,6 +513,7 @@ A: Yes granted that your are connected to the /dev/hvcs* device using
kermit or cu or some other program that doesn't provide terminal emulation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: Can I connect to more than one partition's console at a time using this
driver?
@@ -512,6 +521,7 @@ A: Yes. Of course this means that there must be more than one vty-server
configured for this partition and each must point to a disconnected vty.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: Does the hvcs driver support dynamic (hotplug) addition of devices?
A: Yes, if you have dlpar and hotplug enabled for your system and it has
@@ -519,6 +529,7 @@ been built into the kernel the hvcs drivers is configured to dynamically
handle additions of new devices and removals of unused devices.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: For some reason /dev/hvcs* doesn't map to the same vty-server adapter
after a reboot. What happened?
@@ -533,6 +544,7 @@ on how to determine which vty-server goes with which /dev/hvcs* node.
Hint; look at the sysfs "index" attribute for the vty-server.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Q: Can I use /dev/hvcs* as a conduit to another partition and use a tty
device on that partition as the other end of the pipe?
@@ -554,7 +566,9 @@ read or write to /dev/hvcs*. Now you have a tty conduit between two
partitions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
9. Reporting Bugs:
+==================
The proper channel for reporting bugs is either through the Linux OS
distribution company that provided your OS or by posting issues to the
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/index.rst b/Documentation/powerpc/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1ff17268db46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+:orphan:
+
+=======
+powerpc
+=======
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ bootwrapper
+ cpu_families
+ cpu_features
+ cxl
+ cxlflash
+ dawr-power9
+ dscr
+ eeh-pci-error-recovery
+ firmware-assisted-dump
+ hvcs
+ isa-versions
+ mpc52xx
+ pci_iov_resource_on_powernv
+ pmu-ebb
+ ptrace
+ qe_firmware
+ syscall64-abi
+ transactional_memory
+
+.. only:: subproject and html
+
+ Indices
+ =======
+
+ * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/isa-versions.rst b/Documentation/powerpc/isa-versions.rst
index 66c24140ebf1..a363d8c1603c 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/isa-versions.rst
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/isa-versions.rst
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
-:orphan:
-
+==========================
CPU to ISA Version Mapping
==========================
Mapping of some CPU versions to relevant ISA versions.
-========= ====================
+========= ====================================================================
CPU Architecture version
-========= ====================
+========= ====================================================================
Power9 Power ISA v3.0B
Power8 Power ISA v2.07
Power7 Power ISA v2.06
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ PPC970 - PowerPC User Instruction Set Architecture Book I v2.01
- PowerPC Virtual Environment Architecture Book II v2.01
- PowerPC Operating Environment Architecture Book III v2.01
- Plus Altivec/VMX ~= 2.03
-========= ====================
+========= ====================================================================
Key Features
@@ -60,9 +59,9 @@ Power5 No
PPC970 No
========== ====
-========== ====================
+========== ====================================
CPU Transactional Memory
-========== ====================
+========== ====================================
Power9 Yes (* see transactional_memory.txt)
Power8 Yes
Power7 No
@@ -73,4 +72,4 @@ Power5++ No
Power5+ No
Power5 No
PPC970 No
-========== ====================
+========== ====================================
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx.rst
similarity index 91%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx.rst
index 0d540a31ea1a..8676ac63e077 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx.rst
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
+=============================
Linux 2.6.x on MPC52xx family
------------------------------
+=============================
For the latest info, go to http://www.246tNt.com/mpc52xx/
To compile/use :
- - U-Boot:
+ - U-Boot::
+
# <edit Makefile to set ARCH=ppc & CROSS_COMPILE=... ( also EXTRAVERSION
if you wish to ).
# make lite5200_defconfig
@@ -16,7 +18,8 @@ To compile/use :
=> tftpboot 400000 pRamdisk
=> bootm 200000 400000
- - DBug:
+ - DBug::
+
# <edit Makefile to set ARCH=ppc & CROSS_COMPILE=... ( also EXTRAVERSION
if you wish to ).
# make lite5200_defconfig
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ To compile/use :
DBug> dn -i zImage.initrd.lite5200
-Some remarks :
+Some remarks:
+
- The port is named mpc52xxx, and config options are PPC_MPC52xx. The MGT5100
is not supported, and I'm not sure anyone is interesting in working on it
so. I didn't took 5xxx because there's apparently a lot of 5xxx that have
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.rst
similarity index 97%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.rst
index b55c5cd83f8d..f5a5793e1613 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
+===================================================
+PCI Express I/O Virtualization Resource on Powerenv
+===================================================
+
Wei Yang <weiyang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+
Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@au1.ibm.com>
+
Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
+
26 Aug 2014
This document describes the requirement from hardware for PCI MMIO resource
@@ -10,6 +17,7 @@ Endpoints and the implementation on P8 (IODA2). The next two sections talks
about considerations on enabling SRIOV on IODA2.
1. Introduction to Partitionable Endpoints
+==========================================
A Partitionable Endpoint (PE) is a way to group the various resources
associated with a device or a set of devices to provide isolation between
@@ -35,6 +43,7 @@ is a completely separate HW entity that replicates the entire logic, so has
its own set of PEs, etc.
2. Implementation of Partitionable Endpoints on P8 (IODA2)
+==========================================================
P8 supports up to 256 Partitionable Endpoints per PHB.
@@ -149,6 +158,7 @@ P8 supports up to 256 Partitionable Endpoints per PHB.
sense, but we haven't done it yet.
3. Considerations for SR-IOV on PowerKVM
+========================================
* SR-IOV Background
@@ -224,7 +234,7 @@ P8 supports up to 256 Partitionable Endpoints per PHB.
IODA supports 256 PEs, so segmented windows contain 256 segments, so if
total_VFs is less than 256, we have the situation in Figure 1.0, where
segments [total_VFs, 255] of the M64 window may map to some MMIO range on
- other devices:
+ other devices::
0 1 total_VFs - 1
+------+------+- -+------+------+
@@ -243,7 +253,7 @@ P8 supports up to 256 Partitionable Endpoints per PHB.
Figure 1.0 Direct map VF(n) BAR space
Our current solution is to allocate 256 segments even if the VF(n) BAR
- space doesn't need that much, as shown in Figure 1.1:
+ space doesn't need that much, as shown in Figure 1.1::
0 1 total_VFs - 1 255
+------+------+- -+------+------+- -+------+------+
@@ -269,6 +279,7 @@ P8 supports up to 256 Partitionable Endpoints per PHB.
responds to segments [total_VFs, 255].
4. Implications for the Generic PCI Code
+========================================
The PCIe SR-IOV spec requires that the base of the VF(n) BAR space be
aligned to the size of an individual VF BAR.
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/pmu-ebb.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/pmu-ebb.rst
similarity index 99%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/pmu-ebb.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/pmu-ebb.rst
index 73cd163dbfb8..4f474758eb55 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/pmu-ebb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/pmu-ebb.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+========================
PMU Event Based Branches
========================
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.rst b/Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..864d4b6dddd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+======
+Ptrace
+======
+
+GDB intends to support the following hardware debug features of BookE
+processors:
+
+4 hardware breakpoints (IAC)
+2 hardware watchpoints (read, write and read-write) (DAC)
+2 value conditions for the hardware watchpoints (DVC)
+
+For that, we need to extend ptrace so that GDB can query and set these
+resources. Since we're extending, we're trying to create an interface
+that's extendable and that covers both BookE and server processors, so
+that GDB doesn't need to special-case each of them. We added the
+following 3 new ptrace requests.
+
+1. PTRACE_PPC_GETHWDEBUGINFO
+============================
+
+Query for GDB to discover the hardware debug features. The main info to
+be returned here is the minimum alignment for the hardware watchpoints.
+BookE processors don't have restrictions here, but server processors have
+an 8-byte alignment restriction for hardware watchpoints. We'd like to avoid
+adding special cases to GDB based on what it sees in AUXV.
+
+Since we're at it, we added other useful info that the kernel can return to
+GDB: this query will return the number of hardware breakpoints, hardware
+watchpoints and whether it supports a range of addresses and a condition.
+The query will fill the following structure provided by the requesting process::
+
+ struct ppc_debug_info {
+ unit32_t version;
+ unit32_t num_instruction_bps;
+ unit32_t num_data_bps;
+ unit32_t num_condition_regs;
+ unit32_t data_bp_alignment;
+ unit32_t sizeof_condition; /* size of the DVC register */
+ uint64_t features; /* bitmask of the individual flags */
+ };
+
+features will have bits indicating whether there is support for::
+
+ #define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_INSN_BP_RANGE 0x1
+ #define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_INSN_BP_MASK 0x2
+ #define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_DATA_BP_RANGE 0x4
+ #define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_DATA_BP_MASK 0x8
+ #define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_DATA_BP_DAWR 0x10
+
+2. PTRACE_SETHWDEBUG
+
+Sets a hardware breakpoint or watchpoint, according to the provided structure::
+
+ struct ppc_hw_breakpoint {
+ uint32_t version;
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_EXECUTE 0x1
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_READ 0x2
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_WRITE 0x4
+ uint32_t trigger_type; /* only some combinations allowed */
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT 0x0
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_INCLUSIVE 0x1
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_EXCLUSIVE 0x2
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_MASK 0x3
+ uint32_t addr_mode; /* address match mode */
+
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_MODE 0x3
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE 0x0
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_AND 0x1
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_EXACT 0x1 /* different name for the same thing as above */
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_OR 0x2
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_AND_OR 0x3
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_BE_ALL 0x00ff0000 /* byte enable bits */
+ #define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_BE(n) (1<<((n)+16))
+ uint32_t condition_mode; /* break/watchpoint condition flags */
+
+ uint64_t addr;
+ uint64_t addr2;
+ uint64_t condition_value;
+ };
+
+A request specifies one event, not necessarily just one register to be set.
+For instance, if the request is for a watchpoint with a condition, both the
+DAC and DVC registers will be set in the same request.
+
+With this GDB can ask for all kinds of hardware breakpoints and watchpoints
+that the BookE supports. COMEFROM breakpoints available in server processors
+are not contemplated, but that is out of the scope of this work.
+
+ptrace will return an integer (handle) uniquely identifying the breakpoint or
+watchpoint just created. This integer will be used in the PTRACE_DELHWDEBUG
+request to ask for its removal. Return -ENOSPC if the requested breakpoint
+can't be allocated on the registers.
+
+Some examples of using the structure to:
+
+- set a breakpoint in the first breakpoint register::
+
+ p.version = PPC_DEBUG_CURRENT_VERSION;
+ p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_EXECUTE;
+ p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT;
+ p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE;
+ p.addr = (uint64_t) address;
+ p.addr2 = 0;
+ p.condition_value = 0;
+
+- set a watchpoint which triggers on reads in the second watchpoint register::
+
+ p.version = PPC_DEBUG_CURRENT_VERSION;
+ p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_READ;
+ p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT;
+ p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE;
+ p.addr = (uint64_t) address;
+ p.addr2 = 0;
+ p.condition_value = 0;
+
+- set a watchpoint which triggers only with a specific value::
+
+ p.version = PPC_DEBUG_CURRENT_VERSION;
+ p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_READ;
+ p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT;
+ p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_AND | PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_BE_ALL;
+ p.addr = (uint64_t) address;
+ p.addr2 = 0;
+ p.condition_value = (uint64_t) condition;
+
+- set a ranged hardware breakpoint::
+
+ p.version = PPC_DEBUG_CURRENT_VERSION;
+ p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_EXECUTE;
+ p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_INCLUSIVE;
+ p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE;
+ p.addr = (uint64_t) begin_range;
+ p.addr2 = (uint64_t) end_range;
+ p.condition_value = 0;
+
+- set a watchpoint in server processors (BookS)::
+
+ p.version = 1;
+ p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_RW;
+ p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_INCLUSIVE;
+ or
+ p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT;
+
+ p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE;
+ p.addr = (uint64_t) begin_range;
+ /* For PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_INCLUSIVE addr2 needs to be specified, where
+ * addr2 - addr <= 8 Bytes.
+ */
+ p.addr2 = (uint64_t) end_range;
+ p.condition_value = 0;
+
+3. PTRACE_DELHWDEBUG
+
+Takes an integer which identifies an existing breakpoint or watchpoint
+(i.e., the value returned from PTRACE_SETHWDEBUG), and deletes the
+corresponding breakpoint or watchpoint..
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 99c5ce88d0fe..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/ptrace.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-GDB intends to support the following hardware debug features of BookE
-processors:
-
-4 hardware breakpoints (IAC)
-2 hardware watchpoints (read, write and read-write) (DAC)
-2 value conditions for the hardware watchpoints (DVC)
-
-For that, we need to extend ptrace so that GDB can query and set these
-resources. Since we're extending, we're trying to create an interface
-that's extendable and that covers both BookE and server processors, so
-that GDB doesn't need to special-case each of them. We added the
-following 3 new ptrace requests.
-
-1. PTRACE_PPC_GETHWDEBUGINFO
-
-Query for GDB to discover the hardware debug features. The main info to
-be returned here is the minimum alignment for the hardware watchpoints.
-BookE processors don't have restrictions here, but server processors have
-an 8-byte alignment restriction for hardware watchpoints. We'd like to avoid
-adding special cases to GDB based on what it sees in AUXV.
-
-Since we're at it, we added other useful info that the kernel can return to
-GDB: this query will return the number of hardware breakpoints, hardware
-watchpoints and whether it supports a range of addresses and a condition.
-The query will fill the following structure provided by the requesting process:
-
-struct ppc_debug_info {
- unit32_t version;
- unit32_t num_instruction_bps;
- unit32_t num_data_bps;
- unit32_t num_condition_regs;
- unit32_t data_bp_alignment;
- unit32_t sizeof_condition; /* size of the DVC register */
- uint64_t features; /* bitmask of the individual flags */
-};
-
-features will have bits indicating whether there is support for:
-
-#define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_INSN_BP_RANGE 0x1
-#define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_INSN_BP_MASK 0x2
-#define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_DATA_BP_RANGE 0x4
-#define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_DATA_BP_MASK 0x8
-#define PPC_DEBUG_FEATURE_DATA_BP_DAWR 0x10
-
-2. PTRACE_SETHWDEBUG
-
-Sets a hardware breakpoint or watchpoint, according to the provided structure:
-
-struct ppc_hw_breakpoint {
- uint32_t version;
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_EXECUTE 0x1
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_READ 0x2
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_WRITE 0x4
- uint32_t trigger_type; /* only some combinations allowed */
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT 0x0
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_INCLUSIVE 0x1
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_EXCLUSIVE 0x2
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_MASK 0x3
- uint32_t addr_mode; /* address match mode */
-
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_MODE 0x3
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE 0x0
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_AND 0x1
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_EXACT 0x1 /* different name for the same thing as above */
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_OR 0x2
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_AND_OR 0x3
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_BE_ALL 0x00ff0000 /* byte enable bits */
-#define PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_BE(n) (1<<((n)+16))
- uint32_t condition_mode; /* break/watchpoint condition flags */
-
- uint64_t addr;
- uint64_t addr2;
- uint64_t condition_value;
-};
-
-A request specifies one event, not necessarily just one register to be set.
-For instance, if the request is for a watchpoint with a condition, both the
-DAC and DVC registers will be set in the same request.
-
-With this GDB can ask for all kinds of hardware breakpoints and watchpoints
-that the BookE supports. COMEFROM breakpoints available in server processors
-are not contemplated, but that is out of the scope of this work.
-
-ptrace will return an integer (handle) uniquely identifying the breakpoint or
-watchpoint just created. This integer will be used in the PTRACE_DELHWDEBUG
-request to ask for its removal. Return -ENOSPC if the requested breakpoint
-can't be allocated on the registers.
-
-Some examples of using the structure to:
-
-- set a breakpoint in the first breakpoint register
-
- p.version = PPC_DEBUG_CURRENT_VERSION;
- p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_EXECUTE;
- p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT;
- p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE;
- p.addr = (uint64_t) address;
- p.addr2 = 0;
- p.condition_value = 0;
-
-- set a watchpoint which triggers on reads in the second watchpoint register
-
- p.version = PPC_DEBUG_CURRENT_VERSION;
- p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_READ;
- p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT;
- p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE;
- p.addr = (uint64_t) address;
- p.addr2 = 0;
- p.condition_value = 0;
-
-- set a watchpoint which triggers only with a specific value
-
- p.version = PPC_DEBUG_CURRENT_VERSION;
- p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_READ;
- p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT;
- p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_AND | PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_BE_ALL;
- p.addr = (uint64_t) address;
- p.addr2 = 0;
- p.condition_value = (uint64_t) condition;
-
-- set a ranged hardware breakpoint
-
- p.version = PPC_DEBUG_CURRENT_VERSION;
- p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_EXECUTE;
- p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_INCLUSIVE;
- p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE;
- p.addr = (uint64_t) begin_range;
- p.addr2 = (uint64_t) end_range;
- p.condition_value = 0;
-
-- set a watchpoint in server processors (BookS)
-
- p.version = 1;
- p.trigger_type = PPC_BREAKPOINT_TRIGGER_RW;
- p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_INCLUSIVE;
- or
- p.addr_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_EXACT;
-
- p.condition_mode = PPC_BREAKPOINT_CONDITION_NONE;
- p.addr = (uint64_t) begin_range;
- /* For PPC_BREAKPOINT_MODE_RANGE_INCLUSIVE addr2 needs to be specified, where
- * addr2 - addr <= 8 Bytes.
- */
- p.addr2 = (uint64_t) end_range;
- p.condition_value = 0;
-
-3. PTRACE_DELHWDEBUG
-
-Takes an integer which identifies an existing breakpoint or watchpoint
-(i.e., the value returned from PTRACE_SETHWDEBUG), and deletes the
-corresponding breakpoint or watchpoint..
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.rst
similarity index 95%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.rst
index e7ac24aec4ff..42f5103140c9 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.rst
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
- Freescale QUICC Engine Firmware Uploading
- -----------------------------------------
+=========================================
+Freescale QUICC Engine Firmware Uploading
+=========================================
(c) 2007 Timur Tabi <timur at freescale.com>,
Freescale Semiconductor
-Table of Contents
-=================
+.. Table of Contents
- I - Software License for Firmware
+ I - Software License for Firmware
- II - Microcode Availability
+ II - Microcode Availability
- III - Description and Terminology
+ III - Description and Terminology
- IV - Microcode Programming Details
+ IV - Microcode Programming Details
- V - Firmware Structure Layout
+ V - Firmware Structure Layout
- VI - Sample Code for Creating Firmware Files
+ VI - Sample Code for Creating Firmware Files
Revision Information
====================
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ http://opensource.freescale.com. For other firmware files, please contact
your Freescale representative or your operating system vendor.
III - Description and Terminology
-================================
+=================================
In this document, the term 'microcode' refers to the sequence of 32-bit
integers that compose the actual QE microcode.
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ being fixed in the RAM package utilizing they should be activated. This data
structure signals the microcode which of these virtual traps is active.
This structure contains 6 words that the application should copy to some
-specific been defined. This table describes the structure.
+specific been defined. This table describes the structure::
---------------------------------------------------------------
| Offset in | | Destination Offset | Size of |
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Extended Modes
This is a double word bit array (64 bits) that defines special functionality
which has an impact on the software drivers. Each bit has its own impact
and has special instructions for the s/w associated with it. This structure is
-described in this table:
+described in this table::
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Bit # | Name | Description |
@@ -220,7 +220,8 @@ The 'model' field is a 16-bit number that matches the actual SOC. The
'major' and 'minor' fields are the major and minor revision numbers,
respectively, of the SOC.
-For example, to match the 8323, revision 1.0:
+For example, to match the 8323, revision 1.0::
+
soc.model = 8323
soc.major = 1
soc.minor = 0
@@ -273,10 +274,10 @@ library and available to any driver that calles qe_get_firmware_info().
'reserved'.
After the last microcode is a 32-bit CRC. It can be calculated using
-this algorithm:
+this algorithm::
-u32 crc32(const u8 *p, unsigned int len)
-{
+ u32 crc32(const u8 *p, unsigned int len)
+ {
unsigned int i;
u32 crc = 0;
@@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ u32 crc32(const u8 *p, unsigned int len)
crc = (crc >> 1) ^ ((crc & 1) ? 0xedb88320 : 0);
}
return crc;
-}
+ }
VI - Sample Code for Creating Firmware Files
============================================
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.rst
similarity index 82%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.rst
index fa716a0d88bd..e49f69f941b9 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.rst
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ Power Architecture 64-bit Linux system call ABI
syscall
=======
-syscall calling sequence[*] matches the Power Architecture 64-bit ELF ABI
+syscall calling sequence\ [1]_ matches the Power Architecture 64-bit ELF ABI
specification C function calling sequence, including register preservation
rules, with the following differences.
-[*] Some syscalls (typically low-level management functions) may have
- different calling sequences (e.g., rt_sigreturn).
+.. [1] Some syscalls (typically low-level management functions) may have
+ different calling sequences (e.g., rt_sigreturn).
Parameters and return value
---------------------------
@@ -33,12 +33,14 @@ Register preservation rules
Register preservation rules match the ELF ABI calling sequence with the
following differences:
-r0: Volatile. (System call number.)
-r3: Volatile. (Parameter 1, and return value.)
-r4-r8: Volatile. (Parameters 2-6.)
-cr0: Volatile (cr0.SO is the return error condition)
-cr1, cr5-7: Nonvolatile.
-lr: Nonvolatile.
+=========== ============= ========================================
+r0 Volatile (System call number.)
+r3 Volatile (Parameter 1, and return value.)
+r4-r8 Volatile (Parameters 2-6.)
+cr0 Volatile (cr0.SO is the return error condition)
+cr1, cr5-7 Nonvolatile
+lr Nonvolatile
+=========== ============= ========================================
All floating point and vector data registers as well as control and status
registers are nonvolatile.
@@ -90,9 +92,12 @@ The vsyscall may or may not use the caller's stack frame save areas.
Register preservation rules
---------------------------
-r0: Volatile.
-cr1, cr5-7: Volatile.
-lr: Volatile.
+
+=========== ========
+r0 Volatile
+cr1, cr5-7 Volatile
+lr Volatile
+=========== ========
Invocation
----------
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.rst
similarity index 93%
rename from Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.txt
rename to Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.rst
index 52c023e14f26..09955103acb4 100644
--- a/Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.txt
+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+============================
Transactional Memory support
============================
@@ -17,29 +18,29 @@ instructions are presented to delimit transactions; transactions are
guaranteed to either complete atomically or roll back and undo any partial
changes.
-A simple transaction looks like this:
+A simple transaction looks like this::
-begin_move_money:
- tbegin
- beq abort_handler
+ begin_move_money:
+ tbegin
+ beq abort_handler
- ld r4, SAVINGS_ACCT(r3)
- ld r5, CURRENT_ACCT(r3)
- subi r5, r5, 1
- addi r4, r4, 1
- std r4, SAVINGS_ACCT(r3)
- std r5, CURRENT_ACCT(r3)
+ ld r4, SAVINGS_ACCT(r3)
+ ld r5, CURRENT_ACCT(r3)
+ subi r5, r5, 1
+ addi r4, r4, 1
+ std r4, SAVINGS_ACCT(r3)
+ std r5, CURRENT_ACCT(r3)
- tend
+ tend
- b continue
+ b continue
-abort_handler:
- ... test for odd failures ...
+ abort_handler:
+ ... test for odd failures ...
- /* Retry the transaction if it failed because it conflicted with
- * someone else: */
- b begin_move_money
+ /* Retry the transaction if it failed because it conflicted with
+ * someone else: */
+ b begin_move_money
The 'tbegin' instruction denotes the start point, and 'tend' the end point.
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ Transaction-aware signal handlers can read the transactional register state
from the second ucontext. This will be necessary for crash handlers to
determine, for example, the address of the instruction causing the SIGSEGV.
-Example signal handler:
+Example signal handler::
void crash_handler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *uc)
{
@@ -133,9 +134,9 @@ Example signal handler:
if (ucp_link) {
u64 msr = ucp->uc_mcontext.regs->msr;
/* May have transactional ucontext! */
-#ifndef __powerpc64__
+ #ifndef __powerpc64__
msr |= ((u64)transactional_ucp->uc_mcontext.regs->msr) << 32;
-#endif
+ #endif
if (MSR_TM_ACTIVE(msr)) {
/* Yes, we crashed during a transaction. Oops. */
fprintf(stderr, "Transaction to be restarted at 0x%llx, but "
@@ -176,6 +177,7 @@ Failure cause codes used by kernel
These are defined in <asm/reg.h>, and distinguish different reasons why the
kernel aborted a transaction:
+ ====================== ================================
TM_CAUSE_RESCHED Thread was rescheduled.
TM_CAUSE_TLBI Software TLB invalid.
TM_CAUSE_FAC_UNAV FP/VEC/VSX unavailable trap.
@@ -184,6 +186,7 @@ kernel aborted a transaction:
TM_CAUSE_MISC Currently unused.
TM_CAUSE_ALIGNMENT Alignment fault.
TM_CAUSE_EMULATE Emulation that touched memory.
+ ====================== ================================
These can be checked by the user program's abort handler as TEXASR[0:7]. If
bit 7 is set, it indicates that the error is consider persistent. For example
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ POWER9
======
TM on POWER9 has issues with storing the complete register state. This
-is described in this commit:
+is described in this commit::
commit 4bb3c7a0208fc13ca70598efd109901a7cd45ae7
Author: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 1c9ed0a5a9df..b3746e7b5652 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -4401,7 +4401,7 @@ F: arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/pci-cxl.c
F: drivers/misc/cxl/
F: include/misc/cxl*
F: include/uapi/misc/cxl.h
-F: Documentation/powerpc/cxl.txt
+F: Documentation/powerpc/cxl.rst
F: Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-cxl
CXLFLASH (IBM Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface CAPI Flash) SCSI DRIVER
@@ -4412,7 +4412,7 @@ L: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org
S: Supported
F: drivers/scsi/cxlflash/
F: include/uapi/scsi/cxlflash_ioctl.h
-F: Documentation/powerpc/cxlflash.txt
+F: Documentation/powerpc/cxlflash.rst
CYBERPRO FB DRIVER
M: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
@@ -12208,7 +12208,7 @@ F: Documentation/PCI/pci-error-recovery.rst
F: drivers/pci/pcie/aer.c
F: drivers/pci/pcie/dpc.c
F: drivers/pci/pcie/err.c
-F: Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt
+F: Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.rst
F: arch/powerpc/kernel/eeh*.c
F: arch/powerpc/platforms/*/eeh*.c
F: arch/powerpc/include/*/eeh*.h
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
index 6b86055e5251..aaf2a56bb012 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ EXC_COMMON(trap_0b_common, 0xb00, unknown_exception)
*
* Call convention:
*
- * syscall register convention is in Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.txt
+ * syscall register convention is in Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.rst
*
* For hypercalls, the register convention is as follows:
* r0 volatile
diff --git a/drivers/soc/fsl/qe/qe.c b/drivers/soc/fsl/qe/qe.c
index ba38c4bb2a88..417df7e19281 100644
--- a/drivers/soc/fsl/qe/qe.c
+++ b/drivers/soc/fsl/qe/qe.c
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ static void qe_upload_microcode(const void *base,
/*
* Upload a microcode to the I-RAM at a specific address.
*
- * See Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.txt for information on QE microcode
+ * See Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.rst for information on QE microcode
* uploading.
*
* Currently, only version 1 is supported, so the 'version' field must be
diff --git a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvcs.c b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvcs.c
index cb4db1b3ca3c..5fb214e67d73 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvcs.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvcs.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
* using the 2.6 Linux kernel kref construct.
*
* For direction on installation and usage of this driver please reference
- * Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt.
+ * Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.rst.
*/
#include <linux/device.h>
diff --git a/include/soc/fsl/qe/qe.h b/include/soc/fsl/qe/qe.h
index 3f9d6b6a5691..c1036d16ed03 100644
--- a/include/soc/fsl/qe/qe.h
+++ b/include/soc/fsl/qe/qe.h
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ static inline int qe_alive_during_sleep(void)
/* Structure that defines QE firmware binary files.
*
- * See Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.txt for a description of these
+ * See Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.rst for a description of these
* fields.
*/
struct qe_firmware {
--
2.21.0
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