From: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
To: Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>,
linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org, paulus@samba.org, mpe@ellerman.id.au,
aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com, bsingharora@gmail.com,
dave.hansen@intel.com, hbabu@us.ibm.com
Subject: Re: [RFC v2 11/12]Documentation: Documentation updates.
Date: Tue, 20 Jun 2017 11:48:23 +0530 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <eb2c2bf1-4881-aeb8-1a01-8ba11f69f18a@linux.vnet.ibm.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <1497671564-20030-12-git-send-email-linuxram@us.ibm.com>
On 06/17/2017 09:22 AM, Ram Pai wrote:
> The Documentaton file is moved from x86 into the generic area,
> since this feature is now supported by more than one archs.
>
> Signed-off-by: Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
> ---
> Documentation/vm/protection-keys.txt | 110 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt | 85 --------------------------
I am not sure whether this is a good idea. There might be
specifics for each architecture which need to be detailed
again in this new generic one.
> 2 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)
> create mode 100644 Documentation/vm/protection-keys.txt
> delete mode 100644 Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/vm/protection-keys.txt b/Documentation/vm/protection-keys.txt
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..b49e6bb
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/vm/protection-keys.txt
> @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
> +Memory Protection Keys for Userspace (PKU aka PKEYs) is a CPU feature
> +found in new generation of intel CPUs on PowerPC CPUs.
> +
> +Memory Protection Keys provides a mechanism for enforcing page-based
> +protections, but without requiring modification of the page tables
> +when an application changes protection domains.
Does resultant access through protection keys should be a
subset of the protection bits enabled through original PTE
PROT format ? Does the semantics exactly the same on x86
and powerpc ?
> +
> +
> +On Intel:
> +
> +It works by dedicating 4 previously ignored bits in each page table
> +entry to a "protection key", giving 16 possible keys.
> +
> +There is also a new user-accessible register (PKRU) with two separate
> +bits (Access Disable and Write Disable) for each key. Being a CPU
> +register, PKRU is inherently thread-local, potentially giving each
> +thread a different set of protections from every other thread.
> +
> +There are two new instructions (RDPKRU/WRPKRU) for reading and writing
> +to the new register. The feature is only available in 64-bit mode,
> +even though there is theoretically space in the PAE PTEs. These
> +permissions are enforced on data access only and have no effect on
> +instruction fetches.
> +
> +
> +On PowerPC:
> +
> +It works by dedicating 5 page table entry to a "protection key",
> +giving 32 possible keys.
> +
> +There is a user-accessible register (AMR) with two separate bits
> +(Access Disable and Write Disable) for each key. Being a CPU
> +register, AMR is inherently thread-local, potentially giving each
> +thread a different set of protections from every other thread.
Small nit. Space needed here.
> +NOTE: Disabling read permission does not disable
> +write and vice-versa.
> +
> +The feature is available on 64-bit HPTE mode only.
> +
> +'mtspr 0xd, mem' reads the AMR register
> +'mfspr mem, 0xd' writes into the AMR register.
> +
> +Permissions are enforced on data access only and have no effect on
> +instruction fetches.
> +
> +=========================== Syscalls ===========================
> +
> +There are 3 system calls which directly interact with pkeys:
> +
> + int pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_access_rights)
> + int pkey_free(int pkey);
> + int pkey_mprotect(unsigned long start, size_t len,
> + unsigned long prot, int pkey);
> +
> +Before a pkey can be used, it must first be allocated with
> +pkey_alloc(). An application calls the WRPKRU instruction
> +directly in order to change access permissions to memory covered
> +with a key. In this example WRPKRU is wrapped by a C function
> +called pkey_set().
> +
> + int real_prot = PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
> + pkey = pkey_alloc(0, PKEY_DENY_WRITE);
> + ptr = mmap(NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
> + ret = pkey_mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, real_prot, pkey);
> + ... application runs here
> +
> +Now, if the application needs to update the data at 'ptr', it can
> +gain access, do the update, then remove its write access:
> +
> + pkey_set(pkey, 0); // clear PKEY_DENY_WRITE
> + *ptr = foo; // assign something
> + pkey_set(pkey, PKEY_DENY_WRITE); // set PKEY_DENY_WRITE again
> +
> +Now when it frees the memory, it will also free the pkey since it
> +is no longer in use:
> +
> + munmap(ptr, PAGE_SIZE);
> + pkey_free(pkey);
> +
> +(Note: pkey_set() is a wrapper for the RDPKRU and WRPKRU instructions.
> + An example implementation can be found in
> + tools/testing/selftests/x86/protection_keys.c)
> +
> +=========================== Behavior ===========================
> +
> +The kernel attempts to make protection keys consistent with the
> +behavior of a plain mprotect(). For instance if you do this:
> +
> + mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_NONE);
> + something(ptr);
> +
> +you can expect the same effects with protection keys when doing this:
> +
> + pkey = pkey_alloc(0, PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE | PKEY_DISABLE_READ);
> + pkey_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, pkey);
> + something(ptr);
> +
> +That should be true whether something() is a direct access to 'ptr'
> +like:
> +
> + *ptr = foo;
> +
> +or when the kernel does the access on the application's behalf like
> +with a read():
> +
> + read(fd, ptr, 1);
> +
> +The kernel will send a SIGSEGV in both cases, but si_code will be set
> +to SEGV_PKERR when violating protection keys versus SEGV_ACCERR when
> +the plain mprotect() permissions are violated.
I guess the right thing would be to have three files
* Documentation/vm/protection-keys.txt
- Generic interface, system calls
- Signal handling, error codes
- Semantics of programming with an example
* Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt
- Number of active protections keys inside an address space
- X86 protection key instruction details
- PTE protection bits placement details
- Page fault handling
- Implementation details a bit ?
* Documentation/powerpc/protection-keys.txt
- Number of active protections keys inside an address space
- Powerpc instructions details
- PTE protection bits placement details
- Page fault handling
- Implementation details a bit ?
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2017-06-20 6:18 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 56+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2017-06-17 3:52 [RFC v2 00/12] powerpc: Memory Protection Keys Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 01/12] powerpc: Free up four 64K PTE bits in 4K backed hpte pages Ram Pai
2017-06-20 10:20 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-20 23:23 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-21 5:35 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-21 6:34 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-21 6:41 ` Aneesh Kumar K.V
2017-06-21 9:30 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-22 9:07 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-22 16:20 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 02/12] powerpc: Free up four 64K PTE bits in 64K " Ram Pai
2017-06-20 10:51 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-20 23:25 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-21 6:50 ` Aneesh Kumar K.V
2017-06-21 6:54 ` Aneesh Kumar K.V
2017-06-21 20:14 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 03/12] powerpc: Implement sys_pkey_alloc and sys_pkey_free system call Ram Pai
2017-06-19 12:18 ` Michael Ellerman
2017-06-20 22:45 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 04/12] powerpc: store and restore the pkey state across context switches Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 05/12] powerpc: Implementation for sys_mprotect_pkey() system call Ram Pai
2017-06-21 7:16 ` Aneesh Kumar K.V
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 06/12] powerpc: Program HPTE key protection bits Ram Pai
2017-06-20 8:21 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-20 23:26 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 07/12] powerpc: Macro the mask used for checking DSI exception Ram Pai
2017-06-20 8:14 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-20 23:28 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-21 7:25 ` Aneesh Kumar K.V
2017-06-21 9:17 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 08/12] powerpc: Handle exceptions caused by violation of pkey protection Ram Pai
2017-06-20 7:24 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-20 23:43 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-21 3:54 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-21 6:26 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 09/12] powerpc: Deliver SEGV signal on pkey violation Ram Pai
2017-06-20 6:54 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-20 23:56 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-21 3:18 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-21 6:10 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 10/12] powerpc: Read AMR only if pkey-violation caused the exception Ram Pai
2017-06-19 11:06 ` Michael Ellerman
2017-06-19 17:59 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-20 6:46 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-20 23:58 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-20 23:56 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 11/12]Documentation: Documentation updates Ram Pai
2017-06-20 6:18 ` Anshuman Khandual [this message]
2017-06-21 0:04 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-17 3:52 ` [RFC v2 12/12]selftest: Updated protection key selftest Ram Pai
2017-06-19 11:04 ` Michael Ellerman
2017-06-20 6:26 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-21 0:10 ` Ram Pai
2017-06-20 5:10 ` [RFC v2 00/12] powerpc: Memory Protection Keys Balbir Singh
2017-06-20 6:05 ` Anshuman Khandual
2017-06-20 9:56 ` Benjamin Herrenschmidt
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