[PATCH 0/5] [GIT PULL] x86/jump label: Paranoid checks and 2 or 5 byte nops

[PATCH 0/5] [GIT PULL] x86/jump label: Paranoid checks and 2 or 5 byte nops

[Steven Rostedt]

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Ingo,

I've done some final clean ups of the 2 or 5 byte nop code and I also added
a few generic clean ups of jump label itself. The first 2 patches use the
best nops as defined by Peter when we do not know what the machine is running.

The third patch adds paranoid checks, to make sure what we are modifying
is truely what it expects. Otherwise we bug and crash the kernel
(as recommended by Peter).

The last two patches are the clean up versions of the 2 or 5 byte nops.

Note, there is code in the infrastructure that can be shared among
other users in scripts and elsewhere. I rather get this code in first
and then fiddle with seeing who does what and then integrate all the
code together. As that may not be such an easy task, and I don't want
to post pone this code due to it.

Also, I feel that we can let this code sit for a bit on LKML and let
people comment. If everyone gives there acks, then we can pull this code
in. I already tested it, but if there are acks, I can rebase just to
update the acked-bys.

Please pull (if everyone's OK with it) the latest tip/perf/jump-label tree,
 which can be found at:

  git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace.git
tip/perf/jump-label

Head SHA1: 7837dddecaa7e7f31b732a0c302a4bdd255a8321


Steven Rostedt (5):
      x86/jump-label: Use best default nops for inital jump label calls
      x86/jump-label: Do not bother updating nops if they are correct
      x86/jump-label: Add safety checks to jump label conversions
      jump labels: Add infrastructure to update jump labels at compile time
      jump labels/x86: Use etiher 5 byte or 2 byte jumps

----
 Makefile                          |    7 +
 arch/Kconfig                      |    6 +
 arch/x86/Kconfig                  |    1 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h |    9 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c      |  110 +++++++++++-
 scripts/Makefile                  |    1 +
 scripts/Makefile.build            |   15 ++-
 scripts/update_jump_label.c       |  335 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 scripts/update_jump_label.h       |  208 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 678 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)


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[PATCH 1/5] x86/jump-label: Use best default nops for inital jump label calls

[Steven Rostedt]

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From: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

As specified by H. Peter Anvin, the best nops for x86 without knowing
the running computer is:

32bit:
  0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00

64bit:
  0x0f, 0x1f, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00  also known as P6_NOP5

Currently the default nop that is used by jump label is:

 0xe9 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

Which is really a 5byte jump to the next position.

It's better to use a real nop than a jmp.

Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h |    9 +++++++--
 1 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h
index a32b18c..cefcfd3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h
@@ -3,18 +3,23 @@
 
 #ifdef __KERNEL__
 
+#include <linux/stringify.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <asm/nops.h>
 #include <asm/asm.h>
 
 #define JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE 5
 
-#define JUMP_LABEL_INITIAL_NOP ".byte 0xe9 \n\t .long 0\n\t"
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+# define JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP P6_NOP5
+#else
+# define JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP 0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00
+#endif
 
 static __always_inline bool arch_static_branch(struct jump_label_key *key)
 {
 	asm goto("1:"
-		JUMP_LABEL_INITIAL_NOP
+		".byte " __stringify(JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP) "\n\t"
 		".pushsection __jump_table,  \"aw\" \n\t"
 		_ASM_ALIGN "\n\t"
 		_ASM_PTR "1b, %l[l_yes], %c0 \n\t"
-- 
1.7.8.3



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[PATCH 2/5] x86/jump-label: Do not bother updating nops if they are correct

[Steven Rostedt]

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From: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

On boot up, the jump label init function scans all the jump label locations
and converts them to the best nop for the machine. If the nop is already
the ideal nop, do not bother with changing it.

Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c |   20 +++++++++++++++++++-
 1 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
index ea9d5f2f..0f4c6ba 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
@@ -53,7 +53,25 @@ void arch_jump_label_transform(struct jump_entry *entry,
 void arch_jump_label_transform_static(struct jump_entry *entry,
 				      enum jump_label_type type)
 {
-	__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_early);
+	static int once;
+	static int update;
+
+	/*
+	 * This function is called at boot up and when modules are
+	 * first loaded. Check if the default nop, the one that is
+	 * inserted at compile time, is the ideal nop. If it is, then
+	 * we do not need to update the nop, and we can leave it as is.
+	 * If it is not, then we need to update the nop to the ideal nop.
+	 */
+	if (!once) {
+		unsigned char default_nop[] = { JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP };
+		const unsigned char *ideal_nop = ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5];
+		once++;
+		if (memcmp(ideal_nop, default_nop, 5) != 0)
+			update = 1;
+	}
+	if (update)
+		__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_early);
 }
 
 #endif
-- 
1.7.8.3



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[PATCH 3/5] x86/jump-label: Add safety checks to jump label conversions

[Steven Rostedt]

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From: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

As with all modifying of kernel text, we need to be very paranoid.

When converting the jump label locations to and from nops to jumps
a check has been added to make sure what we are replacing is what we
expect, otherwise we bug.

Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c |   32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
index 0f4c6ba..44f2528 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
@@ -26,16 +26,40 @@ union jump_code_union {
 
 static void __jump_label_transform(struct jump_entry *entry,
 				   enum jump_label_type type,
-				   void *(*poker)(void *, const void *, size_t))
+				   void *(*poker)(void *, const void *, size_t),
+				   int init)
 {
 	union jump_code_union code;
+	const unsigned char *ideal_nop = ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5];
 
 	if (type == JUMP_LABEL_ENABLE) {
+		/*
+		 * We are enabling this jump label. If it is not a nop
+		 * then something must have gone wrong.
+		 */
+		BUG_ON(memcmp((void *)entry->code, ideal_nop, 5) != 0);
+
 		code.jump = 0xe9;
 		code.offset = entry->target -
 				(entry->code + JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE);
-	} else
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We are disabling this jump label. If it is not what
+		 * we think it is, then something must have gone wrong.
+		 * If this is the first initialization call, then we
+		 * are converting the default nop to the ideal nop.
+		 */
+		if (init) {
+			unsigned char default_nop[] = { JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP };
+			BUG_ON(memcmp((void *)entry->code, default_nop, 5) != 0);
+		} else {
+			code.jump = 0xe9;
+			code.offset = entry->target -
+				(entry->code + JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE);
+			BUG_ON(memcmp((void *)entry->code, &code, 5) != 0);
+		}
 		memcpy(&code, ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5], JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE);
+	}
 
 	(*poker)((void *)entry->code, &code, JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE);
 }
@@ -45,7 +69,7 @@ void arch_jump_label_transform(struct jump_entry *entry,
 {
 	get_online_cpus();
 	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
-	__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_smp);
+	__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_smp, 0);
 	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
 	put_online_cpus();
 }
@@ -71,7 +95,7 @@ void arch_jump_label_transform_static(struct jump_entry *entry,
 			update = 1;
 	}
 	if (update)
-		__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_early);
+		__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_early, 1);
 }
 
 #endif
-- 
1.7.8.3



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[PATCH 4/5] jump labels: Add infrastructure to update jump labels at compile time

[Steven Rostedt]

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From: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Add the infrastructure to allow architectures to modify the jump label
locations at compile time. This is mainly for x86, where the jmps may
be either 2 bytes or 5 bytes. Instead of wasting 5 bytes for all jump labels,
this code will let x86 put in a jmp instead of a 5 byte nop. Then the
assembler will make either a 2 byte or 5 byte jmp depending on where
the target is.

At compile time, this code will replace the jmps with either a 2 byte
or 5 byte nop depending on the size of the jmp that was added.

Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 Makefile                    |    7 +
 arch/Kconfig                |    6 +
 scripts/Makefile            |    1 +
 scripts/Makefile.build      |   15 ++-
 scripts/update_jump_label.c |  335 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 scripts/update_jump_label.h |  208 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 570 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 scripts/update_jump_label.c
 create mode 100644 scripts/update_jump_label.h

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index adddd11..2b3fdf3 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -611,6 +611,13 @@ ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
 endif
 endif
 
+ifdef CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL
+	ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_BUILD_TIME_JUMP_LABEL
+		BUILD_UPDATE_JUMP_LABEL := y
+		export BUILD_UPDATE_JUMP_LABEL
+	endif
+endif
+
 # We trigger additional mismatches with less inlining
 ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fno-inline-functions-called-once)
diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig
index 4b0669c..8fa6934 100644
--- a/arch/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/Kconfig
@@ -169,6 +169,12 @@ config HAVE_PERF_EVENTS_NMI
 	  subsystem.  Also has support for calculating CPU cycle events
 	  to determine how many clock cycles in a given period.
 
+config HAVE_BUILD_TIME_JUMP_LABEL
+       bool
+       help
+	If an arch uses scripts/update_jump_label to patch in jump nops
+	at build time, then it must enable this option.
+
 config HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL
 	bool
 
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile b/scripts/Makefile
index df7678f..738b65c 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/Makefile
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ hostprogs-$(CONFIG_LOGO)         += pnmtologo
 hostprogs-$(CONFIG_VT)           += conmakehash
 hostprogs-$(CONFIG_IKCONFIG)     += bin2c
 hostprogs-$(BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT) += recordmcount
+hostprogs-$(BUILD_UPDATE_JUMP_LABEL) += update_jump_label
 
 always		:= $(hostprogs-y) $(hostprogs-m)
 
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.build b/scripts/Makefile.build
index d2b366c..8a84b80 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.build
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.build
@@ -258,6 +258,15 @@ cmd_modversions =								\
 	fi;
 endif
 
+ifdef BUILD_UPDATE_JUMP_LABEL
+update_jump_label_source := $(srctree)/scripts/update_jump_label.c \
+			$(srctree)/scripts/update_jump_label.h
+cmd_update_jump_label =						\
+	if [ $(@) != "scripts/mod/empty.o" ]; then		\
+		$(objtree)/scripts/update_jump_label "$(@)";	\
+	fi;
+endif
+
 ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
 ifdef BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT
 ifeq ("$(origin RECORDMCOUNT_WARN)", "command line")
@@ -294,6 +303,7 @@ define rule_cc_o_c
 	$(cmd_modversions)						  \
 	$(call echo-cmd,record_mcount)					  \
 	$(cmd_record_mcount)						  \
+	$(cmd_update_jump_label)					  \
 	scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ '$(call make-cmd,cc_o_c)' >    \
 	                                              $(dot-target).tmp;  \
 	rm -f $(depfile);						  \
@@ -301,13 +311,14 @@ define rule_cc_o_c
 endef
 
 # Built-in and composite module parts
-$(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c $(recordmcount_source) FORCE
+$(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c $(recordmcount_source) $(update_jump_label_source) FORCE
 	$(call cmd,force_checksrc)
 	$(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)
 
 # Single-part modules are special since we need to mark them in $(MODVERDIR)
 
-$(single-used-m): $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c $(recordmcount_source) FORCE
+$(single-used-m): $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c $(recordmcount_source) \
+		  $(update_jump_label_source) FORCE
 	$(call cmd,force_checksrc)
 	$(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)
 	@{ echo $(@:.o=.ko); echo $@; } > $(MODVERDIR)/$(@F:.o=.mod)
diff --git a/scripts/update_jump_label.c b/scripts/update_jump_label.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d114b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/update_jump_label.c
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/*
+ * update_jump_label.c: replace jmps with nops at compile time.
+ * Copyright 2010 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>, Red Hat Inc.
+ *  Parsing of the elf file was influenced by recordmcount.c
+ *  originally written by and copyright to John F. Reiser <jreiser@BitWagon.com>.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Note, this code is originally designed for x86, but may be used by
+ * other archs to do the nop updates at compile time instead of at boot time.
+ * X86 uses this as an optimization, as jmps can be either 2 bytes or 5 bytes.
+ * Inserting a 2 byte where possible helps with both CPU performance and
+ * icache strain.
+ */
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static int fd_map;	/* File descriptor for file being modified. */
+static struct stat sb;	/* Remember .st_size, etc. */
+static int mmap_failed; /* Boolean flag. */
+
+static void die(const char *err, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	if (err)
+		perror(err);
+
+	if (fmt) {
+		va_start(ap, fmt);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Fatal error:  ");
+		vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+		va_end(ap);
+	}
+
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void usage(char **argv)
+{
+	char *arg = argv[0];
+	char *p = arg + strlen(arg);
+
+	while (p >= arg && *p != '/')
+		p--;
+	p++;
+
+	printf("usage: %s file\n"
+	       "\n", p);
+	exit(-1);
+}
+
+/* w8rev, w8nat, ...: Handle endianness. */
+
+static uint64_t w8rev(uint64_t const x)
+{
+	return   ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (7 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (6 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (2 * 8))) << (5 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (3 * 8))) << (4 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (4 * 8))) << (3 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (5 * 8))) << (2 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (6 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (7 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
+}
+
+static uint32_t w4rev(uint32_t const x)
+{
+	return   ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (3 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (2 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (2 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (3 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
+}
+
+static uint32_t w2rev(uint16_t const x)
+{
+	return   ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
+	       | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
+}
+
+static uint64_t w8nat(uint64_t const x)
+{
+	return x;
+}
+
+static uint32_t w4nat(uint32_t const x)
+{
+	return x;
+}
+
+static uint32_t w2nat(uint16_t const x)
+{
+	return x;
+}
+
+static uint64_t (*w8)(uint64_t);
+static uint32_t (*w)(uint32_t);
+static uint32_t (*w2)(uint16_t);
+
+/* ulseek, uread, ...:  Check return value for errors. */
+
+static off_t
+ulseek(int const fd, off_t const offset, int const whence)
+{
+	off_t const w = lseek(fd, offset, whence);
+	if (w == (off_t)-1)
+		die("lseek", NULL);
+
+	return w;
+}
+
+static size_t
+uread(int const fd, void *const buf, size_t const count)
+{
+	size_t const n = read(fd, buf, count);
+	if (n != count)
+		die("read", NULL);
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+static size_t
+uwrite(int const fd, void const *const buf, size_t const count)
+{
+	size_t const n = write(fd, buf, count);
+	if (n != count)
+		die("write", NULL);
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+static void *
+umalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	void *const addr = malloc(size);
+	if (addr == 0)
+		die("malloc", "malloc failed: %zu bytes\n", size);
+
+	return addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the whole file as a programming convenience in order to avoid
+ * malloc+lseek+read+free of many pieces.  If successful, then mmap
+ * avoids copying unused pieces; else just read the whole file.
+ * Open for both read and write; new info will be appended to the file.
+ * Use MAP_PRIVATE so that a few changes to the in-memory ElfXX_Ehdr
+ * do not propagate to the file until an explicit overwrite at the last.
+ * This preserves most aspects of consistency (all except .st_size)
+ * for simultaneous readers of the file while we are appending to it.
+ * However, multiple writers still are bad.  We choose not to use
+ * locking because it is expensive and the use case of kernel build
+ * makes multiple writers unlikely.
+ */
+static void *mmap_file(char const *fname)
+{
+	void *addr;
+
+	fd_map = open(fname, O_RDWR);
+	if (fd_map < 0 || fstat(fd_map, &sb) < 0)
+		die(fname, "failed to open file");
+
+	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
+		die(NULL, "not a regular file: %s\n", fname);
+
+	addr = mmap(0, sb.st_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE,
+		    fd_map, 0);
+
+	mmap_failed = 0;
+	if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
+		mmap_failed = 1;
+		addr = umalloc(sb.st_size);
+		uread(fd_map, addr, sb.st_size);
+	}
+	return addr;
+}
+
+static void munmap_file(void *addr)
+{
+	if (!mmap_failed)
+		munmap(addr, sb.st_size);
+	else
+		free(addr);
+	close(fd_map);
+}
+
+static unsigned char ideal_nop5_x86_64[5] = { 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00 };
+static unsigned char ideal_nop5_x86_32[5] = { 0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00 };
+static unsigned char ideal_nop2_x86[2] = { 0x66, 0x90 };
+static unsigned char *ideal_nop;
+
+static int (*make_nop)(void *map, size_t const offset);
+
+static int make_nop_x86(void *map, size_t const offset)
+{
+	unsigned char *op;
+	unsigned char *nop;
+	int size;
+
+	/* Determine which type of jmp this is 2 byte or 5. */
+	op = map + offset;
+	switch (*op) {
+	case 0xeb: /* 2 byte */
+		size = 2;
+		nop = ideal_nop2_x86;
+		break;
+	case 0xe9: /* 5 byte */
+		size = 5;
+		nop = ideal_nop;
+		break;
+	default:
+		die(NULL, "Bad jump label section (bad op %x)\n", *op);
+		__builtin_unreachable();
+	}
+
+	/* convert to nop */
+	ulseek(fd_map, offset, SEEK_SET);
+	uwrite(fd_map, nop, size);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* 32 bit and 64 bit are very similar */
+#include "update_jump_label.h"
+#define UPDATE_JUMP_LABEL_64
+#include "update_jump_label.h"
+
+static int do_file(const char *fname)
+{
+	Elf32_Ehdr *const ehdr = mmap_file(fname);
+	unsigned int reltype = 0;
+
+	w = w4nat;
+	w2 = w2nat;
+	w8 = w8nat;
+	switch (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
+		static unsigned int const endian = 1;
+	default:
+		die(NULL, "unrecognized ELF data encoding %d: %s\n",
+			ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA], fname);
+		break;
+	case ELFDATA2LSB:
+		if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian != 1) {
+			/* main() is big endian, file.o is little endian. */
+			w = w4rev;
+			w2 = w2rev;
+			w8 = w8rev;
+		}
+		break;
+	case ELFDATA2MSB:
+		if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian != 0) {
+			/* main() is little endian, file.o is big endian. */
+			w = w4rev;
+			w2 = w2rev;
+			w8 = w8rev;
+		}
+		break;
+	}  /* end switch */
+
+	if (memcmp(ELFMAG, ehdr->e_ident, SELFMAG) != 0 ||
+	    w2(ehdr->e_type) != ET_REL ||
+	    ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT)
+		die(NULL, "unrecognized ET_REL file %s\n", fname);
+
+	switch (w2(ehdr->e_machine)) {
+	default:
+		die(NULL, "unrecognized e_machine %d %s\n",
+		    w2(ehdr->e_machine), fname);
+		break;
+	case EM_386:
+		reltype = R_386_32;
+		make_nop = make_nop_x86;
+		ideal_nop = ideal_nop5_x86_32;
+		break;
+	case EM_ARM:	 reltype = R_ARM_ABS32;
+			 break;
+	case EM_IA_64:	 reltype = R_IA64_IMM64; break;
+	case EM_MIPS:	 /* reltype: e_class    */ break;
+	case EM_PPC:	 reltype = R_PPC_ADDR32;   break;
+	case EM_PPC64:	 reltype = R_PPC64_ADDR64; break;
+	case EM_S390:    /* reltype: e_class    */ break;
+	case EM_SH:	 reltype = R_SH_DIR32;                 break;
+	case EM_SPARCV9: reltype = R_SPARC_64;     break;
+	case EM_X86_64:
+		make_nop = make_nop_x86;
+		ideal_nop = ideal_nop5_x86_64;
+		reltype = R_X86_64_64;
+		break;
+	}  /* end switch */
+
+	switch (ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS]) {
+	default:
+		die(NULL, "unrecognized ELF class %d %s\n",
+		    ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS], fname);
+		break;
+	case ELFCLASS32:
+		if (w2(ehdr->e_ehsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)
+		||  w2(ehdr->e_shentsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Shdr))
+			die(NULL, "unrecognized ET_REL file: %s\n", fname);
+
+		do_func32(ehdr, fname, reltype);
+		break;
+	case ELFCLASS64: {
+		Elf64_Ehdr *const ghdr = (Elf64_Ehdr *)ehdr;
+		if (w2(ghdr->e_ehsize) != sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)
+		||  w2(ghdr->e_shentsize) != sizeof(Elf64_Shdr))
+			die(NULL, "unrecognized ET_REL file: %s\n", fname);
+
+		do_func64(ghdr, fname, reltype);
+		break;
+	}
+	}  /* end switch */
+
+	munmap_file(ehdr);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc != 2)
+		usage(argv);
+
+	return do_file(argv[1]);
+}
+
diff --git a/scripts/update_jump_label.h b/scripts/update_jump_label.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..181bd5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/update_jump_label.h
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+ * update_jump_label.h
+ *
+ * This code was based off of code from recordmcount.c written by
+ * Copyright 2009 John F. Reiser <jreiser@BitWagon.com>.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * The original code had the same algorithms for both 32bit
+ * and 64bit ELF files, but the code was duplicated to support
+ * the difference in structures that were used. This
+ * file creates a macro of everything that is different between
+ * the 64 and 32 bit code, such that by including this header
+ * twice we can create both sets of functions by including this
+ * header once with UPDATE_JUMP_LABEL_64 undefined, and again with
+ * it defined.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2010 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>, Red Hat Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPLv2).
+ */
+
+#undef EBITS
+#undef _w
+
+#ifdef UPDATE_JUMP_LABEL_64
+# define EBITS			64
+# define _w			w8
+#else
+# define EBITS			32
+# define _w			w
+#endif
+
+#define _FBITS(x, e)	x##e
+#define FBITS(x, e)	_FBITS(x, e)
+#define FUNC(x)		FBITS(x, EBITS)
+
+#undef Elf_Ehdr
+#undef Elf_Shdr
+#undef Elf_Rel
+#undef Elf_Rela
+#undef Elf_Sym
+#undef ELF_R_SYM
+#undef ELF_R_TYPE
+
+#define __ATTACH(x, y, z)	x##y##z
+#define ATTACH(x, y, z)		__ATTACH(x, y, z)
+
+#define Elf_Ehdr	ATTACH(Elf, EBITS, _Ehdr)
+#define Elf_Shdr	ATTACH(Elf, EBITS, _Shdr)
+#define Elf_Rel		ATTACH(Elf, EBITS, _Rel)
+#define Elf_Rela	ATTACH(Elf, EBITS, _Rela)
+#define Elf_Sym		ATTACH(Elf, EBITS, _Sym)
+#define uint_t		ATTACH(uint, EBITS, _t)
+#define ELF_R_SYM	ATTACH(ELF, EBITS, _R_SYM)
+#define ELF_R_TYPE	ATTACH(ELF, EBITS, _R_TYPE)
+
+#undef get_shdr
+#define get_shdr(ehdr) ((Elf_Shdr *)(_w((ehdr)->e_shoff) + (void *)(ehdr)))
+
+#undef get_section_loc
+#define get_section_loc(ehdr, shdr)(_w((shdr)->sh_offset) + (void *)(ehdr))
+
+/* Find relocation section hdr for a given section */
+static const Elf_Shdr *
+FUNC(find_relhdr)(const Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, const Elf_Shdr *shdr)
+{
+	const Elf_Shdr *shdr0 = get_shdr(ehdr);
+	int nhdr = w2(ehdr->e_shnum);
+	const Elf_Shdr *hdr;
+	int i;
+
+	for (hdr = shdr0, i = 0; i < nhdr; hdr = &shdr0[++i]) {
+		if (w(hdr->sh_type) != SHT_REL &&
+		    w(hdr->sh_type) != SHT_RELA)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * The relocation section's info field holds
+		 * the section index that it represents.
+		 */
+		if (shdr == &shdr0[w(hdr->sh_info)])
+			return hdr;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Find a section headr based on name and type */
+static const Elf_Shdr *
+FUNC(find_shdr)(const Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, const char *name, uint_t type)
+{
+	const Elf_Shdr *shdr0 = get_shdr(ehdr);
+	const Elf_Shdr *shstr = &shdr0[w2(ehdr->e_shstrndx)];
+	const char *shstrtab = (char *)get_section_loc(ehdr, shstr);
+	int nhdr = w2(ehdr->e_shnum);
+	const Elf_Shdr *hdr;
+	const char *hdrname;
+	int i;
+
+	for (hdr = shdr0, i = 0; i < nhdr; hdr = &shdr0[++i]) {
+		if (w(hdr->sh_type) != type)
+			continue;
+
+		/* If we are just looking for a section by type (ie. SYMTAB) */
+		if (!name)
+			return hdr;
+
+		hdrname = &shstrtab[w(hdr->sh_name)];
+		if (strcmp(hdrname, name) == 0)
+			return hdr;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+FUNC(section_update)(const Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, const Elf_Shdr *symhdr,
+		     unsigned shtype, const Elf_Rel *rel, void *data)
+{
+	const Elf_Shdr *shdr0 = get_shdr(ehdr);
+	const Elf_Shdr *targethdr;
+	const Elf_Rela *rela;
+	const Elf_Sym *syment;
+	uint_t offset = _w(rel->r_offset);
+	uint_t info = _w(rel->r_info);
+	uint_t sym = ELF_R_SYM(info);
+	uint_t type = ELF_R_TYPE(info);
+	uint_t addend;
+	uint_t targetloc;
+
+	if (shtype == SHT_RELA) {
+		rela = (const Elf_Rela *)rel;
+		addend = _w(rela->r_addend);
+	} else
+		addend = _w(*(int *)(data + offset));
+
+	syment = (const Elf_Sym *)get_section_loc(ehdr, symhdr);
+	targethdr = &shdr0[w2(syment[sym].st_shndx)];
+	targetloc = _w(targethdr->sh_offset);
+
+	/* TODO, need a separate function for all archs */
+	if (type != R_386_32)
+		die(NULL, "Arch relocation type %d not supported", type);
+
+	targetloc += addend;
+
+	*(uint_t *)(data + offset) = targetloc;
+}
+
+/* Overall supervision for Elf32 ET_REL file. */
+static void
+FUNC(do_func)(Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, char const *const fname, unsigned const reltype)
+{
+	const Elf_Shdr *jlshdr;
+	const Elf_Shdr *jlrhdr;
+	const Elf_Shdr *symhdr;
+	const Elf_Rel *rel;
+	unsigned size;
+	unsigned cnt;
+	unsigned i;
+	uint_t type;
+	void *jdata;
+	void *data;
+
+	jlshdr = FUNC(find_shdr)(ehdr, "__jump_table", SHT_PROGBITS);
+	if (!jlshdr)
+		return;
+
+	jlrhdr = FUNC(find_relhdr)(ehdr, jlshdr);
+	if (!jlrhdr)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Create and fill in the __jump_table section and use it to
+	 * find the offsets into the text that we want to update.
+	 * We create it so that we do not depend on the order of the
+	 * relocations, and use the table directly, as it is broken
+	 * up into sections.
+	 */
+	size = _w(jlshdr->sh_size);
+	data = umalloc(size);
+
+	jdata = (void *)get_section_loc(ehdr, jlshdr);
+	memcpy(data, jdata, size);
+
+	cnt = _w(jlrhdr->sh_size) / w(jlrhdr->sh_entsize);
+
+	rel = (const Elf_Rel *)get_section_loc(ehdr, jlrhdr);
+
+	/* Is this as Rel or Rela? */
+	type = w(jlrhdr->sh_type);
+
+	symhdr = FUNC(find_shdr)(ehdr, NULL, SHT_SYMTAB);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		FUNC(section_update)(ehdr, symhdr, type, rel, data);
+		rel = (void *)rel + w(jlrhdr->sh_entsize);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This is specific to x86. The jump_table is stored in three
+	 * long words. The first is the location of the jmp target we
+	 * must update.
+	 */
+	cnt = size / sizeof(uint_t);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i += 3)
+		make_nop((void *)ehdr, *(uint_t *)(data + i * sizeof(uint_t)));
+
+	free(data);
+}
-- 
1.7.8.3



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[PATCH 5/5] jump labels/x86: Use etiher 5 byte or 2 byte jumps

[Steven Rostedt]

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From: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Have the jump labels add a "jmp" in the assembly instead
of a default nop. This will cause the assembler to put in
either a 2 byte or 5 byte jmp depending on where the target
lable is.

Then at compile time, the update_jump_label code will replace
the jmps with either 2 or 5 byte nops.

On boot up, the code can be examined to see if the jump label
uses either a 2 or 5 byte nop and replace it.

By allowing the jump labels to be 2 bytes, it speeds up the
nops, not only 2 byte nops are faster than 5 byte nops, but also
because it saves on cache foot print.

   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
13403667 3666856 2998272 20068795 13239bb ../nobackup/mxtest/vmlinux-old
13398536 3666856 2998272 20063664 13225b0 ../nobackup/mxtest/vmlinux-new

Converting the current v3.2 trace points saved 5,131 bytes.
As more places use jump labels, this will have a bigger savings.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
---
 arch/x86/Kconfig                  |    1 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h |    2 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c      |   86 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index efb4294..b5004c1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ config X86
 	select HAVE_ARCH_KMEMCHECK
 	select HAVE_USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER
 	select HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL
+	select HAVE_BUILD_TIME_JUMP_LABEL
 	select HAVE_TEXT_POKE_SMP
 	select HAVE_GENERIC_HARDIRQS
 	select HAVE_SPARSE_IRQ
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h
index cefcfd3..bde5323 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 static __always_inline bool arch_static_branch(struct jump_label_key *key)
 {
 	asm goto("1:"
-		".byte " __stringify(JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP) "\n\t"
+		"jmp %l[l_yes]\n"
 		".pushsection __jump_table,  \"aw\" \n\t"
 		_ASM_ALIGN "\n\t"
 		_ASM_PTR "1b, %l[l_yes], %c0 \n\t"
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
index 44f2528..8abd2a3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
@@ -16,12 +16,21 @@
 
 #ifdef HAVE_JUMP_LABEL
 
+static unsigned char nop_short[] = { P6_NOP2 };
+
+/* These are the nops added at compile time */
+static unsigned char default_nop[] = { JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP };
+
 union jump_code_union {
 	char code[JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE];
 	struct {
 		char jump;
 		int offset;
-	} __attribute__((packed));
+	} __packed;
+	struct {
+		char jump_short;
+		char offset_short;
+	} __packed;
 };
 
 static void __jump_label_transform(struct jump_entry *entry,
@@ -30,18 +39,33 @@ static void __jump_label_transform(struct jump_entry *entry,
 				   int init)
 {
 	union jump_code_union code;
+	unsigned char nop;
+	unsigned char op;
+	unsigned size;
+	void *ip = (void *)entry->code;
 	const unsigned char *ideal_nop = ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5];
 
-	if (type == JUMP_LABEL_ENABLE) {
-		/*
-		 * We are enabling this jump label. If it is not a nop
-		 * then something must have gone wrong.
-		 */
-		BUG_ON(memcmp((void *)entry->code, ideal_nop, 5) != 0);
+	/* Use probe_kernel_read()? */
+	op = *(unsigned char *)ip;
+	nop = ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5][0];
 
-		code.jump = 0xe9;
-		code.offset = entry->target -
-				(entry->code + JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE);
+	if (type == JUMP_LABEL_ENABLE) {
+		if (memcmp(ip, nop_short, 2) == 0) {
+			size = 2;
+			code.jump_short = 0xeb;
+			code.offset = entry->target - (entry->code + 2);
+			/* Check for overflow ? */
+		} else if (memcmp(ip, ideal_nop, 5) == 0) {
+			size = JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE;
+			code.jump = 0xe9;
+			code.offset = entry->target - (entry->code + size);
+		} else
+			/*
+			 * The location is not a nop that we were expecting,
+			 * something went wrong. Crash the box, as something could be
+			 * corrupting the kernel.
+			 */
+			BUG();
 	} else {
 		/*
 		 * We are disabling this jump label. If it is not what
@@ -50,18 +74,44 @@ static void __jump_label_transform(struct jump_entry *entry,
 		 * are converting the default nop to the ideal nop.
 		 */
 		if (init) {
-			unsigned char default_nop[] = { JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP };
-			BUG_ON(memcmp((void *)entry->code, default_nop, 5) != 0);
-		} else {
+			/* Ignore short nops, we do not change them */
+			if (memcmp(ip, nop_short, 2) == 0)
+				return;
+
+			/* We are initializing from the default nop */
+			BUG_ON(memcmp(ip, default_nop, 5) != 0);
+
+			/* Set to the ideal nop */
+			size = JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE;
+			memcpy(&code, ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5], size);
+
+		} else if (op == 0xe9) {
+			/* Replace a 5 byte jmp */
+
+			/* Make sure this is what we expected it to be */
 			code.jump = 0xe9;
 			code.offset = entry->target -
 				(entry->code + JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE);
-			BUG_ON(memcmp((void *)entry->code, &code, 5) != 0);
-		}
-		memcpy(&code, ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5], JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE);
+			BUG_ON(memcmp(ip, &code, 5) != 0);
+
+			size = JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE;
+			memcpy(&code, ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5], size);
+		} else if (op == 0xeb) {
+			/* Replace a 2 byte jmp */
+
+			/* Had better be a 2 byte jmp */
+			code.jump_short = 0xeb;
+			code.offset = entry->target - (entry->code + 2);
+			BUG_ON(memcmp(ip, &code, 2) != 0);
+
+			size = 2;
+			memcpy(&code, nop_short, size);
+		} else
+			/* The code was not what we expected!  */
+			BUG();
 	}
 
-	(*poker)((void *)entry->code, &code, JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE);
+	(*poker)(ip, &code, size);
 }
 
 void arch_jump_label_transform(struct jump_entry *entry,
@@ -88,7 +138,6 @@ void arch_jump_label_transform_static(struct jump_entry *entry,
 	 * If it is not, then we need to update the nop to the ideal nop.
 	 */
 	if (!once) {
-		unsigned char default_nop[] = { JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP };
 		const unsigned char *ideal_nop = ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5];
 		once++;
 		if (memcmp(ideal_nop, default_nop, 5) != 0)
@@ -97,5 +146,4 @@ void arch_jump_label_transform_static(struct jump_entry *entry,
 	if (update)
 		__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_early, 1);
 }
-
 #endif
-- 
1.7.8.3



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Re: [PATCH 1/5] x86/jump-label: Use best default nops for inital jump label calls

[H. Peter Anvin]

On 01/27/2012 12:14 PM, Steven Rostedt wrote:
> 
> #define JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE 5
> 
> -#define JUMP_LABEL_INITIAL_NOP ".byte 0xe9 \n\t .long 0\n\t" 
> +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 +# define JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP P6_NOP5 +#else 
> +# define JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP 0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00 +#endif
> 

Why not just use ASM_NOP5_ATOMIC since you have configuration
available here?

	-hpa

Re: [PATCH 2/5] x86/jump-label: Do not bother updating nops if they are correct

[Andrew Morton]

On Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:14:44 -0500
Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> wrote:

> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
> @@ -53,7 +53,25 @@ void arch_jump_label_transform(struct jump_entry *entry,
>  void arch_jump_label_transform_static(struct jump_entry *entry,
>  				      enum jump_label_type type)
>  {
> -	__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_early);
> +	static int once;
> +	static int update;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * This function is called at boot up and when modules are
> +	 * first loaded. Check if the default nop, the one that is
> +	 * inserted at compile time, is the ideal nop. If it is, then
> +	 * we do not need to update the nop, and we can leave it as is.
> +	 * If it is not, then we need to update the nop to the ideal nop.
> +	 */
> +	if (!once) {
> +		unsigned char default_nop[] = { JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP };

const.  It generates less code.  With my compiler version, at least. 
That was a bit dumb of it, given that memcmp() is declared to take
const args.

> +		const unsigned char *ideal_nop = ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5];
> +		once++;
> +		if (memcmp(ideal_nop, default_nop, 5) != 0)
> +			update = 1;
> +	}
> +	if (update)
> +		__jump_label_transform(entry, type, text_poke_early);
>  }

Re: [PATCH 2/5] x86/jump-label: Do not bother updating nops if they are correct

[Steven Rostedt]

On Fri, 2012-01-27 at 12:34 -0800, Andrew Morton wrote:

> > +	if (!once) {
> > +		unsigned char default_nop[] = { JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP };
> 
> const.  It generates less code.  With my compiler version, at least. 
> That was a bit dumb of it, given that memcmp() is declared to take
> const args.

OK will update,

Thanks!

-- Steve

Re: [PATCH 1/5] x86/jump-label: Use best default nops for inital jump label calls

[Steven Rostedt]

[ Added Michal ]

On Fri, 2012-01-27 at 12:27 -0800, H. Peter Anvin wrote:
> On 01/27/2012 12:14 PM, Steven Rostedt wrote:
> > 
> > #define JUMP_LABEL_NOP_SIZE 5
> > 
> > -#define JUMP_LABEL_INITIAL_NOP ".byte 0xe9 \n\t .long 0\n\t" 
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 +# define JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP P6_NOP5 +#else 
> > +# define JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP 0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00 +#endif
> > 
> 
> Why not just use ASM_NOP5_ATOMIC since you have configuration
> available here?

This eventually needs to match the code in the update_jump_label.c,
otherwise the checks will be incorrect on boot up, and we'll BUG the
kernel.

I need to find a way to get the config options of the kernel into the
compiling of the update_jump_label.c. Then I could use the nops.h file
with the set configs.

Michal, can we get host tools to compile with the configs set by
the .config file?

update_jump_label.c is built just like recordmcount.c is. It would be
great if it could be compiled with the same config.h defines as the
kernel is. That way I can make it (and even recordmcount.c) customize to
the type of kernel that is being built.

Then again, it would also need to be part of the dependencies that are
done with configs.

If not, at the very least, I'll add a comment (in the last patch) that
explains why we use our own "JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP" instead of
ASM_NOP5_ATOMIC.

-- Steve

Re: [PATCH 1/5] x86/jump-label: Use best default nops for inital jump label calls

[H. Peter Anvin]

On 01/27/2012 12:49 PM, Steven Rostedt wrote:
> 
> If not, at the very least, I'll add a comment (in the last patch) that
> explains why we use our own "JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP" instead of
> ASM_NOP5_ATOMIC.
> 

Then at least use GENERIC_NOP5_ATOMIC instead of open-coding it.

	-hpa

Re: [PATCH 1/5] x86/jump-label: Use best default nops for inital jump label calls

[Steven Rostedt]

On Fri, 2012-01-27 at 12:50 -0800, H. Peter Anvin wrote:
> On 01/27/2012 12:49 PM, Steven Rostedt wrote:
> > 
> > If not, at the very least, I'll add a comment (in the last patch) that
> > explains why we use our own "JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP" instead of
> > ASM_NOP5_ATOMIC.
> > 
> 
> Then at least use GENERIC_NOP5_ATOMIC instead of open-coding it.

OK, I can do that. Hehe, I looked for the x86_32 version, but it was so
obfuscated that I didn't find it. Thanks for pointing it out.

-- Steve

Re: [PATCH 5/5] jump labels/x86: Use etiher 5 byte or 2 byte jumps

[Steven Rostedt]

On Fri, 2012-01-27 at 15:14 -0500, Steven Rostedt wrote:
> +static unsigned char nop_short[] = { P6_NOP2 };
> +
> +/* These are the nops added at compile time */
> +static unsigned char default_nop[] = { JUMP_LABEL_INIT_NOP };
> +
> 
Andrew,

I also made the above two into static const. Just so you know ;-)

-- Steve

Re: [PATCH 1/5] x86/jump-label: Use best default nops for inital jump label calls

[Michal Marek]

On 27.1.2012 21:49, Steven Rostedt wrote:
> I need to find a way to get the config options of the kernel into the
> compiling of the update_jump_label.c. Then I could use the nops.h file
> with the set configs.

You can do a #include "../include/generated/autoconf.h" and you will get
the CONFIG_ definitions.


> Michal, can we get host tools to compile with the configs set by
> the .config file?

Yeah, we should simply compile all the host tools with autoconf.h and
kconfig.h included. The idea behind not doing this probably was that a
single scripts/ directory should work with multiple kernel
configurations, but this is obviously not the case.

Michal