[PATCH v9 0/8] Reduce cross CPU IPI interference

[PATCH v9 0/8] Reduce cross CPU IPI interference

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

We have lots of infrastructure in place to partition multi-core systems
such that we have a group of CPUs that are dedicated to specific task:
cgroups, scheduler and interrupt affinity, and cpuisol= boot parameter.
Still, kernel code will at times interrupt all CPUs in the system via IPIs
for various needs. These IPIs are useful and cannot be avoided altogether,
but in certain cases it is possible to interrupt only specific CPUs that
have useful work to do and not the entire system.

This patch set, inspired by discussions with Peter Zijlstra and Frederic
Weisbecker when testing the nohz task patch set, is a first stab at trying
to explore doing this by locating the places where such global IPI calls
are being made and turning the global IPI into an IPI for a specific group
of CPUs.  The purpose of the patch set is to get feedback if this is the
right way to go for dealing with this issue and indeed, if the issue is
even worth dealing with at all. Based on the feedback from this patch set
I plan to offer further patches that address similar issue in other code
paths.

The patch creates an on_each_cpu_mask and on_each_cpu_cond infrastructure
API (the former derived from existing arch specific versions in Tile and
Arm) and uses them to turn several global IPI invocation to per CPU
group invocations.

This 9th iteration includes comment clarifications (1st and 4th patches) 
and folds in a fix from Andrew Morton for macro parameter handling in UP 
version of on_each_cpu_cond()

The patch set also available from the ipi_noise_v9 branch at
git://github.com/gby/linux.git

Merge notes: during merge, kindly squash the first three patches to avoid
bisect failures. The last patch in the series is a review helper only.
Please do not merge it.

Gilad Ben-Yossef (8):
  smp: introduce a generic on_each_cpu_mask function
  arm: move arm over to generic on_each_cpu_mask
  tile: move tile to use generic on_each_cpu_mask
  smp: add func to IPI cpus based on parameter func
  slub: only IPI CPUs that have per cpu obj to flush
  fs: only send IPI to invalidate LRU BH when needed
  mm: only IPI CPUs to drain local pages if they exist
  mm: add vmstat counters for tracking PCP drains

 arch/arm/kernel/smp_tlb.c     |   20 ++-------
 arch/tile/include/asm/smp.h   |    7 ---
 arch/tile/kernel/smp.c        |   19 ---------
 fs/buffer.c                   |   15 ++++++-
 include/linux/smp.h           |   47 +++++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/vm_event_item.h |    1 +
 kernel/smp.c                  |   91 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 mm/page_alloc.c               |   45 +++++++++++++++++++-
 mm/slub.c                     |   10 ++++-
 mm/vmstat.c                   |    2 +
 10 files changed, 212 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

[PATCH v9 1/8] smp: introduce a generic on_each_cpu_mask function

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

on_each_cpu_mask calls a function on processors specified by
cpumask, which may or may not include the local processor.

You must not call this function with disabled interrupts or
from a hardware interrupt handler or from a bottom half handler.

Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
CC: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
CC: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-mm@kvack.org
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
CC: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
CC: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
CC: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
CC: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
---
 include/linux/smp.h |   22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/smp.c        |   29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/smp.h b/include/linux/smp.h
index 8cc38d3..d0adb78 100644
--- a/include/linux/smp.h
+++ b/include/linux/smp.h
@@ -102,6 +102,13 @@ static inline void call_function_init(void) { }
 int on_each_cpu(smp_call_func_t func, void *info, int wait);
 
 /*
+ * Call a function on processors specified by mask, which might include
+ * the local one.
+ */
+void on_each_cpu_mask(const struct cpumask *mask, smp_call_func_t func,
+		void *info, bool wait);
+
+/*
  * Mark the boot cpu "online" so that it can call console drivers in
  * printk() and can access its per-cpu storage.
  */
@@ -132,6 +139,21 @@ static inline int up_smp_call_function(smp_call_func_t func, void *info)
 		local_irq_enable();		\
 		0;				\
 	})
+/*
+ * Note we still need to test the mask even for UP
+ * because we actually can get an empty mask from
+ * code that on SMP might call us without the local
+ * CPU in the mask.
+ */
+#define on_each_cpu_mask(mask, func, info, wait) \
+	do {						\
+		if (cpumask_test_cpu(0, (mask))) {	\
+			local_irq_disable();		\
+			(func)(info);			\
+			local_irq_enable();		\
+		}					\
+	} while (0)
+
 static inline void smp_send_reschedule(int cpu) { }
 #define num_booting_cpus()			1
 #define smp_prepare_boot_cpu()			do {} while (0)
diff --git a/kernel/smp.c b/kernel/smp.c
index db197d6..a081e6c 100644
--- a/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/kernel/smp.c
@@ -701,3 +701,32 @@ int on_each_cpu(void (*func) (void *info), void *info, int wait)
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(on_each_cpu);
+
+/**
+ * on_each_cpu_mask(): Run a function on processors specified by
+ * cpumask, which may include the local processor.
+ * @mask: The set of cpus to run on (only runs on online subset).
+ * @func: The function to run. This must be fast and non-blocking.
+ * @info: An arbitrary pointer to pass to the function.
+ * @wait: If true, wait (atomically) until function has completed
+ *        on other CPUs.
+ *
+ * If @wait is true, then returns once @func has returned.
+ *
+ * You must not call this function with disabled interrupts or
+ * from a hardware interrupt handler or from a bottom half handler.
+ */
+void on_each_cpu_mask(const struct cpumask *mask, smp_call_func_t func,
+			void *info, bool wait)
+{
+	int cpu = get_cpu();
+
+	smp_call_function_many(mask, func, info, wait);
+	if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, mask)) {
+		local_irq_disable();
+		func(info);
+		local_irq_enable();
+	}
+	put_cpu();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(on_each_cpu_mask);
-- 
1.7.0.4

[PATCH v9 2/8] arm: move arm over to generic on_each_cpu_mask

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

Note that the generic version is a little different then the Arm one:

1. It has the mask as first parameter
2. It calls the function on the calling CPU with interrupts disabled,
   but this should be OK since the function is called on the other CPUs
   with interrupts disabled anyway.

Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
CC: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
CC: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
CC: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
CC: linux-mm@kvack.org
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
CC: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
CC: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
CC: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
CC: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
---
 arch/arm/kernel/smp_tlb.c |   20 +++++---------------
 1 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/smp_tlb.c b/arch/arm/kernel/smp_tlb.c
index 7dcb352..02c5d2c 100644
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/smp_tlb.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/smp_tlb.c
@@ -13,18 +13,6 @@
 #include <asm/smp_plat.h>
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 
-static void on_each_cpu_mask(void (*func)(void *), void *info, int wait,
-	const struct cpumask *mask)
-{
-	preempt_disable();
-
-	smp_call_function_many(mask, func, info, wait);
-	if (cpumask_test_cpu(smp_processor_id(), mask))
-		func(info);
-
-	preempt_enable();
-}
-
 /**********************************************************************/
 
 /*
@@ -87,7 +75,7 @@ void flush_tlb_all(void)
 void flush_tlb_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
 {
 	if (tlb_ops_need_broadcast())
-		on_each_cpu_mask(ipi_flush_tlb_mm, mm, 1, mm_cpumask(mm));
+		on_each_cpu_mask(mm_cpumask(mm), ipi_flush_tlb_mm, mm, 1);
 	else
 		local_flush_tlb_mm(mm);
 }
@@ -98,7 +86,8 @@ void flush_tlb_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long uaddr)
 		struct tlb_args ta;
 		ta.ta_vma = vma;
 		ta.ta_start = uaddr;
-		on_each_cpu_mask(ipi_flush_tlb_page, &ta, 1, mm_cpumask(vma->vm_mm));
+		on_each_cpu_mask(mm_cpumask(vma->vm_mm), ipi_flush_tlb_page,
+					&ta, 1);
 	} else
 		local_flush_tlb_page(vma, uaddr);
 }
@@ -121,7 +110,8 @@ void flush_tlb_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		ta.ta_vma = vma;
 		ta.ta_start = start;
 		ta.ta_end = end;
-		on_each_cpu_mask(ipi_flush_tlb_range, &ta, 1, mm_cpumask(vma->vm_mm));
+		on_each_cpu_mask(mm_cpumask(vma->vm_mm), ipi_flush_tlb_range,
+					&ta, 1);
 	} else
 		local_flush_tlb_range(vma, start, end);
 }
-- 
1.7.0.4

[PATCH v9 3/8] tile: move tile to use generic on_each_cpu_mask

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

The API is the same as the tile private one, but the generic version
also calls the function on the with interrupts disabled in UP case

This is OK since the function is called on the other CPUs
with interrupts disabled.

Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
CC: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
CC: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-mm@kvack.org
CC: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
CC: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
CC: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
CC: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
---
 arch/tile/include/asm/smp.h |    7 -------
 arch/tile/kernel/smp.c      |   19 -------------------
 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/tile/include/asm/smp.h b/arch/tile/include/asm/smp.h
index 532124a..1aa759a 100644
--- a/arch/tile/include/asm/smp.h
+++ b/arch/tile/include/asm/smp.h
@@ -43,10 +43,6 @@ void evaluate_message(int tag);
 /* Boot a secondary cpu */
 void online_secondary(void);
 
-/* Call a function on a specified set of CPUs (may include this one). */
-extern void on_each_cpu_mask(const struct cpumask *mask,
-			     void (*func)(void *), void *info, bool wait);
-
 /* Topology of the supervisor tile grid, and coordinates of boot processor */
 extern HV_Topology smp_topology;
 
@@ -91,9 +87,6 @@ void print_disabled_cpus(void);
 
 #else /* !CONFIG_SMP */
 
-#define on_each_cpu_mask(mask, func, info, wait)		\
-  do { if (cpumask_test_cpu(0, (mask))) func(info); } while (0)
-
 #define smp_master_cpu		0
 #define smp_height		1
 #define smp_width		1
diff --git a/arch/tile/kernel/smp.c b/arch/tile/kernel/smp.c
index c52224d..a44e103 100644
--- a/arch/tile/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/arch/tile/kernel/smp.c
@@ -87,25 +87,6 @@ void send_IPI_allbutself(int tag)
 	send_IPI_many(&mask, tag);
 }
 
-
-/*
- * Provide smp_call_function_mask, but also run function locally
- * if specified in the mask.
- */
-void on_each_cpu_mask(const struct cpumask *mask, void (*func)(void *),
-		      void *info, bool wait)
-{
-	int cpu = get_cpu();
-	smp_call_function_many(mask, func, info, wait);
-	if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, mask)) {
-		local_irq_disable();
-		func(info);
-		local_irq_enable();
-	}
-	put_cpu();
-}
-
-
 /*
  * Functions related to starting/stopping cpus.
  */
-- 
1.7.0.4

[PATCH v9 4/8] smp: add func to IPI cpus based on parameter func

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

Add the on_each_cpu_cond() function that wraps on_each_cpu_mask()
and calculates the cpumask of cpus to IPI by calling a function supplied
as a parameter in order to determine whether to IPI each specific cpu.

The function works around allocation failure of cpumask variable in
CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y by itereating over cpus sending an IPI a
time via smp_call_function_single().

The function is useful since it allows to seperate the specific
code that decided in each case whether to IPI a specific cpu for
a specific request from the common boilerplate code of handling
creating the mask, handling failures etc.

Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Reviewed-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
CC: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
CC: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-mm@kvack.org
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
CC: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
CC: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
CC: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
CC: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
---
 include/linux/smp.h |   25 ++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/smp.c        |   62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/smp.h b/include/linux/smp.h
index d0adb78..46e2267 100644
--- a/include/linux/smp.h
+++ b/include/linux/smp.h
@@ -109,6 +109,15 @@ void on_each_cpu_mask(const struct cpumask *mask, smp_call_func_t func,
 		void *info, bool wait);
 
 /*
+ * Call a function on each processor for which the supplied function
+ * cond_func returns a positive value. This may include the local
+ * processor.
+ */
+void on_each_cpu_cond(bool (*cond_func)(int cpu, void *info),
+		smp_call_func_t func, void *info, bool wait,
+		gfp_t gfp_flags);
+
+/*
  * Mark the boot cpu "online" so that it can call console drivers in
  * printk() and can access its per-cpu storage.
  */
@@ -153,6 +162,22 @@ static inline int up_smp_call_function(smp_call_func_t func, void *info)
 			local_irq_enable();		\
 		}					\
 	} while (0)
+/*
+ * Preemption is disabled here to make sure the
+ * cond_func is called under the same condtions in UP
+ * and SMP.
+ */
+#define on_each_cpu_cond(cond_func, func, info, wait, gfp_flags) \
+	do {
+		void *__info = (info);			\
+		preempt_disable();			\
+		if ((cond_func)(0, __info)) {		\
+			local_irq_disable();		\
+			(func)(__info);			\
+			local_irq_enable();		\
+		}					\
+		preempt_enable();			\
+	} while (0)
 
 static inline void smp_send_reschedule(int cpu) { }
 #define num_booting_cpus()			1
diff --git a/kernel/smp.c b/kernel/smp.c
index a081e6c..893e588 100644
--- a/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/kernel/smp.c
@@ -730,3 +730,65 @@ void on_each_cpu_mask(const struct cpumask *mask, smp_call_func_t func,
 	put_cpu();
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(on_each_cpu_mask);
+
+/*
+ * on_each_cpu_cond(): Call a function on each processor for which
+ * the supplied function cond_func returns true, optionally waiting
+ * for all the required CPUs to finish. This may include the local
+ * processor.
+ * @cond_func:	A callback function that is passed a cpu id and
+ *		the the info parameter. The function is called
+ *		with preemption disabled. The function should
+ *		return a blooean value indicating whether to IPI
+ *		the specified CPU.
+ * @func:	The function to run on all applicable CPUs.
+ *		This must be fast and non-blocking.
+ * @info:	An arbitrary pointer to pass to both functions.
+ * @wait:	If true, wait (atomically) until function has
+ *		completed on other CPUs.
+ * @gfp_flags:	GFP flags to use when allocating the cpumask
+ *		used internally by the function.
+ *
+ * The function might sleep if the GFP flags indicates a non
+ * atomic allocation is allowed.
+ *
+ * Preemption is disabled to protect against CPU going offline but not
+ * online. CPUs going online during the call will not be seen or sent
+ * an IPI.
+ *
+ * You must not call this function with disabled interrupts or
+ * from a hardware interrupt handler or from a bottom half handler.
+ */
+void on_each_cpu_cond(bool (*cond_func)(int cpu, void *info),
+			smp_call_func_t func, void *info, bool wait,
+			gfp_t gfp_flags)
+{
+	cpumask_var_t cpus;
+	int cpu, ret;
+
+	might_sleep_if(gfp_flags & __GFP_WAIT);
+
+	if (likely(zalloc_cpumask_var(&cpus, (gfp_flags|__GFP_NOWARN)))) {
+		preempt_disable();
+		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+			if (cond_func(cpu, info))
+				cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, cpus);
+		on_each_cpu_mask(cpus, func, info, wait);
+		preempt_enable();
+		free_cpumask_var(cpus);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * No free cpumask, bother. No matter, we'll
+		 * just have to IPI them one by one.
+		 */
+		preempt_disable();
+		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+			if (cond_func(cpu, info)) {
+				ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, func,
+								info, wait);
+				WARN_ON_ONCE(!ret);
+			}
+		preempt_enable();
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(on_each_cpu_cond);
-- 
1.7.0.4

[PATCH v9 5/8] slub: only IPI CPUs that have per cpu obj to flush

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

flush_all() is called for each kmem_cahce_destroy(). So every cache
being destroyed dynamically ends up sending an IPI to each CPU in the
system, regardless if the cache has ever been used there.

For example, if you close the Infinband ipath driver char device file,
the close file ops calls kmem_cache_destroy(). So running some
infiniband config tool on one a single CPU dedicated to system tasks
might interrupt the rest of the 127 CPUs dedicated to some CPU
intensive or latency sensitive task.

I suspect there is a good chance that every line in the output of "git
grep kmem_cache_destroy linux/ | grep '\->'" has a similar scenario.

This patch attempts to rectify this issue by sending an IPI to flush
the per cpu objects back to the free lists only to CPUs that seem to
have such objects.

The check which CPU to IPI is racy but we don't care since asking a
CPU without per cpu objects to flush does no damage and as far as I
can tell the flush_all by itself is racy against allocs on remote
CPUs anyway, so if you required the flush_all to be determinstic, you
had to arrange for locking regardless.

Without this patch the following artificial test case:

$ cd /sys/kernel/slab
$ for DIR in *; do cat $DIR/alloc_calls > /dev/null; done

produces 166 IPIs on an cpuset isolated CPU. With it it produces none.

The code path of memory allocation failure for CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y
config was tested using fault injection framework.

Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
CC: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
CC: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-mm@kvack.org
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
CC: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
CC: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
CC: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
CC: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
CC: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
---
 mm/slub.c |   10 +++++++++-
 1 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/slub.c b/mm/slub.c
index 4907563..3d75f89 100644
--- a/mm/slub.c
+++ b/mm/slub.c
@@ -2018,9 +2018,17 @@ static void flush_cpu_slab(void *d)
 	__flush_cpu_slab(s, smp_processor_id());
 }
 
+static bool has_cpu_slab(int cpu, void *info)
+{
+	struct kmem_cache *s = info;
+	struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = per_cpu_ptr(s->cpu_slab, cpu);
+
+	return !!(c->page);
+}
+
 static void flush_all(struct kmem_cache *s)
 {
-	on_each_cpu(flush_cpu_slab, s, 1);
+	on_each_cpu_cond(has_cpu_slab, flush_cpu_slab, s, 1, GFP_ATOMIC);
 }
 
 /*
-- 
1.7.0.4

[PATCH v9 6/8] fs: only send IPI to invalidate LRU BH when needed

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

In several code paths, such as when unmounting a file system (but
not only) we send an IPI to ask each cpu to invalidate its local
LRU BHs.

For multi-cores systems that have many cpus that may not have
any LRU BH because they are idle or because they have not performed
any file system accesses since last invalidation (e.g. CPU crunching
on high perfomance computing nodes that write results to shared
memory or only using filesystems that do not use the bh layer.)
This can lead to loss of performance each time someone switches
the KVM (the virtual keyboard and screen type, not the hypervisor)
if it has a USB storage stuck in.

This patch attempts to only send an IPI to cpus that have LRU BH.

Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
CC: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
CC: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-mm@kvack.org
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
CC: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
CC: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
CC: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
CC: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
CC: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
CC: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
 fs/buffer.c |   15 ++++++++++++++-
 1 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/buffer.c b/fs/buffer.c
index 1a30db7..baa075e 100644
--- a/fs/buffer.c
+++ b/fs/buffer.c
@@ -1384,10 +1384,23 @@ static void invalidate_bh_lru(void *arg)
 	}
 	put_cpu_var(bh_lrus);
 }
+
+static bool has_bh_in_lru(int cpu, void *dummy)
+{
+	struct bh_lru *b = per_cpu_ptr(&bh_lrus, cpu);
+	int i;
 	
+	for (i = 0; i < BH_LRU_SIZE; i++) {
+		if (b->bhs[i])
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void invalidate_bh_lrus(void)
 {
-	on_each_cpu(invalidate_bh_lru, NULL, 1);
+	on_each_cpu_cond(has_bh_in_lru, invalidate_bh_lru, NULL, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(invalidate_bh_lrus);
 
-- 
1.7.0.4

[PATCH v9 7/8] mm: only IPI CPUs to drain local pages if they exist

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

Calculate a cpumask of CPUs with per-cpu pages in any zone
and only send an IPI requesting CPUs to drain these pages
to the buddy allocator if they actually have pages when
asked to flush.

This patch saves 85%+ of IPIs asking to drain per-cpu
pages in case of severe memory preassure that leads
to OOM since in these cases multiple, possibly concurrent,
allocation requests end up in the direct reclaim code
path so when the per-cpu pages end up reclaimed on first
allocation failure for most of the proceeding allocation
attempts until the memory pressure is off (possibly via
the OOM killer) there are no per-cpu pages on most CPUs
(and there can easily be hundreds of them).

This also has the side effect of shortening the average
latency of direct reclaim by 1 or more order of magnitude
since waiting for all the CPUs to ACK the IPI takes a
long time.

Tested by running "hackbench 400" on a 8 CPU x86 VM and
observing the difference between the number of direct
reclaim attempts that end up in drain_all_pages() and
those were more then 1/2 of the online CPU had any per-cpu
page in them, using the vmstat counters introduced
in the next patch in the series and using proc/interrupts.

In the test sceanrio, this was seen to save around 3600 global
IPIs after trigerring an OOM on a concurrent workload:

$ cat /proc/vmstat | tail -n 2
pcp_global_drain 0
pcp_global_ipi_saved 0

$ cat /proc/interrupts | grep CAL
CAL:          1          2          1          2
          2          2          2          2   Function call interrupts

$ hackbench 400
[OOM messages snipped]

$ cat /proc/vmstat | tail -n 2
pcp_global_drain 3647
pcp_global_ipi_saved 3642

$ cat /proc/interrupts | grep CAL
CAL:          6         13          6          3
          3          3         1 2          7   Function call interrupts

Please note that if the global drain is removed from the
direct reclaim path as a patch from Mel Gorman currently
suggests this should be replaced with an on_each_cpu_cond
invocation.

Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
CC: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
CC: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-mm@kvack.org
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
CC: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
CC: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
CC: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
CC: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c |   40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index d2186ec..3a2fc84 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -1161,11 +1161,47 @@ void drain_local_pages(void *arg)
 }
 
 /*
- * Spill all the per-cpu pages from all CPUs back into the buddy allocator
+ * Spill all the per-cpu pages from all CPUs back into the buddy allocator.
+ *
+ * Note that this code is protected against sending an IPI to an offline
+ * CPU but does not guarantee sending an IPI to newly hotplugged CPUs:
+ * on_each_cpu_mask() blocks hotplug and won't talk to offlined CPUs but
+ * nothing keeps CPUs from showing up after we populated the cpumask and
+ * before the call to on_each_cpu_mask().
  */
 void drain_all_pages(void)
 {
-	on_each_cpu(drain_local_pages, NULL, 1);
+	int cpu;
+	struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp;
+	struct zone *zone;
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate in the BSS so we wont require allocation in
+	 * direct reclaim path for CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y
+	 */
+	static cpumask_t cpus_with_pcps;
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't care about racing with CPU hotplug event
+	 * as offline notification will cause the notified
+	 * cpu to drain that CPU pcps and on_each_cpu_mask
+	 * disables preemption as part of its processing
+	 */
+	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+		bool has_pcps = false;
+		for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
+			pcp = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);
+			if (pcp->pcp.count) {
+				has_pcps = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (has_pcps)
+			cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &cpus_with_pcps);
+		else
+			cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &cpus_with_pcps);
+	}
+	on_each_cpu_mask(&cpus_with_pcps, drain_local_pages, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
-- 
1.7.0.4

[PATCH v9 8/8] mm: add vmstat counters for tracking PCP drains

[Gilad Ben-Yossef]

This patch introduces two new vmstat counters for testing purposes:
pcp_global_drain that counts the number of times a per-cpu pages
global drain was requested and pcp_global_ipi_saved that counts
the number of times the number of CPUs with per-cpu pages in any
zone were less then 1/2 of the number of online CPUs.

The patch purpose is to show the usefulness of only sending an IPI
asking to drain per-cpu pages to CPUs that actually have them
instead of a blind global IPI. It is not inteded to be merged.

Signed-off-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
CC: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
CC: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
CC: linux-mm@kvack.org
CC: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
CC: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
CC: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
CC: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
CC: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
CC: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
CC: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
CC: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
CC: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
 include/linux/vm_event_item.h |    1 +
 mm/page_alloc.c               |    5 +++++
 mm/vmstat.c                   |    2 ++
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/vm_event_item.h b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h
index 03b90cd..3657f6f 100644
--- a/include/linux/vm_event_item.h
+++ b/include/linux/vm_event_item.h
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ enum vm_event_item { PGPGIN, PGPGOUT, PSWPIN, PSWPOUT,
 		THP_COLLAPSE_ALLOC_FAILED,
 		THP_SPLIT,
 #endif
+		PCP_GLOBAL_DRAIN, PCP_GLOBAL_IPI_SAVED,
 		NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS
 };
 
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 3a2fc84..cdcaf50 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -1202,6 +1202,11 @@ void drain_all_pages(void)
 			cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &cpus_with_pcps);
 	}
 	on_each_cpu_mask(&cpus_with_pcps, drain_local_pages, NULL, 1);
+
+	count_vm_event(PCP_GLOBAL_DRAIN);
+	if (cpumask_weight(&cpus_with_pcps) <
+	   (cpumask_weight(cpu_online_mask) / 2))
+		count_vm_event(PCP_GLOBAL_IPI_SAVED);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
diff --git a/mm/vmstat.c b/mm/vmstat.c
index f600557..3ee5f99 100644
--- a/mm/vmstat.c
+++ b/mm/vmstat.c
@@ -786,6 +786,8 @@ const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
 	"thp_collapse_alloc_failed",
 	"thp_split",
 #endif
+	"pcp_global_drain",
+	"pcp_global_ipi_saved"
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENTS_COUNTERS */
 };
-- 
1.7.0.4

Re: [PATCH v9 4/8] smp: add func to IPI cpus based on parameter func

[Andrew Morton]

On Thu,  9 Feb 2012 10:36:21 +0200
Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com> wrote:

> @@ -153,6 +162,22 @@ static inline int up_smp_call_function(smp_call_func_t func, void *info)
>  			local_irq_enable();		\
>  		}					\
>  	} while (0)
> +/*
> + * Preemption is disabled here to make sure the
> + * cond_func is called under the same condtions in UP
> + * and SMP.
> + */
> +#define on_each_cpu_cond(cond_func, func, info, wait, gfp_flags) \
> +	do {
> +		void *__info = (info);			\
> +		preempt_disable();			\
> +		if ((cond_func)(0, __info)) {		\
> +			local_irq_disable();		\
> +			(func)(__info);			\
> +			local_irq_enable();		\
> +		}					\
> +		preempt_enable();			\
> +	} while (0)

That wasn't compile-tested!

This is one of the many reasons why I convert replacement patches into
incremental patches - so I can see what was done.

Here's what I queued after converting this patch into a delta:

--- a/kernel/smp.c~smp-add-func-to-ipi-cpus-based-on-parameter-func-v9
+++ a/kernel/smp.c
@@ -771,7 +771,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(on_each_cpu_mask);
  * The function might sleep if the GFP flags indicates a non
  * atomic allocation is allowed.
  *
- * Preemption is disabled to protect against a hotplug event.
+ * Preemption is disabled to protect against CPU going offline but not
+ * online. CPUs going online during the call will not be seen or sent
+ * an IPI.
  *
  * You must not call this function with disabled interrupts or
  * from a hardware interrupt handler or from a bottom half handler.
_

And I queued a small fix to that:

From: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Subject: smp-add-func-to-ipi-cpus-based-on-parameter-func-v9-fix

s/CPU/CPUs, use all 80 cols in comment

Cc: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---

 kernel/smp.c |    5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

--- a/kernel/smp.c~smp-add-func-to-ipi-cpus-based-on-parameter-func-v9-fix
+++ a/kernel/smp.c
@@ -771,9 +771,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(on_each_cpu_mask);
  * The function might sleep if the GFP flags indicates a non
  * atomic allocation is allowed.
  *
- * Preemption is disabled to protect against CPU going offline but not
- * online. CPUs going online during the call will not be seen or sent
- * an IPI.
+ * Preemption is disabled to protect against CPUs going offline but not online.
+ * CPUs going online during the call will not be seen or sent an IPI.
  *
  * You must not call this function with disabled interrupts or
  * from a hardware interrupt handler or from a bottom half handler.
_