From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1753776Ab2DPMRT (ORCPT ); Mon, 16 Apr 2012 08:17:19 -0400 Received: from cantor2.suse.de ([195.135.220.15]:47682 "EHLO mx2.suse.de" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1753569Ab2DPMRI (ORCPT ); Mon, 16 Apr 2012 08:17:08 -0400 From: Mel Gorman To: Andrew Morton Cc: Linux-MM , Linux-Netdev , LKML , David Miller , Neil Brown , Peter Zijlstra , Mike Christie , Eric B Munson , Mel Gorman Subject: [PATCH 00/16] Swap-over-NBD without deadlocking V9 Date: Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:16:47 +0100 Message-Id: <1334578624-23257-1-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de> X-Mailer: git-send-email 1.7.9.2 Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Changelog since V8 o Rebase to 3.4-rc2 o Use page flag instead of slab fields to keep structures the same size o Properly detect allocations from softirq context that use PF_MEMALLOC o Ensure kswapd does not sleep while processes are throttled o Do not accidentally throttle !_GFP_FS processes indefinitely Changelog since V7 o Rebase to 3.3-rc2 o Take greater care propagating page->pfmemalloc to skb o Propagate pfmemalloc from netdev_alloc_page to skb where possible o Release RCU lock properly on preempt kernel Changelog since V6 o Rebase to 3.1-rc8 o Use wake_up instead of wake_up_interruptible() o Do not throttle kernel threads o Avoid a potential race between kswapd going to sleep and processes being throttled Changelog since V5 o Rebase to 3.1-rc5 Changelog since V4 o Update comment clarifying what protocols can be used (Michal) o Rebase to 3.0-rc3 Changelog since V3 o Propogate pfmemalloc from packet fragment pages to skb (Neil) o Rebase to 3.0-rc2 Changelog since V2 o Document that __GFP_NOMEMALLOC overrides __GFP_MEMALLOC (Neil) o Use wait_event_interruptible (Neil) o Use !! when casting to bool to avoid any possibilitity of type truncation (Neil) o Nicer logic when using skb_pfmemalloc_protocol (Neil) Changelog since V1 o Rebase on top of mmotm o Use atomic_t for memalloc_socks (David Miller) o Remove use of sk_memalloc_socks in vmscan (Neil Brown) o Check throttle within prepare_to_wait (Neil Brown) o Add statistics on throttling instead of printk When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it with swapon. Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless systems. The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the use of disks and thin clients. The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap. Despite this, the fact is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap is used intensively. This patch series addresses the problem. The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like normal block devices do. As the host cannot control where they receive packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory they might need. Some years ago, Peter Ziljstra developed a series of patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is carrying within their kernels. This patch series borrows very heavily from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to supporting swap-over-NFS. The bulk of the complexity is concerned with preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS. Patch 1 serialises access to min_free_kbytes. It's not strictly needed by this series but as the series cares about watermarks in general, it's a harmless fix. It could be merged independently and may be if CMA is merged in advance. Patch 2 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations to callers that are freeing memory. Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC. Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves for later use by network packet processing. Patch 5 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set. Patches 6-13 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets are dropped. Patch 11 reintroduces __netdev_alloc_page which the networking folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should not fail. Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the common case. Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use PFMEMALLOC if necessary. Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted. It is expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and the throttled processes are woken up. Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and sysbench. Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance variances. For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a swapfile backed by NBD. 8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop. The total size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under memory pressure. Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes and runs to completion with them applied. With SLAB, the story is different as an unpatched kernel run to completion. However, the patched kernel completed the test 40% faster. 3.4.0-rc2 3.4.0-rc2 vanilla-slab swapnbd Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 87.90 73.45 User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 91.93 76.91 Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 4174.37 2953.96 drivers/block/nbd.c | 6 +- drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4/sge.c | 2 +- drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/cxgb4vf/sge.c | 2 +- drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igb/igb_main.c | 2 +- drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ixgbe/ixgbe_main.c | 2 +- drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ixgbevf/ixgbevf_main.c | 3 +- drivers/net/usb/cdc-phonet.c | 2 +- drivers/usb/gadget/f_phonet.c | 2 +- include/linux/gfp.h | 13 +- include/linux/mm_types.h | 9 + include/linux/mmzone.h | 1 + include/linux/page-flags.h | 28 +++ include/linux/sched.h | 7 + include/linux/skbuff.h | 83 +++++++- include/linux/vm_event_item.h | 1 + include/net/sock.h | 19 ++ include/trace/events/gfpflags.h | 1 + kernel/softirq.c | 3 + mm/page_alloc.c | 58 ++++-- mm/slab.c | 212 +++++++++++++++++++-- mm/slub.c | 28 ++- mm/vmscan.c | 112 +++++++++++ mm/vmstat.c | 1 + net/core/dev.c | 52 ++++- net/core/filter.c | 8 + net/core/skbuff.c | 93 +++++++-- net/core/sock.c | 42 ++++ net/ipv4/tcp.c | 3 +- net/ipv4/tcp_output.c | 16 +- net/ipv6/tcp_ipv6.c | 8 +- 30 files changed, 742 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-) -- 1.7.9.2