From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-9.7 required=3.0 tests=HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS, INCLUDES_PATCH,MAILING_LIST_MULTI,SIGNED_OFF_BY,SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS, URIBL_BLOCKED,USER_AGENT_GIT autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 27299C433DF for ; Wed, 17 Jun 2020 18:28:21 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 045B1212CC for ; Wed, 17 Jun 2020 18:28:20 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1727884AbgFQS2T (ORCPT ); Wed, 17 Jun 2020 14:28:19 -0400 Received: from mga11.intel.com ([192.55.52.93]:18905 "EHLO mga11.intel.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1727892AbgFQS2T (ORCPT ); Wed, 17 Jun 2020 14:28:19 -0400 IronPort-SDR: uVouwTRdnXBLjZWNwh9gi5k2B6f3ezNjv3yXgJDkd3x/RxKjQ+yujFBreQIYPO0hQ53R3+ba9O Mv+aX2SASQ/Q== X-Amp-Result: SKIPPED(no attachment in message) X-Amp-File-Uploaded: False Received: from orsmga008.jf.intel.com ([10.7.209.65]) by fmsmga102.fm.intel.com with ESMTP/TLS/ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384; 17 Jun 2020 11:24:15 -0700 IronPort-SDR: Ab65Fw9gvNInORh3ooypDAioQvf3MIBaXkBtJ3QXtqJcl6OBpzs99jqEwGC3rHi2JTVIHxgbhd PHmreeRkGmHQ== X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="5.73,523,1583222400"; d="scan'208";a="308874160" Received: from romley-ivt3.sc.intel.com ([172.25.110.60]) by orsmga008.jf.intel.com with ESMTP; 17 Jun 2020 11:24:15 -0700 From: Fenghua Yu To: "Thomas Gleixner" , "Ingo Molnar" , "Borislav Petkov" , "Peter Zijlstra" , "H Peter Anvin" , "David Woodhouse" , "Lu Baolu" , "Dave Hansen" , "Tony Luck" , "Jean-Philippe Brucker" , "Christoph Hellwig" , "Ashok Raj" , "Jacob Jun Pan" , "Dave Jiang" , "Sohil Mehta" , "Ravi V Shankar" Cc: "linux-kernel" , "x86" , iommu@lists.linux-foundation.org, Fenghua Yu Subject: [PATCH v3 04/13] docs: x86: Add documentation for SVA (Shared Virtual Addressing) Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2020 11:23:44 -0700 Message-Id: <1592418233-17762-5-git-send-email-fenghua.yu@intel.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.5.0 In-Reply-To: <1592418233-17762-1-git-send-email-fenghua.yu@intel.com> References: <1592418233-17762-1-git-send-email-fenghua.yu@intel.com> Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org From: Ashok Raj ENQCMD and Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA) and all of their associated features are a complicated stack with lots of interconnected pieces. This documentation provides a big picture overview for all of the features. Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj Co-developed-by: Fenghua Yu Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu Reviewed-by: Tony Luck --- v3: - Replace deprecated intel_svm_bind_mm() by iommu_sva_bind_mm() (Baolu) - Fix a couple of typos (Baolu) v2: - Fix the doc format and add the doc in toctree (Thomas) - Modify the doc for better description (Thomas, Tony, Dave) Documentation/x86/index.rst | 1 + Documentation/x86/sva.rst | 287 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 288 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/x86/sva.rst diff --git a/Documentation/x86/index.rst b/Documentation/x86/index.rst index 265d9e9a093b..e5d5ff096685 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/x86/index.rst @@ -30,3 +30,4 @@ x86-specific Documentation usb-legacy-support i386/index x86_64/index + sva diff --git a/Documentation/x86/sva.rst b/Documentation/x86/sva.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7242a84169ef --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/x86/sva.rst @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +=========================================== +Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) with ENQCMD +=========================================== + +Background +========== + +Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) allows the processor and device to use the +same virtual addresses avoiding the need for software to translate virtual +addresses to physical addresses. SVA is what PCIe calls Shared Virtual +Memory (SVM) + +In addition to the convenience of using application virtual addresses +by the device, it also doesn't require pinning pages for DMA. +PCIe Address Translation Services (ATS) along with Page Request Interface +(PRI) allow devices to function much the same way as the CPU handling +application page-faults. For more information please refer to PCIe +specification Chapter 10: ATS Specification. + +Use of SVA requires IOMMU support in the platform. IOMMU also is required +to support PCIe features ATS and PRI. ATS allows devices to cache +translations for the virtual address. IOMMU driver uses the mmu_notifier() +support to keep the device tlb cache and the CPU cache in sync. PRI allows +the device to request paging the virtual address before using if they are +not paged in the CPU page tables. + + +Shared Hardware Workqueues +========================== + +Unlike Single Root I/O Virtualization (SRIOV), Scalable IOV (SIOV) permits +the use of Shared Work Queues (SWQ) by both applications and Virtual +Machines (VM's). This allows better hardware utilization vs. hard +partitioning resources that could result in under utilization. In order to +allow the hardware to distinguish the context for which work is being +executed in the hardware by SWQ interface, SIOV uses Process Address Space +ID (PASID), which is a 20bit number defined by the PCIe SIG. + +PASID value is encoded in all transactions from the device. This allows the +IOMMU to track I/O on a per-PASID granularity in addition to using the PCIe +Resource Identifier (RID) which is the Bus/Device/Function. + + +ENQCMD +====== + +ENQCMD is a new instruction on Intel platforms that atomically submits a +work descriptor to a device. The descriptor includes the operation to be +performed, virtual addresses of all parameters, virtual address of a completion +record, and the PASID (process address space ID) of the current process. + +ENQCMD works with non-posted semantics and carries a status back if the +command was accepted by hardware. This allows the submitter to know if the +submission needs to be retried or other device specific mechanisms to +implement fairness or ensure forward progress can be made. + +ENQCMD is the glue that ensures applications can directly submit commands +to the hardware and also permit hardware to be aware of application context +to perform I/O operations via use of PASID. + +Process Address Space Tagging +============================= + +A new thread scoped MSR (IA32_PASID) provides the connection between +user processes and the rest of the hardware. When an application first +accesses an SVA capable device this MSR is initialized with a newly +allocated PASID. The driver for the device calls an IOMMU specific api +that sets up the routing for DMA and page-requests. + +For example, the Intel Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA) uses +iommu_sva_bind_device(), which will do the following. + +- Allocate the PASID, and program the process page-table (cr3) in the PASID + context entries. +- Register for mmu_notifier() to track any page-table invalidations to keep + the device tlb in sync. For example, when a page-table entry is invalidated, + IOMMU propagates the invalidation to device tlb. This will force any + future access by the device to this virtual address to participate in + ATS. If the IOMMU responds with proper response that a page is not + present, the device would request the page to be paged in via the PCIe PRI + protocol before performing I/O. + +This MSR is managed with the XSAVE feature set as "supervisor state" to +ensure the MSR is updated during context switch. + +PASID Management +================ + +The kernel must allocate a PASID on behalf of each process and program it +into the new MSR to communicate the process identity to platform hardware. +ENQCMD uses the PASID stored in this MSR to tag requests from this process. +When a user submits a work descriptor to a device using the ENQCMD +instruction, the PASID field in the descriptor is auto-filled with the +value from MSR_IA32_PASID. Requests for DMA from the device are also tagged +with the same PASID. The platform IOMMU uses the PASID in the transaction to +perform address translation. The IOMMU api's setup the corresponding PASID +entry in IOMMU with the process address used by the CPU (for e.g cr3 in x86). + +The MSR must be configured on each logical CPU before any application +thread can interact with a device. Threads that belong to the same +process share the same page tables, thus the same MSR value. + +PASID is cleared when a process is created. The PASID allocation and MSR +programming may occur long after a process and its threads have been created. +One thread must call bind() to allocate the PASID for the process. If a +thread uses ENQCMD without the MSR first being populated, it will cause #GP. +The kernel will fix up the #GP by writing the process-wide PASID into the +thread that took the #GP. A single process PASID can be used simultaneously +with multiple devices since they all share the same address space. + +New threads could inherit the MSR value from the parent. But this would +involve additional state management for those threads which may never use +ENQCMD. Clearing the MSR at thread creation permits all threads to have a +consistent behavior; the PASID is only programmed when the thread calls +the bind() api (iommu_sva_bind_device()()), or when a thread calls ENQCMD for +the first time. + +PASID Lifecycle Management +========================== + +Only processes that access SVA capable devices need to have a PASID +allocated. This allocation happens when a process first opens an SVA +capable device (subsequent opens of the same, or other devices will +share the same PASID). + +Although the PASID is allocated to the process by opening a device, +it is not active in any of the threads of that process. Activation is +done lazily when a thread tries to submit a work descriptor to a device +using the ENQCMD. + +That first access will trigger a #GP fault because the IA32_PASID MSR +has not been initialized with the PASID value assigned to the process +when the device was opened. The Linux #GP handler notes that a PASID as +been allocated for the process, and so initializes the IA32_PASID MSR +and returns so that the ENQCMD instruction is re-executed. + +On fork(2) or exec(2) the PASID is removed from the process as it no +longer has the same address space that it had when the device was opened. + +On clone(2) the new task shares the same address space, so will be +able to use the PASID allocated to the process. The IA32_PASID is not +preemptively initialized as the kernel does not know whether this thread +is going to access the device. + +On exit(2) the PASID is freed. The device driver ensures that any pending +operations queued to the device are either completed or aborted before +allowing the PASID to be reallocated. + +Relationships +============= + + * Each process has many threads, but only one PASID + * Devices have a limited number (~10's to 1000's) of hardware + workqueues and each portal maps down to a single workqueue. + The device driver manages allocating hardware workqueues. + * A single mmap() maps a single hardware workqueue as a "portal" + * For each device with which a process interacts, there must be + one or more mmap()'d portals. + * Many threads within a process can share a single portal to access + a single device. + * Multiple processes can separately mmap() the same portal, in + which case they still share one device hardware workqueue. + * The single process-wide PASID is used by all threads to interact + with all devices. There is not, for instance, a PASID for each + thread or each thread<->device pair. + +FAQ +=== + +* What is SVA/SVM? + +Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) permits I/O hardware and the processor to +work in the same address space. In short, sharing the address space. Some +call it Shared Virtual Memory (SVM), but Linux community wanted to avoid +it with Posix Shared Memory and Secure Virtual Machines which were terms +already in circulation. + +* What is a PASID? + +A Process Address Space ID (PASID) is a PCIe-defined TLP Prefix. A PASID is +a 20 bit number allocated and managed by the OS. PASID is included in all +transactions between the platform and the device. + +* How are shared work queues different? + +Traditionally to allow user space applications interact with hardware, +there is a separate instance required per process. For example, consider +doorbells as a mechanism of informing hardware about work to process. Each +doorbell is required to be spaced 4k (or page-size) apart for process +isolation. This requires hardware to provision that space and reserve in +MMIO. This doesn't scale as the number of threads becomes quite large. The +hardware also manages the queue depth for Shared Work Queues (SWQ), and +consumers don't need to track queue depth. If there is no space to accept +a command, the device will return an error indicating retry. Also +submitting a command to an MMIO address that can't accept ENQCMD will +return retry in response. In the new DMWr PCIe terminology, devices need to +support DMWr completer capability. In addition it requires all switch ports +to support DMWr routing and must be enabled by the PCIe subsystem, much +like how PCIe Atomics() are managed for instance. + +SWQ allows hardware to provision just a single address in the device. When +used with ENQCMD to submit work, the device can distinguish the process +submitting the work since it will include the PASID assigned to that +process. This decreases the pressure of hardware requiring to support +hardware to scale to a large number of processes. + +* Is this the same as a user space device driver? + +Communicating with the device via the shared work queue is much simpler +than a full blown user space driver. The kernel driver does all the +initialization of the hardware. User space only needs to worry about +submitting work and processing completions. + +* Is this the same as SR-IOV? + +Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) focuses on providing independent +hardware interfaces for virtualizing hardware. Hence its required to be +almost fully functional interface to software supporting the traditional +BAR's, space for interrupts via MSI-x, its own register layout. +Virtual Functions (VFs) are assisted by the Physical Function (PF) +driver. + +Scalable I/O Virtualization builds on the PASID concept to create device +instances for virtualization. SIOV requires host software to assist in +creating virtual devices, each virtual device is represented by a PASID +along with the BDF of the device. This allows device hardware to optimize +device resource creation and can grow dynamically on demand. SR-IOV creation +and management is very static in nature. Consult references below for more +details. + +* Why not just create a virtual function for each app? + +Creating PCIe SRIOV type virtual functions (VF) are expensive. They create +duplicated hardware for PCI config space requirements, Interrupts such as +MSIx for instance. Resources such as interrupts have to be hard partitioned +between VF's at creation time, and cannot scale dynamically on demand. The +VF's are not completely independent from the Physical function (PF). Most +VF's require some communication and assistance from the PF driver. SIOV +creates a software defined device. Where all the configuration and control +aspects are mediated via the slow path. The work submission and completion +happen without any mediation. + +* Does this support virtualization? + +ENQCMD can be used from within a guest VM. In these cases the VMM helps +with setting up a translation table to translate from Guest PASID to Host +PASID. Please consult the ENQCMD instruction set reference for more +details. + +* Does memory need to be pinned? + +When devices support SVA, along with platform hardware such as IOMMU +supporting such devices, there is no need to pin memory for DMA purposes. +Devices that support SVA also support other PCIe features that remove the +pinning requirement for memory. + +Device TLB support - Device requests the IOMMU to lookup an address before +use via Address Translation Service (ATS) requests. If the mapping exists +but there is no page allocated by the OS, IOMMU hardware returns that no +mapping exists. + +Device requests that virtual address to be mapped via Page Request +Interface (PRI). Once the OS has successfully completed the mapping, it +returns the response back to the device. The device continues again to +request for a translation and continues. + +IOMMU works with the OS in managing consistency of page-tables with the +device. When removing pages, it interacts with the device to remove any +device-tlb that might have been cached before removing the mappings from +the OS. + +References +========== + +VT-D: +https://01.org/blogs/ashokraj/2018/recent-enhancements-intel-virtualization-technology-directed-i/o-intel-vt-d + +SIOV: +https://01.org/blogs/2019/assignable-interfaces-intel-scalable-i/o-virtualization-linux + +ENQCMD in ISE: +https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/managed/c5/15/architecture-instruction-set-extensions-programming-reference.pdf + +DSA spec: +https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/341204-intel-data-streaming-accelerator-spec.pdf -- 2.19.1