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* [PATCH -mm -v9 0/3] THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out
@ 2017-04-19  7:06 Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out Huang, Ying
                   ` (2 more replies)
  0 siblings, 3 replies; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-19  7:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andrew Morton
  Cc: linux-mm, linux-kernel, Huang Ying, Hugh Dickins, Shaohua Li,
	Minchan Kim, Rik van Riel, Andrea Arcangeli, Kirill A . Shutemov,
	Johannes Weiner, Michal Hocko

From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>

This patchset is to optimize the performance of Transparent Huge Page
(THP) swap.

Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that
we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do
page swap out even on a high-end server machine.  Because the
performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single
logical CPU.  And it seems that the trend will not change in the near
future.  On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular
because of increased memory size.  So it becomes necessary to optimize
THP swap performance.

The advantages of the THP swap support include:

- Batch the swap operations for the THP to reduce lock
  acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space,
  adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap
  space, etc.  This will help improve the performance of the THP swap.

- The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO.  It is
  particularly helpful for the swap read, which are usually 4k random
  IO.  This will improve the performance of the THP swap too.

- It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is
  heavily used by the applications.  The 2M continuous pages will be
  free up after THP swapping out.

- It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap
  turned on.  Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal
  pages into the THP is quite slow.  After the THP is split during the
  swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to
  collapse back into the THP after being swapped in.  The high THP
  utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management
  too.

There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible
enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on
the storage device.  To deal with that, the THP swap in should be
turned on only when necessary.  For example, it can be selected via
"always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off
globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc.

This patchset is based on 04/13 head of mmotm/master.

This patchset is the first step for the THP swap support.  The plan is
to delay splitting THP step by step, finally avoid splitting THP
during the THP swapping out and swap out/in the THP as a whole.

As the first step, in this patchset, the splitting huge page is
delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating
the swap space for the THP and adding the THP into the swap cache.
This will reduce lock acquiring/releasing for the locks used for the
swap cache management.

With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 15.5% (from about
3.73GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device.  To
test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
RAM and part of the swap device is used up.

Changelog:

v9:

- Rebased on latest -mm tree
- Johannes done extensive cleanups and simplifications
- Johannes resolved the code size increases
- Update the test results

v8:

- Rebased on latest -mm tree
- Reorganize the patchset per Johannes' comments
- Merge add_to_swap_trans_huge() and add_to_swap() per Johannes' comments

v7:

- Rebased on latest -mm tree
- Revise get_swap_pages() THP support per Tim's comments

v6:

- Rebased on latest -mm tree (cluster lock, etc).
- Fix a potential uninitialized variable bug in __swap_entry_free()
- Revise the swap read-ahead changes to avoid a potential race
  condition between swap off and swap out in theory.

v5:

- Per Hillf's comments, fix a locking bug in error path of
  __add_to_swap_cache().  And merge the code to calculate extra_pins
  into can_split_huge_page().

v4:

- Per Johannes' comments, simplified swap cgroup array accessing code.
- Per Kirill and Dave Hansen's comments, used HPAGE_PMD_NR instead of
  HPAGE_SIZE/PAGE_SIZE.
- Per Anshuman's comments, used HPAGE_PMD_NR instead of 512 in patch
  description.

v3:

- Per Andrew's suggestion, used a more systematical way to determine
  whether to enable THP swap optimization
- Per Andrew's comments, moved as much as possible code into
  #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGE/#endif or "if (PageTransHuge())"
- Fixed some coding style warning.

v2:

- Original [1/11] sent separately and merged
- Use switch in 10/10 per Hiff's suggestion

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out
  2017-04-19  7:06 [PATCH -mm -v9 0/3] THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out Huang, Ying
@ 2017-04-19  7:06 ` Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19 15:52   ` Johannes Weiner
  2017-04-21  6:11   ` Balbir Singh
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 3/3] mm, THP, swap: Enable THP swap optimization only if has compound map Huang, Ying
  2 siblings, 2 replies; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-19  7:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andrew Morton
  Cc: linux-mm, linux-kernel, Huang Ying, Andrea Arcangeli,
	Ebru Akagunduz, Johannes Weiner, Michal Hocko, Tejun Heo,
	Hugh Dickins, Shaohua Li, Minchan Kim, Rik van Riel, cgroups

From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>

In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first
step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the
THP (Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache.
This will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out
throughput.

This is the first step for the THP swap optimization.  The plan is to
delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP
finally.

The advantages of the THP swap support include:

- Batch the swap operations for the THP and reduce lock
  acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space,
  adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap
  space, etc.  This will help to improve the THP swap performance.

- The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO.  It is
  particularly helpful for the swap read, which usually are 4k random
  IO.  This will help to improve the THP swap performance.

- It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is
  heavily used by the applications.  The 2M continuous pages will be
  free up after the THP swapping out.

- It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap
  turned on.  Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal
  pages into the THP is quite slow.  After the THP is split during the
  swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to
  collapse back into the THP after being swapped in.  The high THP
  utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management
  too.

There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible
enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on
the storage device.  To deal with that, the THP swap in should be
turned on only when necessary.  For example, it can be selected via
"always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off
globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc.

In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each
THP swapped out.  So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that
of the THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512).  For
other architectures which want such THP swap optimization,
ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file
for the architecture.  In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size
by 2 times on x86_64.  Which may make it harder to find a free cluster
when the swap space becomes fragmented.  So that, this may reduce the
continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory.  The
performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this.

In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the
swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the
swap_cluster_info data structure.

The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support
charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole.

The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a
swap cluster for a THP.  A fair simple algorithm is used for swap
cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority
list will be tried to allocate the swap cluster.  The function will
fail if the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to
allocate a single swap slot instead.  This works good enough for
normal cases.  If the difference of the number of the free swap
clusters among multiple swap devices is significant, it is possible
that some THPs are split earlier than necessary.  For example, this
could be caused by big size difference among multiple swap devices.

The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from
the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages.  This may be
enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree.  But because we
will split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't
make much sense for this first step.

The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in
swap cache during swapping out.  The page lock will be held during
allocating the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and
splitting the THP.  So in the code path other than swapping out, if
the THP need to be split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false.

The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap
optimization in this patchset has no effect for HDD.

With the patch, the swap out throughput improves 11.5% (from about
3.73GB/s to about 4.16GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device.  To
test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
RAM and part of the swap device is used up.

[hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size]
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> [for config option]
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
---
 arch/x86/Kconfig            |   1 +
 include/linux/page-flags.h  |   7 +-
 include/linux/swap.h        |  25 ++++-
 include/linux/swap_cgroup.h |   6 +-
 mm/Kconfig                  |  12 +++
 mm/huge_memory.c            |  11 +-
 mm/memcontrol.c             |  49 ++++-----
 mm/shmem.c                  |   2 +-
 mm/swap_cgroup.c            |  40 +++++--
 mm/swap_slots.c             |  16 ++-
 mm/swap_state.c             | 115 ++++++++++++--------
 mm/swapfile.c               | 256 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 12 files changed, 375 insertions(+), 165 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index c43f47622440..aaa7cdd601fe 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ config X86
 	select ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH if SMP
 	select ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS
 	select ARCH_WANTS_DYNAMIC_TASK_STRUCT
+	select ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP		if X86_64
 	select BUILDTIME_EXTABLE_SORT
 	select CLKEVT_I8253
 	select CLOCKSOURCE_VALIDATE_LAST_CYCLE
diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
index 6b5818d6de32..d33e3280c8ad 100644
--- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
+++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
@@ -326,11 +326,14 @@ PAGEFLAG_FALSE(HighMem)
 #ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
 static __always_inline int PageSwapCache(struct page *page)
 {
+#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
+	page = compound_head(page);
+#endif
 	return PageSwapBacked(page) && test_bit(PG_swapcache, &page->flags);
 
 }
-SETPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_COMPOUND)
-CLEARPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_COMPOUND)
+SETPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_TAIL)
+CLEARPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_TAIL)
 #else
 PAGEFLAG_FALSE(SwapCache)
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
index ba5882419a7d..b60fea3748f8 100644
--- a/include/linux/swap.h
+++ b/include/linux/swap.h
@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ struct bio;
 				 SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES)
 #define SWAP_BATCH 64
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
+#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	HPAGE_PMD_NR
+#else
+#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	256
+#endif
+
 static inline int current_is_kswapd(void)
 {
 	return current->flags & PF_KSWAPD;
@@ -386,9 +392,9 @@ static inline long get_nr_swap_pages(void)
 }
 
 extern void si_swapinfo(struct sysinfo *);
-extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void);
+extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page);
 extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page_of_type(int);
-extern int get_swap_pages(int n, swp_entry_t swp_entries[]);
+extern int get_swap_pages(int n, bool cluster, swp_entry_t swp_entries[]);
 extern int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t, gfp_t);
 extern void swap_shmem_alloc(swp_entry_t);
 extern int swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t);
@@ -515,7 +521,7 @@ static inline int try_to_free_swap(struct page *page)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
+static inline swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page)
 {
 	swp_entry_t entry;
 	entry.val = 0;
@@ -548,7 +554,7 @@ static inline int mem_cgroup_swappiness(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
 extern void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry);
 extern int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry);
-extern void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry);
+extern void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned int nr_pages);
 extern long mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);
 extern bool mem_cgroup_swap_full(struct page *page);
 #else
@@ -562,7 +568,8 @@ static inline int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
+static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry,
+					    unsigned int nr_pages)
 {
 }
 
@@ -577,5 +584,13 @@ static inline bool mem_cgroup_swap_full(struct page *page)
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
+extern void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry);
+#else
+static inline void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif /* __KERNEL__*/
 #endif /* _LINUX_SWAP_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h b/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
index 145306bdc92f..b2b8ec7bda3f 100644
--- a/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
+++ b/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 
 extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(swp_entry_t ent,
 					unsigned short old, unsigned short new);
-extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id);
+extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
+					 unsigned int nr_ents);
 extern unsigned short lookup_swap_cgroup_id(swp_entry_t ent);
 extern int swap_cgroup_swapon(int type, unsigned long max_pages);
 extern void swap_cgroup_swapoff(int type);
@@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ extern void swap_cgroup_swapoff(int type);
 #else
 
 static inline
-unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id)
+unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
+				  unsigned int nr_ents)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
index c89f472b658c..660fb765bf7d 100644
--- a/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/mm/Kconfig
@@ -447,6 +447,18 @@ choice
 	  benefit.
 endchoice
 
+config ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
+       def_bool n
+
+config THP_SWAP
+	def_bool y
+	depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
+	help
+	  Swap transparent huge pages in one piece, without splitting.
+	  XXX: For now this only does clustered swap space allocation.
+
+	  For selection by architectures with reasonable THP sizes.
+
 config	TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE
 	def_bool y
 	depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index a84909cf20d3..b7c06476590e 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -2197,7 +2197,7 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct page *head, int tail,
 	 * atomic_set() here would be safe on all archs (and not only on x86),
 	 * it's safer to use atomic_inc()/atomic_add().
 	 */
-	if (PageAnon(head)) {
+	if (PageAnon(head) && !PageSwapCache(head)) {
 		page_ref_inc(page_tail);
 	} else {
 		/* Additional pin to radix tree */
@@ -2208,6 +2208,7 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct page *head, int tail,
 	page_tail->flags |= (head->flags &
 			((1L << PG_referenced) |
 			 (1L << PG_swapbacked) |
+			 (1L << PG_swapcache) |
 			 (1L << PG_mlocked) |
 			 (1L << PG_uptodate) |
 			 (1L << PG_active) |
@@ -2270,7 +2271,11 @@ static void __split_huge_page(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
 	ClearPageCompound(head);
 	/* See comment in __split_huge_page_tail() */
 	if (PageAnon(head)) {
-		page_ref_inc(head);
+		/* Additional pin to radix tree of swap cache */
+		if (PageSwapCache(head))
+			page_ref_add(head, 2);
+		else
+			page_ref_inc(head);
 	} else {
 		/* Additional pin to radix tree */
 		page_ref_add(head, 2);
@@ -2426,7 +2431,7 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 			ret = -EBUSY;
 			goto out;
 		}
-		extra_pins = 0;
+		extra_pins = PageSwapCache(page) ? HPAGE_PMD_NR : 0;
 		mapping = NULL;
 		anon_vma_lock_write(anon_vma);
 	} else {
diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
index ff73899af61a..e374582c1d9c 100644
--- a/mm/memcontrol.c
+++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
@@ -2376,10 +2376,9 @@ void mem_cgroup_split_huge_fixup(struct page *head)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
 static void mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
-					 bool charge)
+				       int nr_entries)
 {
-	int val = (charge) ? 1 : -1;
-	this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEMCG_SWAP], val);
+	this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEMCG_SWAP], nr_entries);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2405,8 +2404,8 @@ static int mem_cgroup_move_swap_account(swp_entry_t entry,
 	new_id = mem_cgroup_id(to);
 
 	if (swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(entry, old_id, new_id) == old_id) {
-		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(from, false);
-		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(to, true);
+		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(from, -1);
+		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(to, 1);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return -EINVAL;
@@ -5445,7 +5444,7 @@ void mem_cgroup_commit_charge(struct page *page, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 		 * let's not wait for it.  The page already received a
 		 * memory+swap charge, drop the swap entry duplicate.
 		 */
-		mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry);
+		mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, nr_pages);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -5873,9 +5872,9 @@ void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
 	 * ancestor for the swap instead and transfer the memory+swap charge.
 	 */
 	swap_memcg = mem_cgroup_id_get_online(memcg);
-	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(swap_memcg));
+	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(swap_memcg), 1);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(oldid, page);
-	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(swap_memcg, true);
+	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(swap_memcg, 1);
 
 	page->mem_cgroup = NULL;
 
@@ -5902,19 +5901,20 @@ void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
 		css_put(&memcg->css);
 }
 
-/*
- * mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap - try charging a swap entry
+/**
+ * mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap - try charging swap space for a page
  * @page: page being added to swap
  * @entry: swap entry to charge
  *
- * Try to charge @entry to the memcg that @page belongs to.
+ * Try to charge @page's memcg for the swap space at @entry.
  *
  * Returns 0 on success, -ENOMEM on failure.
  */
 int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
 {
-	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
+	unsigned int nr_pages = hpage_nr_pages(page);
 	struct page_counter *counter;
+	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
 	unsigned short oldid;
 
 	if (!cgroup_subsys_on_dfl(memory_cgrp_subsys) || !do_swap_account)
@@ -5929,25 +5929,26 @@ int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
 	memcg = mem_cgroup_id_get_online(memcg);
 
 	if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg) &&
-	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, 1, &counter)) {
+	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, nr_pages, &counter)) {
 		mem_cgroup_id_put(memcg);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
-	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(memcg));
+	if (nr_pages > 1)
+		mem_cgroup_id_get_many(memcg, nr_pages - 1);
+	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(memcg), nr_pages);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(oldid, page);
-	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, true);
+	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, nr_pages);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
- * mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap - uncharge a swap entry
+ * mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap - uncharge swap space
  * @entry: swap entry to uncharge
- *
- * Drop the swap charge associated with @entry.
+ * @nr_pages: the amount of swap space to uncharge
  */
-void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
+void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned int nr_pages)
 {
 	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
 	unsigned short id;
@@ -5955,18 +5956,18 @@ void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
 	if (!do_swap_account)
 		return;
 
-	id = swap_cgroup_record(entry, 0);
+	id = swap_cgroup_record(entry, 0, nr_pages);
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	memcg = mem_cgroup_from_id(id);
 	if (memcg) {
 		if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) {
 			if (cgroup_subsys_on_dfl(memory_cgrp_subsys))
-				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->swap, 1);
+				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->swap, nr_pages);
 			else
-				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, 1);
+				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, nr_pages);
 		}
-		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, false);
-		mem_cgroup_id_put(memcg);
+		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, -nr_pages);
+		mem_cgroup_id_put_many(memcg, nr_pages);
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
diff --git a/mm/shmem.c b/mm/shmem.c
index e67d6ba4e98e..29948d7da172 100644
--- a/mm/shmem.c
+++ b/mm/shmem.c
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 		SetPageUptodate(page);
 	}
 
-	swap = get_swap_page();
+	swap = get_swap_page(page);
 	if (!swap.val)
 		goto redirty;
 
diff --git a/mm/swap_cgroup.c b/mm/swap_cgroup.c
index ac6318a064d3..aee4b36d5207 100644
--- a/mm/swap_cgroup.c
+++ b/mm/swap_cgroup.c
@@ -58,21 +58,27 @@ static int swap_cgroup_prepare(int type)
 	return -ENOMEM;
 }
 
+static struct swap_cgroup *__lookup_swap_cgroup(struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl,
+						pgoff_t offset)
+{
+	struct page *mappage;
+	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
+
+	mappage = ctrl->map[offset / SC_PER_PAGE];
+	sc = page_address(mappage);
+	return sc + offset % SC_PER_PAGE;
+}
+
 static struct swap_cgroup *lookup_swap_cgroup(swp_entry_t ent,
 					struct swap_cgroup_ctrl **ctrlp)
 {
 	pgoff_t offset = swp_offset(ent);
 	struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl;
-	struct page *mappage;
-	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
 
 	ctrl = &swap_cgroup_ctrl[swp_type(ent)];
 	if (ctrlp)
 		*ctrlp = ctrl;
-
-	mappage = ctrl->map[offset / SC_PER_PAGE];
-	sc = page_address(mappage);
-	return sc + offset % SC_PER_PAGE;
+	return __lookup_swap_cgroup(ctrl, offset);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -105,25 +111,39 @@ unsigned short swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(swp_entry_t ent,
 }
 
 /**
- * swap_cgroup_record - record mem_cgroup for this swp_entry.
- * @ent: swap entry to be recorded into
+ * swap_cgroup_record - record mem_cgroup for a set of swap entries
+ * @ent: the first swap entry to be recorded into
  * @id: mem_cgroup to be recorded
+ * @nr_ents: number of swap entries to be recorded
  *
  * Returns old value at success, 0 at failure.
  * (Of course, old value can be 0.)
  */
-unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id)
+unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
+				  unsigned int nr_ents)
 {
 	struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl;
 	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
 	unsigned short old;
 	unsigned long flags;
+	pgoff_t offset = swp_offset(ent);
+	pgoff_t end = offset + nr_ents;
 
 	sc = lookup_swap_cgroup(ent, &ctrl);
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&ctrl->lock, flags);
 	old = sc->id;
-	sc->id = id;
+	for (;;) {
+		VM_BUG_ON(sc->id != old);
+		sc->id = id;
+		offset++;
+		if (offset == end)
+			break;
+		if (offset % SC_PER_PAGE)
+			sc++;
+		else
+			sc = __lookup_swap_cgroup(ctrl, offset);
+	}
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctrl->lock, flags);
 
 	return old;
diff --git a/mm/swap_slots.c b/mm/swap_slots.c
index 58f6c78f1dad..eb7524f8296d 100644
--- a/mm/swap_slots.c
+++ b/mm/swap_slots.c
@@ -263,7 +263,8 @@ static int refill_swap_slots_cache(struct swap_slots_cache *cache)
 
 	cache->cur = 0;
 	if (swap_slot_cache_active)
-		cache->nr = get_swap_pages(SWAP_SLOTS_CACHE_SIZE, cache->slots);
+		cache->nr = get_swap_pages(SWAP_SLOTS_CACHE_SIZE, false,
+					   cache->slots);
 
 	return cache->nr;
 }
@@ -301,11 +302,19 @@ int free_swap_slot(swp_entry_t entry)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
+swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page)
 {
 	swp_entry_t entry, *pentry;
 	struct swap_slots_cache *cache;
 
+	entry.val = 0;
+
+	if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
+		if (hpage_nr_pages(page) == SWAPFILE_CLUSTER)
+			get_swap_pages(1, true, &entry);
+		return entry;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Preemption is allowed here, because we may sleep
 	 * in refill_swap_slots_cache().  But it is safe, because
@@ -317,7 +326,6 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
 	 */
 	cache = raw_cpu_ptr(&swp_slots);
 
-	entry.val = 0;
 	if (check_cache_active()) {
 		mutex_lock(&cache->alloc_lock);
 		if (cache->slots) {
@@ -337,7 +345,7 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
 			return entry;
 	}
 
-	get_swap_pages(1, &entry);
+	get_swap_pages(1, false, &entry);
 
 	return entry;
 }
diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
index 539b8885e3d1..c3478ee6e633 100644
--- a/mm/swap_state.c
+++ b/mm/swap_state.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <linux/migrate.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <linux/swap_slots.h>
+#include <linux/huge_mm.h>
 
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ struct address_space *swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];
 static unsigned int nr_swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];
 
 #define INC_CACHE_INFO(x)	do { swap_cache_info.x++; } while (0)
+#define ADD_CACHE_INFO(x, nr)	do { swap_cache_info.x += (nr); } while (0)
 
 static struct {
 	unsigned long add_total;
@@ -90,39 +92,46 @@ void show_swap_cache_info(void)
  */
 int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
 {
-	int error;
+	int error, i, nr = hpage_nr_pages(page);
 	struct address_space *address_space;
+	pgoff_t idx = swp_offset(entry);
 
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSwapCache(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapBacked(page), page);
 
-	get_page(page);
+	page_ref_add(page, nr);
 	SetPageSwapCache(page);
-	set_page_private(page, entry.val);
 
 	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
 	spin_lock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
-	error = radix_tree_insert(&address_space->page_tree,
-				  swp_offset(entry), page);
-	if (likely(!error)) {
-		address_space->nrpages++;
-		__inc_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
-		INC_CACHE_INFO(add_total);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		set_page_private(page + i, entry.val + i);
+		error = radix_tree_insert(&address_space->page_tree,
+					  idx + i, page + i);
+		if (unlikely(error))
+			break;
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
-
-	if (unlikely(error)) {
+	if (likely(!error)) {
+		address_space->nrpages += nr;
+		__mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_FILE_PAGES, nr);
+		ADD_CACHE_INFO(add_total, nr);
+	} else {
 		/*
 		 * Only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag
 		 * would call add_to_swap_cache().
 		 * So add_to_swap_cache() doesn't returns -EEXIST.
 		 */
 		VM_BUG_ON(error == -EEXIST);
-		set_page_private(page, 0UL);
+		set_page_private(page + i, 0UL);
+		while (i--) {
+			radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, idx + i);
+			set_page_private(page + i, 0UL);
+		}
 		ClearPageSwapCache(page);
-		put_page(page);
+		page_ref_sub(page, nr);
 	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
 
 	return error;
 }
@@ -132,7 +141,7 @@ int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
 {
 	int error;
 
-	error = radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_mask);
+	error = radix_tree_maybe_preload_order(gfp_mask, compound_order(page));
 	if (!error) {
 		error = __add_to_swap_cache(page, entry);
 		radix_tree_preload_end();
@@ -146,8 +155,10 @@ int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
  */
 void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
 {
-	swp_entry_t entry;
 	struct address_space *address_space;
+	int i, nr = hpage_nr_pages(page);
+	swp_entry_t entry;
+	pgoff_t idx;
 
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapCache(page), page);
@@ -155,12 +166,15 @@ void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
 
 	entry.val = page_private(page);
 	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
-	radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, swp_offset(entry));
-	set_page_private(page, 0);
+	idx = swp_offset(entry);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, idx + i);
+		set_page_private(page + i, 0);
+	}
 	ClearPageSwapCache(page);
-	address_space->nrpages--;
-	__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
-	INC_CACHE_INFO(del_total);
+	address_space->nrpages -= nr;
+	__mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_FILE_PAGES, -nr);
+	ADD_CACHE_INFO(del_total, nr);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -178,20 +192,12 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);
 
-	entry = get_swap_page();
+retry:
+	entry = get_swap_page(page);
 	if (!entry.val)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(page, entry)) {
-		swapcache_free(entry);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
-		if (unlikely(split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))) {
-			swapcache_free(entry);
-			return 0;
-		}
+		goto fail;
+	if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(page, entry))
+		goto fail_free;
 
 	/*
 	 * Radix-tree node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
@@ -206,17 +212,34 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 	 */
 	err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
 			__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
-
-	if (!err) {
-		return 1;
-	} else {	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
+	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
+	if (err)
 		/*
 		 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
 		 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
 		 */
-		swapcache_free(entry);
-		return 0;
+		goto fail_free;
+
+	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page))) {
+		err = split_huge_page_to_list(page, list);
+		if (err) {
+			delete_from_swap_cache(page);
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
+
+	return 1;
+
+fail_free:
+	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
+		swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
+	else
+		swapcache_free(entry);
+fail:
+	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) &&
+	    !split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
+		goto retry;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -237,8 +260,12 @@ void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
 	__delete_from_swap_cache(page);
 	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
 
-	swapcache_free(entry);
-	put_page(page);
+	if (PageTransHuge(page))
+		swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
+	else
+		swapcache_free(entry);
+
+	page_ref_sub(page, hpage_nr_pages(page));
 }
 
 /* 
@@ -295,7 +322,7 @@ struct page * lookup_swap_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
 
 	page = find_get_page(swap_address_space(entry), swp_offset(entry));
 
-	if (page) {
+	if (page && likely(!PageTransCompound(page))) {
 		INC_CACHE_INFO(find_success);
 		if (TestClearPageReadahead(page))
 			atomic_inc(&swapin_readahead_hits);
@@ -506,7 +533,7 @@ struct page *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
 						gfp_mask, vma, addr);
 		if (!page)
 			continue;
-		if (offset != entry_offset)
+		if (offset != entry_offset && likely(!PageTransCompound(page)))
 			SetPageReadahead(page);
 		put_page(page);
 	}
diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
index f23c56e9be39..596306272059 100644
--- a/mm/swapfile.c
+++ b/mm/swapfile.c
@@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ static void discard_swap_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 	}
 }
 
-#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	256
 #define LATENCY_LIMIT		256
 
 static inline void cluster_set_flag(struct swap_cluster_info *info,
@@ -375,6 +374,14 @@ static void swap_cluster_schedule_discard(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 	schedule_work(&si->discard_work);
 }
 
+static void __free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
+{
+	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info;
+
+	cluster_set_flag(ci + idx, CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
+	cluster_list_add_tail(&si->free_clusters, ci, idx);
+}
+
 /*
  * Doing discard actually. After a cluster discard is finished, the cluster
  * will be added to free cluster list. caller should hold si->lock.
@@ -395,10 +402,7 @@ static void swap_do_scheduled_discard(struct swap_info_struct *si)
 
 		spin_lock(&si->lock);
 		ci = lock_cluster(si, idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
-		cluster_set_flag(ci, CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
-		unlock_cluster(ci);
-		cluster_list_add_tail(&si->free_clusters, info, idx);
-		ci = lock_cluster(si, idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
+		__free_cluster(si, idx);
 		memset(si->swap_map + idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER,
 				0, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
 		unlock_cluster(ci);
@@ -416,6 +420,34 @@ static void swap_discard_work(struct work_struct *work)
 	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
 }
 
+static void alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
+{
+	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info;
+
+	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_list_first(&si->free_clusters) != idx);
+	cluster_list_del_first(&si->free_clusters, ci);
+	cluster_set_count_flag(ci + idx, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static void free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
+{
+	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info + idx;
+
+	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_count(ci) != 0);
+	/*
+	 * If the swap is discardable, prepare discard the cluster
+	 * instead of free it immediately. The cluster will be freed
+	 * after discard.
+	 */
+	if ((si->flags & (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) ==
+	    (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) {
+		swap_cluster_schedule_discard(si, idx);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	__free_cluster(si, idx);
+}
+
 /*
  * The cluster corresponding to page_nr will be used. The cluster will be
  * removed from free cluster list and its usage counter will be increased.
@@ -427,11 +459,8 @@ static void inc_cluster_info_page(struct swap_info_struct *p,
 
 	if (!cluster_info)
 		return;
-	if (cluster_is_free(&cluster_info[idx])) {
-		VM_BUG_ON(cluster_list_first(&p->free_clusters) != idx);
-		cluster_list_del_first(&p->free_clusters, cluster_info);
-		cluster_set_count_flag(&cluster_info[idx], 0, 0);
-	}
+	if (cluster_is_free(&cluster_info[idx]))
+		alloc_cluster(p, idx);
 
 	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) >= SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
 	cluster_set_count(&cluster_info[idx],
@@ -455,21 +484,8 @@ static void dec_cluster_info_page(struct swap_info_struct *p,
 	cluster_set_count(&cluster_info[idx],
 		cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) - 1);
 
-	if (cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) == 0) {
-		/*
-		 * If the swap is discardable, prepare discard the cluster
-		 * instead of free it immediately. The cluster will be freed
-		 * after discard.
-		 */
-		if ((p->flags & (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) ==
-				 (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) {
-			swap_cluster_schedule_discard(p, idx);
-			return;
-		}
-
-		cluster_set_flag(&cluster_info[idx], CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
-		cluster_list_add_tail(&p->free_clusters, cluster_info, idx);
-	}
+	if (cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) == 0)
+		free_cluster(p, idx);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -559,6 +575,60 @@ static bool scan_swap_map_try_ssd_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 	return found_free;
 }
 
+static void swap_range_alloc(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long offset,
+			     unsigned int nr_entries)
+{
+	unsigned int end = offset + nr_entries - 1;
+
+	if (offset == si->lowest_bit)
+		si->lowest_bit += nr_entries;
+	if (end == si->highest_bit)
+		si->highest_bit -= nr_entries;
+	si->inuse_pages += nr_entries;
+	if (si->inuse_pages == si->pages) {
+		si->lowest_bit = si->max;
+		si->highest_bit = 0;
+		spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
+		plist_del(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
+		spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
+	}
+}
+
+static void swap_range_free(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long offset,
+			    unsigned int nr_entries)
+{
+	unsigned long end = offset + nr_entries - 1;
+	void (*swap_slot_free_notify)(struct block_device *, unsigned long);
+
+	if (offset < si->lowest_bit)
+		si->lowest_bit = offset;
+	if (end > si->highest_bit) {
+		bool was_full = !si->highest_bit;
+
+		si->highest_bit = end;
+		if (was_full && (si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
+			spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
+			WARN_ON(!plist_node_empty(&si->avail_list));
+			if (plist_node_empty(&si->avail_list))
+				plist_add(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
+			spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
+		}
+	}
+	atomic_long_add(nr_entries, &nr_swap_pages);
+	si->inuse_pages -= nr_entries;
+	if (si->flags & SWP_BLKDEV)
+		swap_slot_free_notify =
+			si->bdev->bd_disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify;
+	else
+		swap_slot_free_notify = NULL;
+	while (offset <= end) {
+		frontswap_invalidate_page(si->type, offset);
+		if (swap_slot_free_notify)
+			swap_slot_free_notify(si->bdev, offset);
+		offset++;
+	}
+}
+
 static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 			       unsigned char usage, int nr,
 			       swp_entry_t slots[])
@@ -677,18 +747,7 @@ static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 	inc_cluster_info_page(si, si->cluster_info, offset);
 	unlock_cluster(ci);
 
-	if (offset == si->lowest_bit)
-		si->lowest_bit++;
-	if (offset == si->highest_bit)
-		si->highest_bit--;
-	si->inuse_pages++;
-	if (si->inuse_pages == si->pages) {
-		si->lowest_bit = si->max;
-		si->highest_bit = 0;
-		spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
-		plist_del(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
-		spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
-	}
+	swap_range_alloc(si, offset, 1);
 	si->cluster_next = offset + 1;
 	slots[n_ret++] = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
 
@@ -767,6 +826,52 @@ static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 	return n_ret;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
+static int swap_alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t *slot)
+{
+	unsigned long idx;
+	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
+	unsigned long offset, i;
+	unsigned char *map;
+
+	if (cluster_list_empty(&si->free_clusters))
+		return 0;
+
+	idx = cluster_list_first(&si->free_clusters);
+	offset = idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
+	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
+	alloc_cluster(si, idx);
+	cluster_set_count_flag(ci, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER, 0);
+
+	map = si->swap_map + offset;
+	for (i = 0; i < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER; i++)
+		map[i] = SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
+	unlock_cluster(ci);
+	swap_range_alloc(si, offset, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
+	*slot = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void swap_free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
+{
+	unsigned long offset = idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
+	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
+
+	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
+	cluster_set_count_flag(ci, 0, 0);
+	free_cluster(si, idx);
+	unlock_cluster(ci);
+	swap_range_free(si, offset, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
+}
+#else
+static int swap_alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t *slot)
+{
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_THP_SWAP */
+
 static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 				   unsigned char usage)
 {
@@ -782,13 +887,17 @@ static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 
 }
 
-int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
+int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, bool cluster, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
 {
+	unsigned long nr_pages = cluster ? SWAPFILE_CLUSTER : 1;
 	struct swap_info_struct *si, *next;
 	long avail_pgs;
 	int n_ret = 0;
 
-	avail_pgs = atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages);
+	/* Only single cluster request supported */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(n_goal > 1 && cluster);
+
+	avail_pgs = atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages) / nr_pages;
 	if (avail_pgs <= 0)
 		goto noswap;
 
@@ -798,7 +907,7 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
 	if (n_goal > avail_pgs)
 		n_goal = avail_pgs;
 
-	atomic_long_sub(n_goal, &nr_swap_pages);
+	atomic_long_sub(n_goal * nr_pages, &nr_swap_pages);
 
 	spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
 
@@ -824,10 +933,13 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
 			spin_unlock(&si->lock);
 			goto nextsi;
 		}
-		n_ret = scan_swap_map_slots(si, SWAP_HAS_CACHE,
-					    n_goal, swp_entries);
+		if (likely(cluster))
+			n_ret = swap_alloc_cluster(si, swp_entries);
+		else
+			n_ret = scan_swap_map_slots(si, SWAP_HAS_CACHE,
+						    n_goal, swp_entries);
 		spin_unlock(&si->lock);
-		if (n_ret)
+		if (n_ret || unlikely(cluster))
 			goto check_out;
 		pr_debug("scan_swap_map of si %d failed to find offset\n",
 			si->type);
@@ -853,7 +965,8 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
 
 check_out:
 	if (n_ret < n_goal)
-		atomic_long_add((long) (n_goal-n_ret), &nr_swap_pages);
+		atomic_long_add((long)(n_goal - n_ret) * nr_pages,
+				&nr_swap_pages);
 noswap:
 	return n_ret;
 }
@@ -1009,32 +1122,8 @@ static void swap_entry_free(struct swap_info_struct *p, swp_entry_t entry)
 	dec_cluster_info_page(p, p->cluster_info, offset);
 	unlock_cluster(ci);
 
-	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry);
-	if (offset < p->lowest_bit)
-		p->lowest_bit = offset;
-	if (offset > p->highest_bit) {
-		bool was_full = !p->highest_bit;
-
-		p->highest_bit = offset;
-		if (was_full && (p->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
-			spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
-			WARN_ON(!plist_node_empty(&p->avail_list));
-			if (plist_node_empty(&p->avail_list))
-				plist_add(&p->avail_list,
-					  &swap_avail_head);
-			spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
-		}
-	}
-	atomic_long_inc(&nr_swap_pages);
-	p->inuse_pages--;
-	frontswap_invalidate_page(p->type, offset);
-	if (p->flags & SWP_BLKDEV) {
-		struct gendisk *disk = p->bdev->bd_disk;
-
-		if (disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify)
-			disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify(p->bdev,
-							  offset);
-	}
+	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, 1);
+	swap_range_free(p, offset, 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1066,6 +1155,33 @@ void swapcache_free(swp_entry_t entry)
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
+void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry)
+{
+	unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
+	unsigned long idx = offset / SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
+	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
+	struct swap_info_struct *si;
+	unsigned char *map;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	si = swap_info_get(entry);
+	if (!si)
+		return;
+
+	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
+	map = si->swap_map + offset;
+	for (i = 0; i < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER; i++) {
+		VM_BUG_ON(map[i] != SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
+		map[i] = 0;
+	}
+	unlock_cluster(ci);
+	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
+	swap_free_cluster(si, idx);
+	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_THP_SWAP */
+
 static int swp_entry_cmp(const void *ent1, const void *ent2)
 {
 	const swp_entry_t *e1 = ent1, *e2 = ent2;
-- 
2.11.0

^ permalink raw reply related	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly
  2017-04-19  7:06 [PATCH -mm -v9 0/3] THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out Huang, Ying
@ 2017-04-19  7:06 ` Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19 16:13   ` Johannes Weiner
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 3/3] mm, THP, swap: Enable THP swap optimization only if has compound map Huang, Ying
  2 siblings, 1 reply; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-19  7:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andrew Morton; +Cc: linux-mm, linux-kernel, Huang Ying, Johannes Weiner

From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>

To swap out THP (Transparent Huage Page), before splitting the THP,
the swap cluster will be allocated and the THP will be added into the
swap cache.  But it is possible that the THP cannot be split, so that
we must delete the THP from the swap cache and free the swap cluster.
To avoid that, in this patch, whether the THP can be split is checked
firstly.  The check can only be done racy, but it is good enough for
most cases.

With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 3.6% (from about
4.16GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device.  To
test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
RAM and part of the swap device is used up.

Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for can_split_huge_page()]
---
 include/linux/huge_mm.h |  7 +++++++
 mm/huge_memory.c        | 20 ++++++++++++++++----
 mm/swap_state.c         |  4 ++++
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/huge_mm.h b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
index a3762d49ba39..d3b3e8fcc717 100644
--- a/include/linux/huge_mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ extern unsigned long thp_get_unmapped_area(struct file *filp,
 extern void prep_transhuge_page(struct page *page);
 extern void free_transhuge_page(struct page *page);
 
+bool can_split_huge_page(struct page *page, int *pextra_pins);
 int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list);
 static inline int split_huge_page(struct page *page)
 {
@@ -231,6 +232,12 @@ static inline void prep_transhuge_page(struct page *page) {}
 
 #define thp_get_unmapped_area	NULL
 
+static inline bool
+can_split_huge_page(struct page *page, int *pextra_pins)
+{
+	BUILD_BUG();
+	return false;
+}
 static inline int
 split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 {
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index b7c06476590e..3a14c77fcce7 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -2384,6 +2384,21 @@ int page_trans_huge_mapcount(struct page *page, int *total_mapcount)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/* Racy check whether the huge page can be split */
+bool can_split_huge_page(struct page *page, int *pextra_pins)
+{
+	int extra_pins;
+
+	/* Additional pins from radix tree */
+	if (PageAnon(page))
+		extra_pins = PageSwapCache(page) ? HPAGE_PMD_NR : 0;
+	else
+		extra_pins = HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+	if (pextra_pins)
+		*pextra_pins = extra_pins;
+	return total_mapcount(page) == page_count(page) - extra_pins - 1;
+}
+
 /*
  * This function splits huge page into normal pages. @page can point to any
  * subpage of huge page to split. Split doesn't change the position of @page.
@@ -2431,7 +2446,6 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 			ret = -EBUSY;
 			goto out;
 		}
-		extra_pins = PageSwapCache(page) ? HPAGE_PMD_NR : 0;
 		mapping = NULL;
 		anon_vma_lock_write(anon_vma);
 	} else {
@@ -2443,8 +2457,6 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 			goto out;
 		}
 
-		/* Addidional pins from radix tree */
-		extra_pins = HPAGE_PMD_NR;
 		anon_vma = NULL;
 		i_mmap_lock_read(mapping);
 	}
@@ -2453,7 +2465,7 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 	 * Racy check if we can split the page, before freeze_page() will
 	 * split PMDs
 	 */
-	if (total_mapcount(head) != page_count(head) - extra_pins - 1) {
+	if (!can_split_huge_page(head, &extra_pins)) {
 		ret = -EBUSY;
 		goto out_unlock;
 	}
diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
index c3478ee6e633..3a3217f68937 100644
--- a/mm/swap_state.c
+++ b/mm/swap_state.c
@@ -192,6 +192,10 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);
 
+	/* cannot split, skip it */
+	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) && !can_split_huge_page(page, NULL))
+		return 0;
+
 retry:
 	entry = get_swap_page(page);
 	if (!entry.val)
-- 
2.11.0

^ permalink raw reply related	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* [PATCH -mm -v9 3/3] mm, THP, swap: Enable THP swap optimization only if has compound map
  2017-04-19  7:06 [PATCH -mm -v9 0/3] THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly Huang, Ying
@ 2017-04-19  7:06 ` Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19 16:00   ` Johannes Weiner
  2 siblings, 1 reply; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-19  7:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andrew Morton; +Cc: linux-mm, linux-kernel, Huang Ying, Johannes Weiner

From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>

If there is no compound map for a THP (Transparent Huge Page), it is
possible that the map count of some sub-pages of the THP is 0.  So it
is better to split the THP before swapping out. In this way, the
sub-pages not mapped will be freed, and we can avoid the unnecessary
swap out operations for these sub-pages.

Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
---
 mm/swap_state.c | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
index 3a3217f68937..b025c9878e5e 100644
--- a/mm/swap_state.c
+++ b/mm/swap_state.c
@@ -192,9 +192,15 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);
 
-	/* cannot split, skip it */
-	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) && !can_split_huge_page(page, NULL))
-		return 0;
+	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page))) {
+		/* cannot split, skip it */
+		if (!can_split_huge_page(page, NULL))
+			return 0;
+		/* fallback to split huge page firstly if no PMD map */
+		if (!compound_mapcount(page) &&
+		    split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
+			return 0;
+	}
 
 retry:
 	entry = get_swap_page(page);
-- 
2.11.0

^ permalink raw reply related	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out Huang, Ying
@ 2017-04-19 15:52   ` Johannes Weiner
  2017-04-20  0:43     ` Huang, Ying
  2017-04-21  6:11   ` Balbir Singh
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 16+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Weiner @ 2017-04-19 15:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Huang, Ying
  Cc: Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel, Andrea Arcangeli,
	Ebru Akagunduz, Michal Hocko, Tejun Heo, Hugh Dickins,
	Shaohua Li, Minchan Kim, Rik van Riel, cgroups

On Wed, Apr 19, 2017 at 03:06:23PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
> @@ -206,17 +212,34 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>  	 */
>  	err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
>  			__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
> -
> -	if (!err) {
> -		return 1;
> -	} else {	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
> +	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
> +	if (err)
>  		/*
>  		 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
>  		 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
>  		 */
> -		swapcache_free(entry);
> -		return 0;
> +		goto fail_free;
> +
> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page))) {
> +		err = split_huge_page_to_list(page, list);
> +		if (err) {
> +			delete_from_swap_cache(page);
> +			return 0;
> +		}
>  	}
> +
> +	return 1;
> +
> +fail_free:
> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
> +		swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
> +	else
> +		swapcache_free(entry);
> +fail:
> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) &&
> +	    !split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
> +		goto retry;

May I ask why you added the unlikelies there? Can you generally say
THPs are unlikely in this path? Is the swap-out path so hot that
branch layout is critical? I doubt either is true.

Also please mention changes like these in the changelog next time.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 3/3] mm, THP, swap: Enable THP swap optimization only if has compound map
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 3/3] mm, THP, swap: Enable THP swap optimization only if has compound map Huang, Ying
@ 2017-04-19 16:00   ` Johannes Weiner
  2017-04-20  0:51     ` Huang, Ying
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 16+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Weiner @ 2017-04-19 16:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Huang, Ying; +Cc: Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel

On Wed, Apr 19, 2017 at 03:06:25PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
> From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> 
> If there is no compound map for a THP (Transparent Huge Page), it is
> possible that the map count of some sub-pages of the THP is 0.  So it
> is better to split the THP before swapping out. In this way, the
> sub-pages not mapped will be freed, and we can avoid the unnecessary
> swap out operations for these sub-pages.
> 
> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
> ---
>  mm/swap_state.c | 12 +++++++++---
>  1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
> index 3a3217f68937..b025c9878e5e 100644
> --- a/mm/swap_state.c
> +++ b/mm/swap_state.c
> @@ -192,9 +192,15 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);
>  
> -	/* cannot split, skip it */
> -	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) && !can_split_huge_page(page, NULL))
> -		return 0;
> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page))) {
> +		/* cannot split, skip it */
> +		if (!can_split_huge_page(page, NULL))
> +			return 0;
> +		/* fallback to split huge page firstly if no PMD map */
> +		if (!compound_mapcount(page) &&
> +		    split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
> +			return 0;
> +	}

This looks good to me, but could you please elaborate the comment a
little bit with what you have in the changelog? Something like:

	/*
	 * Split pages without a PMD map right away. Chances are
	 * some or all of the tail pages can be freed without IO.
	 */

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly Huang, Ying
@ 2017-04-19 16:13   ` Johannes Weiner
  2017-04-20  0:50     ` Huang, Ying
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 16+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Weiner @ 2017-04-19 16:13 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Huang, Ying; +Cc: Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel

On Wed, Apr 19, 2017 at 03:06:24PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
> From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> 
> To swap out THP (Transparent Huage Page), before splitting the THP,
> the swap cluster will be allocated and the THP will be added into the
> swap cache.  But it is possible that the THP cannot be split, so that
> we must delete the THP from the swap cache and free the swap cluster.
> To avoid that, in this patch, whether the THP can be split is checked
> firstly.  The check can only be done racy, but it is good enough for
> most cases.
> 
> With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 3.6% (from about
> 4.16GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
> with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
> device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device.  To
> test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
> which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
> RAM and part of the swap device is used up.
> 
> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for can_split_huge_page()]

How often does this actually happen in practice? Because all that this
protects us from is trying to allocate a swap cluster - which with the
si->free_clusters list really isn't all that expensive - and return it
again. Unless this happens all the time in practice, this optimization
seems misplaced.

It's especially a little strange because in the other email I asked
about the need for unlikely() annotations, yet this patch is adding
branches and checks for what seems to be an unlikely condition into
the THP hot path.

I'd suggest you drop both these optimization attempts unless there is
real data proving that they have a measurable impact.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out
  2017-04-19 15:52   ` Johannes Weiner
@ 2017-04-20  0:43     ` Huang, Ying
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-20  0:43 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Johannes Weiner
  Cc: Huang, Ying, Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel,
	Andrea Arcangeli, Ebru Akagunduz, Michal Hocko, Tejun Heo,
	Hugh Dickins, Shaohua Li, Minchan Kim, Rik van Riel, cgroups

Hi, Johannes,

Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> writes:

> On Wed, Apr 19, 2017 at 03:06:23PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> @@ -206,17 +212,34 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>>  	 */
>>  	err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
>>  			__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
>> -
>> -	if (!err) {
>> -		return 1;
>> -	} else {	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
>> +	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
>> +	if (err)
>>  		/*
>>  		 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
>>  		 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
>>  		 */
>> -		swapcache_free(entry);
>> -		return 0;
>> +		goto fail_free;
>> +
>> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page))) {
>> +		err = split_huge_page_to_list(page, list);
>> +		if (err) {
>> +			delete_from_swap_cache(page);
>> +			return 0;
>> +		}
>>  	}
>> +
>> +	return 1;
>> +
>> +fail_free:
>> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
>> +		swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
>> +	else
>> +		swapcache_free(entry);
>> +fail:
>> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) &&
>> +	    !split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
>> +		goto retry;
>
> May I ask why you added the unlikelies there? Can you generally say
> THPs are unlikely in this path? Is the swap-out path so hot that
> branch layout is critical? I doubt either is true.

I just found there are unlikely() encloses PageTransHuge() in the
original add_to_swap(), so I just follow the original style.  But I
don't think they make much sense too.  Will remove them in the next
version.

> Also please mention changes like these in the changelog next time.

Sorry and will do that in the future.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly
  2017-04-19 16:13   ` Johannes Weiner
@ 2017-04-20  0:50     ` Huang, Ying
  2017-04-20 20:50       ` Johannes Weiner
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-20  0:50 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Johannes Weiner; +Cc: Huang, Ying, Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel

Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> writes:

> On Wed, Apr 19, 2017 at 03:06:24PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
>> 
>> To swap out THP (Transparent Huage Page), before splitting the THP,
>> the swap cluster will be allocated and the THP will be added into the
>> swap cache.  But it is possible that the THP cannot be split, so that
>> we must delete the THP from the swap cache and free the swap cluster.
>> To avoid that, in this patch, whether the THP can be split is checked
>> firstly.  The check can only be done racy, but it is good enough for
>> most cases.
>> 
>> With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 3.6% (from about
>> 4.16GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
>> with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
>> device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device.  To
>> test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
>> which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
>> RAM and part of the swap device is used up.
>> 
>> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
>> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
>> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for can_split_huge_page()]
>
> How often does this actually happen in practice? Because all that this
> protects us from is trying to allocate a swap cluster - which with the
> si->free_clusters list really isn't all that expensive - and return it
> again. Unless this happens all the time in practice, this optimization
> seems misplaced.

In addition to allocate/free swap cluster, add/delete to/from the swap
cache will be called too.

> It's especially a little strange because in the other email I asked
> about the need for unlikely() annotations, yet this patch is adding
> branches and checks for what seems to be an unlikely condition into
> the THP hot path.
>
> I'd suggest you drop both these optimization attempts unless there is
> real data proving that they have a measurable impact.

To my surprise too, I found this patch has measurable impact in my
test.  The swap out throughput improves 3.6% in the vm-scalability
swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes.  Details are in the original
patch description.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 3/3] mm, THP, swap: Enable THP swap optimization only if has compound map
  2017-04-19 16:00   ` Johannes Weiner
@ 2017-04-20  0:51     ` Huang, Ying
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-20  0:51 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Johannes Weiner; +Cc: Huang, Ying, Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel

Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> writes:

> On Wed, Apr 19, 2017 at 03:06:25PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
>> 
>> If there is no compound map for a THP (Transparent Huge Page), it is
>> possible that the map count of some sub-pages of the THP is 0.  So it
>> is better to split the THP before swapping out. In this way, the
>> sub-pages not mapped will be freed, and we can avoid the unnecessary
>> swap out operations for these sub-pages.
>> 
>> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
>> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
>> ---
>>  mm/swap_state.c | 12 +++++++++---
>>  1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>> 
>> diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
>> index 3a3217f68937..b025c9878e5e 100644
>> --- a/mm/swap_state.c
>> +++ b/mm/swap_state.c
>> @@ -192,9 +192,15 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);
>>  
>> -	/* cannot split, skip it */
>> -	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) && !can_split_huge_page(page, NULL))
>> -		return 0;
>> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page))) {
>> +		/* cannot split, skip it */
>> +		if (!can_split_huge_page(page, NULL))
>> +			return 0;
>> +		/* fallback to split huge page firstly if no PMD map */
>> +		if (!compound_mapcount(page) &&
>> +		    split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
>> +			return 0;
>> +	}
>
> This looks good to me, but could you please elaborate the comment a
> little bit with what you have in the changelog? Something like:
>
> 	/*
> 	 * Split pages without a PMD map right away. Chances are
> 	 * some or all of the tail pages can be freed without IO.
> 	 */

The comments look much better!  Thanks!  I will change it.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly
  2017-04-20  0:50     ` Huang, Ying
@ 2017-04-20 20:50       ` Johannes Weiner
  2017-04-21  0:34         ` Huang, Ying
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 16+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Weiner @ 2017-04-20 20:50 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Huang, Ying; +Cc: Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel

On Thu, Apr 20, 2017 at 08:50:43AM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
> Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> writes:
> > On Wed, Apr 19, 2017 at 03:06:24PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
> >> With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 3.6% (from about
> >> 4.16GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
> >> with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
> >> device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device.  To
> >> test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
> >> which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
> >> RAM and part of the swap device is used up.
> >> 
> >> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> >> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
> >> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for can_split_huge_page()]
> >
> > How often does this actually happen in practice? Because all that this
> > protects us from is trying to allocate a swap cluster - which with the
> > si->free_clusters list really isn't all that expensive - and return it
> > again. Unless this happens all the time in practice, this optimization
> > seems misplaced.
>
> To my surprise too, I found this patch has measurable impact in my
> test.  The swap out throughput improves 3.6% in the vm-scalability
> swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes.  Details are in the original
> patch description.

Yeah I think that justifies it.

The changelog says "the patchset", I didn't realize this is the gain
from just this patch alone. Care to update that?

Thanks!

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly
  2017-04-20 20:50       ` Johannes Weiner
@ 2017-04-21  0:34         ` Huang, Ying
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-21  0:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Johannes Weiner; +Cc: Huang, Ying, Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel

Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> writes:

> On Thu, Apr 20, 2017 at 08:50:43AM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> writes:
>> > On Wed, Apr 19, 2017 at 03:06:24PM +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> >> With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 3.6% (from about
>> >> 4.16GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
>> >> with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
>> >> device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device.  To
>> >> test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
>> >> which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
>> >> RAM and part of the swap device is used up.
>> >> 
>> >> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
>> >> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
>> >> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for can_split_huge_page()]
>> >
>> > How often does this actually happen in practice? Because all that this
>> > protects us from is trying to allocate a swap cluster - which with the
>> > si->free_clusters list really isn't all that expensive - and return it
>> > again. Unless this happens all the time in practice, this optimization
>> > seems misplaced.
>>
>> To my surprise too, I found this patch has measurable impact in my
>> test.  The swap out throughput improves 3.6% in the vm-scalability
>> swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes.  Details are in the original
>> patch description.
>
> Yeah I think that justifies it.
>
> The changelog says "the patchset", I didn't realize this is the gain
> from just this patch alone. Care to update that?

Sorry for confusing, will update it in the next version.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

> Thanks!

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out
  2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out Huang, Ying
  2017-04-19 15:52   ` Johannes Weiner
@ 2017-04-21  6:11   ` Balbir Singh
  2017-04-21  7:21     ` Huang, Ying
  2017-04-21 14:08     ` Johannes Weiner
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 16+ messages in thread
From: Balbir Singh @ 2017-04-21  6:11 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Huang, Ying, Andrew Morton
  Cc: linux-mm, linux-kernel, Andrea Arcangeli, Ebru Akagunduz,
	Johannes Weiner, Michal Hocko, Tejun Heo, Hugh Dickins,
	Shaohua Li, Minchan Kim, Rik van Riel, cgroups

On Wed, 2017-04-19 at 15:06 +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
> From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
> 
> In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first
> step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the
> THP (Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache.
> This will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out
> throughput.
> 
> This is the first step for the THP swap optimization.  The plan is to
> delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP
> finally.
> 
> The advantages of the THP swap support include:
> 
> - Batch the swap operations for the THP and reduce lock
>   acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space,
>   adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap
>   space, etc.  This will help to improve the THP swap performance.
> 
> - The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO.  It is
>   particularly helpful for the swap read, which usually are 4k random
>   IO.  This will help to improve the THP swap performance.
> 
> - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is
>   heavily used by the applications.  The 2M continuous pages will be
>   free up after the THP swapping out.
> 
> - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap
>   turned on.  Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal
>   pages into the THP is quite slow.  After the THP is split during the
>   swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to
>   collapse back into the THP after being swapped in.  The high THP
>   utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management
>   too.
> 
> There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible
> enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on
> the storage device.  To deal with that, the THP swap in should be
> turned on only when necessary.  For example, it can be selected via
> "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off
> globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc.
> 
> In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each
> THP swapped out.  So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that
> of the THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512).  For
> other architectures which want such THP swap optimization,
> ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file
> for the architecture. 

Does the arch need to do anything else?

 In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size
> by 2 times on x86_64.  Which may make it harder to find a free cluster
> when the swap space becomes fragmented.  So that, this may reduce the
> continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory.  The
> performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this.

This will also depend on the swap configuration, with swap files this
should hopefully be less of an issue, with swap partitions, maybe?

> 
> In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the
> swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the
> swap_cluster_info data structure.
> 
> The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support
> charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole.

Thanks and in the future it will be good to add stats to indicate
the number of THP swapped out for tracking.

> 
> The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a
> swap cluster for a THP.  A fair simple algorithm is used for swap
> cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority
> list will be tried to allocate the swap cluster.

I think this needs to be fixed in the long run, otherwise the bandwidth
utilization issues you mention will not be solved. If the underlying
storage provides RAID/LVM and uses a single swap partition, then your
strategy is OK.

  The function will
> fail if the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to
> allocate a single swap slot instead.  This works good enough for
> normal cases.  If the difference of the number of the free swap
> clusters among multiple swap devices is significant, it is possible
> that some THPs are split earlier than necessary.  For example, this
> could be caused by big size difference among multiple swap devices.
> 
> The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from
> the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages.  This may be
> enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree.  But because we
> will split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't
> make much sense for this first step.
> 
> The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in
> swap cache during swapping out.  The page lock will be held during
> allocating the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and
> splitting the THP.  So in the code path other than swapping out, if
> the THP need to be split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false.
> 
> The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap
> optimization in this patchset has no effect for HDD.

Is this due to lack of testing or its known that HDDs don't do well
with THP swap in/swap out?

> 
> With the patch, the swap out throughput improves 11.5% (from about
> 3.73GB/s to about 4.16GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
> with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
> device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. 

I am not sure if RAM simulating PMEM is a fair way to test, its just
memcpy and no swap out.

 To
> test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
> which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
> RAM and part of the swap device is used up.
> 
> [hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size]
> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
> Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
> Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org
> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> [for config option]
> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h]
> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> ---
>  arch/x86/Kconfig            |   1 +
>  include/linux/page-flags.h  |   7 +-
>  include/linux/swap.h        |  25 ++++-
>  include/linux/swap_cgroup.h |   6 +-
>  mm/Kconfig                  |  12 +++
>  mm/huge_memory.c            |  11 +-
>  mm/memcontrol.c             |  49 ++++-----
>  mm/shmem.c                  |   2 +-
>  mm/swap_cgroup.c            |  40 +++++--
>  mm/swap_slots.c             |  16 ++-
>  mm/swap_state.c             | 115 ++++++++++++--------
>  mm/swapfile.c               | 256 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
>  12 files changed, 375 insertions(+), 165 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
> index c43f47622440..aaa7cdd601fe 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
> @@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ config X86
>  	select ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH if SMP
>  	select ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS
>  	select ARCH_WANTS_DYNAMIC_TASK_STRUCT
> +	select ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP		if X86_64
>  	select BUILDTIME_EXTABLE_SORT
>  	select CLKEVT_I8253
>  	select CLOCKSOURCE_VALIDATE_LAST_CYCLE
> diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
> index 6b5818d6de32..d33e3280c8ad 100644
> --- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
> +++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
> @@ -326,11 +326,14 @@ PAGEFLAG_FALSE(HighMem)
>  #ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
>  static __always_inline int PageSwapCache(struct page *page)
>  {
> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
> +	page = compound_head(page);
> +#endif

Can we please add a static inline THPSwapPage() that returns page_compound(page)
for CONFIG_THP_SWAP and page otherwise?

>  	return PageSwapBacked(page) && test_bit(PG_swapcache, &page->flags);
>  
>  }
> -SETPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_COMPOUND)
> -CLEARPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_COMPOUND)
> +SETPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_TAIL)
> +CLEARPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_TAIL)
>  #else
>  PAGEFLAG_FALSE(SwapCache)
>  #endif
> diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
> index ba5882419a7d..b60fea3748f8 100644
> --- a/include/linux/swap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/swap.h
> @@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ struct bio;
>  				 SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES)
>  #define SWAP_BATCH 64
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
> +#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	HPAGE_PMD_NR

I wonder if this should be max(HPAGE_PMD_NR, 256)?

> +#else
> +#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	256
> +#endif
> +
>  static inline int current_is_kswapd(void)
>  {
>  	return current->flags & PF_KSWAPD;
> @@ -386,9 +392,9 @@ static inline long get_nr_swap_pages(void)
>  }
>  
>  extern void si_swapinfo(struct sysinfo *);
> -extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void);
> +extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page);
>  extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page_of_type(int);
> -extern int get_swap_pages(int n, swp_entry_t swp_entries[]);
> +extern int get_swap_pages(int n, bool cluster, swp_entry_t swp_entries[]);
>  extern int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t, gfp_t);
>  extern void swap_shmem_alloc(swp_entry_t);
>  extern int swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t);
> @@ -515,7 +521,7 @@ static inline int try_to_free_swap(struct page *page)
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> -static inline swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
> +static inline swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page)
>  {
>  	swp_entry_t entry;
>  	entry.val = 0;
> @@ -548,7 +554,7 @@ static inline int mem_cgroup_swappiness(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
>  #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
>  extern void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry);
>  extern int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry);
> -extern void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry);
> +extern void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned int nr_pages);
>  extern long mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);
>  extern bool mem_cgroup_swap_full(struct page *page);
>  #else
> @@ -562,7 +568,8 @@ static inline int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page,
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> -static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
> +static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry,
> +					    unsigned int nr_pages)
>  {
>  }
>  
> @@ -577,5 +584,13 @@ static inline bool mem_cgroup_swap_full(struct page *page)
>  }
>  #endif
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
> +extern void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry);
> +#else
> +static inline void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry)
> +{
> +}
> +#endif
> +
>  #endif /* __KERNEL__*/
>  #endif /* _LINUX_SWAP_H */
> diff --git a/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h b/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
> index 145306bdc92f..b2b8ec7bda3f 100644
> --- a/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
> +++ b/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
> @@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
>  
>  extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(swp_entry_t ent,
>  					unsigned short old, unsigned short new);
> -extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id);
> +extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
> +					 unsigned int nr_ents);
>  extern unsigned short lookup_swap_cgroup_id(swp_entry_t ent);
>  extern int swap_cgroup_swapon(int type, unsigned long max_pages);
>  extern void swap_cgroup_swapoff(int type);
> @@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ extern void swap_cgroup_swapoff(int type);
>  #else
>  
>  static inline
> -unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id)
> +unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
> +				  unsigned int nr_ents)
>  {
>  	return 0;
>  }
> diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
> index c89f472b658c..660fb765bf7d 100644
> --- a/mm/Kconfig
> +++ b/mm/Kconfig
> @@ -447,6 +447,18 @@ choice
>  	  benefit.
>  endchoice
>  
> +config ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
> +       def_bool n
> +
> +config THP_SWAP
> +	def_bool y
> +	depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
> +	help
> +	  Swap transparent huge pages in one piece, without splitting.
> +	  XXX: For now this only does clustered swap space allocation.
> +
> +	  For selection by architectures with reasonable THP sizes.
> +
>  config	TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE
>  	def_bool y
>  	depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index a84909cf20d3..b7c06476590e 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -2197,7 +2197,7 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct page *head, int tail,
>  	 * atomic_set() here would be safe on all archs (and not only on x86),
>  	 * it's safer to use atomic_inc()/atomic_add().
>  	 */
> -	if (PageAnon(head)) {
> +	if (PageAnon(head) && !PageSwapCache(head)) {
>  		page_ref_inc(page_tail);
>  	} else {
>  		/* Additional pin to radix tree */
> @@ -2208,6 +2208,7 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct page *head, int tail,
>  	page_tail->flags |= (head->flags &
>  			((1L << PG_referenced) |
>  			 (1L << PG_swapbacked) |
> +			 (1L << PG_swapcache) |
>  			 (1L << PG_mlocked) |
>  			 (1L << PG_uptodate) |
>  			 (1L << PG_active) |
> @@ -2270,7 +2271,11 @@ static void __split_huge_page(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
>  	ClearPageCompound(head);
>  	/* See comment in __split_huge_page_tail() */
>  	if (PageAnon(head)) {
> -		page_ref_inc(head);
> +		/* Additional pin to radix tree of swap cache */
> +		if (PageSwapCache(head))
> +			page_ref_add(head, 2);
> +		else
> +			page_ref_inc(head);
>  	} else {
>  		/* Additional pin to radix tree */
>  		page_ref_add(head, 2);
> @@ -2426,7 +2431,7 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>  			ret = -EBUSY;
>  			goto out;
>  		}
> -		extra_pins = 0;
> +		extra_pins = PageSwapCache(page) ? HPAGE_PMD_NR : 0;
>  		mapping = NULL;
>  		anon_vma_lock_write(anon_vma);
>  	} else {
> diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
> index ff73899af61a..e374582c1d9c 100644
> --- a/mm/memcontrol.c
> +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
> @@ -2376,10 +2376,9 @@ void mem_cgroup_split_huge_fixup(struct page *head)
>  
>  #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
>  static void mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
> -					 bool charge)
> +				       int nr_entries)
>  {
> -	int val = (charge) ? 1 : -1;
> -	this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEMCG_SWAP], val);
> +	this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEMCG_SWAP], nr_entries);
>  }
>  
>  /**
> @@ -2405,8 +2404,8 @@ static int mem_cgroup_move_swap_account(swp_entry_t entry,
>  	new_id = mem_cgroup_id(to);
>  
>  	if (swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(entry, old_id, new_id) == old_id) {
> -		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(from, false);
> -		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(to, true);
> +		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(from, -1);
> +		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(to, 1);
>  		return 0;
>  	}
>  	return -EINVAL;
> @@ -5445,7 +5444,7 @@ void mem_cgroup_commit_charge(struct page *page, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
>  		 * let's not wait for it.  The page already received a
>  		 * memory+swap charge, drop the swap entry duplicate.
>  		 */
> -		mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry);
> +		mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, nr_pages);
>  	}
>  }
>  
> @@ -5873,9 +5872,9 @@ void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>  	 * ancestor for the swap instead and transfer the memory+swap charge.
>  	 */
>  	swap_memcg = mem_cgroup_id_get_online(memcg);
> -	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(swap_memcg));
> +	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(swap_memcg), 1);
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(oldid, page);
> -	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(swap_memcg, true);
> +	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(swap_memcg, 1);
>  
>  	page->mem_cgroup = NULL;
>  
> @@ -5902,19 +5901,20 @@ void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>  		css_put(&memcg->css);
>  }
>  
> -/*
> - * mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap - try charging a swap entry
> +/**
> + * mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap - try charging swap space for a page
>   * @page: page being added to swap
>   * @entry: swap entry to charge
>   *
> - * Try to charge @entry to the memcg that @page belongs to.
> + * Try to charge @page's memcg for the swap space at @entry.
>   *
>   * Returns 0 on success, -ENOMEM on failure.
>   */
>  int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>  {
> -	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
> +	unsigned int nr_pages = hpage_nr_pages(page);
>  	struct page_counter *counter;
> +	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
>  	unsigned short oldid;
>  
>  	if (!cgroup_subsys_on_dfl(memory_cgrp_subsys) || !do_swap_account)
> @@ -5929,25 +5929,26 @@ int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>  	memcg = mem_cgroup_id_get_online(memcg);
>  
>  	if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg) &&
> -	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, 1, &counter)) {
> +	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, nr_pages, &counter)) {
>  		mem_cgroup_id_put(memcg);
>  		return -ENOMEM;
>  	}
>  
> -	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(memcg));
> +	if (nr_pages > 1)
> +		mem_cgroup_id_get_many(memcg, nr_pages - 1);

The nr_pages -1 is not initutive, a comment about mem_cgroup_id_get_online()
getting 1 would help.

> +	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(memcg), nr_pages);
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(oldid, page);
> -	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, true);
> +	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, nr_pages);
>  
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  /**
> - * mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap - uncharge a swap entry
> + * mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap - uncharge swap space
>   * @entry: swap entry to uncharge
> - *
> - * Drop the swap charge associated with @entry.
> + * @nr_pages: the amount of swap space to uncharge
>   */
> -void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
> +void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned int nr_pages)
>  {
>  	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
>  	unsigned short id;
> @@ -5955,18 +5956,18 @@ void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
>  	if (!do_swap_account)
>  		return;
>  
> -	id = swap_cgroup_record(entry, 0);
> +	id = swap_cgroup_record(entry, 0, nr_pages);
>  	rcu_read_lock();
>  	memcg = mem_cgroup_from_id(id);
>  	if (memcg) {
>  		if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) {
>  			if (cgroup_subsys_on_dfl(memory_cgrp_subsys))
> -				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->swap, 1);
> +				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->swap, nr_pages);
>  			else
> -				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, 1);
> +				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, nr_pages);
>  		}
> -		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, false);
> -		mem_cgroup_id_put(memcg);
> +		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, -nr_pages);
> +		mem_cgroup_id_put_many(memcg, nr_pages);
>  	}
>  	rcu_read_unlock();
>  }
> diff --git a/mm/shmem.c b/mm/shmem.c
> index e67d6ba4e98e..29948d7da172 100644
> --- a/mm/shmem.c
> +++ b/mm/shmem.c
> @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
>  		SetPageUptodate(page);
>  	}
>  
> -	swap = get_swap_page();
> +	swap = get_swap_page(page);
>  	if (!swap.val)
>  		goto redirty;
>  
> diff --git a/mm/swap_cgroup.c b/mm/swap_cgroup.c
> index ac6318a064d3..aee4b36d5207 100644
> --- a/mm/swap_cgroup.c
> +++ b/mm/swap_cgroup.c
> @@ -58,21 +58,27 @@ static int swap_cgroup_prepare(int type)
>  	return -ENOMEM;
>  }
>  
> +static struct swap_cgroup *__lookup_swap_cgroup(struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl,
> +						pgoff_t offset)
> +{
> +	struct page *mappage;
> +	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
> +
> +	mappage = ctrl->map[offset / SC_PER_PAGE];
> +	sc = page_address(mappage);
> +	return sc + offset % SC_PER_PAGE;
> +}
> +
>  static struct swap_cgroup *lookup_swap_cgroup(swp_entry_t ent,
>  					struct swap_cgroup_ctrl **ctrlp)
>  {
>  	pgoff_t offset = swp_offset(ent);
>  	struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl;
> -	struct page *mappage;
> -	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
>  
>  	ctrl = &swap_cgroup_ctrl[swp_type(ent)];
>  	if (ctrlp)
>  		*ctrlp = ctrl;
> -
> -	mappage = ctrl->map[offset / SC_PER_PAGE];
> -	sc = page_address(mappage);
> -	return sc + offset % SC_PER_PAGE;
> +	return __lookup_swap_cgroup(ctrl, offset);
>  }
>  
>  /**
> @@ -105,25 +111,39 @@ unsigned short swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(swp_entry_t ent,
>  }
>  
>  /**
> - * swap_cgroup_record - record mem_cgroup for this swp_entry.
> - * @ent: swap entry to be recorded into
> + * swap_cgroup_record - record mem_cgroup for a set of swap entries
> + * @ent: the first swap entry to be recorded into
>   * @id: mem_cgroup to be recorded
> + * @nr_ents: number of swap entries to be recorded
>   *
>   * Returns old value at success, 0 at failure.
>   * (Of course, old value can be 0.)
>   */
> -unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id)
> +unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
> +				  unsigned int nr_ents)
>  {
>  	struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl;
>  	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
>  	unsigned short old;
>  	unsigned long flags;
> +	pgoff_t offset = swp_offset(ent);
> +	pgoff_t end = offset + nr_ents;
>  
>  	sc = lookup_swap_cgroup(ent, &ctrl);
>  
>  	spin_lock_irqsave(&ctrl->lock, flags);
>  	old = sc->id;
> -	sc->id = id;
> +	for (;;) {
> +		VM_BUG_ON(sc->id != old);
> +		sc->id = id;
> +		offset++;
> +		if (offset == end)
> +			break;
> +		if (offset % SC_PER_PAGE)
> +			sc++;
> +		else
> +			sc = __lookup_swap_cgroup(ctrl, offset);
> +	}
>  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctrl->lock, flags);
>  
>  	return old;
> diff --git a/mm/swap_slots.c b/mm/swap_slots.c
> index 58f6c78f1dad..eb7524f8296d 100644
> --- a/mm/swap_slots.c
> +++ b/mm/swap_slots.c
> @@ -263,7 +263,8 @@ static int refill_swap_slots_cache(struct swap_slots_cache *cache)
>  
>  	cache->cur = 0;
>  	if (swap_slot_cache_active)
> -		cache->nr = get_swap_pages(SWAP_SLOTS_CACHE_SIZE, cache->slots);
> +		cache->nr = get_swap_pages(SWAP_SLOTS_CACHE_SIZE, false,
> +					   cache->slots);
>  
>  	return cache->nr;
>  }
> @@ -301,11 +302,19 @@ int free_swap_slot(swp_entry_t entry)
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> -swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
> +swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page)
>  {
>  	swp_entry_t entry, *pentry;
>  	struct swap_slots_cache *cache;
>  
> +	entry.val = 0;
> +
> +	if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
> +		if (hpage_nr_pages(page) == SWAPFILE_CLUSTER)
> +			get_swap_pages(1, true, &entry);

Are we ready to support multiple THP pages in one SWAPFILE_CLUSTER?
Is there a design limitation?

> +		return entry;
> +	}
> +
>  	/*
>  	 * Preemption is allowed here, because we may sleep
>  	 * in refill_swap_slots_cache().  But it is safe, because
> @@ -317,7 +326,6 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
>  	 */
>  	cache = raw_cpu_ptr(&swp_slots);
>  
> -	entry.val = 0;
>  	if (check_cache_active()) {
>  		mutex_lock(&cache->alloc_lock);
>  		if (cache->slots) {
> @@ -337,7 +345,7 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
>  			return entry;
>  	}
>  
> -	get_swap_pages(1, &entry);
> +	get_swap_pages(1, false, &entry);
>  
>  	return entry;
>  }
> diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
> index 539b8885e3d1..c3478ee6e633 100644
> --- a/mm/swap_state.c
> +++ b/mm/swap_state.c
> @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
>  #include <linux/migrate.h>
>  #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
>  #include <linux/swap_slots.h>
> +#include <linux/huge_mm.h>
>  
>  #include <asm/pgtable.h>
>  
> @@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ struct address_space *swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];
>  static unsigned int nr_swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];
>  
>  #define INC_CACHE_INFO(x)	do { swap_cache_info.x++; } while (0)
> +#define ADD_CACHE_INFO(x, nr)	do { swap_cache_info.x += (nr); } while (0)
>  
>  static struct {
>  	unsigned long add_total;
> @@ -90,39 +92,46 @@ void show_swap_cache_info(void)
>   */
>  int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>  {
> -	int error;
> +	int error, i, nr = hpage_nr_pages(page);
>  	struct address_space *address_space;
> +	pgoff_t idx = swp_offset(entry);
>  
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSwapCache(page), page);
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapBacked(page), page);
>  
> -	get_page(page);
> +	page_ref_add(page, nr);
>  	SetPageSwapCache(page);
> -	set_page_private(page, entry.val);
>  
>  	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
>  	spin_lock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
> -	error = radix_tree_insert(&address_space->page_tree,
> -				  swp_offset(entry), page);
> -	if (likely(!error)) {
> -		address_space->nrpages++;
> -		__inc_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
> -		INC_CACHE_INFO(add_total);
> +	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
> +		set_page_private(page + i, entry.val + i);
> +		error = radix_tree_insert(&address_space->page_tree,
> +					  idx + i, page + i);
> +		if (unlikely(error))
> +			break;
>  	}
> -	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
> -
> -	if (unlikely(error)) {
> +	if (likely(!error)) {
> +		address_space->nrpages += nr;
> +		__mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_FILE_PAGES, nr);
> +		ADD_CACHE_INFO(add_total, nr);
> +	} else {
>  		/*
>  		 * Only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag
>  		 * would call add_to_swap_cache().
>  		 * So add_to_swap_cache() doesn't returns -EEXIST.
>  		 */
>  		VM_BUG_ON(error == -EEXIST);
> -		set_page_private(page, 0UL);
> +		set_page_private(page + i, 0UL);
> +		while (i--) {
> +			radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, idx + i);
> +			set_page_private(page + i, 0UL);
> +		}
>  		ClearPageSwapCache(page);
> -		put_page(page);
> +		page_ref_sub(page, nr);
>  	}
> +	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
>  
>  	return error;
>  }
> @@ -132,7 +141,7 @@ int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
>  {
>  	int error;
>  
> -	error = radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_mask);
> +	error = radix_tree_maybe_preload_order(gfp_mask, compound_order(page));
>  	if (!error) {
>  		error = __add_to_swap_cache(page, entry);
>  		radix_tree_preload_end();
> @@ -146,8 +155,10 @@ int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
>   */
>  void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
>  {
> -	swp_entry_t entry;
>  	struct address_space *address_space;
> +	int i, nr = hpage_nr_pages(page);
> +	swp_entry_t entry;
> +	pgoff_t idx;
>  
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapCache(page), page);
> @@ -155,12 +166,15 @@ void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
>  
>  	entry.val = page_private(page);
>  	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
> -	radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, swp_offset(entry));
> -	set_page_private(page, 0);
> +	idx = swp_offset(entry);
> +	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
> +		radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, idx + i);
> +		set_page_private(page + i, 0);
> +	}
>  	ClearPageSwapCache(page);
> -	address_space->nrpages--;
> -	__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
> -	INC_CACHE_INFO(del_total);
> +	address_space->nrpages -= nr;
> +	__mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_FILE_PAGES, -nr);
> +	ADD_CACHE_INFO(del_total, nr);
>  }
>  
>  /**
> @@ -178,20 +192,12 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);
>  
> -	entry = get_swap_page();
> +retry:
> +	entry = get_swap_page(page);
>  	if (!entry.val)
> -		return 0;
> -
> -	if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(page, entry)) {
> -		swapcache_free(entry);
> -		return 0;
> -	}
> -
> -	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
> -		if (unlikely(split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))) {
> -			swapcache_free(entry);
> -			return 0;
> -		}
> +		goto fail;
> +	if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(page, entry))
> +		goto fail_free;
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * Radix-tree node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
> @@ -206,17 +212,34 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>  	 */
>  	err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
>  			__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
> -
> -	if (!err) {
> -		return 1;
> -	} else {	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
> +	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
> +	if (err)
>  		/*
>  		 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
>  		 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
>  		 */
> -		swapcache_free(entry);
> -		return 0;
> +		goto fail_free;
> +
> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page))) {
> +		err = split_huge_page_to_list(page, list);
> +		if (err) {
> +			delete_from_swap_cache(page);
> +			return 0;
> +		}
>  	}
> +
> +	return 1;
> +
> +fail_free:
> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
> +		swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
> +	else
> +		swapcache_free(entry);
> +fail:
> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) &&
> +	    !split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
> +		goto retry;
> +	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  /*
> @@ -237,8 +260,12 @@ void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
>  	__delete_from_swap_cache(page);
>  	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
>  
> -	swapcache_free(entry);
> -	put_page(page);
> +	if (PageTransHuge(page))
> +		swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
> +	else
> +		swapcache_free(entry);
> +
> +	page_ref_sub(page, hpage_nr_pages(page));
>  }
>  
>  /* 
> @@ -295,7 +322,7 @@ struct page * lookup_swap_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
>  
>  	page = find_get_page(swap_address_space(entry), swp_offset(entry));
>  
> -	if (page) {
> +	if (page && likely(!PageTransCompound(page))) {
>  		INC_CACHE_INFO(find_success);
>  		if (TestClearPageReadahead(page))
>  			atomic_inc(&swapin_readahead_hits);
> @@ -506,7 +533,7 @@ struct page *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
>  						gfp_mask, vma, addr);
>  		if (!page)
>  			continue;
> -		if (offset != entry_offset)
> +		if (offset != entry_offset && likely(!PageTransCompound(page)))
>  			SetPageReadahead(page);
>  		put_page(page);
>  	}
> diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
> index f23c56e9be39..596306272059 100644
> --- a/mm/swapfile.c
> +++ b/mm/swapfile.c
> @@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ static void discard_swap_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>  	}
>  }
>  
> -#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	256
>  #define LATENCY_LIMIT		256
>  
>  static inline void cluster_set_flag(struct swap_cluster_info *info,
> @@ -375,6 +374,14 @@ static void swap_cluster_schedule_discard(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>  	schedule_work(&si->discard_work);
>  }
>  
> +static void __free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
> +{
> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info;
> +
> +	cluster_set_flag(ci + idx, CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
> +	cluster_list_add_tail(&si->free_clusters, ci, idx);
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * Doing discard actually. After a cluster discard is finished, the cluster
>   * will be added to free cluster list. caller should hold si->lock.
> @@ -395,10 +402,7 @@ static void swap_do_scheduled_discard(struct swap_info_struct *si)
>  
>  		spin_lock(&si->lock);
>  		ci = lock_cluster(si, idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
> -		cluster_set_flag(ci, CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
> -		unlock_cluster(ci);
> -		cluster_list_add_tail(&si->free_clusters, info, idx);
> -		ci = lock_cluster(si, idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
> +		__free_cluster(si, idx);
>  		memset(si->swap_map + idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER,
>  				0, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>  		unlock_cluster(ci);
> @@ -416,6 +420,34 @@ static void swap_discard_work(struct work_struct *work)
>  	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
>  }
>  
> +static void alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
> +{
> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info;
> +
> +	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_list_first(&si->free_clusters) != idx);
> +	cluster_list_del_first(&si->free_clusters, ci);
> +	cluster_set_count_flag(ci + idx, 0, 0);
> +}
> +
> +static void free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
> +{
> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info + idx;
> +
> +	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_count(ci) != 0);
> +	/*
> +	 * If the swap is discardable, prepare discard the cluster
> +	 * instead of free it immediately. The cluster will be freed
> +	 * after discard.
> +	 */
> +	if ((si->flags & (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) ==
> +	    (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) {
> +		swap_cluster_schedule_discard(si, idx);
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
> +	__free_cluster(si, idx);
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * The cluster corresponding to page_nr will be used. The cluster will be
>   * removed from free cluster list and its usage counter will be increased.
> @@ -427,11 +459,8 @@ static void inc_cluster_info_page(struct swap_info_struct *p,
>  
>  	if (!cluster_info)
>  		return;
> -	if (cluster_is_free(&cluster_info[idx])) {
> -		VM_BUG_ON(cluster_list_first(&p->free_clusters) != idx);
> -		cluster_list_del_first(&p->free_clusters, cluster_info);
> -		cluster_set_count_flag(&cluster_info[idx], 0, 0);
> -	}
> +	if (cluster_is_free(&cluster_info[idx]))
> +		alloc_cluster(p, idx);
>  
>  	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) >= SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>  	cluster_set_count(&cluster_info[idx],
> @@ -455,21 +484,8 @@ static void dec_cluster_info_page(struct swap_info_struct *p,
>  	cluster_set_count(&cluster_info[idx],
>  		cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) - 1);
>  
> -	if (cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) == 0) {
> -		/*
> -		 * If the swap is discardable, prepare discard the cluster
> -		 * instead of free it immediately. The cluster will be freed
> -		 * after discard.
> -		 */
> -		if ((p->flags & (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) ==
> -				 (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) {
> -			swap_cluster_schedule_discard(p, idx);
> -			return;
> -		}
> -
> -		cluster_set_flag(&cluster_info[idx], CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
> -		cluster_list_add_tail(&p->free_clusters, cluster_info, idx);
> -	}
> +	if (cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) == 0)
> +		free_cluster(p, idx);
>  }
>  
>  /*
> @@ -559,6 +575,60 @@ static bool scan_swap_map_try_ssd_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>  	return found_free;
>  }
>  
> +static void swap_range_alloc(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long offset,
> +			     unsigned int nr_entries)
> +{
> +	unsigned int end = offset + nr_entries - 1;
> +
> +	if (offset == si->lowest_bit)
> +		si->lowest_bit += nr_entries;
> +	if (end == si->highest_bit)
> +		si->highest_bit -= nr_entries;
> +	si->inuse_pages += nr_entries;
> +	if (si->inuse_pages == si->pages) {
> +		si->lowest_bit = si->max;
> +		si->highest_bit = 0;
> +		spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
> +		plist_del(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
> +		spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static void swap_range_free(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long offset,
> +			    unsigned int nr_entries)
> +{
> +	unsigned long end = offset + nr_entries - 1;
> +	void (*swap_slot_free_notify)(struct block_device *, unsigned long);
> +
> +	if (offset < si->lowest_bit)
> +		si->lowest_bit = offset;
> +	if (end > si->highest_bit) {
> +		bool was_full = !si->highest_bit;
> +
> +		si->highest_bit = end;
> +		if (was_full && (si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
> +			spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
> +			WARN_ON(!plist_node_empty(&si->avail_list));
> +			if (plist_node_empty(&si->avail_list))
> +				plist_add(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
> +			spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
> +		}
> +	}
> +	atomic_long_add(nr_entries, &nr_swap_pages);
> +	si->inuse_pages -= nr_entries;
> +	if (si->flags & SWP_BLKDEV)
> +		swap_slot_free_notify =
> +			si->bdev->bd_disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify;
> +	else
> +		swap_slot_free_notify = NULL;
> +	while (offset <= end) {
> +		frontswap_invalidate_page(si->type, offset);
> +		if (swap_slot_free_notify)
> +			swap_slot_free_notify(si->bdev, offset);
> +		offset++;
> +	}
> +}
> +
>  static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>  			       unsigned char usage, int nr,
>  			       swp_entry_t slots[])
> @@ -677,18 +747,7 @@ static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>  	inc_cluster_info_page(si, si->cluster_info, offset);
>  	unlock_cluster(ci);
>  
> -	if (offset == si->lowest_bit)
> -		si->lowest_bit++;
> -	if (offset == si->highest_bit)
> -		si->highest_bit--;
> -	si->inuse_pages++;
> -	if (si->inuse_pages == si->pages) {
> -		si->lowest_bit = si->max;
> -		si->highest_bit = 0;
> -		spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
> -		plist_del(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
> -		spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
> -	}
> +	swap_range_alloc(si, offset, 1);
>  	si->cluster_next = offset + 1;
>  	slots[n_ret++] = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
>  
> @@ -767,6 +826,52 @@ static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>  	return n_ret;
>  }
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
> +static int swap_alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t *slot)
> +{
> +	unsigned long idx;
> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
> +	unsigned long offset, i;
> +	unsigned char *map;
> +
> +	if (cluster_list_empty(&si->free_clusters))
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	idx = cluster_list_first(&si->free_clusters);
> +	offset = idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
> +	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
> +	alloc_cluster(si, idx);
> +	cluster_set_count_flag(ci, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER, 0);
> +
> +	map = si->swap_map + offset;
> +	for (i = 0; i < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER; i++)
> +		map[i] = SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
> +	unlock_cluster(ci);
> +	swap_range_alloc(si, offset, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
> +	*slot = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
> +
> +	return 1;
> +}
> +
> +static void swap_free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
> +{
> +	unsigned long offset = idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
> +
> +	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
> +	cluster_set_count_flag(ci, 0, 0);
> +	free_cluster(si, idx);
> +	unlock_cluster(ci);
> +	swap_range_free(si, offset, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
> +}
> +#else
> +static int swap_alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t *slot)
> +{
> +	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +#endif /* CONFIG_THP_SWAP */
> +
>  static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>  				   unsigned char usage)
>  {
> @@ -782,13 +887,17 @@ static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>  
>  }
>  
> -int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
> +int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, bool cluster, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>  {
> +	unsigned long nr_pages = cluster ? SWAPFILE_CLUSTER : 1;
>  	struct swap_info_struct *si, *next;
>  	long avail_pgs;
>  	int n_ret = 0;
>  
> -	avail_pgs = atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages);
> +	/* Only single cluster request supported */
> +	WARN_ON_ONCE(n_goal > 1 && cluster);
> +
> +	avail_pgs = atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages) / nr_pages;
>  	if (avail_pgs <= 0)
>  		goto noswap;
>  
> @@ -798,7 +907,7 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>  	if (n_goal > avail_pgs)
>  		n_goal = avail_pgs;
>  
> -	atomic_long_sub(n_goal, &nr_swap_pages);
> +	atomic_long_sub(n_goal * nr_pages, &nr_swap_pages);
>  
>  	spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
>  
> @@ -824,10 +933,13 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>  			spin_unlock(&si->lock);
>  			goto nextsi;
>  		}
> -		n_ret = scan_swap_map_slots(si, SWAP_HAS_CACHE,
> -					    n_goal, swp_entries);
> +		if (likely(cluster))
> +			n_ret = swap_alloc_cluster(si, swp_entries);
> +		else
> +			n_ret = scan_swap_map_slots(si, SWAP_HAS_CACHE,
> +						    n_goal, swp_entries);
>  		spin_unlock(&si->lock);
> -		if (n_ret)
> +		if (n_ret || unlikely(cluster))
>  			goto check_out;
>  		pr_debug("scan_swap_map of si %d failed to find offset\n",
>  			si->type);
> @@ -853,7 +965,8 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>  
>  check_out:
>  	if (n_ret < n_goal)
> -		atomic_long_add((long) (n_goal-n_ret), &nr_swap_pages);
> +		atomic_long_add((long)(n_goal - n_ret) * nr_pages,
> +				&nr_swap_pages);
>  noswap:
>  	return n_ret;
>  }
> @@ -1009,32 +1122,8 @@ static void swap_entry_free(struct swap_info_struct *p, swp_entry_t entry)
>  	dec_cluster_info_page(p, p->cluster_info, offset);
>  	unlock_cluster(ci);
>  
> -	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry);
> -	if (offset < p->lowest_bit)
> -		p->lowest_bit = offset;
> -	if (offset > p->highest_bit) {
> -		bool was_full = !p->highest_bit;
> -
> -		p->highest_bit = offset;
> -		if (was_full && (p->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
> -			spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
> -			WARN_ON(!plist_node_empty(&p->avail_list));
> -			if (plist_node_empty(&p->avail_list))
> -				plist_add(&p->avail_list,
> -					  &swap_avail_head);
> -			spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
> -		}
> -	}
> -	atomic_long_inc(&nr_swap_pages);
> -	p->inuse_pages--;
> -	frontswap_invalidate_page(p->type, offset);
> -	if (p->flags & SWP_BLKDEV) {
> -		struct gendisk *disk = p->bdev->bd_disk;
> -
> -		if (disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify)
> -			disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify(p->bdev,
> -							  offset);
> -	}
> +	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, 1);
> +	swap_range_free(p, offset, 1);
>  }
>  
>  /*
> @@ -1066,6 +1155,33 @@ void swapcache_free(swp_entry_t entry)
>  	}
>  }
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
> +void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry)
> +{
> +	unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
> +	unsigned long idx = offset / SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
> +	struct swap_info_struct *si;
> +	unsigned char *map;
> +	unsigned int i;
> +
> +	si = swap_info_get(entry);
> +	if (!si)
> +		return;
> +
> +	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
> +	map = si->swap_map + offset;
> +	for (i = 0; i < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER; i++) {
> +		VM_BUG_ON(map[i] != SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
> +		map[i] = 0;
> +	}
> +	unlock_cluster(ci);
> +	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
> +	swap_free_cluster(si, idx);
> +	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
> +}
> +#endif /* CONFIG_THP_SWAP */
> +
>  static int swp_entry_cmp(const void *ent1, const void *ent2)
>  {
>  	const swp_entry_t *e1 = ent1, *e2 = ent2;


This is a massive patch, I presume you've got recommendations to keep it
this way?

Balbir

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out
  2017-04-21  6:11   ` Balbir Singh
@ 2017-04-21  7:21     ` Huang, Ying
  2017-04-21 14:08     ` Johannes Weiner
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-21  7:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Balbir Singh
  Cc: Huang, Ying, Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel,
	Andrea Arcangeli, Ebru Akagunduz, Johannes Weiner, Michal Hocko,
	Tejun Heo, Hugh Dickins, Shaohua Li, Minchan Kim, Rik van Riel,
	cgroups

Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> writes:

> On Wed, 2017-04-19 at 15:06 +0800, Huang, Ying wrote:
>> From: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
>> 
>> In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first
>> step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the
>> THP (Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache.
>> This will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out
>> throughput.
>> 
>> This is the first step for the THP swap optimization.  The plan is to
>> delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP
>> finally.
>> 
>> The advantages of the THP swap support include:
>> 
>> - Batch the swap operations for the THP and reduce lock
>>   acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space,
>>   adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap
>>   space, etc.  This will help to improve the THP swap performance.
>> 
>> - The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO.  It is
>>   particularly helpful for the swap read, which usually are 4k random
>>   IO.  This will help to improve the THP swap performance.
>> 
>> - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is
>>   heavily used by the applications.  The 2M continuous pages will be
>>   free up after the THP swapping out.
>> 
>> - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap
>>   turned on.  Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal
>>   pages into the THP is quite slow.  After the THP is split during the
>>   swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to
>>   collapse back into the THP after being swapped in.  The high THP
>>   utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management
>>   too.
>> 
>> There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible
>> enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on
>> the storage device.  To deal with that, the THP swap in should be
>> turned on only when necessary.  For example, it can be selected via
>> "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off
>> globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc.
>> 
>> In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each
>> THP swapped out.  So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that
>> of the THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512).  For
>> other architectures which want such THP swap optimization,
>> ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file
>> for the architecture. 
>
> Does the arch need to do anything else?

All other code are architecture in-dependent change, so nothing else
need to be done.

>  In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size
>> by 2 times on x86_64.  Which may make it harder to find a free cluster
>> when the swap space becomes fragmented.  So that, this may reduce the
>> continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory.  The
>> performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this.
>
> This will also depend on the swap configuration, with swap files this
> should hopefully be less of an issue, with swap partitions, maybe?

I think a not too small swap partition should be OK.  On x86_64, it
increases the size of the swap cluster from 1M to 2M, so a swap
partition with more than several GB should still have enough number of
swap clusters.

>> 
>> In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the
>> swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the
>> swap_cluster_info data structure.
>> 
>> The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support
>> charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole.
>
> Thanks and in the future it will be good to add stats to indicate
> the number of THP swapped out for tracking.

Sure.

>> 
>> The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a
>> swap cluster for a THP.  A fair simple algorithm is used for swap
>> cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority
>> list will be tried to allocate the swap cluster.
>
> I think this needs to be fixed in the long run, otherwise the bandwidth
> utilization issues you mention will not be solved. If the underlying
> storage provides RAID/LVM and uses a single swap partition, then your
> strategy is OK.

Current solution has no bandwidth utilization issue, because the swap
devices with same priority with be rotated after each allocation.  That
is, for consecutive swap cluster allocations, every time, a different
swap device will be used if there are more than one swap devices has
free swap clusters.

The issue of current solution is that if there are some swap devices has
free swap clusters but some other not, the swap cluster allocation may
fail unnecessarily.

>   The function will
>> fail if the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to
>> allocate a single swap slot instead.  This works good enough for
>> normal cases.  If the difference of the number of the free swap
>> clusters among multiple swap devices is significant, it is possible
>> that some THPs are split earlier than necessary.  For example, this
>> could be caused by big size difference among multiple swap devices.
>> 
>> The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from
>> the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages.  This may be
>> enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree.  But because we
>> will split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't
>> make much sense for this first step.
>> 
>> The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in
>> swap cache during swapping out.  The page lock will be held during
>> allocating the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and
>> splitting the THP.  So in the code path other than swapping out, if
>> the THP need to be split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false.
>> 
>> The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap
>> optimization in this patchset has no effect for HDD.
>
> Is this due to lack of testing or its known that HDDs don't do well
> with THP swap in/swap out?

Because the implementation is based on the swap cluster feature, which
is disabled for HDD now.  So THP swap optimization could not be enabled
for HDD for now.

>> 
>> With the patch, the swap out throughput improves 11.5% (from about
>> 3.73GB/s to about 4.16GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
>> with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
>> device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. 
>
> I am not sure if RAM simulating PMEM is a fair way to test, its just
> memcpy and no swap out.

PMEM could be used as a block device (kind of RAMDISK), then we can
create swap on it.

We use PMEM because we want to optimize for the really high speed
storage device, that is, to stress the software implementation as much
as possible.

>  To
>> test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes,
>> which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the
>> RAM and part of the swap device is used up.
>> 
>> [hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size]
>> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
>> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
>> Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
>> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
>> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
>> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
>> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
>> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
>> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
>> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
>> Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org
>> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> [for config option]
>> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h]
>> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
>> ---
>>  arch/x86/Kconfig            |   1 +
>>  include/linux/page-flags.h  |   7 +-
>>  include/linux/swap.h        |  25 ++++-
>>  include/linux/swap_cgroup.h |   6 +-
>>  mm/Kconfig                  |  12 +++
>>  mm/huge_memory.c            |  11 +-
>>  mm/memcontrol.c             |  49 ++++-----
>>  mm/shmem.c                  |   2 +-
>>  mm/swap_cgroup.c            |  40 +++++--
>>  mm/swap_slots.c             |  16 ++-
>>  mm/swap_state.c             | 115 ++++++++++++--------
>>  mm/swapfile.c               | 256 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
>>  12 files changed, 375 insertions(+), 165 deletions(-)
>> 
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
>> index c43f47622440..aaa7cdd601fe 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
>> +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
>> @@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ config X86
>>  	select ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH if SMP
>>  	select ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS
>>  	select ARCH_WANTS_DYNAMIC_TASK_STRUCT
>> +	select ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP		if X86_64
>>  	select BUILDTIME_EXTABLE_SORT
>>  	select CLKEVT_I8253
>>  	select CLOCKSOURCE_VALIDATE_LAST_CYCLE
>> diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
>> index 6b5818d6de32..d33e3280c8ad 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
>> @@ -326,11 +326,14 @@ PAGEFLAG_FALSE(HighMem)
>>  #ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
>>  static __always_inline int PageSwapCache(struct page *page)
>>  {
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
>> +	page = compound_head(page);
>> +#endif
>
> Can we please add a static inline THPSwapPage() that returns page_compound(page)
> for CONFIG_THP_SWAP and page otherwise?

Then we will add a function of about 5 lines, which has only one
caller.  Is it really good thing to do?

>>  	return PageSwapBacked(page) && test_bit(PG_swapcache, &page->flags);
>>  
>>  }
>> -SETPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_COMPOUND)
>> -CLEARPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_COMPOUND)
>> +SETPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_TAIL)
>> +CLEARPAGEFLAG(SwapCache, swapcache, PF_NO_TAIL)
>>  #else
>>  PAGEFLAG_FALSE(SwapCache)
>>  #endif
>> diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
>> index ba5882419a7d..b60fea3748f8 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/swap.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/swap.h
>> @@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ struct bio;
>>  				 SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES)
>>  #define SWAP_BATCH 64
>>  
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
>> +#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	HPAGE_PMD_NR
>
> I wonder if this should be max(HPAGE_PMD_NR, 256)?

Now, we must use one swap cluster for each THP.  This makes
implementation much easier and in the future, we will use struct
swap_cluster_info to store some THP specific informatoin, such as
compound map count, etc.

>> +#else
>> +#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	256
>> +#endif
>> +
>>  static inline int current_is_kswapd(void)
>>  {
>>  	return current->flags & PF_KSWAPD;
>> @@ -386,9 +392,9 @@ static inline long get_nr_swap_pages(void)
>>  }
>>  
>>  extern void si_swapinfo(struct sysinfo *);
>> -extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void);
>> +extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page);
>>  extern swp_entry_t get_swap_page_of_type(int);
>> -extern int get_swap_pages(int n, swp_entry_t swp_entries[]);
>> +extern int get_swap_pages(int n, bool cluster, swp_entry_t swp_entries[]);
>>  extern int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t, gfp_t);
>>  extern void swap_shmem_alloc(swp_entry_t);
>>  extern int swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t);
>> @@ -515,7 +521,7 @@ static inline int try_to_free_swap(struct page *page)
>>  	return 0;
>>  }
>>  
>> -static inline swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
>> +static inline swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page)
>>  {
>>  	swp_entry_t entry;
>>  	entry.val = 0;
>> @@ -548,7 +554,7 @@ static inline int mem_cgroup_swappiness(struct mem_cgroup *mem)
>>  #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
>>  extern void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry);
>>  extern int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry);
>> -extern void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry);
>> +extern void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned int nr_pages);
>>  extern long mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);
>>  extern bool mem_cgroup_swap_full(struct page *page);
>>  #else
>> @@ -562,7 +568,8 @@ static inline int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page,
>>  	return 0;
>>  }
>>  
>> -static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
>> +static inline void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry,
>> +					    unsigned int nr_pages)
>>  {
>>  }
>>  
>> @@ -577,5 +584,13 @@ static inline bool mem_cgroup_swap_full(struct page *page)
>>  }
>>  #endif
>>  
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
>> +extern void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry);
>> +#else
>> +static inline void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry)
>> +{
>> +}
>> +#endif
>> +
>>  #endif /* __KERNEL__*/
>>  #endif /* _LINUX_SWAP_H */
>> diff --git a/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h b/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
>> index 145306bdc92f..b2b8ec7bda3f 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/swap_cgroup.h
>> @@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
>>  
>>  extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(swp_entry_t ent,
>>  					unsigned short old, unsigned short new);
>> -extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id);
>> +extern unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
>> +					 unsigned int nr_ents);
>>  extern unsigned short lookup_swap_cgroup_id(swp_entry_t ent);
>>  extern int swap_cgroup_swapon(int type, unsigned long max_pages);
>>  extern void swap_cgroup_swapoff(int type);
>> @@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ extern void swap_cgroup_swapoff(int type);
>>  #else
>>  
>>  static inline
>> -unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id)
>> +unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
>> +				  unsigned int nr_ents)
>>  {
>>  	return 0;
>>  }
>> diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
>> index c89f472b658c..660fb765bf7d 100644
>> --- a/mm/Kconfig
>> +++ b/mm/Kconfig
>> @@ -447,6 +447,18 @@ choice
>>  	  benefit.
>>  endchoice
>>  
>> +config ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
>> +       def_bool n
>> +
>> +config THP_SWAP
>> +	def_bool y
>> +	depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
>> +	help
>> +	  Swap transparent huge pages in one piece, without splitting.
>> +	  XXX: For now this only does clustered swap space allocation.
>> +
>> +	  For selection by architectures with reasonable THP sizes.
>> +
>>  config	TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE
>>  	def_bool y
>>  	depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
>> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
>> index a84909cf20d3..b7c06476590e 100644
>> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
>> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
>> @@ -2197,7 +2197,7 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct page *head, int tail,
>>  	 * atomic_set() here would be safe on all archs (and not only on x86),
>>  	 * it's safer to use atomic_inc()/atomic_add().
>>  	 */
>> -	if (PageAnon(head)) {
>> +	if (PageAnon(head) && !PageSwapCache(head)) {
>>  		page_ref_inc(page_tail);
>>  	} else {
>>  		/* Additional pin to radix tree */
>> @@ -2208,6 +2208,7 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct page *head, int tail,
>>  	page_tail->flags |= (head->flags &
>>  			((1L << PG_referenced) |
>>  			 (1L << PG_swapbacked) |
>> +			 (1L << PG_swapcache) |
>>  			 (1L << PG_mlocked) |
>>  			 (1L << PG_uptodate) |
>>  			 (1L << PG_active) |
>> @@ -2270,7 +2271,11 @@ static void __split_huge_page(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
>>  	ClearPageCompound(head);
>>  	/* See comment in __split_huge_page_tail() */
>>  	if (PageAnon(head)) {
>> -		page_ref_inc(head);
>> +		/* Additional pin to radix tree of swap cache */
>> +		if (PageSwapCache(head))
>> +			page_ref_add(head, 2);
>> +		else
>> +			page_ref_inc(head);
>>  	} else {
>>  		/* Additional pin to radix tree */
>>  		page_ref_add(head, 2);
>> @@ -2426,7 +2431,7 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>>  			ret = -EBUSY;
>>  			goto out;
>>  		}
>> -		extra_pins = 0;
>> +		extra_pins = PageSwapCache(page) ? HPAGE_PMD_NR : 0;
>>  		mapping = NULL;
>>  		anon_vma_lock_write(anon_vma);
>>  	} else {
>> diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
>> index ff73899af61a..e374582c1d9c 100644
>> --- a/mm/memcontrol.c
>> +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
>> @@ -2376,10 +2376,9 @@ void mem_cgroup_split_huge_fixup(struct page *head)
>>  
>>  #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
>>  static void mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
>> -					 bool charge)
>> +				       int nr_entries)
>>  {
>> -	int val = (charge) ? 1 : -1;
>> -	this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEMCG_SWAP], val);
>> +	this_cpu_add(memcg->stat->count[MEMCG_SWAP], nr_entries);
>>  }
>>  
>>  /**
>> @@ -2405,8 +2404,8 @@ static int mem_cgroup_move_swap_account(swp_entry_t entry,
>>  	new_id = mem_cgroup_id(to);
>>  
>>  	if (swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(entry, old_id, new_id) == old_id) {
>> -		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(from, false);
>> -		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(to, true);
>> +		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(from, -1);
>> +		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(to, 1);
>>  		return 0;
>>  	}
>>  	return -EINVAL;
>> @@ -5445,7 +5444,7 @@ void mem_cgroup_commit_charge(struct page *page, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
>>  		 * let's not wait for it.  The page already received a
>>  		 * memory+swap charge, drop the swap entry duplicate.
>>  		 */
>> -		mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry);
>> +		mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, nr_pages);
>>  	}
>>  }
>>  
>> @@ -5873,9 +5872,9 @@ void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>>  	 * ancestor for the swap instead and transfer the memory+swap charge.
>>  	 */
>>  	swap_memcg = mem_cgroup_id_get_online(memcg);
>> -	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(swap_memcg));
>> +	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(swap_memcg), 1);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(oldid, page);
>> -	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(swap_memcg, true);
>> +	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(swap_memcg, 1);
>>  
>>  	page->mem_cgroup = NULL;
>>  
>> @@ -5902,19 +5901,20 @@ void mem_cgroup_swapout(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>>  		css_put(&memcg->css);
>>  }
>>  
>> -/*
>> - * mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap - try charging a swap entry
>> +/**
>> + * mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap - try charging swap space for a page
>>   * @page: page being added to swap
>>   * @entry: swap entry to charge
>>   *
>> - * Try to charge @entry to the memcg that @page belongs to.
>> + * Try to charge @page's memcg for the swap space at @entry.
>>   *
>>   * Returns 0 on success, -ENOMEM on failure.
>>   */
>>  int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>>  {
>> -	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
>> +	unsigned int nr_pages = hpage_nr_pages(page);
>>  	struct page_counter *counter;
>> +	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
>>  	unsigned short oldid;
>>  
>>  	if (!cgroup_subsys_on_dfl(memory_cgrp_subsys) || !do_swap_account)
>> @@ -5929,25 +5929,26 @@ int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>>  	memcg = mem_cgroup_id_get_online(memcg);
>>  
>>  	if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg) &&
>> -	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, 1, &counter)) {
>> +	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, nr_pages, &counter)) {
>>  		mem_cgroup_id_put(memcg);
>>  		return -ENOMEM;
>>  	}
>>  
>> -	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(memcg));
>> +	if (nr_pages > 1)
>> +		mem_cgroup_id_get_many(memcg, nr_pages - 1);
>
> The nr_pages -1 is not initutive, a comment about mem_cgroup_id_get_online()
> getting 1 would help.

Sure.  Will do that.

>> +	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(memcg), nr_pages);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(oldid, page);
>> -	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, true);
>> +	mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, nr_pages);
>>  
>>  	return 0;
>>  }
>>  
>>  /**
>> - * mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap - uncharge a swap entry
>> + * mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap - uncharge swap space
>>   * @entry: swap entry to uncharge
>> - *
>> - * Drop the swap charge associated with @entry.
>> + * @nr_pages: the amount of swap space to uncharge
>>   */
>> -void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
>> +void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned int nr_pages)
>>  {
>>  	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
>>  	unsigned short id;
>> @@ -5955,18 +5956,18 @@ void mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(swp_entry_t entry)
>>  	if (!do_swap_account)
>>  		return;
>>  
>> -	id = swap_cgroup_record(entry, 0);
>> +	id = swap_cgroup_record(entry, 0, nr_pages);
>>  	rcu_read_lock();
>>  	memcg = mem_cgroup_from_id(id);
>>  	if (memcg) {
>>  		if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg)) {
>>  			if (cgroup_subsys_on_dfl(memory_cgrp_subsys))
>> -				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->swap, 1);
>> +				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->swap, nr_pages);
>>  			else
>> -				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, 1);
>> +				page_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, nr_pages);
>>  		}
>> -		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, false);
>> -		mem_cgroup_id_put(memcg);
>> +		mem_cgroup_swap_statistics(memcg, -nr_pages);
>> +		mem_cgroup_id_put_many(memcg, nr_pages);
>>  	}
>>  	rcu_read_unlock();
>>  }
>> diff --git a/mm/shmem.c b/mm/shmem.c
>> index e67d6ba4e98e..29948d7da172 100644
>> --- a/mm/shmem.c
>> +++ b/mm/shmem.c
>> @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
>>  		SetPageUptodate(page);
>>  	}
>>  
>> -	swap = get_swap_page();
>> +	swap = get_swap_page(page);
>>  	if (!swap.val)
>>  		goto redirty;
>>  
>> diff --git a/mm/swap_cgroup.c b/mm/swap_cgroup.c
>> index ac6318a064d3..aee4b36d5207 100644
>> --- a/mm/swap_cgroup.c
>> +++ b/mm/swap_cgroup.c
>> @@ -58,21 +58,27 @@ static int swap_cgroup_prepare(int type)
>>  	return -ENOMEM;
>>  }
>>  
>> +static struct swap_cgroup *__lookup_swap_cgroup(struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl,
>> +						pgoff_t offset)
>> +{
>> +	struct page *mappage;
>> +	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
>> +
>> +	mappage = ctrl->map[offset / SC_PER_PAGE];
>> +	sc = page_address(mappage);
>> +	return sc + offset % SC_PER_PAGE;
>> +}
>> +
>>  static struct swap_cgroup *lookup_swap_cgroup(swp_entry_t ent,
>>  					struct swap_cgroup_ctrl **ctrlp)
>>  {
>>  	pgoff_t offset = swp_offset(ent);
>>  	struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl;
>> -	struct page *mappage;
>> -	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
>>  
>>  	ctrl = &swap_cgroup_ctrl[swp_type(ent)];
>>  	if (ctrlp)
>>  		*ctrlp = ctrl;
>> -
>> -	mappage = ctrl->map[offset / SC_PER_PAGE];
>> -	sc = page_address(mappage);
>> -	return sc + offset % SC_PER_PAGE;
>> +	return __lookup_swap_cgroup(ctrl, offset);
>>  }
>>  
>>  /**
>> @@ -105,25 +111,39 @@ unsigned short swap_cgroup_cmpxchg(swp_entry_t ent,
>>  }
>>  
>>  /**
>> - * swap_cgroup_record - record mem_cgroup for this swp_entry.
>> - * @ent: swap entry to be recorded into
>> + * swap_cgroup_record - record mem_cgroup for a set of swap entries
>> + * @ent: the first swap entry to be recorded into
>>   * @id: mem_cgroup to be recorded
>> + * @nr_ents: number of swap entries to be recorded
>>   *
>>   * Returns old value at success, 0 at failure.
>>   * (Of course, old value can be 0.)
>>   */
>> -unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id)
>> +unsigned short swap_cgroup_record(swp_entry_t ent, unsigned short id,
>> +				  unsigned int nr_ents)
>>  {
>>  	struct swap_cgroup_ctrl *ctrl;
>>  	struct swap_cgroup *sc;
>>  	unsigned short old;
>>  	unsigned long flags;
>> +	pgoff_t offset = swp_offset(ent);
>> +	pgoff_t end = offset + nr_ents;
>>  
>>  	sc = lookup_swap_cgroup(ent, &ctrl);
>>  
>>  	spin_lock_irqsave(&ctrl->lock, flags);
>>  	old = sc->id;
>> -	sc->id = id;
>> +	for (;;) {
>> +		VM_BUG_ON(sc->id != old);
>> +		sc->id = id;
>> +		offset++;
>> +		if (offset == end)
>> +			break;
>> +		if (offset % SC_PER_PAGE)
>> +			sc++;
>> +		else
>> +			sc = __lookup_swap_cgroup(ctrl, offset);
>> +	}
>>  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ctrl->lock, flags);
>>  
>>  	return old;
>> diff --git a/mm/swap_slots.c b/mm/swap_slots.c
>> index 58f6c78f1dad..eb7524f8296d 100644
>> --- a/mm/swap_slots.c
>> +++ b/mm/swap_slots.c
>> @@ -263,7 +263,8 @@ static int refill_swap_slots_cache(struct swap_slots_cache *cache)
>>  
>>  	cache->cur = 0;
>>  	if (swap_slot_cache_active)
>> -		cache->nr = get_swap_pages(SWAP_SLOTS_CACHE_SIZE, cache->slots);
>> +		cache->nr = get_swap_pages(SWAP_SLOTS_CACHE_SIZE, false,
>> +					   cache->slots);
>>  
>>  	return cache->nr;
>>  }
>> @@ -301,11 +302,19 @@ int free_swap_slot(swp_entry_t entry)
>>  	return 0;
>>  }
>>  
>> -swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
>> +swp_entry_t get_swap_page(struct page *page)
>>  {
>>  	swp_entry_t entry, *pentry;
>>  	struct swap_slots_cache *cache;
>>  
>> +	entry.val = 0;
>> +
>> +	if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
>> +		if (hpage_nr_pages(page) == SWAPFILE_CLUSTER)
>> +			get_swap_pages(1, true, &entry);
>
> Are we ready to support multiple THP pages in one SWAPFILE_CLUSTER?
> Is there a design limitation?

Yes.  We support only one THP page in one swap cluster.  More
information is in above reply.

>> +		return entry;
>> +	}
>> +
>>  	/*
>>  	 * Preemption is allowed here, because we may sleep
>>  	 * in refill_swap_slots_cache().  But it is safe, because
>> @@ -317,7 +326,6 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
>>  	 */
>>  	cache = raw_cpu_ptr(&swp_slots);
>>  
>> -	entry.val = 0;
>>  	if (check_cache_active()) {
>>  		mutex_lock(&cache->alloc_lock);
>>  		if (cache->slots) {
>> @@ -337,7 +345,7 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
>>  			return entry;
>>  	}
>>  
>> -	get_swap_pages(1, &entry);
>> +	get_swap_pages(1, false, &entry);
>>  
>>  	return entry;
>>  }
>> diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
>> index 539b8885e3d1..c3478ee6e633 100644
>> --- a/mm/swap_state.c
>> +++ b/mm/swap_state.c
>> @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
>>  #include <linux/migrate.h>
>>  #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
>>  #include <linux/swap_slots.h>
>> +#include <linux/huge_mm.h>
>>  
>>  #include <asm/pgtable.h>
>>  
>> @@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ struct address_space *swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];
>>  static unsigned int nr_swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];
>>  
>>  #define INC_CACHE_INFO(x)	do { swap_cache_info.x++; } while (0)
>> +#define ADD_CACHE_INFO(x, nr)	do { swap_cache_info.x += (nr); } while (0)
>>  
>>  static struct {
>>  	unsigned long add_total;
>> @@ -90,39 +92,46 @@ void show_swap_cache_info(void)
>>   */
>>  int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>>  {
>> -	int error;
>> +	int error, i, nr = hpage_nr_pages(page);
>>  	struct address_space *address_space;
>> +	pgoff_t idx = swp_offset(entry);
>>  
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSwapCache(page), page);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapBacked(page), page);
>>  
>> -	get_page(page);
>> +	page_ref_add(page, nr);
>>  	SetPageSwapCache(page);
>> -	set_page_private(page, entry.val);
>>  
>>  	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
>>  	spin_lock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
>> -	error = radix_tree_insert(&address_space->page_tree,
>> -				  swp_offset(entry), page);
>> -	if (likely(!error)) {
>> -		address_space->nrpages++;
>> -		__inc_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
>> -		INC_CACHE_INFO(add_total);
>> +	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
>> +		set_page_private(page + i, entry.val + i);
>> +		error = radix_tree_insert(&address_space->page_tree,
>> +					  idx + i, page + i);
>> +		if (unlikely(error))
>> +			break;
>>  	}
>> -	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
>> -
>> -	if (unlikely(error)) {
>> +	if (likely(!error)) {
>> +		address_space->nrpages += nr;
>> +		__mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_FILE_PAGES, nr);
>> +		ADD_CACHE_INFO(add_total, nr);
>> +	} else {
>>  		/*
>>  		 * Only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag
>>  		 * would call add_to_swap_cache().
>>  		 * So add_to_swap_cache() doesn't returns -EEXIST.
>>  		 */
>>  		VM_BUG_ON(error == -EEXIST);
>> -		set_page_private(page, 0UL);
>> +		set_page_private(page + i, 0UL);
>> +		while (i--) {
>> +			radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, idx + i);
>> +			set_page_private(page + i, 0UL);
>> +		}
>>  		ClearPageSwapCache(page);
>> -		put_page(page);
>> +		page_ref_sub(page, nr);
>>  	}
>> +	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
>>  
>>  	return error;
>>  }
>> @@ -132,7 +141,7 @@ int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
>>  {
>>  	int error;
>>  
>> -	error = radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_mask);
>> +	error = radix_tree_maybe_preload_order(gfp_mask, compound_order(page));
>>  	if (!error) {
>>  		error = __add_to_swap_cache(page, entry);
>>  		radix_tree_preload_end();
>> @@ -146,8 +155,10 @@ int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
>>   */
>>  void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
>>  {
>> -	swp_entry_t entry;
>>  	struct address_space *address_space;
>> +	int i, nr = hpage_nr_pages(page);
>> +	swp_entry_t entry;
>> +	pgoff_t idx;
>>  
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapCache(page), page);
>> @@ -155,12 +166,15 @@ void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
>>  
>>  	entry.val = page_private(page);
>>  	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
>> -	radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, swp_offset(entry));
>> -	set_page_private(page, 0);
>> +	idx = swp_offset(entry);
>> +	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
>> +		radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, idx + i);
>> +		set_page_private(page + i, 0);
>> +	}
>>  	ClearPageSwapCache(page);
>> -	address_space->nrpages--;
>> -	__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
>> -	INC_CACHE_INFO(del_total);
>> +	address_space->nrpages -= nr;
>> +	__mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_FILE_PAGES, -nr);
>> +	ADD_CACHE_INFO(del_total, nr);
>>  }
>>  
>>  /**
>> @@ -178,20 +192,12 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);
>>  
>> -	entry = get_swap_page();
>> +retry:
>> +	entry = get_swap_page(page);
>>  	if (!entry.val)
>> -		return 0;
>> -
>> -	if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(page, entry)) {
>> -		swapcache_free(entry);
>> -		return 0;
>> -	}
>> -
>> -	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
>> -		if (unlikely(split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))) {
>> -			swapcache_free(entry);
>> -			return 0;
>> -		}
>> +		goto fail;
>> +	if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(page, entry))
>> +		goto fail_free;
>>  
>>  	/*
>>  	 * Radix-tree node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
>> @@ -206,17 +212,34 @@ int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>>  	 */
>>  	err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
>>  			__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
>> -
>> -	if (!err) {
>> -		return 1;
>> -	} else {	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
>> +	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
>> +	if (err)
>>  		/*
>>  		 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
>>  		 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
>>  		 */
>> -		swapcache_free(entry);
>> -		return 0;
>> +		goto fail_free;
>> +
>> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page))) {
>> +		err = split_huge_page_to_list(page, list);
>> +		if (err) {
>> +			delete_from_swap_cache(page);
>> +			return 0;
>> +		}
>>  	}
>> +
>> +	return 1;
>> +
>> +fail_free:
>> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
>> +		swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
>> +	else
>> +		swapcache_free(entry);
>> +fail:
>> +	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)) &&
>> +	    !split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
>> +		goto retry;
>> +	return 0;
>>  }
>>  
>>  /*
>> @@ -237,8 +260,12 @@ void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
>>  	__delete_from_swap_cache(page);
>>  	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
>>  
>> -	swapcache_free(entry);
>> -	put_page(page);
>> +	if (PageTransHuge(page))
>> +		swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
>> +	else
>> +		swapcache_free(entry);
>> +
>> +	page_ref_sub(page, hpage_nr_pages(page));
>>  }
>>  
>>  /* 
>> @@ -295,7 +322,7 @@ struct page * lookup_swap_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
>>  
>>  	page = find_get_page(swap_address_space(entry), swp_offset(entry));
>>  
>> -	if (page) {
>> +	if (page && likely(!PageTransCompound(page))) {
>>  		INC_CACHE_INFO(find_success);
>>  		if (TestClearPageReadahead(page))
>>  			atomic_inc(&swapin_readahead_hits);
>> @@ -506,7 +533,7 @@ struct page *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
>>  						gfp_mask, vma, addr);
>>  		if (!page)
>>  			continue;
>> -		if (offset != entry_offset)
>> +		if (offset != entry_offset && likely(!PageTransCompound(page)))
>>  			SetPageReadahead(page);
>>  		put_page(page);
>>  	}
>> diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
>> index f23c56e9be39..596306272059 100644
>> --- a/mm/swapfile.c
>> +++ b/mm/swapfile.c
>> @@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ static void discard_swap_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>>  	}
>>  }
>>  
>> -#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	256
>>  #define LATENCY_LIMIT		256
>>  
>>  static inline void cluster_set_flag(struct swap_cluster_info *info,
>> @@ -375,6 +374,14 @@ static void swap_cluster_schedule_discard(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>>  	schedule_work(&si->discard_work);
>>  }
>>  
>> +static void __free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
>> +{
>> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info;
>> +
>> +	cluster_set_flag(ci + idx, CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
>> +	cluster_list_add_tail(&si->free_clusters, ci, idx);
>> +}
>> +
>>  /*
>>   * Doing discard actually. After a cluster discard is finished, the cluster
>>   * will be added to free cluster list. caller should hold si->lock.
>> @@ -395,10 +402,7 @@ static void swap_do_scheduled_discard(struct swap_info_struct *si)
>>  
>>  		spin_lock(&si->lock);
>>  		ci = lock_cluster(si, idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>> -		cluster_set_flag(ci, CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
>> -		unlock_cluster(ci);
>> -		cluster_list_add_tail(&si->free_clusters, info, idx);
>> -		ci = lock_cluster(si, idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>> +		__free_cluster(si, idx);
>>  		memset(si->swap_map + idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER,
>>  				0, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>>  		unlock_cluster(ci);
>> @@ -416,6 +420,34 @@ static void swap_discard_work(struct work_struct *work)
>>  	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
>>  }
>>  
>> +static void alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
>> +{
>> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info;
>> +
>> +	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_list_first(&si->free_clusters) != idx);
>> +	cluster_list_del_first(&si->free_clusters, ci);
>> +	cluster_set_count_flag(ci + idx, 0, 0);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
>> +{
>> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci = si->cluster_info + idx;
>> +
>> +	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_count(ci) != 0);
>> +	/*
>> +	 * If the swap is discardable, prepare discard the cluster
>> +	 * instead of free it immediately. The cluster will be freed
>> +	 * after discard.
>> +	 */
>> +	if ((si->flags & (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) ==
>> +	    (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) {
>> +		swap_cluster_schedule_discard(si, idx);
>> +		return;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	__free_cluster(si, idx);
>> +}
>> +
>>  /*
>>   * The cluster corresponding to page_nr will be used. The cluster will be
>>   * removed from free cluster list and its usage counter will be increased.
>> @@ -427,11 +459,8 @@ static void inc_cluster_info_page(struct swap_info_struct *p,
>>  
>>  	if (!cluster_info)
>>  		return;
>> -	if (cluster_is_free(&cluster_info[idx])) {
>> -		VM_BUG_ON(cluster_list_first(&p->free_clusters) != idx);
>> -		cluster_list_del_first(&p->free_clusters, cluster_info);
>> -		cluster_set_count_flag(&cluster_info[idx], 0, 0);
>> -	}
>> +	if (cluster_is_free(&cluster_info[idx]))
>> +		alloc_cluster(p, idx);
>>  
>>  	VM_BUG_ON(cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) >= SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>>  	cluster_set_count(&cluster_info[idx],
>> @@ -455,21 +484,8 @@ static void dec_cluster_info_page(struct swap_info_struct *p,
>>  	cluster_set_count(&cluster_info[idx],
>>  		cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) - 1);
>>  
>> -	if (cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) == 0) {
>> -		/*
>> -		 * If the swap is discardable, prepare discard the cluster
>> -		 * instead of free it immediately. The cluster will be freed
>> -		 * after discard.
>> -		 */
>> -		if ((p->flags & (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) ==
>> -				 (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) {
>> -			swap_cluster_schedule_discard(p, idx);
>> -			return;
>> -		}
>> -
>> -		cluster_set_flag(&cluster_info[idx], CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
>> -		cluster_list_add_tail(&p->free_clusters, cluster_info, idx);
>> -	}
>> +	if (cluster_count(&cluster_info[idx]) == 0)
>> +		free_cluster(p, idx);
>>  }
>>  
>>  /*
>> @@ -559,6 +575,60 @@ static bool scan_swap_map_try_ssd_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>>  	return found_free;
>>  }
>>  
>> +static void swap_range_alloc(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long offset,
>> +			     unsigned int nr_entries)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned int end = offset + nr_entries - 1;
>> +
>> +	if (offset == si->lowest_bit)
>> +		si->lowest_bit += nr_entries;
>> +	if (end == si->highest_bit)
>> +		si->highest_bit -= nr_entries;
>> +	si->inuse_pages += nr_entries;
>> +	if (si->inuse_pages == si->pages) {
>> +		si->lowest_bit = si->max;
>> +		si->highest_bit = 0;
>> +		spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
>> +		plist_del(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
>> +		spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
>> +	}
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void swap_range_free(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long offset,
>> +			    unsigned int nr_entries)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned long end = offset + nr_entries - 1;
>> +	void (*swap_slot_free_notify)(struct block_device *, unsigned long);
>> +
>> +	if (offset < si->lowest_bit)
>> +		si->lowest_bit = offset;
>> +	if (end > si->highest_bit) {
>> +		bool was_full = !si->highest_bit;
>> +
>> +		si->highest_bit = end;
>> +		if (was_full && (si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
>> +			spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
>> +			WARN_ON(!plist_node_empty(&si->avail_list));
>> +			if (plist_node_empty(&si->avail_list))
>> +				plist_add(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
>> +			spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
>> +		}
>> +	}
>> +	atomic_long_add(nr_entries, &nr_swap_pages);
>> +	si->inuse_pages -= nr_entries;
>> +	if (si->flags & SWP_BLKDEV)
>> +		swap_slot_free_notify =
>> +			si->bdev->bd_disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify;
>> +	else
>> +		swap_slot_free_notify = NULL;
>> +	while (offset <= end) {
>> +		frontswap_invalidate_page(si->type, offset);
>> +		if (swap_slot_free_notify)
>> +			swap_slot_free_notify(si->bdev, offset);
>> +		offset++;
>> +	}
>> +}
>> +
>>  static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>>  			       unsigned char usage, int nr,
>>  			       swp_entry_t slots[])
>> @@ -677,18 +747,7 @@ static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>>  	inc_cluster_info_page(si, si->cluster_info, offset);
>>  	unlock_cluster(ci);
>>  
>> -	if (offset == si->lowest_bit)
>> -		si->lowest_bit++;
>> -	if (offset == si->highest_bit)
>> -		si->highest_bit--;
>> -	si->inuse_pages++;
>> -	if (si->inuse_pages == si->pages) {
>> -		si->lowest_bit = si->max;
>> -		si->highest_bit = 0;
>> -		spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
>> -		plist_del(&si->avail_list, &swap_avail_head);
>> -		spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
>> -	}
>> +	swap_range_alloc(si, offset, 1);
>>  	si->cluster_next = offset + 1;
>>  	slots[n_ret++] = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
>>  
>> @@ -767,6 +826,52 @@ static int scan_swap_map_slots(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>>  	return n_ret;
>>  }
>>  
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
>> +static int swap_alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t *slot)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned long idx;
>> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
>> +	unsigned long offset, i;
>> +	unsigned char *map;
>> +
>> +	if (cluster_list_empty(&si->free_clusters))
>> +		return 0;
>> +
>> +	idx = cluster_list_first(&si->free_clusters);
>> +	offset = idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
>> +	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
>> +	alloc_cluster(si, idx);
>> +	cluster_set_count_flag(ci, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER, 0);
>> +
>> +	map = si->swap_map + offset;
>> +	for (i = 0; i < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER; i++)
>> +		map[i] = SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
>> +	unlock_cluster(ci);
>> +	swap_range_alloc(si, offset, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>> +	*slot = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
>> +
>> +	return 1;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void swap_free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long idx)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned long offset = idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
>> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
>> +
>> +	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
>> +	cluster_set_count_flag(ci, 0, 0);
>> +	free_cluster(si, idx);
>> +	unlock_cluster(ci);
>> +	swap_range_free(si, offset, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>> +}
>> +#else
>> +static int swap_alloc_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t *slot)
>> +{
>> +	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +#endif /* CONFIG_THP_SWAP */
>> +
>>  static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>>  				   unsigned char usage)
>>  {
>> @@ -782,13 +887,17 @@ static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
>>  
>>  }
>>  
>> -int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>> +int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, bool cluster, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>>  {
>> +	unsigned long nr_pages = cluster ? SWAPFILE_CLUSTER : 1;
>>  	struct swap_info_struct *si, *next;
>>  	long avail_pgs;
>>  	int n_ret = 0;
>>  
>> -	avail_pgs = atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages);
>> +	/* Only single cluster request supported */
>> +	WARN_ON_ONCE(n_goal > 1 && cluster);
>> +
>> +	avail_pgs = atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages) / nr_pages;
>>  	if (avail_pgs <= 0)
>>  		goto noswap;
>>  
>> @@ -798,7 +907,7 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>>  	if (n_goal > avail_pgs)
>>  		n_goal = avail_pgs;
>>  
>> -	atomic_long_sub(n_goal, &nr_swap_pages);
>> +	atomic_long_sub(n_goal * nr_pages, &nr_swap_pages);
>>  
>>  	spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
>>  
>> @@ -824,10 +933,13 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>>  			spin_unlock(&si->lock);
>>  			goto nextsi;
>>  		}
>> -		n_ret = scan_swap_map_slots(si, SWAP_HAS_CACHE,
>> -					    n_goal, swp_entries);
>> +		if (likely(cluster))
>> +			n_ret = swap_alloc_cluster(si, swp_entries);
>> +		else
>> +			n_ret = scan_swap_map_slots(si, SWAP_HAS_CACHE,
>> +						    n_goal, swp_entries);
>>  		spin_unlock(&si->lock);
>> -		if (n_ret)
>> +		if (n_ret || unlikely(cluster))
>>  			goto check_out;
>>  		pr_debug("scan_swap_map of si %d failed to find offset\n",
>>  			si->type);
>> @@ -853,7 +965,8 @@ int get_swap_pages(int n_goal, swp_entry_t swp_entries[])
>>  
>>  check_out:
>>  	if (n_ret < n_goal)
>> -		atomic_long_add((long) (n_goal-n_ret), &nr_swap_pages);
>> +		atomic_long_add((long)(n_goal - n_ret) * nr_pages,
>> +				&nr_swap_pages);
>>  noswap:
>>  	return n_ret;
>>  }
>> @@ -1009,32 +1122,8 @@ static void swap_entry_free(struct swap_info_struct *p, swp_entry_t entry)
>>  	dec_cluster_info_page(p, p->cluster_info, offset);
>>  	unlock_cluster(ci);
>>  
>> -	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry);
>> -	if (offset < p->lowest_bit)
>> -		p->lowest_bit = offset;
>> -	if (offset > p->highest_bit) {
>> -		bool was_full = !p->highest_bit;
>> -
>> -		p->highest_bit = offset;
>> -		if (was_full && (p->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
>> -			spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
>> -			WARN_ON(!plist_node_empty(&p->avail_list));
>> -			if (plist_node_empty(&p->avail_list))
>> -				plist_add(&p->avail_list,
>> -					  &swap_avail_head);
>> -			spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
>> -		}
>> -	}
>> -	atomic_long_inc(&nr_swap_pages);
>> -	p->inuse_pages--;
>> -	frontswap_invalidate_page(p->type, offset);
>> -	if (p->flags & SWP_BLKDEV) {
>> -		struct gendisk *disk = p->bdev->bd_disk;
>> -
>> -		if (disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify)
>> -			disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify(p->bdev,
>> -							  offset);
>> -	}
>> +	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, 1);
>> +	swap_range_free(p, offset, 1);
>>  }
>>  
>>  /*
>> @@ -1066,6 +1155,33 @@ void swapcache_free(swp_entry_t entry)
>>  	}
>>  }
>>  
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
>> +void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
>> +	unsigned long idx = offset / SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
>> +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
>> +	struct swap_info_struct *si;
>> +	unsigned char *map;
>> +	unsigned int i;
>> +
>> +	si = swap_info_get(entry);
>> +	if (!si)
>> +		return;
>> +
>> +	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
>> +	map = si->swap_map + offset;
>> +	for (i = 0; i < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER; i++) {
>> +		VM_BUG_ON(map[i] != SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
>> +		map[i] = 0;
>> +	}
>> +	unlock_cluster(ci);
>> +	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>> +	swap_free_cluster(si, idx);
>> +	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
>> +}
>> +#endif /* CONFIG_THP_SWAP */
>> +
>>  static int swp_entry_cmp(const void *ent1, const void *ent2)
>>  {
>>  	const swp_entry_t *e1 = ent1, *e2 = ent2;
>
>
> This is a massive patch, I presume you've got recommendations to keep it
> this way?

Yes.  Johannes think this way is better than my previous organization,
which uses several smaller patches, but with function implementation and
function usage in different patches.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

> Balbir

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out
  2017-04-21  6:11   ` Balbir Singh
  2017-04-21  7:21     ` Huang, Ying
@ 2017-04-21 14:08     ` Johannes Weiner
  2017-04-22  0:07       ` Huang, Ying
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 16+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Weiner @ 2017-04-21 14:08 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Balbir Singh
  Cc: Huang, Ying, Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel,
	Andrea Arcangeli, Ebru Akagunduz, Michal Hocko, Tejun Heo,
	Hugh Dickins, Shaohua Li, Minchan Kim, Rik van Riel, cgroups

On Fri, Apr 21, 2017 at 04:11:36PM +1000, Balbir Singh wrote:
> > In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the
> > swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the
> > swap_cluster_info data structure.
> > 
> > The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support
> > charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole.
> 
> Thanks and in the future it will be good to add stats to indicate
> the number of THP swapped out for tracking.

Agreed. Huang, can you include stats from your test that show how many
times we succeed and how many times we fall back to splitting?

> > With the patch, the swap out throughput improves 11.5% (from about
> > 3.73GB/s to about 4.16GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
> > with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
> > device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. 
> 
> I am not sure if RAM simulating PMEM is a fair way to test, its just
> memcpy and no swap out.

It would be good to know exactly what simulating PMEM means. Does it
add some artificial delay, or is it a simple ramfs that holds a swap
file?

IMO, this patch isn't a pure cycles-optimization anyway in the "reduce
instructions involved in this path" sense. It's the groundwork to make
swapping THP-native. So slimming down the cycles is great, but the
infrastructure work to later do 2MB TLB shootdown and swap with 2MB IO
holds more weight for me.

> > @@ -326,11 +326,14 @@ PAGEFLAG_FALSE(HighMem)
> >  #ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
> >  static __always_inline int PageSwapCache(struct page *page)
> >  {
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
> > +	page = compound_head(page);
> > +#endif
> 
> Can we please add a static inline THPSwapPage() that returns page_compound(page)
> for CONFIG_THP_SWAP and page otherwise?

Where else would it be used?

I think it'd be preferable to leave this #ifdef wart as a reminder
that we need to revisit this.

> > @@ -5929,25 +5929,26 @@ int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
> >  	memcg = mem_cgroup_id_get_online(memcg);
> >  
> >  	if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg) &&
> > -	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, 1, &counter)) {
> > +	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, nr_pages, &counter)) {
> >  		mem_cgroup_id_put(memcg);
> >  		return -ENOMEM;
> >  	}
> >  
> > -	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(memcg));
> > +	if (nr_pages > 1)
> > +		mem_cgroup_id_get_many(memcg, nr_pages - 1);
> 
> The nr_pages -1 is not initutive, a comment about mem_cgroup_id_get_online()
> getting 1 would help.

Agreed. Something like this might help:

	/* Get references for the tail pages, too */

> > @@ -1066,6 +1155,33 @@ void swapcache_free(swp_entry_t entry)
> >  	}
> >  }
> >  
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
> > +void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry)
> > +{
> > +	unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
> > +	unsigned long idx = offset / SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
> > +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
> > +	struct swap_info_struct *si;
> > +	unsigned char *map;
> > +	unsigned int i;
> > +
> > +	si = swap_info_get(entry);
> > +	if (!si)
> > +		return;
> > +
> > +	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
> > +	map = si->swap_map + offset;
> > +	for (i = 0; i < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER; i++) {
> > +		VM_BUG_ON(map[i] != SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
> > +		map[i] = 0;
> > +	}
> > +	unlock_cluster(ci);
> > +	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
> > +	swap_free_cluster(si, idx);
> > +	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
> > +}
> > +#endif /* CONFIG_THP_SWAP */
> > +
> >  static int swp_entry_cmp(const void *ent1, const void *ent2)
> >  {
> >  	const swp_entry_t *e1 = ent1, *e2 = ent2;
> 
> 
> This is a massive patch, I presume you've got recommendations to keep it
> this way?

It used to be split into patches that introduce API and helpers on one
hand and patches that use these functions on the other hand. That was
impossible to review, because you had to jump between emails.

If you have ideas about which parts could be split out and be
stand-alone changes in their own right, I'd be all for that.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out
  2017-04-21 14:08     ` Johannes Weiner
@ 2017-04-22  0:07       ` Huang, Ying
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 16+ messages in thread
From: Huang, Ying @ 2017-04-22  0:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Johannes Weiner
  Cc: Balbir Singh, Huang, Ying, Andrew Morton, linux-mm, linux-kernel,
	Andrea Arcangeli, Ebru Akagunduz, Michal Hocko, Tejun Heo,
	Hugh Dickins, Shaohua Li, Minchan Kim, Rik van Riel, cgroups

Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> writes:

> On Fri, Apr 21, 2017 at 04:11:36PM +1000, Balbir Singh wrote:
>> > In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the
>> > swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the
>> > swap_cluster_info data structure.
>> > 
>> > The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support
>> > charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole.
>> 
>> Thanks and in the future it will be good to add stats to indicate
>> the number of THP swapped out for tracking.
>
> Agreed. Huang, can you include stats from your test that show how many
> times we succeed and how many times we fall back to splitting?

Sorry, I don't fully understand your words.  If my understanding were
correct, Balbir is asking some stats in /proc/vmstat.  For now, the
stats we can provide is how many success swap cluster allocations and
swap cache addings, and how many fails for them.  And in the next step
(to split THP after swapping out), we can add stats for how many THP
swapped out (written with 2M IO and reclaimed).  So I suggest to add two
stats, thp_swpout and thp_swpout_fallback in the next step.  What do you
think about that?

>> > With the patch, the swap out throughput improves 11.5% (from about
>> > 3.73GB/s to about 4.16GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case
>> > with 8 processes.  The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap
>> > device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. 
>> 
>> I am not sure if RAM simulating PMEM is a fair way to test, its just
>> memcpy and no swap out.
>
> It would be good to know exactly what simulating PMEM means. Does it
> add some artificial delay, or is it a simple ramfs that holds a swap
> file?

No artificial delay, just a RAM simulated block device implemented with
memcpy.

> IMO, this patch isn't a pure cycles-optimization anyway in the "reduce
> instructions involved in this path" sense. It's the groundwork to make
> swapping THP-native. So slimming down the cycles is great, but the
> infrastructure work to later do 2MB TLB shootdown and swap with 2MB IO
> holds more weight for me.

Yes.  Performance improvement is not the emphasis of this step, but will
be of the next step.

>> > @@ -326,11 +326,14 @@ PAGEFLAG_FALSE(HighMem)
>> >  #ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
>> >  static __always_inline int PageSwapCache(struct page *page)
>> >  {
>> > +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
>> > +	page = compound_head(page);
>> > +#endif
>> 
>> Can we please add a static inline THPSwapPage() that returns page_compound(page)
>> for CONFIG_THP_SWAP and page otherwise?
>
> Where else would it be used?
>
> I think it'd be preferable to leave this #ifdef wart as a reminder
> that we need to revisit this.
>
>> > @@ -5929,25 +5929,26 @@ int mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
>> >  	memcg = mem_cgroup_id_get_online(memcg);
>> >  
>> >  	if (!mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg) &&
>> > -	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, 1, &counter)) {
>> > +	    !page_counter_try_charge(&memcg->swap, nr_pages, &counter)) {
>> >  		mem_cgroup_id_put(memcg);
>> >  		return -ENOMEM;
>> >  	}
>> >  
>> > -	oldid = swap_cgroup_record(entry, mem_cgroup_id(memcg));
>> > +	if (nr_pages > 1)
>> > +		mem_cgroup_id_get_many(memcg, nr_pages - 1);
>> 
>> The nr_pages -1 is not initutive, a comment about mem_cgroup_id_get_online()
>> getting 1 would help.
>
> Agreed. Something like this might help:
>
> 	/* Get references for the tail pages, too */

Good suggestion!  I will add this.

>> > @@ -1066,6 +1155,33 @@ void swapcache_free(swp_entry_t entry)
>> >  	}
>> >  }
>> >  
>> > +#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
>> > +void swapcache_free_cluster(swp_entry_t entry)
>> > +{
>> > +	unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
>> > +	unsigned long idx = offset / SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
>> > +	struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
>> > +	struct swap_info_struct *si;
>> > +	unsigned char *map;
>> > +	unsigned int i;
>> > +
>> > +	si = swap_info_get(entry);
>> > +	if (!si)
>> > +		return;
>> > +
>> > +	ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
>> > +	map = si->swap_map + offset;
>> > +	for (i = 0; i < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER; i++) {
>> > +		VM_BUG_ON(map[i] != SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
>> > +		map[i] = 0;
>> > +	}
>> > +	unlock_cluster(ci);
>> > +	mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
>> > +	swap_free_cluster(si, idx);
>> > +	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
>> > +}
>> > +#endif /* CONFIG_THP_SWAP */
>> > +
>> >  static int swp_entry_cmp(const void *ent1, const void *ent2)
>> >  {
>> >  	const swp_entry_t *e1 = ent1, *e2 = ent2;
>> 
>> 
>> This is a massive patch, I presume you've got recommendations to keep it
>> this way?
>
> It used to be split into patches that introduce API and helpers on one
> hand and patches that use these functions on the other hand. That was
> impossible to review, because you had to jump between emails.
>
> If you have ideas about which parts could be split out and be
> stand-alone changes in their own right, I'd be all for that.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 16+ messages in thread

end of thread, other threads:[~2017-04-22  0:07 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 16+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2017-04-19  7:06 [PATCH -mm -v9 0/3] THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out Huang, Ying
2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 1/3] mm, THP, swap: Delay splitting THP during swap out Huang, Ying
2017-04-19 15:52   ` Johannes Weiner
2017-04-20  0:43     ` Huang, Ying
2017-04-21  6:11   ` Balbir Singh
2017-04-21  7:21     ` Huang, Ying
2017-04-21 14:08     ` Johannes Weiner
2017-04-22  0:07       ` Huang, Ying
2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 2/3] mm, THP, swap: Check whether THP can be split firstly Huang, Ying
2017-04-19 16:13   ` Johannes Weiner
2017-04-20  0:50     ` Huang, Ying
2017-04-20 20:50       ` Johannes Weiner
2017-04-21  0:34         ` Huang, Ying
2017-04-19  7:06 ` [PATCH -mm -v9 3/3] mm, THP, swap: Enable THP swap optimization only if has compound map Huang, Ying
2017-04-19 16:00   ` Johannes Weiner
2017-04-20  0:51     ` Huang, Ying

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