[v4 0/2] "Hotremove" persistent memory

[v4 0/2] "Hotremove" persistent memory

[Pavel Tatashin]

Changelog:
v4
- Addressed comments from Dave Hansen

v3
- Addressed comments from David Hildenbrand. Don't release
  lock_device_hotplug after checking memory status, and rename
  memblock_offlined_cb() to check_memblock_offlined_cb()

v2
- Dan Williams mentioned that drv->remove() return is ignored
  by unbind. Unbind always succeeds. Because we cannot guarantee
  that memory can be offlined from the driver, don't even
  attempt to do so. Simply check that every section is offlined
  beforehand and only then proceed with removing dax memory.

---

Recently, adding a persistent memory to be used like a regular RAM was
added to Linux. This work extends this functionality to also allow hot
removing persistent memory.

We (Microsoft) have an important use case for this functionality.

The requirement is for physical machines with small amount of RAM (~8G)
to be able to reboot in a very short period of time (<1s). Yet, there is
a userland state that is expensive to recreate (~2G).

The solution is to boot machines with 2G preserved for persistent
memory.

Copy the state, and hotadd the persistent memory so machine still has
all 8G available for runtime. Before reboot, offline and hotremove
device-dax 2G, copy the memory that is needed to be preserved to pmem0
device, and reboot.

The series of operations look like this:

1. After boot restore /dev/pmem0 to ramdisk to be consumed by apps.
   and free ramdisk.
2. Convert raw pmem0 to devdax
   ndctl create-namespace --mode devdax --map mem -e namespace0.0 -f
3. Hotadd to System RAM
   echo dax0.0 > /sys/bus/dax/drivers/device_dax/unbind
   echo dax0.0 > /sys/bus/dax/drivers/kmem/new_id
   echo online_movable > /sys/devices/system/memoryXXX/state
4. Before reboot hotremove device-dax memory from System RAM
   echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memoryXXX/state
   echo dax0.0 > /sys/bus/dax/drivers/kmem/unbind
5. Create raw pmem0 device
   ndctl create-namespace --mode raw  -e namespace0.0 -f
6. Copy the state that was stored by apps to ramdisk to pmem device
7. Do kexec reboot or reboot through firmware if firmware does not
   zero memory in pmem0 region (These machines have only regular
   volatile memory). So to have pmem0 device either memmap kernel
   parameter is used, or devices nodes in dtb are specified.

Pavel Tatashin (2):
  device-dax: fix memory and resource leak if hotplug fails
  device-dax: "Hotremove" persistent memory that is used like normal RAM

 drivers/dax/dax-private.h |   2 +
 drivers/dax/kmem.c        | 104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

-- 
2.21.0

[v4 1/2] device-dax: fix memory and resource leak if hotplug fails

[Pavel Tatashin]

When add_memory() function fails, the resource and the memory should be
freed.

Fixes: c221c0b0308f ("device-dax: "Hotplug" persistent memory for use like normal RAM")

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
---
 drivers/dax/kmem.c | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/dax/kmem.c b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
index a02318c6d28a..4c0131857133 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/kmem.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
@@ -66,8 +66,11 @@ int dev_dax_kmem_probe(struct device *dev)
 	new_res->name = dev_name(dev);
 
 	rc = add_memory(numa_node, new_res->start, resource_size(new_res));
-	if (rc)
+	if (rc) {
+		release_resource(new_res);
+		kfree(new_res);
 		return rc;
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
-- 
2.21.0

[v4 2/2] device-dax: "Hotremove" persistent memory that is used like normal RAM

[Pavel Tatashin]

It is now allowed to use persistent memory like a regular RAM, but
currently there is no way to remove this memory until machine is
rebooted.

This work expands the functionality to also allows hotremoving
previously hotplugged persistent memory, and recover the device for use
for other purposes.

To hotremove persistent memory, the management software must first
offline all memory blocks of dax region, and than unbind it from
device-dax/kmem driver. So, operations should look like this:

echo offline > echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryN/state
...
echo dax0.0 > /sys/bus/dax/drivers/kmem/unbind

Note: if unbind is done without offlining memory beforehand, it won't be
possible to do dax0.0 hotremove, and dax's memory is going to be part of
System RAM until reboot.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
---
 drivers/dax/dax-private.h |  2 +
 drivers/dax/kmem.c        | 99 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/dax/dax-private.h b/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
index a45612148ca0..999aaf3a29b3 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
+++ b/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ struct dax_region {
  * @pgmap - pgmap for memmap setup / lifetime (driver owned)
  * @ref: pgmap reference count (driver owned)
  * @cmp: @ref final put completion (driver owned)
+ * @dax_mem_res: physical address range of hotadded DAX memory
  */
 struct dev_dax {
 	struct dax_region *region;
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ struct dev_dax {
 	struct dev_pagemap pgmap;
 	struct percpu_ref ref;
 	struct completion cmp;
+	struct resource *dax_kmem_res;
 };
 
 static inline struct dev_dax *to_dev_dax(struct device *dev)
diff --git a/drivers/dax/kmem.c b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
index 4c0131857133..72b868066026 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/kmem.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
@@ -71,21 +71,112 @@ int dev_dax_kmem_probe(struct device *dev)
 		kfree(new_res);
 		return rc;
 	}
+	dev_dax->dax_kmem_res = new_res;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
+static int
+check_devdax_mem_offlined_cb(struct memory_block *mem, void *arg)
+{
+	/* Memory block device */
+	struct device *mem_dev = &mem->dev;
+	bool is_offline;
+
+	device_lock(mem_dev);
+	is_offline = mem_dev->offline;
+	device_unlock(mem_dev);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that device-dax's memory_blocks are offline. If a memory_block
+	 * is not offline a warning is printed and an error is returned.
+	 */
+	if (!is_offline) {
+		/* Dax device device */
+		struct device *dev = (struct device *)arg;
+		struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
+		struct resource *res = &dev_dax->region->res;
+		unsigned long spfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->start_section_nr);
+		unsigned long epfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->end_section_nr) +
+						       PAGES_PER_SECTION - 1;
+		phys_addr_t spa = spfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
+		phys_addr_t epa = epfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+		dev_err(dev,
+			"DAX region %pR cannot be hotremoved until the next reboot. Memory block [%pa-%pa] is not offline.\n",
+			res, &spa, &epa);
+
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dev_dax_kmem_remove(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
+	struct resource *res = dev_dax->dax_kmem_res;
+	resource_size_t kmem_start;
+	resource_size_t kmem_size;
+	unsigned long start_pfn;
+	unsigned long end_pfn;
+	int rc;
+
+	kmem_start = res->start;
+	kmem_size = resource_size(res);
+	start_pfn = kmem_start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	end_pfn = start_pfn + (kmem_size >> PAGE_SHIFT) - 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Keep hotplug lock while checking memory state, and also required
+	 * during __remove_memory() call. Admin can't change memory state via
+	 * sysfs while this lock is kept.
+	 */
+	lock_device_hotplug();
+
+	/*
+	 * Walk and check that every singe memory_block of dax region is
+	 * offline. Hotremove can succeed only when every memory_block is
+	 * offlined beforehand.
+	 */
+	rc = walk_memory_range(start_pfn, end_pfn, dev,
+			       check_devdax_mem_offlined_cb);
+
+	/*
+	 * If admin has not offlined memory beforehand, we cannot hotremove dax.
+	 * Unfortunately, because unbind will still succeed there is no way for
+	 * user to hotremove dax after this.
+	 */
+	if (rc) {
+		unlock_device_hotplug();
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	/* Hotremove memory, cannot fail because memory is already offlined */
+	__remove_memory(dev_dax->target_node, kmem_start, kmem_size);
+	unlock_device_hotplug();
+
+	/* Release and free dax resources */
+	release_resource(res);
+	kfree(res);
+	dev_dax->dax_kmem_res = NULL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#else
 static int dev_dax_kmem_remove(struct device *dev)
 {
 	/*
-	 * Purposely leak the request_mem_region() for the device-dax
-	 * range and return '0' to ->remove() attempts. The removal of
-	 * the device from the driver always succeeds, but the region
-	 * is permanently pinned as reserved by the unreleased
+	 * Without hotremove purposely leak the request_mem_region() for the
+	 * device-dax range and return '0' to ->remove() attempts. The removal
+	 * of the device from the driver always succeeds, but the region is
+	 * permanently pinned as reserved by the unreleased
 	 * request_mem_region().
 	 */
 	return 0;
 }
+#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */
 
 static struct dax_device_driver device_dax_kmem_driver = {
 	.drv = {
-- 
2.21.0

Re: [v4 2/2] device-dax: "Hotremove" persistent memory that is used like normal RAM

[David Hildenbrand]

On 01.05.19 21:18, Pavel Tatashin wrote:
> It is now allowed to use persistent memory like a regular RAM, but
> currently there is no way to remove this memory until machine is
> rebooted.
> 
> This work expands the functionality to also allows hotremoving
> previously hotplugged persistent memory, and recover the device for use
> for other purposes.
> 
> To hotremove persistent memory, the management software must first
> offline all memory blocks of dax region, and than unbind it from
> device-dax/kmem driver. So, operations should look like this:
> 
> echo offline > echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryN/state
> ...
> echo dax0.0 > /sys/bus/dax/drivers/kmem/unbind
> 
> Note: if unbind is done without offlining memory beforehand, it won't be
> possible to do dax0.0 hotremove, and dax's memory is going to be part of
> System RAM until reboot.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
> ---
>  drivers/dax/dax-private.h |  2 +
>  drivers/dax/kmem.c        | 99 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>  2 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/dax/dax-private.h b/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
> index a45612148ca0..999aaf3a29b3 100644
> --- a/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
> +++ b/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
> @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ struct dax_region {
>   * @pgmap - pgmap for memmap setup / lifetime (driver owned)
>   * @ref: pgmap reference count (driver owned)
>   * @cmp: @ref final put completion (driver owned)
> + * @dax_mem_res: physical address range of hotadded DAX memory
>   */
>  struct dev_dax {
>  	struct dax_region *region;
> @@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ struct dev_dax {
>  	struct dev_pagemap pgmap;
>  	struct percpu_ref ref;
>  	struct completion cmp;
> +	struct resource *dax_kmem_res;
>  };
>  
>  static inline struct dev_dax *to_dev_dax(struct device *dev)
> diff --git a/drivers/dax/kmem.c b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
> index 4c0131857133..72b868066026 100644
> --- a/drivers/dax/kmem.c
> +++ b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
> @@ -71,21 +71,112 @@ int dev_dax_kmem_probe(struct device *dev)
>  		kfree(new_res);
>  		return rc;
>  	}
> +	dev_dax->dax_kmem_res = new_res;
>  
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
> +static int
> +check_devdax_mem_offlined_cb(struct memory_block *mem, void *arg)
> +{
> +	/* Memory block device */
> +	struct device *mem_dev = &mem->dev;
> +	bool is_offline;
> +
> +	device_lock(mem_dev);
> +	is_offline = mem_dev->offline;
> +	device_unlock(mem_dev);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Check that device-dax's memory_blocks are offline. If a memory_block
> +	 * is not offline a warning is printed and an error is returned.
> +	 */
> +	if (!is_offline) {
> +		/* Dax device device */
> +		struct device *dev = (struct device *)arg;
> +		struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
> +		struct resource *res = &dev_dax->region->res;
> +		unsigned long spfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->start_section_nr);
> +		unsigned long epfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->end_section_nr) +
> +						       PAGES_PER_SECTION - 1;
> +		phys_addr_t spa = spfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
> +		phys_addr_t epa = epfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
> +		dev_err(dev,
> +			"DAX region %pR cannot be hotremoved until the next reboot. Memory block [%pa-%pa] is not offline.\n",
> +			res, &spa, &epa);
> +
> +		return -EBUSY;
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int dev_dax_kmem_remove(struct device *dev)
> +{
> +	struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
> +	struct resource *res = dev_dax->dax_kmem_res;
> +	resource_size_t kmem_start;
> +	resource_size_t kmem_size;
> +	unsigned long start_pfn;
> +	unsigned long end_pfn;
> +	int rc;
> +
> +	kmem_start = res->start;
> +	kmem_size = resource_size(res);
> +	start_pfn = kmem_start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +	end_pfn = start_pfn + (kmem_size >> PAGE_SHIFT) - 1;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Keep hotplug lock while checking memory state, and also required
> +	 * during __remove_memory() call. Admin can't change memory state via
> +	 * sysfs while this lock is kept.
> +	 */
> +	lock_device_hotplug();
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Walk and check that every singe memory_block of dax region is
> +	 * offline. Hotremove can succeed only when every memory_block is
> +	 * offlined beforehand.
> +	 */
> +	rc = walk_memory_range(start_pfn, end_pfn, dev,
> +			       check_devdax_mem_offlined_cb);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * If admin has not offlined memory beforehand, we cannot hotremove dax.
> +	 * Unfortunately, because unbind will still succeed there is no way for
> +	 * user to hotremove dax after this.
> +	 */
> +	if (rc) {
> +		unlock_device_hotplug();
> +		return rc;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Hotremove memory, cannot fail because memory is already offlined */
> +	__remove_memory(dev_dax->target_node, kmem_start, kmem_size);
> +	unlock_device_hotplug();
> +
> +	/* Release and free dax resources */
> +	release_resource(res);
> +	kfree(res);
> +	dev_dax->dax_kmem_res = NULL;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +#else
>  static int dev_dax_kmem_remove(struct device *dev)
>  {
>  	/*
> -	 * Purposely leak the request_mem_region() for the device-dax
> -	 * range and return '0' to ->remove() attempts. The removal of
> -	 * the device from the driver always succeeds, but the region
> -	 * is permanently pinned as reserved by the unreleased
> +	 * Without hotremove purposely leak the request_mem_region() for the
> +	 * device-dax range and return '0' to ->remove() attempts. The removal
> +	 * of the device from the driver always succeeds, but the region is
> +	 * permanently pinned as reserved by the unreleased
>  	 * request_mem_region().
>  	 */
>  	return 0;
>  }
> +#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */
>  
>  static struct dax_device_driver device_dax_kmem_driver = {
>  	.drv = {
> 

Memory unplug bits

Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>

-- 

Thanks,

David / dhildenb

Re: [v4 2/2] device-dax: "Hotremove" persistent memory that is used like normal RAM

[Pavel Tatashin]

>
> Memory unplug bits
>
> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>

Thank you David.

Pasha

Re: [v4 2/2] device-dax: "Hotremove" persistent memory that is used like normal RAM

[Dan Williams]

On Wed, May 1, 2019 at 12:19 PM Pavel Tatashin
<pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> wrote:
>
> It is now allowed to use persistent memory like a regular RAM, but
> currently there is no way to remove this memory until machine is
> rebooted.
>
> This work expands the functionality to also allows hotremoving
> previously hotplugged persistent memory, and recover the device for use
> for other purposes.
>
> To hotremove persistent memory, the management software must first
> offline all memory blocks of dax region, and than unbind it from
> device-dax/kmem driver. So, operations should look like this:
>
> echo offline > echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryN/state
> ...
> echo dax0.0 > /sys/bus/dax/drivers/kmem/unbind
>
> Note: if unbind is done without offlining memory beforehand, it won't be
> possible to do dax0.0 hotremove, and dax's memory is going to be part of
> System RAM until reboot.
>
> Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
> ---
>  drivers/dax/dax-private.h |  2 +
>  drivers/dax/kmem.c        | 99 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>  2 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/dax/dax-private.h b/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
> index a45612148ca0..999aaf3a29b3 100644
> --- a/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
> +++ b/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
> @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ struct dax_region {
>   * @pgmap - pgmap for memmap setup / lifetime (driver owned)
>   * @ref: pgmap reference count (driver owned)
>   * @cmp: @ref final put completion (driver owned)
> + * @dax_mem_res: physical address range of hotadded DAX memory
>   */
>  struct dev_dax {
>         struct dax_region *region;
> @@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ struct dev_dax {
>         struct dev_pagemap pgmap;
>         struct percpu_ref ref;
>         struct completion cmp;
> +       struct resource *dax_kmem_res;
>  };
>
>  static inline struct dev_dax *to_dev_dax(struct device *dev)
> diff --git a/drivers/dax/kmem.c b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
> index 4c0131857133..72b868066026 100644
> --- a/drivers/dax/kmem.c
> +++ b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
> @@ -71,21 +71,112 @@ int dev_dax_kmem_probe(struct device *dev)
>                 kfree(new_res);
>                 return rc;
>         }
> +       dev_dax->dax_kmem_res = new_res;
>
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
> +static int
> +check_devdax_mem_offlined_cb(struct memory_block *mem, void *arg)
> +{
> +       /* Memory block device */
> +       struct device *mem_dev = &mem->dev;
> +       bool is_offline;
> +
> +       device_lock(mem_dev);
> +       is_offline = mem_dev->offline;
> +       device_unlock(mem_dev);
> +
> +       /*
> +        * Check that device-dax's memory_blocks are offline. If a memory_block
> +        * is not offline a warning is printed and an error is returned.
> +        */
> +       if (!is_offline) {
> +               /* Dax device device */
> +               struct device *dev = (struct device *)arg;
> +               struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
> +               struct resource *res = &dev_dax->region->res;
> +               unsigned long spfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->start_section_nr);
> +               unsigned long epfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->end_section_nr) +
> +                                                      PAGES_PER_SECTION - 1;
> +               phys_addr_t spa = spfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
> +               phys_addr_t epa = epfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
> +               dev_err(dev,
> +                       "DAX region %pR cannot be hotremoved until the next reboot. Memory block [%pa-%pa] is not offline.\n",
> +                       res, &spa, &epa);
> +
> +               return -EBUSY;
> +       }
> +
> +       return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int dev_dax_kmem_remove(struct device *dev)
> +{
> +       struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
> +       struct resource *res = dev_dax->dax_kmem_res;
> +       resource_size_t kmem_start;
> +       resource_size_t kmem_size;
> +       unsigned long start_pfn;
> +       unsigned long end_pfn;
> +       int rc;
> +
> +       kmem_start = res->start;
> +       kmem_size = resource_size(res);
> +       start_pfn = kmem_start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +       end_pfn = start_pfn + (kmem_size >> PAGE_SHIFT) - 1;
> +
> +       /*
> +        * Keep hotplug lock while checking memory state, and also required
> +        * during __remove_memory() call. Admin can't change memory state via
> +        * sysfs while this lock is kept.
> +        */
> +       lock_device_hotplug();
> +
> +       /*
> +        * Walk and check that every singe memory_block of dax region is
> +        * offline. Hotremove can succeed only when every memory_block is
> +        * offlined beforehand.
> +        */
> +       rc = walk_memory_range(start_pfn, end_pfn, dev,
> +                              check_devdax_mem_offlined_cb);
> +
> +       /*
> +        * If admin has not offlined memory beforehand, we cannot hotremove dax.
> +        * Unfortunately, because unbind will still succeed there is no way for
> +        * user to hotremove dax after this.
> +        */
> +       if (rc) {
> +               unlock_device_hotplug();
> +               return rc;
> +       }
> +
> +       /* Hotremove memory, cannot fail because memory is already offlined */
> +       __remove_memory(dev_dax->target_node, kmem_start, kmem_size);
> +       unlock_device_hotplug();

Currently the kmem driver can be built as a module, and I don't see a
need to drop that flexibility. What about wrapping these core
routines:

    unlock_device_hotplug
    __remove_memory
    walk_memory_range
    lock_device_hotplug

...into a common exported (gpl) helper like:

    int try_remove_memory(int nid, struct resource *res)

Because as far as I can see there's nothing device-dax specific about
this "try remove iff offline" functionality outside of looking up the
related 'struct resource'. The check_devdax_mem_offlined_cb callback
can be made generic if the callback argument is the resource pointer.

Re: [v4 2/2] device-dax: "Hotremove" persistent memory that is used like normal RAM

[Pavel Tatashin]

> Currently the kmem driver can be built as a module, and I don't see a
> need to drop that flexibility. What about wrapping these core
> routines:
>
>     unlock_device_hotplug
>     __remove_memory
>     walk_memory_range
>     lock_device_hotplug
>
> ...into a common exported (gpl) helper like:
>
>     int try_remove_memory(int nid, struct resource *res)
>
> Because as far as I can see there's nothing device-dax specific about
> this "try remove iff offline" functionality outside of looking up the
> related 'struct resource'. The check_devdax_mem_offlined_cb callback
> can be made generic if the callback argument is the resource pointer.

Makes sense, I will do both things that you suggested.

Thank you,
Pasha

Re: [v4 2/2] device-dax: "Hotremove" persistent memory that is used like normal RAM

[Sasha Levin]

On Wed, May 01, 2019 at 03:18:46PM -0400, Pavel Tatashin wrote:
>It is now allowed to use persistent memory like a regular RAM, but
>currently there is no way to remove this memory until machine is
>rebooted.
>
>This work expands the functionality to also allows hotremoving
>previously hotplugged persistent memory, and recover the device for use
>for other purposes.
>
>To hotremove persistent memory, the management software must first
>offline all memory blocks of dax region, and than unbind it from
>device-dax/kmem driver. So, operations should look like this:
>
>echo offline > echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryN/state

This looks wrong :)

--
Thanks,
Sasha

Re: [v4 2/2] device-dax: "Hotremove" persistent memory that is used like normal RAM

[Pavel Tatashin]

> >device-dax/kmem driver. So, operations should look like this:
> >
> >echo offline > echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryN/state

>
> This looks wrong :)
>

Indeed, I  will fix patch log in the next version.

Thank you,
Pasha