linux-kernel.vger.kernel.org archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Changbin Du <changbin.du@gmail.com>
To: corbet@lwn.net, tglx@linutronix.de, mingo@redhat.com, bp@alien8.de
Cc: x86@kernel.org, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Changbin Du <changbin.du@gmail.com>,
	Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH v3 15/27] Documentation: x86: convert pti.txt to reST
Date: Tue,  7 May 2019 01:09:11 +0800	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20190506170923.7117-16-changbin.du@gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20190506170923.7117-1-changbin.du@gmail.com>

This converts the plain text documentation to reStructuredText format and
add it to Sphinx TOC tree. No essential content change.

Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <changbin.du@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/x86/index.rst            |  1 +
 Documentation/x86/{pti.txt => pti.rst} | 17 +++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 rename Documentation/x86/{pti.txt => pti.rst} (96%)

diff --git a/Documentation/x86/index.rst b/Documentation/x86/index.rst
index 85f1f44cc8ac..6719defc16f8 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/x86/index.rst
@@ -21,3 +21,4 @@ x86-specific Documentation
    protection-keys
    intel_mpx
    amd-memory-encryption
+   pti
diff --git a/Documentation/x86/pti.txt b/Documentation/x86/pti.rst
similarity index 96%
rename from Documentation/x86/pti.txt
rename to Documentation/x86/pti.rst
index 5cd58439ad2d..4b858a9bad8d 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/pti.txt
+++ b/Documentation/x86/pti.rst
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==========================
+Page Table Isolation (PTI)
+==========================
+
 Overview
 ========
 
-Page Table Isolation (pti, previously known as KAISER[1]) is a
+Page Table Isolation (pti, previously known as KAISER [1]_) is a
 countermeasure against attacks on the shared user/kernel address
-space such as the "Meltdown" approach[2].
+space such as the "Meltdown" approach [2]_.
 
 To mitigate this class of attacks, we create an independent set of
 page tables for use only when running userspace applications.  When
@@ -60,6 +66,7 @@ Protection against side-channel attacks is important.  But,
 this protection comes at a cost:
 
 1. Increased Memory Use
+
   a. Each process now needs an order-1 PGD instead of order-0.
      (Consumes an additional 4k per process).
   b. The 'cpu_entry_area' structure must be 2MB in size and 2MB
@@ -68,6 +75,7 @@ this protection comes at a cost:
      is decompressed, but no space in the kernel image itself.
 
 2. Runtime Cost
+
   a. CR3 manipulation to switch between the page table copies
      must be done at interrupt, syscall, and exception entry
      and exit (it can be skipped when the kernel is interrupted,
@@ -142,6 +150,7 @@ ideally doing all of these in parallel:
    interrupted, including nested NMIs.  Using "-c" boosts the rate of
    NMIs, and using two -c with separate counters encourages nested NMIs
    and less deterministic behavior.
+   ::
 
 	while true; do perf record -c 10000 -e instructions,cycles -a sleep 10; done
 
@@ -182,5 +191,5 @@ that are worth noting here.
    tended to be TLB invalidation issues.  Usually invalidating
    the wrong PCID, or otherwise missing an invalidation.
 
-1. https://gruss.cc/files/kaiser.pdf
-2. https://meltdownattack.com/meltdown.pdf
+.. [1] https://gruss.cc/files/kaiser.pdf
+.. [2] https://meltdownattack.com/meltdown.pdf
-- 
2.20.1


  parent reply	other threads:[~2019-05-06 17:11 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 30+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2019-05-06 17:08 [PATCH v3 00/27] Include linux x86 docs into Sphinx TOC tree Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:08 ` [PATCH v3 01/27] Documentation: add Linux x86 docs to " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:08 ` [PATCH v3 02/27] Documentation: x86: convert boot.txt to reST Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:52   ` Mauro Carvalho Chehab
2019-05-08 14:54     ` Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:08 ` [PATCH v3 03/27] Documentation: x86: convert topology.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 04/27] Documentation: x86: convert exception-tables.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 05/27] Documentation: x86: convert kernel-stacks " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 06/27] Documentation: x86: convert entry_64.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 07/27] Documentation: x86: convert earlyprintk.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 08/27] Documentation: x86: convert zero-page.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 09/27] Documentation: x86: convert tlb.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 10/27] Documentation: x86: convert mtrr.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 11/27] Documentation: x86: convert pat.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 12/27] Documentation: x86: convert protection-keys.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 13/27] Documentation: x86: convert intel_mpx.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 14/27] Documentation: x86: convert amd-memory-encryption.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` Changbin Du [this message]
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 16/27] Documentation: x86: convert microcode.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 17/27] Documentation: x86: convert resctrl_ui.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 18/27] Documentation: x86: convert orc-unwinder.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 19/27] Documentation: x86: convert usb-legacy-support.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 20/27] Documentation: x86: convert i386/IO-APIC.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 21/27] Documentation: x86: convert x86_64/boot-options.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 22/27] Documentation: x86: convert x86_64/uefi.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 23/27] Documentation: x86: convert x86_64/mm.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 24/27] Documentation: x86: convert x86_64/5level-paging.txt " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 25/27] Documentation: x86: convert x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 26/27] Documentation: x86: convert x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec " Changbin Du
2019-05-06 17:09 ` [PATCH v3 27/27] Documentation: x86: convert x86_64/machinecheck " Changbin Du

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20190506170923.7117-16-changbin.du@gmail.com \
    --to=changbin.du@gmail.com \
    --cc=bp@alien8.de \
    --cc=corbet@lwn.net \
    --cc=linux-doc@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=mchehab+samsung@kernel.org \
    --cc=mingo@redhat.com \
    --cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
    --cc=x86@kernel.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).