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From: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
To: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>,
	Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>,
	Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>,
	"J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>,
	Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
	David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>,
	Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>,
	Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>,
	Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
	Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>,
	Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>,
	Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
	Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>,
	Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
	Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws>,
	David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>,
	Chanho Min <chanho.min@lge.com>, Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>,
	Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>,
	Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>, Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>,
	Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
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	linux-s390@vger.kernel.org, linux-sh@vger.kernel.org,
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Subject: Re: [PATCH v12 01/12] lib: introduce copy_struct_{to,from}_user helpers
Date: Thu, 5 Sep 2019 12:45:08 +0200	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20190905104507.glbhzeke4p3cg3ti@wittgenstein> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20190905095026.gjemg2gqua2vufxb@yavin.dot.cyphar.com>

On Thu, Sep 05, 2019 at 07:50:26PM +1000, Aleksa Sarai wrote:
> On 2019-09-05, Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> wrote:
> > On 04/09/2019 22.19, Aleksa Sarai wrote:
> > > A common pattern for syscall extensions is increasing the size of a
> > > struct passed from userspace, such that the zero-value of the new fields
> > > result in the old kernel behaviour (allowing for a mix of userspace and
> > > kernel vintages to operate on one another in most cases). This is done
> > > in both directions -- hence two helpers -- though it's more common to
> > > have to copy user space structs into kernel space.
> > > 
> > > Previously there was no common lib/ function that implemented
> > > the necessary extension-checking semantics (and different syscalls
> > > implemented them slightly differently or incompletely[1]). A future
> > > patch replaces all of the common uses of this pattern to use the new
> > > copy_struct_{to,from}_user() helpers.
> > > 
> > > [1]: For instance {sched_setattr,perf_event_open,clone3}(2) all do do
> > >      similar checks to copy_struct_from_user() while rt_sigprocmask(2)
> > >      always rejects differently-sized struct arguments.
> > > 
> > > Suggested-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
> > > Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
> > > ---
> > > diff --git a/lib/struct_user.c b/lib/struct_user.c
> > > new file mode 100644
> > > index 000000000000..7301ab1bbe98
> > > --- /dev/null
> > > +++ b/lib/struct_user.c
> > > @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
> > > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
> > > +/*
> > > + * Copyright (C) 2019 SUSE LLC
> > > + * Copyright (C) 2019 Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
> > > + */
> > > +
> > > +#include <linux/types.h>
> > > +#include <linux/export.h>
> > > +#include <linux/uaccess.h>
> > > +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> > > +#include <linux/string.h>
> > > +
> > > +#define BUFFER_SIZE 64
> > > +
> > > +/*
> > > + * "memset(p, 0, size)" but for user space buffers. Caller must have already
> > > + * checked access_ok(p, size).
> > > + */
> > 
> > Isn't this __clear_user() exactly (perhaps except for the return value)?
> > Perhaps not every arch has that?
> 
> I didn't know about clear_user() -- I will switch to it.
> 
> > > +static int __memzero_user(void __user *p, size_t s)
> > > +{
> > > +	const char zeros[BUFFER_SIZE] = {};
> > > +	while (s > 0) {
> > > +		size_t n = min(s, sizeof(zeros));
> > > +
> > > +		if (__copy_to_user(p, zeros, n))
> > > +			return -EFAULT;
> > > +
> > > +		p += n;
> > > +		s -= n;
> > > +	}
> > > +	return 0;
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +/**
> > > + * copy_struct_to_user: copy a struct to user space
> > > + * @dst:   Destination address, in user space.
> > > + * @usize: Size of @dst struct.
> > > + * @src:   Source address, in kernel space.
> > > + * @ksize: Size of @src struct.
> > > + *
> > > + * Returns (in all cases, some data may have been copied):
> > > + *  * -EFBIG:  (@usize < @ksize) and there are non-zero trailing bytes in @src.
> > > + *  * -EFAULT: access to user space failed.
> > > + */
> > > +int copy_struct_to_user(void __user *dst, size_t usize,
> > > +			const void *src, size_t ksize)
> > > +{
> > > +	size_t size = min(ksize, usize);
> > > +	size_t rest = abs(ksize - usize);
> > 
> > Eh, I'd avoid abs() here due to the funkiness of the implicit type
> > conversions - ksize-usize has type size_t, then that's coerced to an int
> > (or a long maybe?), the abs is applied which return an int/long (or
> > unsigned versions?). Something like "rest = max(ksize, usize) - size;"
> > is more obviously correct and doesn't fall into any
> > narrowing/widening/sign extending traps.
> 
> Yeah, I originally used "max(ksize, usize) - size" for that reason but
> was worried it looked too funky (and some quick tests showed that abs()
> gives the right results in most cases -- though I just realised it would
> probably not give the right results around SIZE_MAX). I'll switch back.
> 
> > > +	if (unlikely(usize > PAGE_SIZE))
> > > +		return -EFAULT;
> > 
> > Please don't. That is a restriction on all future extensions - once a
> > kernel is shipped with a syscall using this helper with that arbitrary
> > restriction in place, that syscall is forever prevented from extending
> > its arg struct beyond PAGE_SIZE (which is arch-dependent anyway). Sure,
> > it's hard to imagine, but who'd have thought 32 O_* or CLONE_* bits
> > weren't enough for everybody?
> >
> > This is only for future compatibility, and if someone runs an app
> > compiled against 7.3 headers on a 5.4 kernel, they probably don't care
> > about performance, but they would like their app to run.
> 
> I'm not sure I agree that the limit is in place *forever* -- it's
> generally not a break in compatibility to convert an error into a
> success (though, there are counterexamples such as mknod(2) -- but that
> was a very specific case).
> 
> You're right that it would mean that some very new code won't run on
> very ancient kernels (assuming we ever pass around structs that
> massive), but there should be a reasonable trade-off here IMHO.

Passing a struct larger than a PAGE_SIZE right now (at least for all
those calls that would make use of this helper at the moment) is to be
considered a bug.
The PAGE_SIZE check is a reasonable heuristic. It's an assumption that
is pretty common in the kernel in other places as well. Plus the
possibility of DoS.

> 
> If we allow very large sizes, a program could probably DoS the kernel by
> allocating a moderately-large block of memory and then spawning a bunch
> of threads that all cause the kernel to re-check that the same 1GB block
> of memory is zeroed. I haven't tried, but it seems like it's best to
> avoid the possibility altogether.
> 
> > > +	}
> > > +	/* Copy the interoperable parts of the struct. */
> > > +	if (__copy_to_user(dst, src, size))
> > > +		return -EFAULT;
> > 
> > I think I understand why you put this last instead of handling the
> > buffer in the "natural" order. However,
> > I'm wondering whether we should actually do this copy before checking
> > that the extra kernel bytes are 0 - the user will still be told that
> > there was some extra information via the -EFBIG/-E2BIG return, but maybe
> > in some cases the part he understands is good enough. But I also guess
> > we have to look to existing users to see whether that would prevent them
> > from being converted to using this helper.
> > 
> > linux-api folks, WDYT?
> 
> Regarding the order, I just copied what sched and perf already do. I
> wouldn't mind doing it the other way around -- though I am a little
> cautious about implicitly making guarantees like that. The syscall that
> uses copy_struct_to_user() might not want to make that guarantee (it
> might not make sense for them), and there are some -E2BIG returns that
> won't result in data being copied (usize > PAGE_SIZE).
> 
> As for feedback, this is syscall-dependent at the moment. The sched and
> perf users explicitly return the size of the kernel structure (by
> overwriting uattr->size if -E2BIG is returned) for copies in either
> direction. So users arguably already have some kind of feedback about
> size issues. clone3() on the other hand doesn't do that (though it
> doesn't copy anything to user-space so this isn't relevant to this
> particular question).
> 
> Effectively, I'd like to see someone argue that this is something that
> they would personally want (before we do it).

I think the order you have right now is fine. I don't see the point of
doing work first before we have verified that things are sane.

  reply	other threads:[~2019-09-05 10:45 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 65+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2019-09-04 20:19 [PATCH v12 00/12] namei: openat2(2) path resolution restrictions Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 01/12] lib: introduce copy_struct_{to,from}_user helpers Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:48   ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-04 21:00   ` Randy Dunlap
2019-09-05  7:32   ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-09-05  9:26     ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05  9:43       ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-09-05 10:57         ` Peter Zijlstra
2019-09-11 10:37           ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05 13:35         ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05 17:01         ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05  8:43   ` Rasmus Villemoes
2019-09-05  9:50     ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05 10:45       ` Christian Brauner [this message]
2019-09-05  9:09   ` Andreas Schwab
2019-09-05 10:13     ` [PATCH v12 01/12] lib: introduce copy_struct_{to, from}_user helpers Gabriel Paubert
2019-09-05 11:05   ` [PATCH v12 01/12] lib: introduce copy_struct_{to,from}_user helpers Christian Brauner
2019-09-05 11:17     ` Rasmus Villemoes
2019-09-05 11:29       ` Christian Brauner
2019-09-05 13:40     ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05 11:09   ` Christian Brauner
2019-09-05 11:27     ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05 11:40       ` Christian Brauner
2019-09-05 18:07   ` Al Viro
2019-09-05 18:23     ` Christian Brauner
2019-09-05 18:28       ` Al Viro
2019-09-05 18:35         ` Christian Brauner
2019-09-05 19:56         ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05 22:31           ` Al Viro
2019-09-06  7:00           ` Christian Brauner
2019-09-05 23:00     ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-05 23:49       ` Al Viro
2019-09-06  0:09         ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-06  0:14         ` Al Viro
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 02/12] clone3: switch to copy_struct_from_user() Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 03/12] sched_setattr: switch to copy_struct_{to,from}_user() Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 04/12] perf_event_open: switch to copy_struct_from_user() Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 05/12] namei: obey trailing magic-link DAC permissions Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-17 21:30   ` Jann Horn
2019-09-18 13:51     ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-18 15:46       ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 06/12] procfs: switch magic-link modes to be more sane Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 07/12] open: O_EMPTYPATH: procfs-less file descriptor re-opening Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 08/12] namei: O_BENEATH-style path resolution flags Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 09/12] namei: LOOKUP_IN_ROOT: chroot-like path resolution Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 10/12] namei: aggressively check for nd->root escape on ".." resolution Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 21:09   ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-04 21:35     ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-04 21:36       ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-04 21:48     ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 22:16       ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-04 22:31       ` David Howells
2019-09-04 22:38         ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-04 23:29           ` Al Viro
2019-09-04 23:44             ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 11/12] open: openat2(2) syscall Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 21:00   ` Randy Dunlap
2019-09-07 12:40   ` Jeff Layton
2019-09-07 16:58     ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-07 17:42       ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-09-07 17:45         ` Linus Torvalds
2019-09-07 18:15           ` Andy Lutomirski
2019-09-10  6:35           ` Ingo Molnar
2019-09-08 16:24     ` Aleksa Sarai
2019-09-04 20:19 ` [PATCH v12 12/12] selftests: add openat2(2) selftests Aleksa Sarai

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