[PATCH v2 2/2] PCI: Add missing link delays required by the PCIe spec

[Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>]

Currently Linux does not follow PCIe spec regarding the required delays
after reset. A concrete example is a Thunderbolt add-in-card that
consists of a PCIe switch and two PCIe endpoints:

  +-1b.0-[01-6b]----00.0-[02-6b]--+-00.0-[03]----00.0 TBT controller
                                  +-01.0-[04-36]-- DS hotplug port
                                  +-02.0-[37]----00.0 xHCI controller
                                  \-04.0-[38-6b]-- DS hotplug port

The root port (1b.0) and the PCIe switch downstream ports are all PCIe
gen3 so they support 8GT/s link speeds.

We wait for the PCIe hierarchy to enter D3cold (runtime):

  pcieport 0000:00:1b.0: power state changed by ACPI to D3cold

When it wakes up from D3cold, according to the PCIe 4.0 section 5.8 the
PCIe switch is put to reset and its power is re-applied. This means that
we must follow the rules in PCIe 4.0 section 6.6.1.

For the PCIe gen3 ports we are dealing with here, the following applies:

  With a Downstream Port that supports Link speeds greater than 5.0
  GT/s, software must wait a minimum of 100 ms after Link training
  completes before sending a Configuration Request to the device
  immediately below that Port. Software can determine when Link training
  completes by polling the Data Link Layer Link Active bit or by setting
  up an associated interrupt (see Section 6.7.3.3).

Translating this into the above topology we would need to do this (DLLLA
stands for Data Link Layer Link Active):

  0000:00:1b.0: wait for 100 ms after DLLLA is set before access to 0000:01:00.0
  0000:02:00.0: wait for 100 ms after DLLLA is set before access to 0000:03:00.0
  0000:02:02.0: wait for 100 ms after DLLLA is set before access to 0000:37:00.0

I've instrumented the kernel with some additional logging so we can see
the actual delays performed:

  pcieport 0000:00:1b.0: power state changed by ACPI to D0
  pcieport 0000:00:1b.0: waiting for D3cold delay of 100 ms
  pcieport 0000:00:1b.0: waiting for D3hot delay of 10 ms
  pcieport 0000:02:01.0: waiting for D3hot delay of 10 ms
  pcieport 0000:02:04.0: waiting for D3hot delay of 10 ms

For the switch upstream port (01:00.0 reachable through 00:1b.0 root
port) we wait for 100 ms but not taking into account the DLLLA
requirement. We then wait 10 ms for D3hot -> D0 transition of the root
port and the two downstream hotplug ports. This means that we deviate
from what the spec requires.

Performing the same check for system sleep (s2idle) transitions it turns
out to be even worse. None of the mandatory delays are performed. If
this would be S3 instead of s2idle then according to PCI FW spec 3.2
section 4.6.8. there is a specific _DSM that allows the OS to skip the
delays but this platform does not provide the _DSM and does not go to S3
anyway so no firmware is involved that could already handle these
delays.

On this particular platform these delays are not actually needed because
there is an additional delay as part of the ACPI power resource that is
used to turn on power to the hierarchy but since that additional delay
is not required by any of standards (PCIe, ACPI) it is not present in
the Intel Ice Lake, for example where missing the mandatory delays
causes pciehp to start tearing down the stack too early (links are not
yet trained). Below is an example how it looks like when this happens:

  pcieport 0000:83:04.0: pciehp: Slot(4): Card not present
  pcieport 0000:87:04.0: PME# disabled
  pcieport 0000:83:04.0: pciehp: pciehp_unconfigure_device: domain:bus:dev = 0000:86:00
  pcieport 0000:86:00.0: Refused to change power state, currently in D3
  pcieport 0000:86:00.0: restoring config space at offset 0x3c (was 0xffffffff, writing 0x201ff)
  pcieport 0000:86:00.0: restoring config space at offset 0x38 (was 0xffffffff, writing 0x0)
  ...

There is also one reported case (see the bugzilla link below) where the
missing delay causes xHCI on a Titan Ridge controller fail to runtime
resume when USB-C dock is plugged. This does not involve pciehp but
instead it PCI core fails to runtime resume the xHCI device:

  pcieport 0000:04:02.0: restoring config space at offset 0xc (was 0x10000, writing 0x10020)
  pcieport 0000:04:02.0: restoring config space at offset 0x4 (was 0x100000, writing 0x100406)
  xhci_hcd 0000:39:00.0: Refused to change power state, currently in D3
  xhci_hcd 0000:39:00.0: restoring config space at offset 0x3c (was 0xffffffff, writing 0x1ff)
  xhci_hcd 0000:39:00.0: restoring config space at offset 0x38 (was 0xffffffff, writing 0x0)
  ...

For this reason, introduce a new function pci_bridge_wait_for_secondary_bus()
that is called on PCI core resume and runtime resume paths accordingly
if the bridge entered D3cold (and thus went through reset).

This is second attempt to add the missing delays. The previous solution
in commit c2bf1fc212f7 ("PCI: Add missing link delays required by the
PCIe spec") was reverted because of two issues it caused:

  1. One system become unresponsive after S3 resume due to PME service
     spinning in pcie_pme_work_fn(). The root port in question reports
     that the xHCI sent PME but the xHCI device itself does not have PME
     status set. The PME status bit is never cleared in the root port
     resulting the indefinite loop in pcie_pme_work_fn().

  2. Slows down resume if the root/downstream port does not support
     Data Link Layer Active Reporting because pcie_wait_for_link_delay()
     waits 1100 ms in that case.

This version should avoid the above issues because we restrict the delay
to happen only if the port went into D3cold.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/SL2P216MB01878BBCD75F21D882AEEA2880C60@SL2P216MB0187.KORP216.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM/
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203885
Reported-by: Kai-Heng Feng <kai.heng.feng@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Kai-Heng Feng <kai.heng.feng@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
---
 drivers/pci/pci-driver.c | 18 ++++++++
 drivers/pci/pci.c        | 92 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 drivers/pci/pci.h        |  1 +
 3 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c b/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
index a8124e47bf6e..74a144c9cf4e 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
@@ -917,6 +917,7 @@ static int pci_pm_suspend_noirq(struct device *dev)
 static int pci_pm_resume_noirq(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct pci_dev *pci_dev = to_pci_dev(dev);
+	bool d3cold = pci_dev->current_state == PCI_D3cold;
 	struct device_driver *drv = dev->driver;
 	int error = 0;
 
@@ -947,6 +948,14 @@ static int pci_pm_resume_noirq(struct device *dev)
 
 	pcie_pme_root_status_cleanup(pci_dev);
 
+	/*
+	 * If the hierarchy went into D3cold wait for the secondary bus to
+	 * become accessible. This is important for PCIe to prevent pciehp
+	 * from tearing down the downstream devices too soon.
+	 */
+	if (d3cold)
+		pci_bridge_wait_for_secondary_bus(pci_dev);
+
 	if (drv && drv->pm && drv->pm->resume_noirq)
 		error = drv->pm->resume_noirq(dev);
 
@@ -1329,6 +1338,7 @@ static int pci_pm_runtime_resume(struct device *dev)
 	int rc = 0;
 	struct pci_dev *pci_dev = to_pci_dev(dev);
 	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm = dev->driver ? dev->driver->pm : NULL;
+	bool d3cold = pci_dev->current_state == PCI_D3cold;
 
 	/*
 	 * Restoring config space is necessary even if the device is not bound
@@ -1344,6 +1354,14 @@ static int pci_pm_runtime_resume(struct device *dev)
 	pci_enable_wake(pci_dev, PCI_D0, false);
 	pci_fixup_device(pci_fixup_resume, pci_dev);
 
+	/*
+	 * If the hierarchy went into D3cold wait for the secondary bus to
+	 * become accessible. This is important for PCIe to prevent pciehp
+	 * from tearing down the downstream devices too soon.
+	 */
+	if (d3cold)
+		pci_bridge_wait_for_secondary_bus(pci_dev);
+
 	if (pm && pm->runtime_resume)
 		rc = pm->runtime_resume(dev);
 
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci.c b/drivers/pci/pci.c
index bfd92e018925..749c4625dea4 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pci.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/pci.c
@@ -1025,15 +1025,11 @@ static void __pci_start_power_transition(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state)
 	if (state == PCI_D0) {
 		pci_platform_power_transition(dev, PCI_D0);
 		/*
-		 * Mandatory power management transition delays, see
-		 * PCI Express Base Specification Revision 2.0 Section
-		 * 6.6.1: Conventional Reset.  Do not delay for
-		 * devices powered on/off by corresponding bridge,
-		 * because have already delayed for the bridge.
+		 * Mandatory power management transition delays are handled
+		 * in pci_pm_runtime_resume() of the corresponding
+		 * downstream/root port.
 		 */
 		if (dev->runtime_d3cold) {
-			if (dev->d3cold_delay && !dev->imm_ready)
-				msleep(dev->d3cold_delay);
 			/*
 			 * When powering on a bridge from D3cold, the
 			 * whole hierarchy may be powered on into
@@ -4673,6 +4669,88 @@ bool pcie_wait_for_link(struct pci_dev *pdev, bool active)
 	return pcie_wait_for_link_delay(pdev, active, 100);
 }
 
+/**
+ * pci_bridge_wait_for_secondary_bus - Wait secondary bus to be accessible
+ * @dev: PCI bridge
+ *
+ * Handle necessary delays before access to the devices on the secondary
+ * side of the bridge are permitted after D3cold to D0 transition.
+ *
+ * For PCIe this means the delays in PCIe 4.0 chapter 6.6.1. For
+ * conventional PCI it means Tpvrh + Trhfa specified in PCI 3.0 chapter
+ * 4.3.2.
+ */
+void pci_bridge_wait_for_secondary_bus(struct pci_dev *dev)
+{
+	struct pci_dev *child;
+
+	if (pci_dev_is_disconnected(dev))
+		return;
+
+	if (!pci_is_bridge(dev) || !dev->bridge_d3)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only deal with devices that are present currently on the bus.
+	 * For any hot-added devices the access delay is handled in pciehp
+	 * board_added(). In case of ACPI hotplug the firmware is expected
+	 * to configure the devices before OS is notified.
+	 */
+	if (!dev->subordinate || list_empty(&dev->subordinate->devices))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Conventional PCI and PCI-X we need to wait Tpvrh + Trhfa before
+	 * accessing the device after reset (that is 100 ms + 1000 ms). In
+	 * practice this should not be needed because we don't do power
+	 * management for them (see pci_bridge_d3_possible()).
+	 */
+	if (!pci_is_pcie(dev)) {
+		pci_dbg(dev, "waiting 1100 ms for secondary bus\n");
+		msleep(1100);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * For PCIe downstream and root ports that do not support speeds
+	 * greater than 5 GT/s need to wait minimum 100 ms. For higher
+	 * speeds (gen3) we need to wait first for the data link layer to
+	 * become active.
+	 *
+	 * However, 100 ms is the minimum and the PCIe spec says the
+	 * software must allow at least 1s before it can determine that the
+	 * device that did not respond is a broken device. There is
+	 * evidence that 100 ms is not always enough, for example certain
+	 * Titan Ridge xHCI controller does not always respond to
+	 * configuration requests if we only wait for 100 ms (see
+	 * https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203885).
+	 *
+	 * Therefore we wait for 100 ms and check for the device presence.
+	 * If it is still not present give it an additional 100 ms.
+	 */
+	if (pci_pcie_type(dev) != PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT &&
+	    pci_pcie_type(dev) != PCI_EXP_TYPE_DOWNSTREAM)
+		return;
+
+	if (pcie_get_speed_cap(dev) <= PCIE_SPEED_5_0GT) {
+		pci_dbg(dev, "waiting 100 ms for downstream link\n");
+		msleep(100);
+	} else {
+		pci_dbg(dev, "waiting 100 ms for downstream link, after activation\n");
+		if (!pcie_wait_for_link_delay(dev, true, 100)) {
+			/* Did not train, no need to wait any further */
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	child = list_first_entry(&dev->subordinate->devices, struct pci_dev,
+				 bus_list);
+	if (!pci_device_is_present(child)) {
+		pci_dbg(child, "waiting additional 100 ms to become accessible\n");
+		msleep(100);
+	}
+}
+
 void pci_reset_secondary_bus(struct pci_dev *dev)
 {
 	u16 ctrl;
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci.h b/drivers/pci/pci.h
index 3f6947ee3324..7ade8f077f6e 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pci.h
+++ b/drivers/pci/pci.h
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ void pci_allocate_cap_save_buffers(struct pci_dev *dev);
 void pci_free_cap_save_buffers(struct pci_dev *dev);
 bool pci_bridge_d3_possible(struct pci_dev *dev);
 void pci_bridge_d3_update(struct pci_dev *dev);
+void pci_bridge_wait_for_secondary_bus(struct pci_dev *dev);
 
 static inline void pci_wakeup_event(struct pci_dev *dev)
 {
-- 
2.23.0