[PATCH v2 0/3] mm: fix max_pfn not falling on section boundary

[PATCH v2 0/3] mm: fix max_pfn not falling on section boundary

[David Hildenbrand]

Playing with different memory sizes for a x86-64 guest, I discovered that
some memmaps (highest section if max_mem does not fall on the section
boundary) are marked as being valid and online, but contain garbage. We
have to properly initialize these memmaps.

Looking at /proc/kpageflags and friends, I found some more issues,
partially related to this.

v1 -> v2:
- "mm: fix uninitialized memmaps on a partially populated last section"
-- Refine patch description (esp. how to reproduce), add tested-by
- "fs/proc/page.c: allow inspection of last section and fix end detection"
-- Make it compile for !CONFIG_SPARSE and add a comment to the new
   helper function

David Hildenbrand (3):
  mm: fix uninitialized memmaps on a partially populated last section
  fs/proc/page.c: allow inspection of last section and fix end detection
  mm: initialize memmap of unavailable memory directly

 fs/proc/page.c     | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 include/linux/mm.h |  6 ------
 mm/page_alloc.c    | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 3 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

-- 
2.23.0

[PATCH v2 1/3] mm: fix uninitialized memmaps on a partially populated last section

[David Hildenbrand]

If max_pfn is not aligned to a section boundary, we can easily run into
BUGs. This can e.g., be triggered on x86-64 under QEMU by specifying a
memory size that is not a multiple of 128MB (e.g., 4097MB, but also
4160MB). I was told that on real HW, we can easily have this scenario
(esp., one of the main reasons sub-section hotadd of devmem was added).

The issue is, that we have a valid memmap (pfn_valid()) for the
whole section, and the whole section will be marked "online".
pfn_to_online_page() will succeed, but the memmap contains garbage.

E.g., doing a "./page-types -r -a 0x144001" when QEMU was started with
"-m 4160M" - (see tools/vm/page-types.c):

[  200.476376] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffffffffffffe
[  200.477500] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[  200.478334] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[  200.479076] PGD 59614067 P4D 59614067 PUD 59616067 PMD 0
[  200.479557] Oops: 0000 [#4] SMP NOPTI
[  200.479875] CPU: 0 PID: 603 Comm: page-types Tainted: G      D W         5.5.0-rc1-next-20191209 #93
[  200.480646] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.12.0-59-gc9ba5276e321-prebuilt.qemu4
[  200.481648] RIP: 0010:stable_page_flags+0x4d/0x410
[  200.482061] Code: f3 ff 41 89 c0 48 b8 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 45 84 c0 0f 85 cd 02 00 00 48 8b 53 08 48 8b 2b 48f
[  200.483644] RSP: 0018:ffffb139401cbe60 EFLAGS: 00010202
[  200.484091] RAX: fffffffffffffffe RBX: fffffbeec5100040 RCX: 0000000000000000
[  200.484697] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: ffffffff9535c7cd RDI: 0000000000000246
[  200.485313] RBP: ffffffffffffffff R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[  200.485917] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000144001
[  200.486523] R13: 00007ffd6ba55f48 R14: 00007ffd6ba55f40 R15: ffffb139401cbf08
[  200.487130] FS:  00007f68df717580(0000) GS:ffff9ec77fa00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[  200.487804] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[  200.488295] CR2: fffffffffffffffe CR3: 0000000135d48000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
[  200.488897] Call Trace:
[  200.489115]  kpageflags_read+0xe9/0x140
[  200.489447]  proc_reg_read+0x3c/0x60
[  200.489755]  vfs_read+0xc2/0x170
[  200.490037]  ksys_pread64+0x65/0xa0
[  200.490352]  do_syscall_64+0x5c/0xa0
[  200.490665]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe

But it can be triggered much easier via "cat /proc/kpageflags > /dev/null"
after cold/hot plugging a DIMM to such a system:

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/kpageflags > /dev/null
[  111.517275] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffffffffffffe
[  111.517907] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[  111.518333] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[  111.518771] PGD a240e067 P4D a240e067 PUD a2410067 PMD 0

This patch fixes that by at least zero-ing out that memmap (so e.g.,
page_to_pfn() will not crash). Commit 907ec5fca3dc ("mm: zero remaining
unavailable struct pages") tried to fix a similar issue, but forgot to
consider this special case.

After this patch, there are still problems to solve. E.g., not all of these
pages falling into a memory hole will actually get initialized later
and set PageReserved - they are only zeroed out - but at least the
immediate crashes are gone. A follow-up patch will take care of this.

Fixes: f7f99100d8d9 ("mm: stop zeroing memory during allocation in vmemmap")
Tested-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.15+
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 14 ++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 62dcd6b76c80..1eb2ce7c79e4 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -6932,7 +6932,8 @@ static u64 zero_pfn_range(unsigned long spfn, unsigned long epfn)
  * This function also addresses a similar issue where struct pages are left
  * uninitialized because the physical address range is not covered by
  * memblock.memory or memblock.reserved. That could happen when memblock
- * layout is manually configured via memmap=.
+ * layout is manually configured via memmap=, or when the highest physical
+ * address (max_pfn) does not end on a section boundary.
  */
 void __init zero_resv_unavail(void)
 {
@@ -6950,7 +6951,16 @@ void __init zero_resv_unavail(void)
 			pgcnt += zero_pfn_range(PFN_DOWN(next), PFN_UP(start));
 		next = end;
 	}
-	pgcnt += zero_pfn_range(PFN_DOWN(next), max_pfn);
+
+	/*
+	 * Early sections always have a fully populated memmap for the whole
+	 * section - see pfn_valid(). If the last section has holes at the
+	 * end and that section is marked "online", the memmap will be
+	 * considered initialized. Make sure that memmap has a well defined
+	 * state.
+	 */
+	pgcnt += zero_pfn_range(PFN_DOWN(next),
+				round_up(max_pfn, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
 
 	/*
 	 * Struct pages that do not have backing memory. This could be because
-- 
2.23.0

[PATCH v2 2/3] fs/proc/page.c: allow inspection of last section and fix end detection

[David Hildenbrand]

If max_pfn does not fall onto a section boundary, it is possible to inspect
PFNs up to max_pfn, and PFNs above max_pfn, however, max_pfn itself can't
be inspected. We can have a valid (and online) memmap at and above max_pfn
if max_pfn is not aligned to a section boundary. The whole early section
has a memmap and is marked online. Being able to inspect the state of these
PFNs is valuable for debugging, especially because max_pfn can change on
memory hotplug and expose these memmaps.

Also, querying page flags via "./page-types -r -a 0x144001,"
(tools/vm/page-types.c) inside a x86-64 guest with 4160MB under QEMU
results in an (almost) endless loop in user space, because the end is
not detected properly when starting after max_pfn.

Instead, let's allow to inspect all pages in the highest section and
return 0 directly if we try to access pages above that section.

While at it, check the count before adjusting it, to avoid masking user
errors.

Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---
 fs/proc/page.c | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/proc/page.c b/fs/proc/page.c
index e40dbfe1168e..2984df28ccea 100644
--- a/fs/proc/page.c
+++ b/fs/proc/page.c
@@ -21,6 +21,21 @@
 #define KPMMASK (KPMSIZE - 1)
 #define KPMBITS (KPMSIZE * BITS_PER_BYTE)
 
+static inline unsigned long get_max_dump_pfn(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
+	/*
+	 * The memmap of early sections is completely populated and marked
+	 * online even if max_pfn does not fall on a section boundary -
+	 * pfn_to_online_page() will succeed on all pages. Allow inspecting
+	 * these memmaps.
+	 */
+	return round_up(max_pfn, PAGES_PER_SECTION);
+#else
+	return max_pfn;
+#endif
+}
+
 /* /proc/kpagecount - an array exposing page counts
  *
  * Each entry is a u64 representing the corresponding
@@ -29,6 +44,7 @@
 static ssize_t kpagecount_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 			     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
 {
+	const unsigned long max_dump_pfn = get_max_dump_pfn();
 	u64 __user *out = (u64 __user *)buf;
 	struct page *ppage;
 	unsigned long src = *ppos;
@@ -37,9 +53,11 @@ static ssize_t kpagecount_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 	u64 pcount;
 
 	pfn = src / KPMSIZE;
-	count = min_t(size_t, count, (max_pfn * KPMSIZE) - src);
 	if (src & KPMMASK || count & KPMMASK)
 		return -EINVAL;
+	if (src >= max_dump_pfn * KPMSIZE)
+		return 0;
+	count = min_t(unsigned long, count, (max_dump_pfn * KPMSIZE) - src);
 
 	while (count > 0) {
 		/*
@@ -208,6 +226,7 @@ u64 stable_page_flags(struct page *page)
 static ssize_t kpageflags_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 			     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
 {
+	const unsigned long max_dump_pfn = get_max_dump_pfn();
 	u64 __user *out = (u64 __user *)buf;
 	struct page *ppage;
 	unsigned long src = *ppos;
@@ -215,9 +234,11 @@ static ssize_t kpageflags_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 	ssize_t ret = 0;
 
 	pfn = src / KPMSIZE;
-	count = min_t(unsigned long, count, (max_pfn * KPMSIZE) - src);
 	if (src & KPMMASK || count & KPMMASK)
 		return -EINVAL;
+	if (src >= max_dump_pfn * KPMSIZE)
+		return 0;
+	count = min_t(unsigned long, count, (max_dump_pfn * KPMSIZE) - src);
 
 	while (count > 0) {
 		/*
@@ -253,6 +274,7 @@ static const struct file_operations proc_kpageflags_operations = {
 static ssize_t kpagecgroup_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 				size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
 {
+	const unsigned long max_dump_pfn = get_max_dump_pfn();
 	u64 __user *out = (u64 __user *)buf;
 	struct page *ppage;
 	unsigned long src = *ppos;
@@ -261,9 +283,11 @@ static ssize_t kpagecgroup_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 	u64 ino;
 
 	pfn = src / KPMSIZE;
-	count = min_t(unsigned long, count, (max_pfn * KPMSIZE) - src);
 	if (src & KPMMASK || count & KPMMASK)
 		return -EINVAL;
+	if (src >= max_dump_pfn * KPMSIZE)
+		return 0;
+	count = min_t(unsigned long, count, (max_dump_pfn * KPMSIZE) - src);
 
 	while (count > 0) {
 		/*
-- 
2.23.0

[PATCH v2 3/3] mm: initialize memmap of unavailable memory directly

[David Hildenbrand]

Let's make sure that all memory holes are actually marked
PageReserved(), that page_to_pfn() produces reliable results, and that
these pages are not detected as "mmap" pages due to the mapcount.

E.g., booting a x86-64 QEMU guest with 4160 MB:

[    0.010585] Early memory node ranges
[    0.010586]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000000009efff]
[    0.010588]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bffdefff]
[    0.010589]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x0000000143ffffff]

max_pfn is 0x144000.

Before this change:

[root@localhost ~]# ./page-types -r -a 0x144000,
             flags      page-count       MB  symbolic-flags                     long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000000000800           16384       64  ___________M_______________________________        mmap
             total           16384       64

After this change:

[root@localhost ~]# ./page-types -r -a 0x144000,
             flags      page-count       MB  symbolic-flags                     long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000100000000           16384       64  ___________________________r_______________        reserved
             total           16384       64

IOW, especially the unavailable physical memory ("memory hole") in the last
section would not get properly marked PageReserved() and is indicated to be
"mmap" memory.

Drop the trace of that function from include/linux/mm.h - nobody else
needs it, and rename it accordingly.

Note: The fake zone/node might not be covered by the zone/node span. This
is not an urgent issue (for now, we had the same node/zone due to the
zeroing). We'll need a clean way to mark memory holes (e.g., using a page
type PageHole() if possible or a fake ZONE_INVALID) and eventually stop
marking these memory holes PageReserved().

Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---
 include/linux/mm.h |  6 ------
 mm/page_alloc.c    | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 5dfbc0e56e67..93ee776c2a1e 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -2176,12 +2176,6 @@ extern int __meminit __early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn,
 					struct mminit_pfnnid_cache *state);
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP)
-void zero_resv_unavail(void);
-#else
-static inline void zero_resv_unavail(void) {}
-#endif
-
 extern void set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve);
 extern void memmap_init_zone(unsigned long, int, unsigned long, unsigned long,
 		enum memmap_context, struct vmem_altmap *);
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 1eb2ce7c79e4..85064abafcc3 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -6901,10 +6901,10 @@ void __init free_area_init_node(int nid, unsigned long *zones_size,
 
 #if !defined(CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP)
 /*
- * Zero all valid struct pages in range [spfn, epfn), return number of struct
- * pages zeroed
+ * Initialize all valid struct pages in the range [spfn, epfn) and mark them
+ * PageReserved(). Return the number of struct pages that were initialized.
  */
-static u64 zero_pfn_range(unsigned long spfn, unsigned long epfn)
+static u64 __init init_unavailable_range(unsigned long spfn, unsigned long epfn)
 {
 	unsigned long pfn;
 	u64 pgcnt = 0;
@@ -6915,7 +6915,13 @@ static u64 zero_pfn_range(unsigned long spfn, unsigned long epfn)
 				+ pageblock_nr_pages - 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		mm_zero_struct_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
+		/*
+		 * Use a fake node/zone (0) for now. Some of these pages
+		 * (in memblock.reserved but not in memblock.memory) will
+		 * get re-initialized via reserve_bootmem_region() later.
+		 */
+		__init_single_page(pfn_to_page(pfn), pfn, 0, 0);
+		__SetPageReserved(pfn_to_page(pfn));
 		pgcnt++;
 	}
 
@@ -6927,7 +6933,7 @@ static u64 zero_pfn_range(unsigned long spfn, unsigned long epfn)
  * initialized by going through __init_single_page(). But, there are some
  * struct pages which are reserved in memblock allocator and their fields
  * may be accessed (for example page_to_pfn() on some configuration accesses
- * flags). We must explicitly zero those struct pages.
+ * flags). We must explicitly initialize those struct pages.
  *
  * This function also addresses a similar issue where struct pages are left
  * uninitialized because the physical address range is not covered by
@@ -6935,7 +6941,7 @@ static u64 zero_pfn_range(unsigned long spfn, unsigned long epfn)
  * layout is manually configured via memmap=, or when the highest physical
  * address (max_pfn) does not end on a section boundary.
  */
-void __init zero_resv_unavail(void)
+static void __init init_unavailable_mem(void)
 {
 	phys_addr_t start, end;
 	u64 i, pgcnt;
@@ -6948,7 +6954,8 @@ void __init zero_resv_unavail(void)
 	for_each_mem_range(i, &memblock.memory, NULL,
 			NUMA_NO_NODE, MEMBLOCK_NONE, &start, &end, NULL) {
 		if (next < start)
-			pgcnt += zero_pfn_range(PFN_DOWN(next), PFN_UP(start));
+			pgcnt += init_unavailable_range(PFN_DOWN(next),
+							PFN_UP(start));
 		next = end;
 	}
 
@@ -6959,8 +6966,8 @@ void __init zero_resv_unavail(void)
 	 * considered initialized. Make sure that memmap has a well defined
 	 * state.
 	 */
-	pgcnt += zero_pfn_range(PFN_DOWN(next),
-				round_up(max_pfn, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
+	pgcnt += init_unavailable_range(PFN_DOWN(next),
+					round_up(max_pfn, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
 
 	/*
 	 * Struct pages that do not have backing memory. This could be because
@@ -6969,6 +6976,10 @@ void __init zero_resv_unavail(void)
 	if (pgcnt)
 		pr_info("Zeroed struct page in unavailable ranges: %lld pages", pgcnt);
 }
+#else
+static inline void __init init_unavailable_mem(void)
+{
+}
 #endif /* !CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
@@ -7398,7 +7409,7 @@ void __init free_area_init_nodes(unsigned long *max_zone_pfn)
 	/* Initialise every node */
 	mminit_verify_pageflags_layout();
 	setup_nr_node_ids();
-	zero_resv_unavail();
+	init_unavailable_mem();
 	for_each_online_node(nid) {
 		pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
 		free_area_init_node(nid, NULL,
@@ -7593,7 +7604,7 @@ void __init set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve)
 
 void __init free_area_init(unsigned long *zones_size)
 {
-	zero_resv_unavail();
+	init_unavailable_mem();
 	free_area_init_node(0, zones_size,
 			__pa(PAGE_OFFSET) >> PAGE_SHIFT, NULL);
 }
-- 
2.23.0

Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] mm: fix uninitialized memmaps on a partially populated last section

[David Hildenbrand]

On 16.12.19 16:06, Sasha Levin wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> [This is an automated email]
> 
> This commit has been processed because it contains a "Fixes:" tag,
> fixing commit: f7f99100d8d9 ("mm: stop zeroing memory during allocation in vmemmap").
> 
> The bot has tested the following trees: v5.4.2, v5.3.15, v4.19.88.
> 
> v5.4.2: Build OK!
> v5.3.15: Build OK!
> v4.19.88: Failed to apply! Possible dependencies:
>     907ec5fca3dc ("mm: zero remaining unavailable struct pages")
>     ec393a0f014e ("mm: return zero_resv_unavail optimization")

Yes, these two look like the right dependencies and should be picked as
well.

-- 
Thanks,

David / dhildenb

Re: [PATCH v2 0/3] mm: fix max_pfn not falling on section boundary

[Andrew Morton]

On Wed, 11 Dec 2019 17:31:58 +0100 David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wrote:

> Playing with different memory sizes for a x86-64 guest, I discovered that
> some memmaps (highest section if max_mem does not fall on the section
> boundary) are marked as being valid and online, but contain garbage. We
> have to properly initialize these memmaps.
> 
> Looking at /proc/kpageflags and friends, I found some more issues,
> partially related to this.

We're still showing very little (ie no) review activity on this
patchset.