On Tue, 24 Oct 2023 10:34:26 -0400 Steven Rostedt wrote: > I'm going to work on a POC, and see if I can get some benchmarks on how > much this could help tasks like databases and VMs in general. And that was much easier than I thought it would be. It also shows some great results! I started with Thomas's PREEMPT_AUTO.patch from the rt-devel tree: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rt/linux-rt-devel.git/tree/patches/PREEMPT_AUTO.patch?h=v6.6-rc6-rt10-patches So you need to select: CONFIG_PREEMPT_AUTO The below is my proof of concept patch. It still has debugging in it, and I'm sure the interface will need to be changed. There's now a new file: /sys/kernel/extend_sched Attached is a program that tests it. It mmaps that file, with: struct extend_map { unsigned long flags; }; static __thread struct extend_map *extend_map; That is, there's this structure for every thread. It's assigned with: fd = open("/sys/kernel/extend_sched", O_RDWR); extend_map = mmap(NULL, getpagesize(), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); I don't actually like this interface, as it wastes a full page for just two bits :-p Anyway, to tell the kernel to "extend" the time slice if possible because it's in a critical section, we have: static void extend(void) { if (!extend_map) return; extend_map->flags = 1; } And to say that's it's done: static void unextend(void) { unsigned long prev; if (!extend_map) return; prev = xchg(&extend_map->flags, 0); if (prev & 2) sched_yield(); } So, bit 1 is for user space to tell the kernel "please extend me", and bit two is for the kernel to tell user space "OK, I extended you, but call sched_yield() when done". This test program creates 1 + number of CPUs threads, that run in a loop for 5 seconds. Each thread will grab a user space spin lock (not a futex, but just shared memory). Before grabbing the lock it will call "extend()", if it fails to grab the lock, it calls "unextend()" and spins on the lock until its free, where it will try again. Then after it gets the lock, it will update a counter, and release the lock, calling "unextend()" as well. Then it will spin on the counter until it increments again to allow another task to get into the critical section. With the init of the extend_map disabled and it doesn't use the extend code, it ends with: Ran for 3908165 times Total wait time: 33.965654 I can give you stdev and all that too, but the above is pretty much the same after several runs. After enabling the extend code, it has: Ran for 4829340 times Total wait time: 32.635407 It was able to get into the critical section almost 1 million times more in those 5 seconds! That's a 23% improvement! The wait time for getting into the critical section also dropped by the total of over a second (4% improvement). I ran a traceeval tool on it (still work in progress, but I can post when it's done), and with the following trace, and the writes to trace-marker (tracefs_printf) trace-cmd record -e sched_switch ./extend-sched It showed that without the extend, each task was preempted while holding the lock around 200 times. With the extend, only one task was ever preempted while holding the lock, and it only happened once! Below is my patch (with debugging and on top of Thomas's PREEMPT_AUTO.patch): Attached is the program I tested it with. It uses libtracefs to write to the trace_marker file, but if you don't want to build it with libtracefs: gcc -o extend-sched extend-sched.c `pkg-config --libs --cflags libtracefs` -lpthread You can just do: grep -v tracefs extend-sched.c > extend-sched-notracefs.c And build that. -- Steve diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index 9b13b7d4f1d3..fb540dd0dec0 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -740,6 +740,10 @@ struct kmap_ctrl { #endif }; +struct extend_map { + long flags; +}; + struct task_struct { #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK /* @@ -802,6 +806,8 @@ struct task_struct { unsigned int core_occupation; #endif + struct extend_map *extend_map; + #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED struct task_group *sched_task_group; #endif diff --git a/kernel/entry/common.c b/kernel/entry/common.c index c1f706038637..21d0e4d81d33 100644 --- a/kernel/entry/common.c +++ b/kernel/entry/common.c @@ -147,17 +147,32 @@ void __weak arch_do_signal_or_restart(struct pt_regs *regs) { } static unsigned long exit_to_user_mode_loop(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long ti_work) { + unsigned long ignore_mask; + /* * Before returning to user space ensure that all pending work * items have been completed. */ while (ti_work & EXIT_TO_USER_MODE_WORK) { + ignore_mask = 0; local_irq_enable_exit_to_user(ti_work); - if (ti_work & (_TIF_NEED_RESCHED | _TIF_NEED_RESCHED_LAZY)) + if (ti_work & _TIF_NEED_RESCHED) { schedule(); + } else if (ti_work & _TIF_NEED_RESCHED_LAZY) { + if (!current->extend_map || + !(current->extend_map->flags & 1)) { + schedule(); + } else { + trace_printk("Extend!\n"); + /* Allow to leave with NEED_RESCHED_LAZY still set */ + ignore_mask |= _TIF_NEED_RESCHED_LAZY; + current->extend_map->flags |= 2; + } + } + if (ti_work & _TIF_UPROBE) uprobe_notify_resume(regs); @@ -184,6 +199,7 @@ static unsigned long exit_to_user_mode_loop(struct pt_regs *regs, tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(); ti_work = read_thread_flags(); + ti_work &= ~ignore_mask; } /* Return the latest work state for arch_exit_to_user_mode() */ diff --git a/kernel/exit.c b/kernel/exit.c index edb50b4c9972..ddf89ec9ab62 100644 --- a/kernel/exit.c +++ b/kernel/exit.c @@ -906,6 +906,13 @@ void __noreturn do_exit(long code) if (tsk->io_context) exit_io_context(tsk); + if (tsk->extend_map) { + unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)tsk->extend_map; + + virt_to_page(addr)->mapping = NULL; + free_page(addr); + } + if (tsk->splice_pipe) free_pipe_info(tsk->splice_pipe); diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c index 3b6d20dfb9a8..da2214082d25 100644 --- a/kernel/fork.c +++ b/kernel/fork.c @@ -1166,6 +1166,8 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig, int node) tsk->wake_q.next = NULL; tsk->worker_private = NULL; + tsk->extend_map = NULL; + kcov_task_init(tsk); kmsan_task_create(tsk); kmap_local_fork(tsk); diff --git a/kernel/sched/Makefile b/kernel/sched/Makefile index 976092b7bd45..297061cfa08d 100644 --- a/kernel/sched/Makefile +++ b/kernel/sched/Makefile @@ -32,3 +32,4 @@ obj-y += core.o obj-y += fair.o obj-y += build_policy.o obj-y += build_utility.o +obj-y += extend.o diff --git a/kernel/sched/extend.c b/kernel/sched/extend.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a632e1a8f57b --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/sched/extend.c @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS +static ssize_t extend_sched_read(struct file *file, struct kobject *kobj, + struct bin_attribute *bin_attr, + char *buf, loff_t off, size_t len) +{ + static const char output[] = "Extend scheduling time slice\n"; + + printk("%s:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__); + if (off >= sizeof(output)) + return 0; + + strscpy(buf, output + off, len); + return min((ssize_t)len, sizeof(output) - off - 1); +} + +static ssize_t extend_sched_write(struct file *file, struct kobject *kobj, + struct bin_attribute *bin_attr, + char *buf, loff_t off, size_t len) +{ + printk("%s:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__); + return -EINVAL; +} + +static vm_fault_t extend_sched_mmap_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf) +{ + vm_fault_t ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; + + trace_printk("%s:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__); + /* Only has one page */ + if (vmf->pgoff || !current->extend_map) + return ret; + + vmf->page = virt_to_page(current->extend_map); + + get_page(vmf->page); + vmf->page->mapping = vmf->vma->vm_file->f_mapping; + vmf->page->index = vmf->pgoff; + + return 0; +} + +static void extend_sched_mmap_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma) +{ + printk("%s:%d\n", __func__, __LINE__); + WARN_ON(!current->extend_map); +} + +static const struct vm_operations_struct extend_sched_vmops = { + .open = extend_sched_mmap_open, + .fault = extend_sched_mmap_fault, +}; + +static int extend_sched_mmap(struct file *file, struct kobject *kobj, + struct bin_attribute *attr, + struct vm_area_struct *vma) +{ + if (current->extend_map) + return -EBUSY; + + current->extend_map = page_to_virt(alloc_page(GFP_USER | __GFP_ZERO)); + if (!current->extend_map) + return -ENOMEM; + + vm_flags_mod(vma, VM_DONTCOPY | VM_DONTDUMP | VM_MAYWRITE, 0); + vma->vm_ops = &extend_sched_vmops; + + return 0; +} + +static struct bin_attribute extend_sched_attr = { + .attr = { + .name = "extend_sched", + .mode = 0777, + }, + .read = &extend_sched_read, + .write = &extend_sched_write, + .mmap = &extend_sched_mmap, +}; + +static __init int extend_init(void) +{ + return sysfs_create_bin_file(kernel_kobj, &extend_sched_attr); +} +late_initcall(extend_init); +#endif diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c index 700b140ac1bb..17ca22e80384 100644 --- a/kernel/sched/fair.c +++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c @@ -993,9 +993,10 @@ static void update_deadline(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se, bool resched_curr(rq); } else { /* Did the task ignore the lazy reschedule request? */ - if (tick && test_tsk_thread_flag(rq->curr, TIF_NEED_RESCHED_LAZY)) + if (tick && test_tsk_thread_flag(rq->curr, TIF_NEED_RESCHED_LAZY)) { + trace_printk("Force resched?\n"); resched_curr(rq); - else + } else resched_curr_lazy(rq); } clear_buddies(cfs_rq, se);