From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S966193AbeBMXtf (ORCPT ); Tue, 13 Feb 2018 18:49:35 -0500 Received: from mga17.intel.com ([192.55.52.151]:53392 "EHLO mga17.intel.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S966102AbeBMXtc (ORCPT ); Tue, 13 Feb 2018 18:49:32 -0500 X-Amp-Result: SKIPPED(no attachment in message) X-Amp-File-Uploaded: False X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="5.46,509,1511856000"; d="scan'208";a="29822293" From: Reinette Chatre To: tglx@linutronix.de, fenghua.yu@intel.com, tony.luck@intel.com Cc: gavin.hindman@intel.com, vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com, dave.hansen@intel.com, mingo@redhat.com, hpa@zytor.com, x86@kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Reinette Chatre Subject: [RFC PATCH V2 01/22] x86/intel_rdt: Documentation for Cache Pseudo-Locking Date: Tue, 13 Feb 2018 07:46:45 -0800 Message-Id: <9416db57e47e2040a7108ba269f5432d0c91f1f7.1518443616.git.reinette.chatre@intel.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.13.6 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Add description of Cache Pseudo-Locking feature, its interface, as well as an example of its usage. Signed-off-by: Reinette Chatre --- Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt | 229 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 228 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt b/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt index 756fd76b78a6..bb3d6fe0a3e4 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt @@ -27,7 +27,10 @@ mount options are: L2 and L3 CDP are controlled seperately. RDT features are orthogonal. A particular system may support only -monitoring, only control, or both monitoring and control. +monitoring, only control, or both monitoring and control. Cache +pseudo-locking is a unique way of using cache control to "pin" or +"lock" data in the cache. Details can be found in +"Cache Pseudo-Locking". The mount succeeds if either of allocation or monitoring is present, but only those files and directories supported by the system will be created. @@ -329,6 +332,149 @@ L3CODE:0=fffff;1=fffff;2=fffff;3=fffff L3DATA:0=fffff;1=fffff;2=3c0;3=fffff L3CODE:0=fffff;1=fffff;2=fffff;3=fffff +Cache Pseudo-Locking +-------------------- +CAT enables a user to specify the amount of cache space into which an +application can fill. Cache pseudo-locking builds on the fact that a +CPU can still read and write data pre-allocated outside its current +allocated area on a cache hit. With cache pseudo-locking, data can be +preloaded into a reserved portion of cache that no application can +fill, and from that point on will only serve cache hits. The cache +pseudo-locked memory is made accessible to user space where an +application can map it into its virtual address space and thus have +a region of memory with reduced average read latency. + +Cache pseudo-locking increases the probability that data will remain +in the cache via carefully configuring the CAT feature and controlling +application behavior. There is no guarantee that data is placed in +cache. Instructions like INVD, WBINVD, CLFLUSH, etc. can still evict +“locked” data from cache. Power management C-states may shrink or +power off cache. It is thus recommended to limit the processor maximum +C-state, for example, by setting the processor.max_cstate kernel parameter. + +It is required that an application using a pseudo-locked region runs +with affinity to the cores (or a subset of the cores) associated +with the cache on which the pseudo-locked region resides. This is +enforced by the implementation. + +Pseudo-locking is accomplished in two stages: +1) During the first stage the system administrator allocates a portion + of cache that should be dedicated to pseudo-locking. At this time an + equivalent portion of memory is allocated, loaded into allocated + cache portion, and exposed as a character device. +2) During the second stage a user-space application maps (mmap()) the + pseudo-locked memory into its address space. + +Cache Pseudo-Locking Interface +------------------------------ +Platforms supporting cache pseudo-locking will expose a new +"/sys/fs/restrl/pseudo_lock" directory after successful mount of the +resctrl filesystem. Initially this directory will contain a single file, +"avail" that contains the schemata, one line per resource, of cache region +available for pseudo-locking. + +A pseudo-locked region is created by creating a new directory within +/sys/fs/resctrl/pseudo_lock. On success two new files will appear in +the directory: + +"schemata": + Shows the schemata representing the pseudo-locked cache region. + User writes schemata of requested locked area to file. + Only one id of single resource accepted - can only lock from + single cache instance. Writing of schemata to this file will + return success on successful pseudo-locked region setup. +"size": + After successful pseudo-locked region setup this read-only file + will contain the size in bytes of pseudo-locked region. + +Cache Pseudo-Locking Debugging Interface +--------------------------------------- +The pseudo-locking debugging interface is enabled with +CONFIG_INTEL_RDT_DEBUGFS and can be found in +/sys/kernel/debug/resctrl/pseudo_lock. + +There is no explicit way for the kernel to test if a provided memory +location is present in the cache. The pseudo-locking debugging interface uses +the tracing infrastructure to provide two ways to measure cache residency of +the pseudo-locked region: +1) Memory access latency using the pseudo_lock_mem_latency tracepoint. Data + from these measurements are best visualized using a hist trigger (see + example below). In this test the pseudo-locked region is traversed at + a stride of 32 bytes while hardware prefetchers, preemption, and interrupts + are disabled. This also provides a substitute visualization of cache + hits and misses. +2) Cache hit and miss measurements using model specific precision counters if + available. Depending on the levels of cache on the system the following + tracepoints are available: pseudo_lock_l2_hits, pseudo_lock_l2_miss, + pseudo_lock_l3_miss, and pseudo_lock_l3_hits. WARNING: triggering this + measurement uses from two (for just L2 measurements) to four (for L2 and L3 + measurements) precision counters on the system, if any other + measurements are in progress the counters and their corresponding event + registers will be clobbered. + +When a pseudo-locked region is created a new debugfs directory is created for +it in debugfs as /sys/kernel/debug/resctrl/pseudo_lock/. A single +write-only file, measure_trigger, is present in this directory. The +measurement on the pseudo-locked region depends on the number, 1 or 2, +written to this debugfs file. Since the measurements are recorded with the +tracing infrastructure the relevant tracepoints need to be enabled before the +measurement is triggered. + +Example of latency debugging interface: +In this example a pseudo-locked region named "newlock" was created. Here is +how we can measure the latency in cycles of reading from this region: +# :> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace +# echo 'hist:keys=latency' > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/pseudo_lock/pseudo_lock_mem_latency/trigger +# echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/pseudo_lock/pseudo_lock_mem_latency/enable +# echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/resctrl/pseudo_lock/newlock/measure_trigger +# echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/pseudo_lock/pseudo_lock_mem_latency/enable +# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/pseudo_lock/pseudo_lock_mem_latency/hist + +# event histogram +# +# trigger info: hist:keys=latency:vals=hitcount:sort=hitcount:size=2048 [active] +# + +{ latency: 456 } hitcount: 1 +{ latency: 50 } hitcount: 83 +{ latency: 36 } hitcount: 96 +{ latency: 44 } hitcount: 174 +{ latency: 48 } hitcount: 195 +{ latency: 46 } hitcount: 262 +{ latency: 42 } hitcount: 693 +{ latency: 40 } hitcount: 3204 +{ latency: 38 } hitcount: 3484 + +Totals: + Hits: 8192 + Entries: 9 + Dropped: 0 + +Example of cache hits/misses debugging: +In this example a pseudo-locked region named "newlock" was created on the L2 +cache of a platform. Here is how we can obtain details of the cache hits +and misses using the platform's precision counters. + +# :> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace +# echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/pseudo_lock/pseudo_lock_l2_hits/enable +# echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/pseudo_lock/pseudo_lock_l2_miss/enable +# echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/resctrl/pseudo_lock/newlock/measure_trigger +# echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/pseudo_lock/pseudo_lock_l2_hits/enable +# echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/pseudo_lock/pseudo_lock_l2_miss/enable +# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace + +# tracer: nop +# +# _-----=> irqs-off +# / _----=> need-resched +# | / _---=> hardirq/softirq +# || / _--=> preempt-depth +# ||| / delay +# TASK-PID CPU# |||| TIMESTAMP FUNCTION +# | | | |||| | | + pseudo_lock_mea-1039 [002] .... 1598.825180: pseudo_lock_l2_hits: L2 hits=4097 + pseudo_lock_mea-1039 [002] .... 1598.825184: pseudo_lock_l2_miss: L2 miss=2 + Examples for RDT allocation usage: Example 1 @@ -443,6 +589,87 @@ siblings and only the real time threads are scheduled on the cores 4-7. # echo F0 > p0/cpus +Example of Cache Pseudo-Locking +------------------------------- +Lock portion of L2 cache from cache id 1 using CBM 0x3. Pseudo-locked +region is exposed at /dev/pseudo_lock/newlock that can be provided to +application for argument to mmap(). + +# cd /sys/fs/resctrl/pseudo_lock +# cat avail +L2:0=ff;1=ff +# mkdir newlock +# cd newlock +# cat schemata +# L2:uninitialized +# echo ‘L2:1=3’ > schemata +# ls -l /dev/pseudo_lock/newlock +crw------- 1 root root 244, 0 Mar 30 03:00 /dev/pseudo_lock/newlock + +/* + * Example code to access one page of pseudo-locked cache region + * from user space. + */ +#define _GNU_SOURCE +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +/* + * It is required that the application runs with affinity to only + * cores associated with the pseudo-locked region. Here the cpu + * is hardcoded for convenience of example. + */ +static int cpuid = 2; + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + cpu_set_t cpuset; + long page_size; + void *mapping; + int dev_fd; + int ret; + + page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE); + + CPU_ZERO(&cpuset); + CPU_SET(cpuid, &cpuset); + ret = sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpuset), &cpuset); + if (ret < 0) { + perror("sched_setaffinity"); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + } + + dev_fd = open("/dev/pseudo_lock/newlock", O_RDWR); + if (dev_fd < 0) { + perror("open"); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + } + + mapping = mmap(0, page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, + dev_fd, 0); + if (mapping == MAP_FAILED) { + perror("mmap"); + close(dev_fd); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + } + + /* Application interacts with pseudo-locked memory @mapping */ + + ret = munmap(mapping, page_size); + if (ret < 0) { + perror("munmap"); + close(dev_fd); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + } + + close(dev_fd); + exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); +} + 4) Locking between applications Certain operations on the resctrl filesystem, composed of read/writes -- 2.13.6