Re: [PATCH v4 1/2] dt-bindings: usb: Add binding for discrete onboard USB hubs

[Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>]

On Wed, Sep 30, 2020 at 10:28 AM Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org> wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> On Wed, Sep 30, 2020 at 7:44 AM Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Sep 30, 2020 at 7:49 AM Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Alan,
> > >
> > > On Tue, Sep 29, 2020 at 09:32:29PM -0400, Alan Stern wrote:
> > > > On Tue, Sep 29, 2020 at 03:09:12PM -0700, Matthias Kaehlcke wrote:
> > > > > Hi Rob,
> > > > >
> > > > > On Tue, Sep 29, 2020 at 03:17:01PM -0500, Rob Herring wrote:
> > > > > > As I said in prior version, this separate node and 'hub' phandle is not
> > > > > > going to work. You are doing this because you want a platform driver for
> > > > > > "realtek,rts5411". That may be convenient for Linux, but doesn't reflect
> > > > > > the h/w.
> > > > >
> > > > > I agree that the hardware representation isn't totally straightforward, however
> > > > > the description isn't limited to Linux:
> > > > >
> > > > > - there is a single IC (like the Realtek RTS5411)
> > > > > - the IC may require several resources to be initialized in a certain way
> > > > >   - this may require executing hardware specific code by some driver, which
> > > > >     isn't a USB device driver
> > > > > - the IC can 'contain' multiple USB hub devices, which can be connected to
> > > > >   separate USB busses
> > > > > - the IC doesn't have a control bus, which somewhat resembles the
> > > > >   'simple-audio-amplifier' driver, which also registers a platform device
> > > > >   to initialize its resources
> > > > >
> > > > > - to provide the functionality of powering down the hub conditionally during
> > > > >   system suspend the driver (whether it's a platform driver or something else)
> > > > >   needs know which USB (hub) devices correspond to it. This is a real world
> > > > >   problem, on hardware that might see wide distribution.
> > > > >
> > > > > There were several attempts to solve this problem in the past, but none of them
> > > > > was accepted. So far Alan Stern seems to think the driver (not necessarily the
> > > > > binding as is) is a suitable solution, Greg KH also spent time reviewing it,
> > > > > without raising conceptual concerns. So it seems we have solution that would
> > > > > be generally landable from the USB side.
> >
> > Just as I spend no time reviewing the driver side typically, I don't
> > think Alan or Greg spend any time on the DT side.
> >
> > > > > I understand that your goal is to keep the device tree sane, which I'm sure
> > > > > can be challenging. If you really can't be convinced that the binding might
> > > > > be acceptable in its current or similiar form then please offer guidance
> > > > > on possible alternatives which allow to achieve the same functionality.
> > > >
> > > > You're really trying to represent this special IC in DT, right?
> > >
> > > Yes
> > >
> > > > Maybe  if you don't call it a "hub" but instead something that better reflects
> > > > what it actually is and does, the description will be more palatable.
> >
> > It's a hub. The name is not the problem.
> >
> > > Thanks for your suggestion.
> > >
> > > Datasheets from different manufacturers refer to these ICs as "USB hub
> > > controller". Calling the node "usb-hub-controller" would indeed help to
> > > distinguish it from the USB hub devices and represent existing hardware.
> > > And the USB device could have a "hub-controller" property, which also
> > > would be clearer than the current "hub" property.
> >
> > There aren't 2 (or 3) devices here. There's a single USB device (a
> > hub) and the DT representation should reflect that.
>
> That's not completely true, though, is it?

I was referring to the hub. I only see 1 datasheet, 1 IC and 1 block
diagram... Lots of devices have more than one interface though usually
not different speeds of the same thing.

> As I understand it, a USB
> 3 port is defined as containing both a USB 2 controller and a USB 3
> controller.  While it's one port, it's still conceptually two
> (separable) things.  The fact that they are on the same physical chip
> doesn't mean that they are one thing any more than a SoC (one chip)
> needs to be represented by one thing in the device tree.  Though, of
> course, I'm not the expert here, the argument that this IC is a USB 2
> hub, a USB 3 hub, and some control logic doesn't seem totally
> insane...

Until there's a shared resource.

> > We already have hubs in DT. See [1][2][3][4]. What's new here? Simply,
> > vdd-supply needs to be enabled for the hub to be enumerated. That's
> > not a unique problem for USB, but common for all "discoverable" buses
> > with MDIO being the most recent example I pointed you to. I'm not sure
> > what happened with the previous attempt for USB[5]. It didn't look
> > like there was a major issue. 'generic' power sequencing can't really
> > handle every case, but as long as bindings allow doing something
> > device specific I don't care so much. The driver side can evolve. The
> > DT bindings can't.
> >
> > So what should this look like? There are 2 issues here. First, how do
> > we represent a USB3 device if that means multiple ports. I'm not
> > really sure other than it needs to be defined and documented. I think
> > the choices are: ignore the USB3 part (USB2 is always there and what's
> > used for enumeration, right?) or allow multiple ports in reg.
>
> Interesting question, that one.  When trying to optimize board designs
> we have certainly talked about separating out the USB 2 and USB 3 [1].
> For instance, we could take the USB 3 lines from the root hub and send
> them off to a high speed camera and then take the USB 2 lines and
> route them to a hub which then went to some low speed devices.  We
> chickened out and didn't do this, but we believed that it would work.

Great. :( No doubt that we'll see this at some point. Though I'd
assume if connectors are involved, USB3 only is not USB compliant and
that will ripple to all the upstream ports. I guess it could be as
crazy as any USB2 port and any USB3 port in one connector. One from a
hub and one from the root port. Though aren't there port power
controls which would probably prevent such craziness.

We certainly have separate host controllers as well.

> > Do hubs
> > really have 2 ports for each connection?
>
> Yup.  It's really two hubs.
>
> localhost ~ # lsusb -t
> /:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci-hcd/1p, 5000M
>     |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 5000M
> /:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci-hcd/1p, 480M
>     |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M

Humm, seems we're mixing buses and ports in the numbering. The USB
binding says it's ports. Not sure that matters, but something to think
about.

> localhost ~ # lsusb
> Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bda:0411 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
> Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
> Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0bda:5411 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
> Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
>
> I think this means that we're already forced to split this one device
> across two nodes in the device tree, right?  Oh, or I guess you said
> we could change the binding to allow more than one port in one reg?
> What would that look like?

reg = <1 2>;

Though that's not going to work if you have 2 separate host controllers.

I think splitting devices is the wrong approach. I think we want to
link USB2 and USB3 ports instead. We've already got some property to
do this, but at the host controller level. Called 'companion'
something IIRC. Probably that needs to be more flexible.

> You'd have more than one VID/PID listed in
> the compatible string and more than one "reg"?

2 compatible strings I guess.

> > The 2nd issue is where do extra properties for a device go. That's
> > nothing new nor special to USB. They go with the device node. We
> > already went thru that with the last attempt.
> >
> > So for this case, we'd have something like this:
> >
> >     usb_controller {
> >         dr_mode = "host";
> >         #address-cells = <1>;
> >         #size-cells = <0>;
> >
> >         hub@1 {
> >             compatible = "usbbda,5411";
> >             reg = <1>;
> >             vdd-supply = <&pp3300_hub>;
> >         };
> >     };
> >
> > This is no different than needing a reset line deasserted as the prior
> > attempt did.
>
> I'd believe that the above could be made to work with enough software
> change in the USB stack.

I believe the prior attempt did just that.

>  Presumably we wouldn't want to actually do a
> full probe of the device until USB actually enumerated it, but I guess
> you could add some type of optional "pre-probe" step where a driver is
> called?  So you'd call a pre-probe on whatever driver implements
> "usbbda,5411" and it would turn on the power supply.  ...then, if the
> device is actually there, the normal probe would be called?  I guess
> that'd work...

Yes, I've been saying for some time we need a pre-probe. Or we need a
forced probe where the subsystem walks the DT nodes for the bus and
probes the devices in DT (if they're in DT, we know they are present).
This was the discussion only a few weeks ago for MDIO (which I think
concluded with they already do the latter).

Instead, I typically see attempts at 'generic' properties for doing
power sequencing. That is a never ending stream of properties to add
more controls or more timing constraints on the sequences.

> One thing that strikes me as a possible problem, though, is that I
> totally envision HW guys coming back and saying: "oh, we want to
> second source that USB hub and randomly stuff a different hub on some
> boards".  In theory that's a reasonable suggestion, right?  USB is a
> probable bus.  We turn on power to the USB hub (and the regulator to
> turn on power is the same no matter which hub is stuffed) and then we
> can just check which device got enumerated.  It's likely that both
> hubs would behave the same from a software point of view, but they
> would have different VID/PID.

A 2nd compatible string solves this. Or the s/w needs to tolerate a
mismatch in VID/PID. Pre-probe matches on compatible string and real
probe matches on VID/PID and there doesn't have to be any relationship
between the 2.

If you have another way to power the device other than just 'Vbus' or
self-powered, then you aren't really USB compliant. Vbus is part of
being discoverable.

> As far as I understand the current USB bindings account for the fact
> that the device(s) specified in the device tree might or might not be
> there.  Adding a node under the controller like you show above means:
> "if something is plugged into port 1 of this USB hub and if that thing
> matches 0x0bda/0x5411 then here are the extra properties (vdd-supply)
> for it".  With your proposal I believe we're changing it to mean
> "there will definitely be a device plugged into port 1 of this USB hub
> and it will match 0x0bda/0x5411." Unless I'm mistaken, that will have
> potential impacts on the ability to second source things.

What would happen with Matthias's proposal? That would have a mismatch
too with a 2nd source.

> I guess
> both pre-probe functions could be called and (since there can be
> multiple users of a regulator) it'd be OK, but if we get into reset
> lines it's not much fun.  However, describing the device more like
> Matthias has done it will be nicely compatible with second sourcing.
>
>
> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHNYxRzH3F7r4A3hOJYWw8fwoSLBESyyN7XQ4HYfw1Y3qoNbJg@mail.gmail.com