[PATCH 0/2 V5] Add AMD SEV and SEV-ES intra host migration support

[PATCH 0/2 V5] Add AMD SEV and SEV-ES intra host migration support

[Peter Gonda]

Intra host migration provides a low-cost mechanism for userspace VMM
upgrades.  It is an alternative to traditional (i.e., remote) live
migration. Whereas remote migration handles moving a guest to a new host,
intra host migration only handles moving a guest to a new userspace VMM
within a host.  This can be used to update, rollback, change flags of the
VMM, etc. The lower cost compared to live migration comes from the fact
that the guest's memory does not need to be copied between processes. A
handle to the guest memory simply gets passed to the new VMM, this could
be done via /dev/shm with share=on or similar feature.

The guest state can be transferred from an old VMM to a new VMM as follows:
1. Export guest state from KVM to the old user-space VMM via a getter
user-space/kernel API 2. Transfer guest state from old VMM to new VMM via
IPC communication 3. Import guest state into KVM from the new user-space
VMM via a setter user-space/kernel API VMMs by exporting from KVM using
getters, sending that data to the new VMM, then setting it again in KVM.

In the common case for intra host migration, we can rely on the normal
ioctls for passing data from one VMM to the next. SEV, SEV-ES, and other
confidential compute environments make most of this information opaque, and
render KVM ioctls such as "KVM_GET_REGS" irrelevant.  As a result, we need
the ability to pass this opaque metadata from one VMM to the next. The
easiest way to do this is to leave this data in the kernel, and transfer
ownership of the metadata from one KVM VM (or vCPU) to the next. For
example, we need to move the SEV enabled ASID, VMSAs, and GHCB metadata
from one VMM to the next.  In general, we need to be able to hand off any
data that would be unsafe/impossible for the kernel to hand directly to
userspace (and cannot be reproduced using data that can be handed safely to
userspace).

For the intra host operation the SEV required metadata, the source VM FD is
sent to the target VMM. The target VMM calls the new cap ioctl with the
source VM FD, KVM then moves all the SEV state to the target VM from the
source VM.

V5:
 * Fix up locking scheme
 * Address marcorr@ comments.

V4:
 * Move to seanjc@'s suggestion of source VM FD based single ioctl design.

v3:
 * Fix memory leak found by dan.carpenter@

v2:
 * Added marcorr@ reviewed by tag
 * Renamed function introduced in 1/3
 * Edited with seanjc@'s review comments
 ** Cleaned up WARN usage
 ** Userspace makes random token now
 * Edited with brijesh.singh@'s review comments
 ** Checks for different LAUNCH_* states in send function

v1: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/20210621163118.1040170-1-pgonda@google.com/

Peter Gonda (2):
  KVM, SEV: Add support for SEV intra host migration
  KVM, SEV: Add support for SEV-ES intra host migration

 Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst  |  15 +++
 arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h |   1 +
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c          | 157 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c          |   1 +
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h          |   2 +
 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c              |   5 +
 include/uapi/linux/kvm.h        |   1 +
 7 files changed, 182 insertions(+)

base-commit: a3e0b8bd99ab

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>
Cc: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org

-- 
2.33.0.rc2.250.ged5fa647cd-goog

[PATCH 1/2 V5] KVM, SEV: Add support for SEV intra host migration

[Peter Gonda]

For SEV to work with intra host migration, contents of the SEV info struct
such as the ASID (used to index the encryption key in the AMD SP) and
the list of memory regions need to be transferred to the target VM.
This change adds a commands for a target VMM to get a source SEV VM's sev
info.

The target is expected to be initialized (sev_guest_init), but not
launched state (sev_launch_start) when performing receive. Once the
target has received, it will be in a launched state and will not
need to perform the typical SEV launch commands.

Signed-off-by: Peter Gonda <pgonda@google.com>
Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc: Marc Orr <marcorr@google.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>
Cc: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
---
 Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst  | 15 +++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h |  1 +
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c          | 99 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c          |  1 +
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h          |  2 +
 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c              |  5 ++
 include/uapi/linux/kvm.h        |  1 +
 7 files changed, 124 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
index 86d7ad3a126c..9dc56778b421 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
@@ -6701,6 +6701,21 @@ MAP_SHARED mmap will result in an -EINVAL return.
 When enabled the VMM may make use of the ``KVM_ARM_MTE_COPY_TAGS`` ioctl to
 perform a bulk copy of tags to/from the guest.
 
+7.29 KVM_CAP_VM_MIGRATE_ENC_CONTEXT_FROM
+-------------------------------------
+
+Architectures: x86 SEV enabled
+Type: vm
+Parameters: args[0] is the fd of the source vm
+Returns: 0 on success
+
+This capability enables userspace to migrate the encryption context from the vm
+indicated by the fd to the vm this is called on.
+
+This is intended to support intra-host migration of VMs between userspace VMMs.
+in-guest workloads scheduled by the host. This allows for upgrading the VMM
+process without interrupting the guest.
+
 8. Other capabilities.
 ======================
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
index 20daaf67a5bf..fd3a118c9e40 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h
@@ -1448,6 +1448,7 @@ struct kvm_x86_ops {
 	int (*mem_enc_reg_region)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_enc_region *argp);
 	int (*mem_enc_unreg_region)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_enc_region *argp);
 	int (*vm_copy_enc_context_from)(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd);
+	int (*vm_migrate_enc_context_from)(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd);
 
 	int (*get_msr_feature)(struct kvm_msr_entry *entry);
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
index 75e0b21ad07c..3467e18d63e0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
@@ -1501,6 +1501,105 @@ static int sev_receive_finish(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_sev_cmd *argp)
 	return sev_issue_cmd(kvm, SEV_CMD_RECEIVE_FINISH, &data, &argp->error);
 }
 
+static int svm_sev_lock_for_migration(struct kvm *kvm)
+{
+	struct kvm_sev_info *sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
+
+	/*
+	 * Bail if this VM is already involved in a migration to avoid deadlock
+	 * between two VMs trying to migrate to/from each other.
+	 */
+	if (atomic_cmpxchg_acquire(&sev->migration_in_progress, 0, 1))
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	mutex_lock(&kvm->lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void svm_unlock_after_migration(struct kvm *kvm)
+{
+	struct kvm_sev_info *sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
+
+	mutex_unlock(&kvm->lock);
+	atomic_set_release(&sev->migration_in_progress, 0);
+}
+
+static void migrate_info_from(struct kvm_sev_info *dst,
+			      struct kvm_sev_info *src)
+{
+	sev_asid_free(dst);
+
+	dst->asid = src->asid;
+	dst->misc_cg = src->misc_cg;
+	dst->handle = src->handle;
+	dst->pages_locked = src->pages_locked;
+
+	src->asid = 0;
+	src->active = false;
+	src->handle = 0;
+	src->pages_locked = 0;
+	src->misc_cg = NULL;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dst->regions_list);
+	list_replace_init(&src->regions_list, &dst->regions_list);
+}
+
+int svm_vm_migrate_from(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd)
+{
+	struct kvm_sev_info *dst_sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
+	struct file *source_kvm_file;
+	struct kvm *source_kvm;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = svm_sev_lock_for_migration(kvm);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!sev_guest(kvm) || sev_es_guest(kvm)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		pr_warn_ratelimited("VM must be SEV enabled to migrate to.\n");
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (!list_empty(&dst_sev->regions_list)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		pr_warn_ratelimited(
+			"VM must not have encrypted regions to migrate to.\n");
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	source_kvm_file = fget(source_fd);
+	if (!file_is_kvm(source_kvm_file)) {
+		ret = -EBADF;
+		goto out_fput;
+	}
+
+	source_kvm = source_kvm_file->private_data;
+	ret = svm_sev_lock_for_migration(source_kvm);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out_fput;
+
+	if (!sev_guest(source_kvm) || sev_es_guest(source_kvm)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		pr_warn_ratelimited(
+			"Source VM must be SEV enabled to migrate from.\n");
+		goto out_source;
+	}
+
+	migrate_info_from(dst_sev, &to_kvm_svm(source_kvm)->sev_info);
+	ret = 0;
+
+out_source:
+	svm_unlock_after_migration(source_kvm);
+out_fput:
+	if (source_kvm_file)
+		fput(source_kvm_file);
+out_unlock:
+	svm_unlock_after_migration(kvm);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int svm_mem_enc_op(struct kvm *kvm, void __user *argp)
 {
 	struct kvm_sev_cmd sev_cmd;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
index 7b58e445a967..8b5bcab48937 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
@@ -4627,6 +4627,7 @@ static struct kvm_x86_ops svm_x86_ops __initdata = {
 	.mem_enc_unreg_region = svm_unregister_enc_region,
 
 	.vm_copy_enc_context_from = svm_vm_copy_asid_from,
+	.vm_migrate_enc_context_from = svm_vm_migrate_from,
 
 	.can_emulate_instruction = svm_can_emulate_instruction,
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
index 524d943f3efc..67bfb43301e1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ struct kvm_sev_info {
 	u64 ap_jump_table;	/* SEV-ES AP Jump Table address */
 	struct kvm *enc_context_owner; /* Owner of copied encryption context */
 	struct misc_cg *misc_cg; /* For misc cgroup accounting */
+	atomic_t migration_in_progress;
 };
 
 struct kvm_svm {
@@ -552,6 +553,7 @@ int svm_register_enc_region(struct kvm *kvm,
 int svm_unregister_enc_region(struct kvm *kvm,
 			      struct kvm_enc_region *range);
 int svm_vm_copy_asid_from(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd);
+int svm_vm_migrate_from(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd);
 void pre_sev_run(struct vcpu_svm *svm, int cpu);
 void __init sev_set_cpu_caps(void);
 void __init sev_hardware_setup(void);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index fdc0c18339fb..ea3100134e35 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -5655,6 +5655,11 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_enable_cap(struct kvm *kvm,
 		if (kvm_x86_ops.vm_copy_enc_context_from)
 			r = kvm_x86_ops.vm_copy_enc_context_from(kvm, cap->args[0]);
 		return r;
+	case KVM_CAP_VM_MIGRATE_ENC_CONTEXT_FROM:
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		if (kvm_x86_ops.vm_migrate_enc_context_from)
+			r = kvm_x86_ops.vm_migrate_enc_context_from(kvm, cap->args[0]);
+		return r;
 	case KVM_CAP_EXIT_HYPERCALL:
 		if (cap->args[0] & ~KVM_EXIT_HYPERCALL_VALID_MASK) {
 			r = -EINVAL;
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
index a067410ebea5..49660204cdb9 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
@@ -1112,6 +1112,7 @@ struct kvm_ppc_resize_hpt {
 #define KVM_CAP_BINARY_STATS_FD 203
 #define KVM_CAP_EXIT_ON_EMULATION_FAILURE 204
 #define KVM_CAP_ARM_MTE 205
+#define KVM_CAP_VM_MIGRATE_ENC_CONTEXT_FROM 206
 
 #ifdef KVM_CAP_IRQ_ROUTING
 
-- 
2.33.0.rc2.250.ged5fa647cd-goog

[PATCH 2/2 V5] KVM, SEV: Add support for SEV-ES intra host migration

[Peter Gonda]

For SEV-ES to work with intra host migration the VMSAs, GHCB metadata,
and other SEV-ES info needs to be preserved along with the guest's
memory.

Signed-off-by: Peter Gonda <pgonda@google.com>
Cc: Marc Orr <marcorr@google.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>
Cc: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
---
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
index 3467e18d63e0..f17bdf5ce723 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
@@ -1545,6 +1545,59 @@ static void migrate_info_from(struct kvm_sev_info *dst,
 	list_replace_init(&src->regions_list, &dst->regions_list);
 }
 
+static int migrate_vmsa_from(struct kvm *dst, struct kvm *src)
+{
+	int i, num_vcpus;
+	struct kvm_vcpu *dst_vcpu, *src_vcpu;
+	struct vcpu_svm *dst_svm, *src_svm;
+
+	num_vcpus = atomic_read(&dst->online_vcpus);
+	if (num_vcpus != atomic_read(&src->online_vcpus)) {
+		pr_warn_ratelimited(
+			"Source and target VMs must have same number of vCPUs.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_vcpus; ++i) {
+		src_vcpu = src->vcpus[i];
+		if (!src_vcpu->arch.guest_state_protected) {
+			pr_warn_ratelimited(
+				"Source ES VM vCPUs must have protected state.\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_vcpus; ++i) {
+		src_vcpu = src->vcpus[i];
+		src_svm = to_svm(src_vcpu);
+		dst_vcpu = dst->vcpus[i];
+		dst_svm = to_svm(dst_vcpu);
+
+		/*
+		 * Copy VMSA and GHCB fields from the source to the destination.
+		 * Clear them on the source to prevent the VM running and
+		 * changing the state of the VMSA/GHCB unexpectedly.
+		 */
+		dst_vcpu->vcpu_id = src_vcpu->vcpu_id;
+		dst_svm->vmsa = src_svm->vmsa;
+		src_svm->vmsa = NULL;
+		dst_svm->ghcb = src_svm->ghcb;
+		src_svm->ghcb = NULL;
+		dst_svm->vmcb->control.ghcb_gpa =
+				src_svm->vmcb->control.ghcb_gpa;
+		src_svm->vmcb->control.ghcb_gpa = 0;
+		dst_svm->ghcb_sa = src_svm->ghcb_sa;
+		src_svm->ghcb_sa = NULL;
+		dst_svm->ghcb_sa_len = src_svm->ghcb_sa_len;
+		src_svm->ghcb_sa_len = 0;
+		dst_svm->ghcb_sa_sync = src_svm->ghcb_sa_sync;
+		src_svm->ghcb_sa_sync = false;
+		dst_svm->ghcb_sa_free = src_svm->ghcb_sa_free;
+		src_svm->ghcb_sa_free = false;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int svm_vm_migrate_from(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd)
 {
 	struct kvm_sev_info *dst_sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
@@ -1556,7 +1609,7 @@ int svm_vm_migrate_from(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd)
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-	if (!sev_guest(kvm) || sev_es_guest(kvm)) {
+	if (!sev_guest(kvm)) {
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 		pr_warn_ratelimited("VM must be SEV enabled to migrate to.\n");
 		goto out_unlock;
@@ -1580,13 +1633,18 @@ int svm_vm_migrate_from(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd)
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_fput;
 
-	if (!sev_guest(source_kvm) || sev_es_guest(source_kvm)) {
+	if (!sev_guest(source_kvm)) {
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 		pr_warn_ratelimited(
 			"Source VM must be SEV enabled to migrate from.\n");
 		goto out_source;
 	}
 
+	if (sev_es_guest(kvm)) {
+		ret = migrate_vmsa_from(kvm, source_kvm);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_source;
+	}
 	migrate_info_from(dst_sev, &to_kvm_svm(source_kvm)->sev_info);
 	ret = 0;
 
-- 
2.33.0.rc2.250.ged5fa647cd-goog

Re: [PATCH 0/2 V5] Add AMD SEV and SEV-ES intra host migration support

[Sean Christopherson]

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021, Peter Gonda wrote:
> V5:
>  * Fix up locking scheme

Please add a selftest to prove/verify the anti-deadlock scheme actually works.
Unless I'm mistaken, only KVM_SEV_INIT needs to be invoked, i.e. the selftest
wouldn't need anything remotely close to full SEV support.  And that means it
should be trivial to verify the success path as well.  E.g. create three SEV VMs
(A, B, and C) and verify migrating from any VM to any other VM works (since none
of the VMs have memory regions).  Then spin up eight pthreads and have each thread
concurrently migrate a specific combination an arbitrary number of times.  Ignore
whether the migration failed or succeeded, "success" from the test's perspective
is purely that it completed, i.e. didn't deadlock.